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Cruz S, Lifter K, Barros C, Vieira R, Sampaio A. Neural and psychophysiological correlates of social communication development: Evidence from sensory processing, motor, cognitive, language and emotional behavioral milestones across infancy. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2020; 11:158-177. [PMID: 32449376 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1768392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a literature review focusing on the neural and psychophysiological correlates associated with social communication development in infancy. Studies presenting evidence on infants' brain activity and developments in infant sensory processing, motor, cognitive, language, and emotional abilities are described in regard to the neuropsychophysiological processes underlying the emergence of these specific behavioral milestones and their associations with social communication development. Studies that consider specific age-related characteristics across the infancy period are presented. Evidence suggests that specific neural and physiological signatures accompany age-related social communication development during the first 18 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruz
- The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center, Lusíada University - North, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Neurodesenvolvimento (IND), Porto, Portugal
| | - Karin Lifter
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catarina Barros
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Research in Psychology Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Research in Psychology Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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2
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Taylor CM, Olulade OA, Luetje MM, Eden GF. An fMRI study of coherent visual motion processing in children and adults. Neuroimage 2018; 173:223-239. [PMID: 29477442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large corpus of brain imaging studies examining the dorsal visual pathway, especially area V5/MT during visual motion perception. However, despite evidence suggesting a protracted development of the dorsal visual stream, and a role of this pathway in neurodevelopmental disorders, V5/MT has not been characterized developmentally. Further, experiential factors such as reading acquisition may play a modulating role in any age-dependent changes. Here we used a coherent visual motion detection task to examine V5/MT activity and connectivity in typical participants in two studies: a Cross- Sectional Study comparing adults and children; and a Longitudinal Study of 2nd graders followed into 3rd grade. In the Cross-Sectional Study, a whole-brain analysis revealed no differences between the two groups, whereas a region of interest (ROI) approach identified greater activation in left (right trending) V5/MT in adults compared to children. However, when we measured V5/MT activation individually for each participant, children and adults showed no difference in the location or intensity of activation, although children did exhibit relatively larger extent of V5/MT activation bilaterally. There was also relatively greater functional connectivity in the children between left and right occipitotemporal cortex, including V5/MT. The Longitudinal Study revealed no changes in V5/MT activation for any measures of activation or functional connectivity from 2nd to 3rd grade. Finally, there was no evidence of an association between reading and V5/MT over time, nor predictive power of V5/MT activity for later reading. Together, our results indicate similar V5/MT activity across age groups, with relatively greater extent of V5/MT activation and functional connectivity in children relative to adults, bilaterally. These differences were not apparent over the time course of one year, suggesting that these developmental changes occur over a more protracted period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Taylor
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - O A Olulade
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M M Luetje
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G F Eden
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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3
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Solomon M, Yoon JH, Ragland JD, Niendam TA, Lesh TA, Fairbrother W, Carter CS. The development of the neural substrates of cognitive control in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:412-21. [PMID: 24209777 PMCID: PMC3999330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) involve impairments in cognitive control. In typical development (TYP), neural systems underlying cognitive control undergo substantial maturation during adolescence. Development is delayed in adolescents with ASD. Little is known about the neural substrates of this delay. METHODS We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a cognitive control task involving overcoming a prepotent response tendency to examine the development of cognitive control in young (ages 12-15; n = 13 with ASD and n = 13 with TYP) and older (ages 16-18; n = 14 with ASD and n = 14 with TYP) adolescents with whole-brain voxelwise univariate and task-related functional connectivity analyses. RESULTS Older ASD and TYP showed reduced activation in sensory and premotor areas relative to younger ones. The older ASD group showed reduced left parietal activation relative to TYP. Functional connectivity analyses showed a significant age by group interaction with the older ASD group exhibiting increased functional connectivity strength between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, bilaterally. This functional connectivity strength was related to task performance in ASD, whereas that between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex (Brodmann areas 9 and 40) was related to task performance in TYP. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with ASD rely more on reactive cognitive control, involving last-minute conflict detection and control implementation by the anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, versus proactive cognitive control requiring processing by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. Findings await replication in larger longitudinal studies that examine their functional consequences and amenability to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis; M.I.N.D. Institute, Sacramento, California; University of California, Davis Imaging Research Center, Sacramento, California.
| | - Jong H Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis; University of California, Davis Imaging Research Center, Sacramento, California
| | - J Daniel Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis; University of California, Davis Imaging Research Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis; University of California, Davis Imaging Research Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis; University of California, Davis Imaging Research Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Wonja Fairbrother
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis; M.I.N.D. Institute, Sacramento, California
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis; University of California, Davis Imaging Research Center, Sacramento, California
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Wang J. Hypothesis on two different functionalities co-existing in frontal lobe of human brains. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:367-70. [PMID: 23856241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human frontal lobe is a key area from where our cognition, memory and emotion display or function. In medical case study, there are patients with social dysfunctions, lack of passion or emotion as result of their frontal lobe damage caused by pathological changes, traumatic damage, and brain tumor remove operations. The syndrome of frontal lobe damage remains at large unanswered medically. From early stage of pregnancy, there exists lobe layers, nerve combine, and neurons synaptic, indicating a completion of growth of functionality inside frontal lobe. However, this completion of growth does not match the growth of human intelligence. Human infants only start and complete their cognition and memory functionality one full year after their birth which is marked by huge amount of neurons synaptic inside their frontal lobe, which is not part of a continual growth of originally developed functions. By reasoning on pathological changes of frontal lobe, a hypothesis was established that two individually functional mechanisms co-existed inside one frontal lobe. This neuron system is particularly for human beings.
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You X, Adjouadi M, Guillen MR, Ayala M, Barreto A, Rishe N, Sullivan J, Dlugos D, Vanmeter J, Morris D, Donner E, Bjornson B, Smith ML, Bernal B, Berl M, Gaillard WD. Sub-patterns of language network reorganization in pediatric localization related epilepsy: a multisite study. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 32:784-99. [PMID: 21484949 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the neural networks reorganization in pediatric epilepsy, a consortium of imaging centers was established to collect functional imaging data. Common paradigms and similar acquisition parameters were used. We studied 122 children (64 control and 58 LRE patients) across five sites using EPI BOLD fMRI and an auditory description decision task. After normalization to the MNI atlas, activation maps generated by FSL were separated into three sub-groups using a distance method in the principal component analysis (PCA)-based decisional space. Three activation patterns were identified: (1) the typical distributed network expected for task in left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's) and along left superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's) (60 controls, 35 patients); (2) a variant left dominant pattern with greater activation in IFG, mesial left frontal lobe, and right cerebellum (three controls, 15 patients); and (3) activation in the right counterparts of the first pattern in Broca's area (one control, eight patients). Patients were over represented in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.0004). There were no scanner (P = 0.4) or site effects (P = 0.6). Our data-driven method for fMRI activation pattern separation is independent of a priori notions and bias inherent in region of interest and visual analyses. In addition to the anticipated atypical right dominant activation pattern, a sub-pattern was identified that involved intensity and extent differences of activation within the distributed left hemisphere language processing network. These findings suggest a different, perhaps less efficient, cognitive strategy for LRE group to perform the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen You
- College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, 10555 W. Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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Karunanayaka P, Schmithorst VJ, Vannest J, Szaflarski JP, Plante E, Holland SK. A linear structural equation model for covert verb generation based on independent component analysis of FMRI data from children and adolescents. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:29. [PMID: 21660108 PMCID: PMC3106180 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human language is a complex and protean cognitive ability. Young children, following well defined developmental patterns learn language rapidly and effortlessly producing full sentences by the age of 3 years. However, the language circuitry continues to undergo significant neuroplastic changes extending well into teenage years. Evidence suggests that the developing brain adheres to two rudimentary principles of functional organization: functional integration and functional specialization. At a neurobiological level, this distinction can be identified with progressive specialization or focalization reflecting consolidation and synaptic reinforcement of a network (Lenneberg, 1967; Muller et al., 1998; Berl et al., 2006). In this paper, we used group independent component analysis and linear structural equation modeling (McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima, 1994; Karunanayaka et al., 2007) to tease out the developmental trajectories of the language circuitry based on fMRI data from 336 children ages 5–18 years performing a blocked, covert verb generation task. The results are analyzed and presented in the framework of theoretical models for neurocognitive brain development. This study highlights the advantages of combining both modular and connectionist approaches to cognitive functions; from a methodological perspective, it demonstrates the feasibility of combining data-driven and hypothesis driven techniques to investigate the developmental shifts in the semantic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Karunanayaka
- Center for NMR Research, Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA
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Sherrill LK, Koss WA, Foreman ES, Gulley JM. The effects of pre-pubertal gonadectomy and binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence on ethanol drinking in adult male and female rats. Behav Brain Res 2010; 216:569-75. [PMID: 20816899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pubertal surge in gonadal hormones that occurs during adolescence may impact the long-term effects of early alcohol exposure and sex differences in drinking behavior in adulthood. We investigated this hypothesis by performing sham or gonadectomy surgeries in Long-Evans rats around post-natal day (P) 20. From P35-45, males and females were given saline or 3.0 g/kg ethanol using a binge-like model of exposure (8 injections total). As adults (P100), they were trained to self-administer ethanol via a sucrose-fading procedure and then given access to different unsweetened concentrations (5-20%, w/v) for 5 days/concentration. We found that during adolescence, ethanol-induced intoxication was similar in males and females that underwent sham surgery. In gonadectomized males and females, however, the level of intoxication was greater following the last injection compared to the first. During adulthood, females drank more sucrose per body weight than males and binge-like exposure to ethanol reduced sucrose consumption in both sexes. These effects were not seen in gonadectomized rats. Ethanol consumption was higher in saline-exposed females compared to males, with gonadectomy reversing this sex difference by increasing consumption in males and decreasing it in females. Exposure to ethanol during adolescence augmented ethanol consumption in both sexes, but this effect was statistically significant only in gonadectomized females. Together, these results support a role for gonadal hormones during puberty in the short- and long-term effects of ethanol on behavior and in the development of sex differences in consummatory behavior during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K Sherrill
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Developmental tuning and decay in senescence of oscillations linking the corticospinal system. J Neurosci 2010; 30:3663-74. [PMID: 20220000 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5621-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the importance of synchronous activity within the corticospinal system for motor control. We compared oscillatory activity in the primary sensorimotor cortex [EEG of sensorimotor cortex (SMC-EEG)] and a motor neuronal pool [surface electromyogram of opponens pollicis (OP-EMG)], and their coherence in children (4-12 years of age), young adults (20-35 years of age), and elderly adults (>55 years of age). The ratio between lower (2-13 Hz) and higher (14-32 Hz) frequencies in both SMC-EEG and OP-EMG decreased with age, correlating inversely with motor performance. There was evidence for larger, more distributed cortical networks in the children and elderly compared with young adults. Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) was present in all age groups and shifted between frontal and parietal cortical areas. In children, CMC was smaller and less stationary in amplitude and frequency than in adults. Young adults had single peaks of CMC clustered near the modal frequency (23 Hz); multiple peaks with a broad spread of frequencies occurred in children and the elderly; the further the frequency of the maximum peak CMC was from 23 Hz, the poorer the performance. CMC amplitude was inversely related to performance in young adults but was not modulated in relation to performance in children and the elderly. We propose that progressive fine-tuning of the frequency coding and stabilization of the dynamic properties within and between corticospinal networks occurs during adolescence, refining the capacity for efficient dynamic communication in adulthood. In old age, blurring of the tuning between networks and breakdown in their integration occurs and is likely to contribute to a decrement in motor control.
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Karunanayaka P, Schmithorst VJ, Vannest J, Szaflarski JP, Plante E, Holland SK. A group independent component analysis of covert verb generation in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage 2010; 51:472-87. [PMID: 20056150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic language skills are an integral part of early childhood language development. The semantic association between verbs and nouns constitutes an important building block for the construction of sentences. In this large-scale functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, involving 336 subjects between the ages of 5 and 18 years, we investigated the neural correlates of covert verb generation in children. Using group independent component analysis (ICA), seven task-related components were identified including the mid-superior temporal gyrus, the most posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, the angular gyrus, and medial aspect of the parietal lobule (precuneus/posterior cingulate). A highly left-lateralized component was found including the medial temporal gyrus, the frontal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the angular gyrus. The associated independent component (IC) time courses were analyzed to investigate developmental changes in the neural elements supporting covert verb generation. Observed age effects may either reflect specific local neuroplastic changes in the neural substrates supporting language or a more global transformation of neuroplasticity in the developing brain. The results are analyzed and presented in the framework of two theoretical models for neurocognitive brain development. In this context, group ICA of fMRI data from our large sample of children aged 5-18 years provides strong evidence in support of the regionally weighted model for cognitive neurodevelopment of language networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Karunanayaka
- Imaging Research Center, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Neurology and Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Conductive Education for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Effects on Hand Motor Functions Relevant to Activities of Daily Living. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89:251-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Garvey MA, Mall V. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:973-84. [PMID: 18221913 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Developmental disabilities (e.g. attention deficit disorder; cerebral palsy) are frequently associated with deviations of the typical pattern of motor skill maturation. Neurophysiologic tools, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which probe motor cortex function, can potentially provide insights into both typical neuromotor maturation and the mechanisms underlying the motor skill deficits in children with developmental disabilities. These insights may set the stage for finding effective interventions for these disorders. We review the literature pertaining to the use of TMS in pediatrics. Most TMS-evoked parameters show age-related changes in typically developing children and some of these are abnormal in a number of childhood-onset neurological disorders. Although no TMS-evoked parameters are diagnostic for any disorder, changes in certain parameters appear to reflect disease burden or may provide a measure of treatment-related improvement. Furthermore, TMS may be especially useful when combined with other neurophysiologic modalities (e.g. fMRI). However, much work remains to be done to determine if TMS-evoked parameters can be used as valid and reliable biomarkers for disease burden, the natural history of neurological injury and repair, and the efficacy of pharmacological and rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A Garvey
- Neuroscience Research Center, National Rehabilitation Hospital, 102 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Berl MM, Vaidya CJ, Gaillard WD. Functional imaging of developmental and adaptive changes in neurocognition. Neuroimage 2005; 30:679-91. [PMID: 16332444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2004] [Revised: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of brain-behavior relationships through functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) within typically or atypically developing populations poses methodological and interpretational challenges. We consider theoretical, methodological, and artifactual factors that influence characterization of developmental and adaptive changes in childhood. Findings from anatomical and physiological brain development studies are highlighted as they may influence functional imaging results. Then, we consider several patterns of functional activation within the context of developmental processes as well as neurologic disease. Hypotheses regarding the development of cognitive networks are proposed to account for the individual differences seen in normal and atypical development. We also identify potential sources of unwanted variability related to experimental design and task performance and suggest possible solutions to help minimize these effects. Lastly, a challenge for current studies is a lack of group and individual analysis methods that can be reliably applied to capture and quantify factors that contribute to variability introduced by developmental and disease processes. We review current methods and propose potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M Berl
- Department of Neurosciences, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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White AM, Swartzwelder HS. Age-related effects of alcohol on memory and memory-related brain function in adolescents and adults. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ALCOHOLISM : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL SOCIETY ON ALCOHOLISM, THE RESEARCH SOCIETY ON ALCOHOLISM, AND THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON ALCOHOLISM 2005; 17:161-76. [PMID: 15789865 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48626-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As detailed in this brief review, there is now clear evidence that adolescence represents a unique stage of brain development. Changes in brain organization and function during adolescence are widespread, and include intense rewiring in the frontal lobes and other neorcortical regions, as well as changes in a litany of subcortical structures. Recent research suggests that, because of these changes in brain function, drugs like alcohol affect adolescents and adults differently. The available evidence, much of it from research with animal models, suggests that adolescents might be more sensitive than adults to the memory impairing effects of alcohol, as well as the impact of alcohol on the brain function that underlies memory formation. For instance, when treated with alcohol, adolescent rats perform worse than adults in spatial learning tasks that are known to require the functioning of the hippocampus. Alcohol disrupts hippocampal function, and does so more potently in adolescents than adults. In contrast, adolescents appear to be far less sensitive than adults to both the sedative and motor impairing effects of alcohol. While research on this topic is still in its infancy, the findings clearly suggest that adolescence represents a unique stage of sensitivity to the impact of alcohol on behavior and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M White
- Duke University Medical Center, Neurobiology Research Labs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Schapiro MB, Schmithorst VJ, Wilke M, Byars AW, Strawsburg RH, Holland SK. BOLD fMRI signal increases with age in selected brain regions in children. Neuroreport 2004; 15:2575-8. [PMID: 15570155 PMCID: PMC1351216 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200412030-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the BOLD signal used in fMRI is age dependent in childhood, 332 healthy children (age 4.9-18.9 years) performed tasks in a periodic block design during 3 T fMRI: (1) a verb generation task interleaved with a finger tapping task; (2) a word-picture matching task interleaved with an image discrimination task. Significant correlations between percent signal change in BOLD effect and age occurred in left Broca's, middle frontal, Wernicke's, and inferior parietal regions, and anterior cingulate during the verb generation task; in precentral, postcentral, middle frontal, supplementary motor, and precuneus regions during the finger tapping task; and in bilateral lingula gyri during the word-picture matching task. Thus, BOLD effect increases with age in children during sensorimotor and language tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Schapiro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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White AM, Bae JG, Truesdale MC, Ahmad S, Wilson WA, Swartzwelder HS. Chronic-Intermittent Ethanol Exposure During Adolescence Prevents Normal Developmental Changes in Sensitivity to Ethanol-Induced Motor Impairments. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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