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Zhao G, Thompson MR, Zhu Z. Effect of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and UV irradiation on the melt rheology and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Michael R. Thompson
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Zhirong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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2
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Chen K, Cai H, Zhang H, Zhu H, Gu Z, Gong Q, Luo K. Stimuli-responsive polymer-doxorubicin conjugate: Antitumor mechanism and potential as nano-prodrug. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:339-355. [PMID: 30503561 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates has significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and alleviated their side effects. N-(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl) methacrylamide (DHPMA) copolymer was synthesized via RAFT polymerization and polymer-doxorubicin (DOX) (diblock pDHPMA-DOX) were formed by conjugation, resulting in a self-aggregation-induced nanoprodrug with a favorable size of 21 nm and great stability. The nanoprodrug with a molecular weight (MW) of 95 kDa released drugs in response to tumor microenvironmental pH variations and they were enzymatically hydrolyzed into low MW segments (45 kDa). The nanoprodrug was transported through the endolysosomal pathway, released the drug into the cytoplasm and some was localized in the mitochondria, resulting in disruption of the cellular actin cytoskeleton. Cellular apoptosis was also associated with reduction in the mitochondrial potential caused by the nanoprodrug. Notably, the nanoprodrug had a significantly prolonged blood circulation time with an elimination half time of 9.8 h, displayed high accumulation within tumors, and improved the in vivo therapeutic efficacy against 4T1 xenograft tumors compared to free DOX. The tumor xenograft immunohistochemistry study clearly indicated tumor inhibition was through the inhibition of cell proliferation and antiangiogenic effects. Our studies demonstrated that the diblock pDHPMA-DOX nanoprodrug with a controlled molecular structure is promising to alleviate adverse effects of free DOX and have a great potential as an efficient anticancer agent. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we prepared a biodegradable diblock DHPMA polymer-doxorubicin conjugate via one-pot of RAFT polymerization and conjugate chemistry. The conjugate-based nanoprodrug was internalized by endocytosis to intracellularly release DOX and further induce disruption of mitochondrial functions, actin cytoskeleton alterations and cellular apoptosis. The nanoprodrug with a high molecular weight (MW) (95 kDa) showed a long blood circulation time and achieved high accumulation into tumors. The nanoprodrug was degraded into low MW (∼45 kDa) products below the renal threshold, which ensured its biosafety. Additionally, the multi-stimuli-responsive nanoprodrug demonstrated an enhanced antitumor efficacy against 4T1 breast tumors and alleviated side effects, showing a great potential as an efficient and safe anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocess Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, CA 91711, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Khutoryanskiy VV. Beyond PEGylation: Alternative surface-modification of nanoparticles with mucus-inert biomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:140-149. [PMID: 28736302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a highly hydrated viscoelastic gel present on various moist surfaces in our body including the eyes, nasal cavity, mouth, gastrointestinal, respiratory and reproductive tracts. It serves as a very efficient barrier that prevents harmful particles, viruses and bacteria from entering the human body. However, the protective function of the mucus also hampers the diffusion of drugs and nanomedicines, which dramatically reduces their efficiency. Functionalisation of nanoparticles with low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGylation) is one of the strategies to enhance their penetration through mucus. Recently a number of other polymers were explored as alternatives to PEGylation. These alternatives include poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines), polysarcosine, poly(vinyl alcohol), other hydroxyl-containing non-ionic water-soluble polymers, zwitterionic polymers (polybetaines) and mucolytic enzymes. This review discusses the studies reporting the use of these polymers or potential application to facilitate mucus permeation of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, RG6 6AD Reading, United Kingdom.
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4
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Elkin I, Banquy X, Barrett CJ, Hildgen P. Non-covalent formulation of active principles with dendrimers: Current state-of-the-art and prospects for further development. J Control Release 2017; 264:288-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Pohlit H, Leibig D, Frey H. Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylates with Cleavable Ketal Sites: Precursors for Cleavable PEG-Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Mainz; Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudinger Weg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Daniel Leibig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudinger Weg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Bayley D, Sancho MR, Brown J, Brookman L, Petrak K, Goddard P, Steward A. Soluble Polymeric Carriers for Drug Delivery - Part 6: Preparation and Biodistribution of N5-Hydroxyethyl-L-Glutamine-co-L-Glutamic Acid Copolymers in Rats. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159300800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to examine the biodistribution of poly( N5-hydroxyethyl-L-glutamine- co-L-glutamic acid) [poly(HEG- co-GA)] after intravenous administration to rats. Poly(γ-methyl-L-glutamate- co-γ-benzyl-L- glutamate) was prepared by ring-opening polymerization of the amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) derivatives. Sequential removal of the copolymer benzyl groups followed by reaction of the methyl ester groups with 2-amino ethanol gave poly(HEG- co-GA). Three samples of poly(HEG-co-GA) were pre pared with nominal HEG:GA compositions of 50:50, 95:5 and 90:10 mole %, and with weight average molecular weights ( Mw) of 37,000, 50,000 and 110,000 respectively. Following reaction with N-2[4-hydroxyphenyl]ethylamine (tyra mine), the copolymers were radioiodinated with 125 I and administered intra venously to male Wistar rats. 125 I-copolymer tissue distribution was assessed after 10, 15, 30 and 120 min and 8 h. It was found that the copolymer was removed rapidly from the blood compartment and excreted from the body via the kidneys. Only very low amounts of radioactivity were found in the liver and in other organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Degradation of the co polymer in vitro, as assessed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), in plasma and urine over the time scale of the biodistribution experiment ap peared to be minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Bayley
- Department of Drug Preformulation and Delivery CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Rose Sancho
- Department of Drug Preformulation and Delivery CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Janet Brown
- Department of Drug Preformulation and Delivery CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Brookman
- Department of Drug Preformulation and Delivery CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Karel Petrak
- Department of Drug Preformulation and Delivery CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Peter Goddard
- Department of Drug Preformulation and Delivery CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Alan Steward
- Department of Drug Preformulation and Delivery CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
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7
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Ambler LE, Brookman L, Brown J, Goddard P, Petrak K. Soluble Polymeric Carriers for Drug Delivery: Part 5: Solution Properties and Biodistribution Behaviour of N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamide-co-N-(2-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]Ethyl) Acrylamide Copolymer Substituted with Cholesterol. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159200700301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and N-(2-[4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl)acrylamide (HPEA) was derivatized with 2-4 mole% of N-(2-[(cholest-5-en-3-yl(3β)oxycarbonyl)oxypropyl]methacrylamide residues (cholesteryl residues). The effect of polymer modification on some of its solution properties, and on its behaviour in vivo in experimental animals, has been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusie E. Ambler
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Unit CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Brookman
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Unit CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Janet Brown
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Unit CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Peter Goddard
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Unit CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
| | - Karel Petrak
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Unit CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 4AB United Kingdom
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8
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Charles CE, Roner MR, Pham N, Miller LC, Black K, Crichton R. Synthesis and Preliminary Anticancer Results for Polymers From the Reaction of Organotin Dihalides and Thiodiglycolic Acid. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1067021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Synthesis of Organotin Polyamine Ethers Containing Thiamine (Vitamin B1) and Preliminary Ability to Inhibit Select Cancer Cell Lines. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-015-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Carraher CE, Roner MR, Shahi K, Moric-Johnson A, Miller L, Barot G, Battin A, Trang NT, Sookdeo N, Islam Z. Control of Breast Cancer Using Organotin Polymers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Niu L, Li Y, Li Q. Medicinal properties of organotin compounds and their limitations caused by toxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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13
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14
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Feng X, Chaikof EL, Absalon C, Drummond C, Taton D, Gnanou Y. Dendritic Carrier Based on PEG: Design and Degradation of Acid-sensitive Dendrimer-like Poly(ethylene oxide)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1722-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Organotin polyethers are easily synthesized employing interfacial polymerization systems involving the reaction of hydroxyl-containing Lewis bases and organotin halides. A wide variety of organotin-containing polymeric products have been synthesized including those derived from natural and synthetic polymers such as lignin, xylan, cellulose, dextran, and poly(vinyl alcohol). Others have been synthesized employing known drug diols such as dicumarol, DES, and dienestrol and a wide variety of synthetic diols. Included in these materials are the first water soluble organotin polymers. The organotin polyethers exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Some selectively inhibit a number of unwanted bacteria, including Staph. MRSA, and unwanted yeasts such as Candida albicans. Some also inhibit a variety of viruses including those responsible for herpes infections and smallpox. Others show good inhibition of a wide variety of cancer cell lines including cell lines associated with ovarian, colon, lung, prostrate, pancreatic and breast cancer. The synthesis, structural characterization, and biological characterization of these materials is described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Carraher
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Florida Atlantic University, Florida Center for Environmental Studies, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: ; Tel.: +1-561-297-2107; Fax: +1-561-297-2457
| | - Michael R. Roner
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Biology, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; E-Mail:
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16
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Tomlinson R, Klee M, Garrett S, Heller J, Duncan R, Brocchini S. Pendent Chain Functionalized Polyacetals That Display pH-Dependent Degradation: A Platform for the Development of Novel Polymer Therapeutics. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tomlinson
- Biomedical Polymers Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF UK; and A. P. Pharma, 123 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California 94063
| | - Marcus Klee
- Biomedical Polymers Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF UK; and A. P. Pharma, 123 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California 94063
| | - Shane Garrett
- Biomedical Polymers Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF UK; and A. P. Pharma, 123 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California 94063
| | - Jorge Heller
- Biomedical Polymers Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF UK; and A. P. Pharma, 123 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California 94063
| | - Ruth Duncan
- Biomedical Polymers Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF UK; and A. P. Pharma, 123 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California 94063
| | - Steve Brocchini
- Biomedical Polymers Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF UK; and A. P. Pharma, 123 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California 94063
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Abstract
The future of non-viral gene therapy depends on a detailed understanding of the barriers to delivery of polynucleotides. These include physicomechanical barriers, which limit the design of delivery devices, physicochemical barriers that influence self-assembly of colloidal particulate formulations, and biological barriers that compromise delivery of the DNA to its target site. It is important that realistic delivery strategies are adopted for early clinical trials in non-viral gene therapy. In the longer term, it should be possible to improve the efficiency of gene delivery by learning from the attributes which viruses have evolved; attributes that enable translocation of viral components across biological membranes. Assembly of stable, organized virus-like particles will require a higher level of control than current practice. Here, we summarize present knowledge of the biodistribution and cellular interactions of gene delivery systems and consider how improvements in gene delivery will be accomplished in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Pouton
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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18
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Abstract
The future of non-viral gene therapy depends on a detailed understanding of the barriers to delivery of polynucleotides. These include physicomechanical barriers, which limit the design of delivery devices, physicochemical barriers that influence self-assembly of colloidal particulate formulations, and biological barriers that compromise delivery of the DNA to its target site. It is important that realistic delivery strategies are adopted for early clinical trials in non-viral gene therapy. In the longer term, it should be possible to improve the efficiency of gene delivery by learning from the attributes which viruses have evolved; attributes that enable translocation of viral components across biological membranes. Assembly of stable, organized virus-like particles will require a higher level of control than current practice. Here, we summarize present knowledge of the biodistribution and cellular interactions of gene delivery systems and consider how improvements in gene delivery will be accomplished in the future.
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Seymour LW, Miyamoto Y, Maeda H, Brereton M, Strohalm J, Ulbrich K, Duncan R. Influence of molecular weight on passive tumour accumulation of a soluble macromolecular drug carrier. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A:766-70. [PMID: 7640051 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(94)00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The molecular weight-dependence of tumour capture of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers (fractions of mw 22,000-778,000) was studied in vivo using subcutaneous (s.c.) Sarcoma 180 or B16F10 melanoma models. At 10 min, all fractions were already detectable in the tumour (1.5-3% of dose administered per gram) and those of molecular weight greater than the renal threshold showed progressive tumour accumulation up to 20% of dose administered per gram after 72 h in the Sarcoma 180 model. Tumour-selective uptake was confirmed for all copolymer fractions in both tumour models and in the sarcoma 180 model, the ratio (accumulation index, AI) of the AUC in tumour to AUC in skeletal muscle (a typical normal tissue) increasing from six to 12 with increasing copolymer molecular weight. The tumour/blood AI was greater (1-3) in the Sarcoma 180 model than the B16F10 melanoma model (0.4-1.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Seymour
- School of Pharmacy, University of London, Brunswick Square, U.K
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21
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Goddard P, O'Mullane J, Ambler L, Daw A, Brookman L, Lee A, Petrak K. R-[N-acetyl]eglin c:poly(oxyethylene) conjugates: preparation, plasma persistence, and urinary excretion. J Pharm Sci 1991; 80:1171-6. [PMID: 1815077 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600801215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the preparation, purification, and characterization of conjugates of R-[N-acetyl]eglin c (Eglin c) with poly(oxyethylene) (POE; Eglin c:POE). The plasma profile and urinary excretion of the conjugates has been determined after iv administration in mice. The modification of Eglin c with POE does not significantly impair the ability of Eglin c to bind elastase as measured by an in vitro assay. In the best example, 79% of theoretical activity was retained by the conjugate. The in vivo results clearly show that the amount of Eglin c:POE in plasma after iv administration is much higher than comparative doses of unconjugated Eglin c. The time course of the plasma concentration of the conjugate matches closely that of the corresponding free polymer. Consequently, we can expect that higher plasma concentration could be achieved, if and when required, by selecting polymers of appropriate size.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goddard
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Unit, Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K
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