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Onicas AI, Deighton S, Yeates KO, Bray S, Graff K, Abdeen N, Beauchamp MH, Beaulieu C, Bjornson B, Craig W, Dehaes M, Deschenes S, Doan Q, Freedman SB, Goodyear BG, Gravel J, Lebel C, Ledoux AA, Zemek R, Ware AL. Longitudinal Functional Connectome in Pediatric Concussion: An Advancing Concussion Assessment in Pediatrics Study. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:587-603. [PMID: 37489293 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques indicate that concussion (i.e., mild traumatic brain injury) disrupts brain structure and function in children. However, the functional connectivity of brain regions within global and local networks (i.e., functional connectome) is poorly understood in pediatric concussion. This prospective, longitudinal study addressed this gap using data from the largest neuroimaging study of pediatric concussion to date to study the functional connectome longitudinally after concussion as compared with mild orthopedic injury (OI). Children and adolescents (n = 967) 8-16.99 years with concussion or mild OI were recruited from pediatric emergency departments within 48 h post-injury. Pre-injury and 1-month post-injury symptom ratings were used to classify concussion with or without persistent symptoms based on reliable change. Subjects completed a post-acute (2-33 days) and chronic (3 or 6 months via random assignment) MRI scan. Graph theory metrics were derived from 918 resting-state functional MRI scans in 585 children (386 concussion/199 OI). Linear mixed-effects modeling was performed to assess group differences over time, correcting for multiple comparisons. Relative to OI, the global clustering coefficient was reduced at 3 months post-injury in older children with concussion and in females with concussion and persistent symptoms. Time post-injury and sex moderated group differences in local (regional) network metrics of several brain regions, including degree centrality, efficiency, and clustering coefficient of the angular gyrus, calcarine fissure, cuneus, and inferior occipital, lingual, middle occipital, post-central, and superior occipital gyrus. Relative to OI, degree centrality and nodal efficiency were reduced post-acutely, and nodal efficiency and clustering coefficient were reduced chronically after concussion (i.e., at 3 and 6 months post-injury in females; at 6 months post-injury in males). Functional network alterations were more robust and widespread chronically as opposed to post-acutely after concussion, and varied by sex, age, and symptom recovery at 1-month post-injury. Local network segregation reductions emerged globally (across the whole brain network) in older children and in females with poor recovery chronically after concussion. Reduced functioning between neighboring regions could negatively disrupt specialized information processing. Local network metric alterations were demonstrated in several posterior regions that are involved in vision and attention after concussion relative to OI. This indicates that functioning of superior parietal and occipital regions could be particularly susceptibile to the effects of concussion. Moreover, those regional alterations were especially apparent at later time periods post-injury, emerging after post-concussive symptoms resolved in most and persisted up to 6 months post-injury, and differed by biological sex. This indicates that neurobiological changes continue to occur up to 6 months after pediatric concussion, although changes emerge earlier in females than in males. Changes could reflect neural compensation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I Onicas
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, LU, Italy
- Computer Vision Group, Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, Kraków, Poland. Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie Deighton
- Department of Psychology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kirk Graff
- Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nishard Abdeen
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Craig
- University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dehaes
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Deschenes
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Quynh Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Departments of Pediatric and Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley G Goodyear
- Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Gravel
- Department of Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley L Ware
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Ware AL, McLarnon MJW, Lapointe AP, Brooks BL, Bacevice A, Bangert BA, Beauchamp MH, Bigler ED, Bjornson B, Cohen DM, Craig W, Doan Q, Freedman SB, Goodyear BG, Gravel J, Mihalov HLK, Minich NM, Taylor HG, Zemek R, Yeates KO. IQ After Pediatric Concussion. Pediatrics 2023:e2022060515. [PMID: 37455662 PMCID: PMC10389777 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated IQ scores in pediatric concussion (ie, mild traumatic brain injury) versus orthopedic injury. METHODS Children (N = 866; aged 8-16.99 years) were recruited for 2 prospective cohort studies from emergency departments at children's hospitals (2 sites in the United States and 5 in Canada) ≤48 hours after sustaining a concussion or orthopedic injury. They completed IQ and performance validity testing postacutely (3-18 days postinjury; United States) or 3 months postinjury (Canada). Group differences in IQ scores were examined using 3 complementary statistical approaches (linear modeling, Bayesian, and multigroup factor analysis) in children performing above cutoffs on validity testing. RESULTS Linear models showed small group differences in full-scale IQ (d [95% confidence interval] = 0.13 [0.00-0.26]) and matrix reasoning (0.16 [0.03-0.30]), but not in vocabulary scores. IQ scores were not related to previous concussion, acute clinical features, injury mechanism, a validated clinical risk score, pre- or postinjury symptom ratings, litigation, or symptomatic status at 1 month postinjury. Bayesian models provided moderate to very strong evidence against group differences in IQ scores (Bayes factor 0.02-0.23). Multigroup factor analysis further demonstrated strict measurement invariance, indicating group equivalence in factor structure of the IQ test and latent variable means. CONCLUSIONS Across multisite, prospective study cohorts, 3 complementary statistical models provided no evidence of clinically meaningful differences in IQ scores after pediatric concussion. Instead, overall results provided strong evidence against reduced intelligence in the first few weeks to months after pediatric concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Ware
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew J W McLarnon
- Department of General Management and Human Resources, Bissett School of Business, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew P Lapointe
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian L Brooks
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Neurosciences Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, and Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ann Bacevice
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Barbara A Bangert
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- Division of Neurology
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel M Cohen
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William Craig
- University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Quynh Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley G Goodyear
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Gravel
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine; CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - H Leslie K Mihalov
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nori Mercuri Minich
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Roger Zemek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Domi T, Robertson A, Lee W, Wintle RF, Stence N, Bernard T, Kirton A, Carlson H, Andrade A, Rafay MF, Bjornson B, Kim D, Dowling M, Bonnett W, Rivkin M, Krishnan P, Shroff M, Ertl-Wagner B, Strother S, Arnott S, Wintermark M, Kassner A, deVeber G, Dlamini N. The development of the pediatric stroke neuroimaging platform (PEDSNIP). Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103438. [PMID: 37354865 PMCID: PMC10331307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Childhood stroke occurs from birth to 18 years of age, ranks among the top ten childhood causes of death, and leaves lifelong neurological impairments. Arterial ischemic stroke in infancy and childhood occurs due to arterial occlusion in the brain, resulting in a focal lesion. Our understanding of mechanisms of injury and repair associated with focal injury in the developing brain remains rudimentary. Neuroimaging can reveal important insights into these mechanisms. In adult stroke population, multi-center neuroimaging studies are common and have accelerated the translation process leading to improvements in treatment and outcome. These studies are centered on the growing evidence that neuroimaging measures and other biomarkers (e.g., from blood and cerebrospinal fluid) can enhance our understanding of mechanisms of risk and injury and be used as complementary outcome markers. These factors have yet to be studied in pediatric stroke because most neuroimaging studies in this population have been conducted in single-centred, small cohorts. By pooling neuroimaging data across multiple sites, larger cohorts of patients can significantly boost study feasibility and power in elucidating mechanisms of brain injury, repair and outcomes. These aims are particularly relevant in pediatric stroke because of the decreased incidence rates and the lack of mechanism-targeted trials. Toward these aims, we developed the Pediatric Stroke Neuroimaging Platform (PEDSNIP) in 2015, funded by The Brain Canada Platform Support Grant, to focus on three identified neuroimaging priorities. These were: developing and harmonizing multisite clinical protocols, creating the infrastructure and methods to import, store and organize the large clinical neuroimaging dataset from multiple sites through the International Pediatric Stroke Study (IPSS), and enabling central searchability. To do this, developed a two-pronged approach that included building 1) A Clinical-MRI Data Repository (standard of care imaging) linked to clinical data and longitudinal outcomes and 2) A Research-MRI neuroimaging data set acquired through our extensive collaborative, multi-center, multidisciplinary network. This dataset was collected prospectively in eight North American centers to test the feasibility and implementation of harmonized advanced Research-MRI, with the addition of clinical information, genetic and proteomic studies, in a cohort of children presenting with acute ischemic stroke. Here we describe the process that enabled the development of PEDSNIP built to provide the infrastructure to support neuroimaging research priorities in pediatric stroke. Having built this Platform, we are now able to utilize the largest neuroimaging and clinical data pool on pediatric stroke data worldwide to conduct hypothesis-driven research. We are actively working on a bioinformatics approach to develop predictive models of risk, injury and repair and accelerate breakthrough discoveries leading to mechanism-targeted treatments that improve outcomes and minimize the burden following childhood stroke. This unique transformational resource for scientists and researchers has the potential to result in a paradigm shift in the management, outcomes and quality of life in children with stroke and their families, with far-reaching benefits for other brain conditions of people across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Domi
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Robertson
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne Lee
- Research Operations, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard F Wintle
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Stence
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Bernard
- Child Neurology and Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Carlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Andrade
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mubeen F Rafay
- Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Kim
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Dowling
- The University of Texas, Southwestern Austin, TX, United States; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilmot Bonnett
- The University of Texas, Southwestern Austin, TX, United States; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Rivkin
- Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pradeep Krishnan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manohar Shroff
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Strother
- Department of Medical Biophysics Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Arnott
- Department of Medical Biophysics Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson, Houston, TX (M.W.), United States; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Kassner
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle deVeber
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,.
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Ware AL, Yeates KO, Tang K, Shukla A, Onicas AI, Guo S, Goodrich-Hunsaker N, Abdeen N, Beauchamp MH, Beaulieu C, Bjornson B, Craig W, Dehaes M, Doan Q, Deschenes S, Freedman SB, Goodyear BG, Gravel J, Ledoux AA, Zemek R, Lebel C. Longitudinal white matter microstructural changes in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: An A-CAP study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3809-3823. [PMID: 35467058 PMCID: PMC9294335 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the largest sample studied to date, white matter microstructural trajectories and their relation to persistent symptoms were examined after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruited children aged 8–16.99 years with mTBI or mild orthopedic injury (OI) from five pediatric emergency departments. Children's pre‐injury and 1‐month post‐injury symptom ratings were used to classify mTBI with or without persistent symptoms. Children completed diffusion‐weighted imaging at post‐acute (2–33 days post‐injury) and chronic (3 or 6 months via random assignment) post‐injury assessments. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were derived for 18 white matter tracts in 560 children (362 mTBI/198 OI), 407 with longitudinal data. Superior longitudinal fasciculus FA was higher in mTBI without persistent symptoms relative to OI, d (95% confidence interval) = 0.31 to 0.37 (0.02, 0.68), across time. In younger children, MD of the anterior thalamic radiations was higher in mTBI with persistent symptoms relative to both mTBI without persistent symptoms, 1.43 (0.59, 2.27), and OI, 1.94 (1.07, 2.81). MD of the arcuate fasciculus, −0.58 (−1.04, −0.11), and superior longitudinal fasciculus, −0.49 (−0.90, −0.09) was lower in mTBI without persistent symptoms relative to OI at 6 months post‐injury. White matter microstructural changes suggesting neuroinflammation and axonal swelling occurred chronically and continued 6 months post injury in children with mTBI, especially in younger children with persistent symptoms, relative to OI. White matter microstructure appears more organized in children without persistent symptoms, consistent with their better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Ware
- Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ken Tang
- Independent Statistical Consulting, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ayushi Shukla
- Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrian I Onicas
- Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Sunny Guo
- Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Nishard Abdeen
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal & CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 2. BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Craig
- University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dehaes
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Quynh Doan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sylvain Deschenes
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley G Goodyear
- Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Gravel
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, & Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Harrell W, Gipson DS, Belger A, Matsuda-Abedini M, Bjornson B, Hooper SR. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Kidney Disease: Preliminary Findings. Semin Nephrol 2021; 41:462-475. [PMID: 34916008 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study provides preliminary findings from one of the first functional brain imaging studies in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The sample included 21 children with CKD (ages, 14.4 ± 3.0 y) and 11 healthy controls (ages, 14.5 ± 3.4 y). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a visual-spatial working memory task, findings showed that the CKD group and healthy controls invoked similar brain regions for encoding and retrieval phases of the task, but significant group differences were noted in the activation patterns for both components of the task. For the encoding phase, the CKD group showed lower activation in the posterior cingulate, anterior cingulate, precuneus, and middle occipital gyrus than the control group, but more activation in the superior temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and the insula. For the retrieval phase, the CKD group showed underactivation for brain systems involving the posterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, occipital lobe, and middle temporal gyrus, and greater activation than the healthy controls in the postcentral gyrus. Few group differences were noted with respect to disease severity. These preliminary findings support evidence showing a neurologic basis to the cognitive difficulties evident in pediatric CKD, and lay the foundation for future studies to explore the neural underpinnings for neurocognitive (dys)function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waverly Harrell
- School of Education, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mina Matsuda-Abedini
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- Division of Neurology, B.C. Children's' Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Dlamini N, Wintermark M, Fullerton H, Strother S, Lee W, Bjornson B, Guilliams KP, Miller S, Kirton A, Filippi CG, Linds A, Askalan R, deVeber G. Harnessing Neuroimaging Capability in Pediatric Stroke: Proceedings of the Stroke Imaging Laboratory for Children Workshop. Pediatr Neurol 2017; 69:3-10. [PMID: 28259513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
On June 5, 2015 the International Pediatric Stroke Study and the Stroke Imaging Laboratory for Children cohosted a unique workshop focused on developing neuroimaging research in pediatric stroke. Pediatric neurologists, neuroradiologists, interventional neuroradiologists, physicists, nurse practitioners, neuropsychologists, and imaging research scientists from around the world attended this one-day meeting. Our objectives were to (1) establish a group of experts to collaborate in advancing pediatric neuroimaging for stroke, (2) develop consensus clinical and research magnetic resonance imaging protocols for pediatric stroke patients, and (3) develop imaging-based research strategies in pediatric ischemic stroke. This article provides a summary of the meeting proceedings focusing on identified challenges and solutions and outcomes from the meeting. Further details on the workshop contents and outcomes are provided in three additional articles in the current issue of Pediatric Neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomazulu Dlamini
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Max Wintermark
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Heather Fullerton
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen Strother
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne Lee
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristin P Guilliams
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Steven Miller
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher G Filippi
- Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; Department of Neurology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Alexandra Linds
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rand Askalan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle deVeber
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Garg A, Wong D, Popuri K, Poskitt KJ, Fitzpatrick K, Bjornson B, Grunau RE, Beg MF. Manually segmented template library for 8-year-old pediatric brain MRI data with 16 subcortical structures. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2014; 1:034502. [PMID: 26158067 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.1.3.034502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Manual segmentation of anatomy in brain MRI data taken to be the closest to the "gold standard" in quality is often used in automated registration-based segmentation paradigms for transfer of template labels onto the unlabeled MRI images. This study presents a library of template data with 16 subcortical structures in the central brain area which were manually labeled for MRI data from 22 children (8 male, [Formula: see text]). The lateral ventricle, thalamus, caudate, putamen, hippocampus, cerebellum, third vevntricle, fourth ventricle, brainstem, and corpuscallosum were segmented by two expert raters. Cross-validation experiments with randomized template subset selection were conducted to test for their ability to accurately segment MRI data under an automated segmentation pipeline. A high value of the dice similarity coefficient ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and small Hausdorff distance ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) of the automated segmentation against the manual labels was obtained on this template library data. Additionally, comparison with segmentation obtained from adult templates showed significant improvement in accuracy with the use of an age-matched library in this cohort. A manually delineated pediatric template library such as the one described here could provide a useful benchmark for testing segmentation algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanmeet Garg
- Simon Fraser University , School of Engineering Science, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1M4, Canada
| | - Darren Wong
- University of British Columbia , Department of Radiology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Karteek Popuri
- Simon Fraser University , School of Engineering Science, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1M4, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Poskitt
- University of British Columbia , Department of Radiology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kevin Fitzpatrick
- University of British Columbia , Department of Pediatrics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada ; Child and Family Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- University of British Columbia , Department of Pediatrics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada ; Child and Family Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Ruth E Grunau
- University of British Columbia , Department of Pediatrics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada ; Child and Family Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- Simon Fraser University , School of Engineering Science, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1M4, Canada
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8
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Eddin AS, Wang J, Wu W, Sargolzaei S, Bjornson B, Jones RA, Gaillard WD, Adjouadi M. The effects of pediatric epilepsy on a language connectome. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5996-6010. [PMID: 25082062 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a new approach for assessing the effects of pediatric epilepsy on a language connectome. Two novel data-driven network construction approaches are presented. These methods rely on connecting different brain regions using either extent or intensity of language related activations as identified by independent component analysis of fMRI. An auditory word definition decision task paradigm was used to activate the language network for 29 patients and 30 controls. Evaluations illustrated that pediatric epilepsy is associated with a network efficiency reduction. Patients showed a propensity to inefficiently use the whole brain network to perform the language task; whereas, controls seemed to efficiently use smaller segregated network components to achieve the same task. To explain the causes of the decreased efficiency, graph theoretical analysis was performed. The analysis revealed substantial global network feature differences between the patients and controls for the extent of activation network. It also showed that for both subject groups the language network exhibited small-world characteristics; however, the patient's extent of activation network showed a tendency toward randomness. It was also shown that the intensity of activation network displayed ipsilateral hub reorganization on the local level. We finally showed that a clustering scheme was able to fairly separate the subjects into their respective patient or control groups. The clustering was initiated using local and global nodal measurements. Compared to the intensity of activation network, the extent of activation network clustering demonstrated better precision. This ascertained that the network differences presented by the networks were associated with pediatric epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Salah Eddin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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9
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Ranger M, Chau CMY, Garg A, Woodward TS, Beg MF, Bjornson B, Poskitt K, Fitzpatrick K, Synnes AR, Miller SP, Grunau RE. Neonatal pain-related stress predicts cortical thickness at age 7 years in children born very preterm. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76702. [PMID: 24204657 PMCID: PMC3800011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered brain development is evident in children born very preterm (24–32 weeks gestational age), including reduction in gray and white matter volumes, and thinner cortex, from infancy to adolescence compared to term-born peers. However, many questions remain regarding the etiology. Infants born very preterm are exposed to repeated procedural pain-related stress during a period of very rapid brain development. In this vulnerable population, we have previously found that neonatal pain-related stress is associated with atypical brain development from birth to term-equivalent age. Our present aim was to evaluate whether neonatal pain-related stress (adjusted for clinical confounders of prematurity) is associated with altered cortical thickness in very preterm children at school age. Methods 42 right-handed children born very preterm (24–32 weeks gestational age) followed longitudinally from birth underwent 3-D T1 MRI neuroimaging at mean age 7.9 yrs. Children with severe brain injury and major motor/sensory/cognitive impairment were excluded. Regional cortical thickness was calculated using custom developed software utilizing FreeSurfer segmentation data. The association between neonatal pain-related stress (defined as the number of skin-breaking procedures) accounting for clinical confounders (gestational age, illness severity, infection, mechanical ventilation, surgeries, and morphine exposure), was examined in relation to cortical thickness using constrained principal component analysis followed by generalized linear modeling. Results After correcting for multiple comparisons and adjusting for neonatal clinical factors, greater neonatal pain-related stress was associated with significantly thinner cortex in 21/66 cerebral regions (p-values ranged from 0.00001 to 0.014), predominately in the frontal and parietal lobes. Conclusions In very preterm children without major sensory, motor or cognitive impairments, neonatal pain-related stress appears to be associated with thinner cortex in multiple regions at school age, independent of other neonatal risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ranger
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecil M. Y. Chau
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanmeet Garg
- Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd S. Woodward
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce Bjornson
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Poskitt
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Fitzpatrick
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne R. Synnes
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s and Women’s Hospitals, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven P. Miller
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth E. Grunau
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s and Women’s Hospitals, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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Len TK, Neary JP, Asmundson GJG, Candow DG, Goodman DG, Bjornson B, Bhambhani YN. Serial monitoring of CO2 reactivity following sport concussion using hypocapnia and hypercapnia. Brain Inj 2013; 27:346-53. [PMID: 23438354 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2012.743185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). RESEARCH DESIGN A repeated measures design was used to examine serial changes in CVR. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Twenty subjects who recently suffered a mTBI were subjected to a respiratory challenge consisting of repeated 20 s breath-holds (BH) and hyperventilations (HV). Testing occurred on days 2 (D2), 4 (D4) and 8 (D8) post-injury as well as a baseline (BASE) assessment (after return-to-play). Transcranial Doppler was used to assess mean cerebral blood velocity (vMCA) and expired gas analysis provided end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) levels. RESULTS There was no significant difference in resting vMCA across all testing days for mTBI. No significant differences in PETCO2 were found throughout the testing protocol. A significant effect (p < 0.001) of testing day on vMCA was found during BH and HV challenges for mTBI. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in vMCA between D2 and the other testing days. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that, following mTBI: (1) CVR is not impaired at rest; (2) CVR is impaired in response to respiratory stress; and (3) the impairment may be resolved as early as 4 days post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor K Len
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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11
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Wang J, You X, Wu W, Guillen MR, Cabrerizo M, Sullivan J, Donner E, Bjornson B, Gaillard WD, Adjouadi M. Classification of fMRI patterns--a study of the language network segregation in pediatric localization related epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:1446-60. [PMID: 23450847 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes a pattern classification algorithm for pediatric epilepsy using fMRI language-related activation maps. 122 fMRI datasets from a control group (64) and localization related epilepsy patients (58) provided by five children's hospitals were used. Each subject performed an auditory description decision task. Using the artificial data as training data, incremental Principal Component Analysis was used in order to generate the feature space while overcoming memory requirements of large datasets. The nearest-neighbor classifier (NNC) and the distance-based fuzzy classifier (DFC) were used to perform group separation into left dominant, right dominant, bilateral, and others. The results show no effect of age, age at seizure onset, seizure duration, or seizure etiology on group separation. Two sets of parameters were significant for group separation, the patient vs. control populations and handedness. Of the 122 real datasets, 90 subjects gave the same classification results across all the methods (three raters, LI, bootstrap LI, NNC, and DFC). For the remaining datasets, 18 cases for the IPCA-NNC and 21 cases for the IPCA-DFC agreed with the majority of the five classification results (three visual ratings and two LI results). Kappa values vary from 0.59 to 0.73 for NNC and 0.61 to 0.75 for DFC, which indicate good agreement between NNC or DFC with traditional methods. The proposed method as designed can serve as an alternative method to corroborate existing LI and visual rating classification methods and to resolve some of the cases near the boundaries in between categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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12
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Partanen M, Fitzpatrick K, Mädler B, Edgell D, Bjornson B, Giaschi DE. Cortical basis for dichotic pitch perception in developmental dyslexia. Brain Lang 2012; 123:104-112. [PMID: 23043968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined auditory processing deficits in dyslexia using a dichotic pitch stimulus and functional MRI. Cortical activation by the dichotic pitch task occurred in bilateral Heschl's gyri, right planum temporale, and right superior temporal sulcus. Adolescents with dyslexia, relative to age-matched controls, illustrated greater activity in left Heschl's gyrus for random noise, less activity in right Heschl's gyrus for all auditory conditions, and less activity in right superior temporal sulcus for a dichotic melody. Subsequent analyses showed that these group differences were attributable to dyslexic readers who performed poorly on the psychophysical task. Furthermore, behavioral performance on phonological reading was correlated to activity from dichotic conditions in right Heschl's gyrus and right superior temporal sulcus. It is postulated that these differences between reader groups is primarily due to a noise exclusion deficit shown previously in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Partanen
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak St., Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.
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13
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You X, Adjouadi M, Wang J, Guillen MR, Bernal B, Sullivan J, Donner E, Bjornson B, Berl M, Gaillard WD. A decisional space for fMRI pattern separation using the principal component analysis--a comparative study of language networks in pediatric epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:2330-42. [PMID: 22461299 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) language patterns may be identified by visual inspection or by region of interest (ROI)-based laterality indices (LI) but are constrained by a priori assumptions. We compared a data-driven novel application of principal component analysis (PCA) to conventional methods. We studied 122 fMRI data sets from control and localization-related epilepsy patients provided by five children's hospitals. Each subject performed an auditory description decision task. The data sets, acquired with different scanners but similar acquisition parameters, were processed through fMRIB software library to obtain 3D activation maps in standard space. A PCA analysis was applied to generate the decisional space and the data cluster into three distinct activation patterns. The classified activation maps were interpreted by (1) blinded reader rating based on predefined language patterns and (2) by language area ROI-based LI (i.e., fixed threshold vs. bootstrap approaches). The different classification results were compared through κ inter-rater agreement statistics. The unique decisional space classified activation maps into three clusters (a) lower intensity typical language representation, (b) higher intensity typical, as well as (c) higher intensity atypical representation. Inter-rater agreements among the three raters were excellent (Fleiss κ = 0.85, P = 0.05). There was substantial to excellent agreement between the conventional visual rating and LI methods (κ = 0.69-0.82, P = 0.05). The PCA-based method yielded excellent agreement with conventional methods (κ = 0.82, P = 0.05). The automated and data-driven PCA decisional space segregates language-related activation patterns in excellent agreement with current clinical rating and ROI-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 W. Flagler St., Miami, FL 33174, USA
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14
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You X, Adjouadi M, Guillen MR, Ayala M, Barreto A, Rishe N, Sullivan J, Dlugos D, Vanmeter J, Morris D, Donner E, Bjornson B, Smith ML, Bernal B, Berl M, Gaillard WD. Sub-patterns of language network reorganization in pediatric localization related epilepsy: a multisite study. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 32:784-99. [PMID: 21484949 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the neural networks reorganization in pediatric epilepsy, a consortium of imaging centers was established to collect functional imaging data. Common paradigms and similar acquisition parameters were used. We studied 122 children (64 control and 58 LRE patients) across five sites using EPI BOLD fMRI and an auditory description decision task. After normalization to the MNI atlas, activation maps generated by FSL were separated into three sub-groups using a distance method in the principal component analysis (PCA)-based decisional space. Three activation patterns were identified: (1) the typical distributed network expected for task in left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's) and along left superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's) (60 controls, 35 patients); (2) a variant left dominant pattern with greater activation in IFG, mesial left frontal lobe, and right cerebellum (three controls, 15 patients); and (3) activation in the right counterparts of the first pattern in Broca's area (one control, eight patients). Patients were over represented in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.0004). There were no scanner (P = 0.4) or site effects (P = 0.6). Our data-driven method for fMRI activation pattern separation is independent of a priori notions and bias inherent in region of interest and visual analyses. In addition to the anticipated atypical right dominant activation pattern, a sub-pattern was identified that involved intensity and extent differences of activation within the distributed left hemisphere language processing network. These findings suggest a different, perhaps less efficient, cognitive strategy for LRE group to perform the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen You
- College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, 10555 W. Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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15
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Giaschi D, Zwicker A, Young SA, Lee B, Bjornson B. The role of area V5/MT+ in the centripetal bias in global motion perception. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Giaschi D, Bjornson B, Jan J, Tata M, Young SA, Lyons CJ, Good WV, Wong PKH. Conscious visual abilities in a patient with early bilateral occipital damage. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Billinghurst L, Bjornson B, Booth F, Camfield C, David M, Gillett J, Humphreys P, Jardine L, Langevin P, MacDonald E, Meaney B, Prieur B, Shevell M, Sinclair D, Wood E, Yager J, Adams C, Andrew M, Deveber G. FP28-TU-04 Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and common childhood illness. J Neurol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(09)70417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Lehman AM, Schultz KR, Poskitt K, Bjornson B, Keyes R, Waters PJ, Clarke LA, Everett R, McConnell D, Stockler S. Intracranial calcification after cord blood neonatal transplantation for krabbe disease. Neuropediatrics 2009; 40:189-91. [PMID: 20135576 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Infantile-onset Krabbe disease results from a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase and leads to death from profound central and peripheral demyelination. Neonatal hematopoietic cell transplantation may result in near-normal cognitive development and partial rescue of gross motor development. The long-term course of the disorder for treated patients seems to involve slowly progressive neurological impairment. We describe the detailed 3-year outcomes of this experimental procedure using umbilical cord blood in a prenatally-diagnosed newborn with Krabbe disease. Substantial perivascular calcifications and atrophy of the white matter developed in the first year post-transplantation. Despite persistent neuroradiological and electrophysiological evidence of leukodystrophy, at age 3 years she has had only mildly impaired non-motor development and moderately impaired motor skills. The cause of these severe white matter changes may have been due to ongoing Krabbe disease or to effects of the chemotherapy regimen or to an interaction of these factors. Extended long-term follow-up of children neonatally transplanted for Krabbe disease is needed before the full utility and limitations of neonatal transplantation can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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19
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Giaschi D, Zwicker A, Young SA, Bjornson B. The role of cortical area V5/MT+ in speed-tuned directional anisotropies in global motion perception. Vision Res 2007; 47:887-98. [PMID: 17306855 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several different directional anisotropies have been found in global motion perception. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the motion sensitive cortical area V5/MT+ in directional anisotropies for translational flow fields. Experiments 1 and 2 tested direction discrimination and detection of moving random dot patterns. When the speed of motion was 8 deg/s, lower coherence thresholds were found for centripetal relative to centrifugal hemifield motion. When the speed of motion was 1 deg/s, coherence thresholds were similar in all directions. Experiment 3 used fMRI to measure the BOLD response to different directions of motion at speeds of 1 and 8 deg/s. Greater activity was found in V5/MT+ for centripetal motion than for centrifugal motion at both speeds. These results suggest that V5/MT+ does play a role in directional motion anisotropies. This role is discussed with respect to visually-guided reaching and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Giaschi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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20
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Giaschi D, Edwards V, Young SA, Bjornson B. Asymmetrical cortical activation by global motion in children with dyslexia. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Brooks BP, Kleta R, Stuart C, Tuchman M, Jeong A, Stergiopoulos SG, Bei T, Bjornson B, Russell L, Chanoine JP, Tsagarakis S, Kalsner L, Stratakis C. Genotypic heterogeneity and clinical phenotype in triple A syndrome: a review of the NIH experience 2000-2005. Clin Genet 2005; 68:215-21. [PMID: 16098009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Triple A syndrome (AAAS, OMIM#231550) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by adrenal insufficiency, achalasia, alacrima, neurodegeneration and autonomic dysfunction. Mutations in the AAAS gene on chromosome 12q13 have been reported in several subjects with AAAS. Over the last 5 years, we have evaluated six subjects with the clinical diagnosis of AAAS. Three subjects had mutations in the AAAS gene-- including one novel mutation (IVS8+1 G>A)-- and a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. However, three subjects with classic AAAS did not have mutations in the AAAS gene on both alleles. This finding supports the notion of genetic heterogeneity for this disorder, although other genetic mechanisms cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Brooks
- Office of the Scientific Director, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Giaschi D, Jan JE, Bjornson B, Young SA, Tata M, Lyons CJ, Good WV, Wong PKH. Conscious visual abilities in a patient with early bilateral occipital damage. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45:772-81. [PMID: 14580134 DOI: 10.1017/s0012162203001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 21-year-old male presented with occipital lobes that were extensively damaged by bilateral infarcts present at birth. The absence of the striate cortex was confirmed with anatomic and functional MRI and high-resolution EEG. His cortical visual impairment was severe, but he retained a remarkable ability to see fast-moving stimuli. Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus could be elicited from either eye. Resolution acuity was close to normal providing the patient was allowed to move his head and eyes. The direction of motion in random-dot patterns could be discriminated with perfect accuracy at speeds above 2 deg/s, and the patient reported that he could 'see' the motion at fast but not at slow speeds. This conscious residual vision for motion is known as Riddoch's phenomenon, but it has never been reported in the complete absence of the striate cortex. Functional neuroimaging revealed activation that was outside the motion-responsive regions of the extrastriate cortex. This case demonstrates remarkable plasticity in the human visual system and may have implications for understanding the functional organization of the motion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Giaschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.
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Abstract
A 21-year-old male presented with occipital lobes that were extensively damaged by bilateral infarcts present at birth. The absence of the striate cortex was confirmed with anatomic and functional MRI and high-resolution EEG. His cortical visual impairment was severe, but he retained a remarkable ability to see fast-moving stimuli. Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus could be elicited from either eye. Resolution acuity was close to normal providing the patient was allowed to move his head and eyes. The direction of motion in random-dot patterns could be discriminated with perfect accuracy at speeds above 2 deg/s, and the patient reported that he could 'see' the motion at fast but not at slow speeds. This conscious residual vision for motion is known as Riddoch's phenomenon, but it has never been reported in the complete absence of the striate cortex. Functional neuroimaging revealed activation that was outside the motion-responsive regions of the extrastriate cortex. This case demonstrates remarkable plasticity in the human visual system and may have implications for understanding the functional organization of the motion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Giaschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.
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Mikula R, Munoz V, Wang N, Bjornson B, Cox D, Moisan B, Wiwchar K. Characterization of Bitumen Properties Using Microscopy and Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Processability of Oxidized or Degraded Ores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.2118/03-08-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oxidized or degraded oil sands can exhibit poor processability, which is often not correlated with the fines or clay contents in the ore. Chemical markers (such as low pH and high soluble iron and calcium) for oil sands oxidation are sometimes not present even though significant changes in bitumen properties may have occurred. In these cases, changes in bitumen chemistry have been successfully quantified using microscopic techniques developed at CANMET. More recently, an on-line tool using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which correlates with the CANMET microscopic method, has been developed with Suncor Energy Inc. An on-line technique based on NIR that can quantify the amount of degraded ore coming to the extraction plant from Suncor Energy Inc.'s Steepbank mine will be useful in effectively controlling additions of process aids for treating oxidized or degraded ores.
This paper discusses the processability of oxidized or degraded ores along with a microscopic method for identifying oxidized ore and its correlation with the NIR spectroscopic technique.
Introduction
Oil sands processing efficiency is dependent upon many factors, including the quality of the ore. The operating companies have developed correlations between extraction recovery and bitumen and fines content in the ore. These correlations generally fit observed processability, but often ores are encountered with recoveries that fall well outside these simple relationships. These are variously known as bad ores, problem ores, type X ores, or ores with a high misery factor (the misery due to the loss in recovery or to the "difficult to settle" tailings). Detailed characterization can reveal the reasons for such poor processing behaviour and they can sometimes be traced to unusual water chemistries or unusual clay properties. Often, however, changes in bitumen chemistry can be the source of the problem, and this is the focus of the present discussion. Bitumen oxidation and its negative impact on processability has been extensively studied, mostly on stockpiled or stored samples(1–7). Experience at Suncor Energy Inc.'s Steepbank mine has shown that bitumen changes that may have occurred in geological time frames can also be important in determining processability(8–10).
Steepbank Sampling
During the commissioning of the Suncor Energy Inc. Steepbank mine, areas of ore were identified that created processing difficulties, in particular high froth densities. The high froth densities resulted in problems in downstream facilities where high solids content in the froth resulted in overloading of the froth treatment centrifuges. These effects were quickly identified with certain areas of the mine and a sampling program was undertaken to identify the causes of the poor processability. The ores linked to the poor processability were generally high-grade ores containing in excess of 12% w/w bitumen (occasionally >14% w/w) with low fines content, that do not fit the normal profile for poorly processing ores. Cryogenic sampling of the froths in the commercialscale separation cell was carried out in order to help identify the cause of the high froth densities. Macroscopic observation of the froths from the problem ores included very large bubble sizes and sometimes a distinct reddish froth colour(9,12).
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Affiliation(s)
- R.J. Mikula
- Natural Resources Canada, Advanced Separation Technologies Laboratory
| | - V.A. Munoz
- Natural Resources Canada, Advanced Separation Technologies Laboratory
| | - N. Wang
- Natural Resources Canada, Advanced Separation Technologies Laboratory
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deVeber G, Andrew M, Adams C, Bjornson B, Booth F, Buckley DJ, Camfield CS, David M, Humphreys P, Langevin P, MacDonald EA, Gillett J, Meaney B, Shevell M, Sinclair DB, Yager J. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:417-23. [PMID: 11496852 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200108093450604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children is a serious disorder, and information is needed about its prevention and treatment. METHODS The Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry was initiated in 1992 at the 16 pediatric tertiary care centers in Canada. Children (newborn to 18 years of age) with symptoms and radiographic confirmation of sinovenous thrombosis were included. RESULTS During the first six years of the registry, 160 consecutive children with sinovenous thrombosis were enrolled, and the incidence of the disorder was 0.67 cases per 100,000 children per year. Neonates were most commonly affected. Fifty-eight percent of the children had seizures, 76 percent had diffuse neurologic signs, and 42 percent had focal neurologic signs. Risk factors included head and neck disorders (in 29 percent), acute systemic illnesses (in 54 percent), chronic systemic diseases (in 36 percent), and prothrombotic states (in 41 percent). Venous infarcts occurred in 41 percent of the children. Fifty-three percent of the children received antithrombotic agents. Neurologic deficits were present in 38 percent of the children, and 8 percent died; half the deaths were due to sinovenous thrombosis. Predictors of adverse neurologic outcomes were seizures at presentation and venous infarcts. CONCLUSIONS Sinovenous thrombosis in children affects primarily neonates and results in neurologic impairment or death in approximately half the cases. The occurrence of venous infarcts or seizures portends a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G deVeber
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Packard AB, Roach PJ, Davis RT, Carmant L, Davis R, Riviello J, Holmes G, Barnes PD, O'Tuama LA, Bjornson B, Treves ST. Ictal and interictal technetium-99m-bicisate brain SPECT in children with refractory epilepsy. J Nucl Med 1996; 37:1101-6. [PMID: 8965177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Identification of epileptogenic foci in patients with refractory epilepsy remains a significant diagnostic challenge. Magnetic resonance imaging studies frequently fail to reveal an anatomic origin for the seizures, and scalp electroencephalography is often limited to identification of the involved hemisphere. Functional imaging modalities such as PET and SPECT are more promising tools for this application because they reflect the functional pathology associated with the seizure. These changes are more pronounced ictally, but until recently, no radiopharmaceutical was available that could be used routinely for ictal SPECT. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine whether 99mTc-bicisate could be used in ictal SPECT in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy, to compare the patterns of ictal and interictal blood flow in these patients and to compare the localization information provided by ictal SPECT with that available from other techniques. METHODS Technetium-99m-bicisate/SPECT was compared prospectively with scalp EEG for its ability to identify a possible seizure focus in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. Ictal and interictal SPECT studies were performed in 10 patients (3-19 yr old, mean age 10.9 +/- 4.3 yr; 7 female, 3 male) in whom MRI scans revealed no lesions that might be responsible for the seizures. RESULTS Ictal SPECT was performed in all patients, and all ictal studies revealed focal perfusion abnormalities. By comparison, four of the interictal SPECT studies showed regional hypoperfusion that corresponded to the regions of hyperperfusion in the ictal studies, and three showed regional hyperperfusion corresponding to the hyperperfused regions in the ictal studies. Three interictal studies revealed no abnormal perfusion. Scalp EEG provided localization information in five patients. CONCLUSION These initial results suggest that ictal SPECT with 99mTc-bicisate is a more promising tool for the identification of epileptogenic foci than interictal SPECT or scalp EEG in patients without focal abnormalities on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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O'Tuama LA, Urion DK, Janicek MJ, Treves ST, Bjornson B, Moriarty JM. Regional cerebral perfusion in Landau-Kleffner syndrome and related childhood aphasias. J Nucl Med 1992; 33:1758-65. [PMID: 1383478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of cerebral perfusion may elucidate pathogenesis of Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS). We obtained 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT studies in five children with LKS and in three children with syndromes of verbal-auditory agnosia. In LKS, perfusion showed temporoparietal asymmetry (9.56% +/- 3.44%) (n = 4) or bilateral parietal abnormality (n = 1). SPECT in non-LKS patients was normal (n = 1), showed (n = 1) totihemispheral hypoperfusion accompanying structural abnormality or (n = 1) a pattern resembling but distinct from LKS. Seizures in LKS patients had never occurred (n = 1), were controlled satisfactorily (n = 2), or poorly (n = 2). Maximum EEG abnormality was left centrotemoral-occipital (n = 1), left frontocentral (n = 1), bitemporal/left central (n = 1), and left central/parasagittal (n = 1). Asymmetric temporoparietal perfusion appears characteristic of LKS, differing from findings in other childhood linguistic disturbances. This abnormality occurs across a spectrum of seizure expression, diverging from the distribution of EEG abnormalities. The SPECT abnormalities parallel PET-defined LKS metabolic abnormalities, and may indicate central pathogenetic features of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A O'Tuama
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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