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Ali MA, Semahegn A, Ashenafi W, Legesse H. Workplace gender-based violence among female staff in public higher education institutions in eastern Ethiopia: Institution-based cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003489. [PMID: 39058720 PMCID: PMC11280138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite the global and local efforts, gender-based violence at workplaces has remained a major public health challenge and pervasive human rights violation worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research evidence on gender-based violence in higher educational institutions (HEIs). The main aim of this study was to assess workplace gender-based violence and its associated factors among female staff in public HEIs in eastern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among female staff in public HEIs in eastern Ethiopia. Female staff (n = 391) were recruited using systematic sampling techniques from three HEIs. Data were collected by trained female data collectors using a structured pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Collected data were entered into EpiData and exported to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression statistical analysis were carried out to compute frequencies and odds ratio at 95% confidence interval (CI). The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% CI was used to declare a significant association. Workplace gender-based violence among female staff at HEIs was 63.1% (95% CI: 58-68%). Being within the age group of 18-34 years (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.85), being single (AOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.32-3.80), divorced (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.03-5.03), working the night shifts (AOR:5.73, 95% CI: 1.87-17.58), Being aware of the reporting procedures of violent incidents (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01-2.49) and worried for being a victim of violence (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.86) were the factors associated with workplace gender-based violence against female staff in the public HEIs. Workplace gender-based violence among female staff working in the selected public HEIs was found to be unacceptably high. Awareness-raising campaigns against gender-based violence and reporting procedures in case of violent incidents, enforcing existing policies, orientation to employees, safeguarding the night shift female workers, and survivor support services should be implemented by key stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowlid Abdi Ali
- School of Public Health College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Agumasie Semahegn
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Wondimye Ashenafi
- School of Public Health College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, National Data Management Center for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Legesse
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Vallone F, Zurlo MC. Stress, interpersonal and inter-role conflicts, and psychological health conditions among nurses: vicious and virtuous circles within and beyond the wards. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:197. [PMID: 38600606 PMCID: PMC11007966 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing costs of nurses' occupational-stress, conflicts, and violence within healthcare services have raised international interest. Yet, research/interventions should consider that perceived stress and conflicts- but also potential resources- within the wards can crossover the healthcare settings, impacting nurses' private lives and viceversa, potentially creating vicious circles exacerbating stress, conflicts/violence or, conversely, virtuous circles of psychological/relational wellbeing. Based on the Demands-Resources-and-Individual-Effects (DRIVE) Nurses Model, and responding to the need to go in-depth into this complex dynamic, this study aims to explore potential vicious circles featured by the negative effects of the interplay (main/mediating effects) between perceived stressors in nursing linked to interpersonal conflicts (Conflicts-with-Physicians, Peers, Supervisors, Patients/their families), work-family inter-role conflicts (Work-Family/Family-Work-Conflicts), and work-related stress (Effort-Reward-Imbalance) on nurses' psychological/relational health (Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, Interpersonal-Sensitivity, Hostility). The potential moderating role of work-resources (Job-Control, Social-Support, Job-Satisfaction) in breaking vicious circles/promoting virtuous circles was also explored. METHOD The STROBE Checklist was used to report this cross-sectional multi-centre study. Overall, 265 nurses completed self-report questionnaires. Main/mediating/moderating hypotheses were tested by using Correlational-Analyses and Hayes-PROCESS-tool. RESULTS Data confirmed the hypothesized detrimental vicious circles (main/mediating effects), impairing nurses' psychological health conditions at individual level (Anxiety, Depression, Somatization), but also at relational level (Hostility and Interpersonal-Sensitivity). The moderating role of all work resources was fully supported. CONCLUSION Findings could be used to implement interventions/practices to effectively prevent the maintenance/exacerbation of vicious circles and promote psychological/relational wellbeing in healthcare settings and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vallone
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Via Rodinò 22, Naples, Italy.
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Ekpor E, Kobiah E, Akyirem S. Prevalence and predictors of workplace violence against nurses in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2068. [PMID: 38650728 PMCID: PMC11033334 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Workplace violence (WPV) against nurses is a pervasive global issue, yet the extent of this phenomenon in the African context remains insufficiently explored. This review aimed to synthesize the available literature to identify the prevalence and predictors of WPV against nurses in Africa. Methods A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus, to identify studies published from 2000 to October 2023. The pooled prevalence of WPV and it subtypes were estimated using random-effect meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was quantified with I 2 statistics. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Results This review included 27 studies, involving 9831 nurses. The pooled prevalence of WPV was 62.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.6-72.0). Verbal abuse emerged as the most common form of WPV, with a prevalence rate of 51.2% (95% CI: 41.3-61.1), followed by threat 23.3% (95% CI: 6.5-57.2), bullying 22.9% (95% CI: 14.0-35.2), physical abuse 15.1% (95% CI: 11.0-20.4), and sexual harassment 10.3% (95% CI: 5.9-17. 5). The proportion of WPV varied across geographical areas in Africa; however, the differences were not significant. The predictors of WPV encompassed demographic factors, personal habits, workplace characteristics, and nurses' past experience. Conclusion WPV against nurses is prevalent in Africa and transcends geographical boundaries in this region. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy changes to address this issue in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ekpor
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
- Christian Health Association of GhanaAccraGhana
| | | | - Samuel Akyirem
- Yale School of NursingYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Tawiah PA, Appiah-Brempong E, Okyere P, Adu-Fosu G, Ashinyo ME. Prevalence, risk factors and psychological consequences of workplace violence among health workers in the Greater Accra region, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:563. [PMID: 38388881 PMCID: PMC10882733 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, close to one-third of all workplace violence (WV) occurs in the health sector. Exposure to WV among healthcare professionals in Ghana has been widely speculated, but there is limited evidence on the problem. This study therefore investigated WV, its risk factors, and the psychological consequences experienced by health workers in Ghana. METHODS An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in the Greater Accra region from January 30 to May 31, 2023, involving selected health facilities. The participants for the study were selected using a simple random sampling technique based on probability proportional-to-size. The data analyses were performed using STATA 15 software. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with WV, considering a significance level of p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The study was conducted among 607 healthcare providers and support personnel across 10 public and private hospitals. The lifetime career, and one-year exposure to any form of WV was 414 (68.2%) [95% CI: (64.3-71.9%)] and 363 (59.8%) [95% CI: (55.8-63.7%)], respectively. Compared to other forms of WV, the majority of healthcare workers, 324 (53.4%) experienced verbal abuse within the past year, and a greater proportion, 85 (26.2%) became 'super alert' or vigilant and watchful following incidents of verbal abuse. Factors significantly linked to experiencing any form of WV in the previous 12 months were identified as follows: older age [AOR = 1.11 (1.06, 1.17)], working experience [AOR = 0.91 (0.86, 0.96)], having on-call responsibilities [AOR = 1.75 (1.17, 2.61)], and feeling adequately secure within health facility [AOR = 0.45 (0.26, 0.76)]. CONCLUSION There was high occurrence of WV, and verbal abuse was the most experienced form of WV. Age, work experience, on-call duties, and security within workplace were associated with exposure to WV. Facility-based interventions are urgently needed to curb the incidence of WV, especially verbal abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Apraku Tawiah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health & Safety, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Emmanuel Appiah-Brempong
- Department of Health Promotion & Disability Studies, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Paul Okyere
- Department of Health Promotion & Disability Studies, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Geoffrey Adu-Fosu
- Physiotherapy Unit, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Directorate, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana
| | - Mary Eyram Ashinyo
- Department of Quality Assurance- Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service Headquarters, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gilling's School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ibrahim ME, El-Zoghby SM, Zaghloul NM, Shehata SA, Farghaly RM. Musculoskeletal pain among medical residents: role of workplace safety climate and sexual harassment. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:167. [PMID: 38388888 PMCID: PMC10882788 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace factors are important predictors of occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among different occupational populations. In healthcare, a psychologically unsafe work environment can negatively affect the emotional, physical and psychological well-being of physicians. This study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace violence, sexual harassment and musculoskeletal pain among Egyptian physicians in their years of residency. METHODS We distributed an online self-administered questionnaire to 101 residents working in various healthcare sectors in Egypt. It included sections on demographic data, working conditions, widespread pain index (WPI), pain interference short-form, workplace violence and harassment questionnaire, psychosocial safety climate questionnaire (PSC) and sexual harassment climate questionnaire. RESULTS All residents had at least one painful site on the WPI (range 1-11). The mean WPI was 3.5 ± 2.4, and 39.6% satisfied the criteria of having widespread pain by having at least 4 pain sites. Widespread pain index showed a weak statistically significant negative correlation with workplace PSC score (rho = - 0.272, p = 0.006), and a statistically significant weak positive correlation with the calculated total abuse index (rho = 0.305, p = 0.002). Workplace violence and abuse, as measured by a calculated abuse index was the only significant predictors of widespread pain among residents. CONCLUSION WPV was found to be a predictor of musculoskeletal pain among medical residents. Healthcare organizations need to address WPV by employing preventive strategies to minimize its hazardous effects and ensure a safe working environment for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha E Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Safaa M El-Zoghby
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Nancy M Zaghloul
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Farghaly
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Xie W, Liu M, Okoli CTC, Zeng L, Huang S, Ye X, Liu F, Wang J. Construction and evaluation of a predictive model for compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 148:104613. [PMID: 37839306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compassion fatigue is a syndrome resulting from long-term work-related traumatic event stress exposure of medical staff. The emergency department is considered to be a high-risk, high-intensity and high-stress work environment, with a high prevalence of trauma and violence. Nurses in the emergency department are more prone to compassion fatigue than nurses in other departments. Compassion fatigue not only affects the physical and mental health, and job satisfaction of emergency department nurses, but also causes serious consequences for patients, such as poor patient outcome, medical errors, and increased patient mortality during hospitalization. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to develop and evaluate a predictive model for compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCES The emergency department nurses (N = 1014) were recruited from 21 tertiary hospitals (from Chengdu, Chongqing, Guiyang, Guangzhou and Shanghai) in central, southwestern, southern, and eastern China from July 25, 2022 to October 30, 2022. METHODS Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the potential predictive factors associated with compassion fatigue in emergency department nurses. A nomogram was built based on the predictive factors and internally evaluated using a bootstrap resampling method (1000 bootstrap resamples). The performance of the predictive model was evaluated by measuring the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test and calibration curve. RESULTS The prevalence of compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses was 75.9 %. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictive factors for compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses were working position, job satisfaction, diet habit, sleep hours per day, occupational stress, physical harassment and the level of workplace violence, all of which were identified to create the nomogram. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test indicated that the predictive model was well calibrated (χ2 = 11.520, P = 0.174). The bootstrap-corrected concordance index of nomogram was 0.821 (95 % CI: 0.791-0.851). The calibration curve of the nomogram showed good consistency between the predicted and actual probabilities. CONCLUSIONS A predictive model of compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses has been developed, based on the general demographic, work-related and lifestyle characteristics, occupational stress, and workplace violence, with satisfactory predictive ability. This model can identify emergency department nurses who are at high risk of compassion fatigue. Our study provides an empirical basis for early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention of emergency department nurses at high risk of compassion fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Manli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chizimuzo T C Okoli
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 517 College of Nursing Building, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Li Zeng
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, No. 173 Longdu South Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu City, Sichuan province 610100, China.
| | - Shuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jialin Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan province 611137, China.
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Al-Sayaghi KM. Violence against healthcare workers in the emergency departments of Al-Madinah hospitals, Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2023; 30:307-316. [PMID: 38044976 PMCID: PMC10688582 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_136_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) directed against healthcare workers (HCWs) in healthcare facilities has always been neglected. These occupational hazards have been investigated in recent times and received greater attention from decision-makers. This study aimed to assess the WPV committed against HCWs in the emergency departments (EDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS All the emergency department (ED) healthcare workers (HCW) in the hospitals of Al-Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia, were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study by completing an online questionnaire during May 15 to August 15, 2020. Information sought included characteristics of the participant and workplace, violence, the participants' responses and emotions, the consequences of the WPV incident, and the level of satisfaction with the management of the WPV incident. Data was analyzed using SPSS; Chi-square test was used to assess the association between WPV and various participant and workplace characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis performed to identify independent predictors of work place violence. RESULTS A total of 250 HCW filled the questionnaire. One-third of the participants were victims of at least one violent event, mostly nonphysical. The perpetrators were primarily the patient's companions, and a heavy workload/understaffing or an overcrowded environment was the main cause of the violence. The most frequent reaction was to call the hospital security. The emotions the participants experienced were disappointment, low self-esteem, and sadness. Most victims did not report the WPV incident because they believed that reporting was useless, insignificant, or they were fearful of adverse consequences. CONCLUSION The rate of violence in EDs in Al-Madinah hospitals was lower than expected, and only 33.3% of HCWs had experienced a violent incident in the last year. However, there is a substantial margin for interventions to improve the situation and protect the HCWs in the EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Al-Sayaghi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Nursing Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
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Yan S, Feng J, Gan Y, Wang R, Song X, Luo Z, Han X, Lv C. Prevalence and predictors of workplace violence against emergency physicians in China: a cross-sectional study. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 21:8. [PMID: 36755287 PMCID: PMC9907873 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-022-00784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) is considered a global problem, particularly in the health sector; however, no studies have assessed the national prevalence of WPV against emergency physicians and the associated factors in China. METHODS A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities across China between July 2019 and September 2019. A total of 15 455 emergency physicians were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on WPV and potential associated factors among emergency physicians. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of WPV. RESULTS A total of 14 848 emergency physicians responded effectively (effective response rate: 96.07%). Of the respondents, 90.40%, 51.45%, and 90.00% reported exposure to any type of WPV, physical or nonphysical violence in the preceding year, respectively. Verbal aggression (87.25%) was the most common form of violence, followed by threat (71.09%), physical assault (48.24%), verbal sexual harassment (38.13%), and sexual assault (19.37%). Patients' families were the main perpetrators of these incidents. Unmet patient needs, taking drugs or drinking, and long waiting times were the main contributors to WPV. Physicians who were from low-developed regions, female, and without shift work were less likely to have experienced any type of WPV. Chinese emergency physicians who were from medium-developed regions, had a bachelor's degree, worked in a higher level hospital, had a higher professional title, with lower incomes, had a history of hypertension or coronary heart disease, were smokers or drinkers, and worked in hospitals without preventive measures or training for WPV and not encouraging to report WPV were more likely to have experienced any type of WPV. The predictors of WPV varied in different types of WPV. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the prevalence of WPV against emergency physicians is high in China. Measures should be taken at the physicians, patients, hospital, and national levels to protect GPs from WPV; for example, improving physicians' level of service and hospital' reporting procedures. Creating a prevention strategy and providing a safer workplace environment for emergency physicians should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rixing Wang
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xingyue Song
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiqian Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32 Yi Huan Lu Xi Er Duan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Vyas S, Saini RS, Semwal J, Sharma N, Chaturvedi M, Ansari MWF. Are Health Caregivers safe from workplace violence? A cross sectional study on workplace safety from Tertiary Care Hospital of Uttarakhand. INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of workplace violence in the healthcare sector is a problem that is frequently ignored and underreported. The performance of healthcare workers who have been the target of violence may suffer, which may have a negative effect on patient satisfaction and health. Aims & Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV), risk factors for violence against healthcare workers, and their experiences regarding the same. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 157 hospital staff at Tertiary Care Medical College of Uttarakhand. Data was gathered using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire that was modified from the ILO, ICN, WHO, and PSI. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Results: Factors like age, gender, job profile, lesser work experience, night shifts, and fewer staff on duty were found to have a positive association with workplace violence. It was observed that the majority of incidents took place in the ward, and the patient’s relatives were the attacker in most of the cases. It was also seen that the majority of Hospital staff did not get bothered by the incident except by staying super alert while dealing with other patients or their relatives. Conclusion: The study concludes that while caring for patients, Hospital staff are at risk of being victims of aggressive and violent situations. To reduce this problem, strategies like training staff in order to handle such incidents in the future should be brought into practice. Laws should be made stricter & assaulting staff on duty should be made a cognizable offense with serious consequences & heavy penalties. Also, the young budding MBBS students should be trained by incorporating these strategies, laws & policies in the CBME curriculum
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Assil AO, Salem AA, Mokhtar OA, Taha OH, Ramadan AM, Mansour AHR, Awad AAE, El-Hossainy AA, Khattab AA, Salem AM, Dalaab AEA, Azab SMS. Workplace violence at emergency departments, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1437. [PMID: 36443795 PMCID: PMC9706819 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and forms of workplace violence (WPV) at the emergency departments (EDs) of Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUH), Cairo and identify risk factors for WPV. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the EDs of ASUH comprising attending physicians and nurses using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with patients and relatives attending these departments to explore attitudes toward WPV against healthcare workers. RESULTS The present study comprised 108 healthcare professionals working in EDs. Verbal violence was the most common type of WPV (86.1%), followed by sexual (48.1%) and physical violence (34.3%). Patient relatives were the most common perpetrator of all types of violence. A lack of facilities was the most common risk factor for violence (82.4%), followed by overcrowding (50.9%) and patient culture (47.2%). On the other hand, approximately 78% of interviewed patients and relatives agreed that the occurrence of violence at EDs was due to several triggering factors, including improper manner of communication by healthcare workers (63.2%), lack of facilities (32.4%), waiting time (22.1%), and unmet expectations (22.1%). CONCLUSION WPV represents a significant issue in EDs with violent behavior against healthcare workers widely accepted by attending patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf O Assil
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonya M S Azab
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elsaid NMAB, Ibrahim O, Abdel-Fatah ZF, Hassan HA, Hegazy MH, Anwar MM, Soliman HH. Violence against healthcare workers during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Egypt: a cross-sectional study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2022; 12:45. [PMID: 36259083 PMCID: PMC9560887 DOI: 10.1186/s41935-022-00304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Healthcare workers are on the front lines of COVID-19 and are subject to risks. A rise in the cases of violence and aggressiveness against HCWs has been observed worldwide, adding to the already existing burnout. The purpose of this research is to determine the prevalence of workplace violence, its risk variables, and the pattern of violence directed towards healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The research used a cross-sectional analytic design. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify research participants using an online survey. Form’s link was distributed to accessible social media groups such as Facebook and WhatsApp from July 2020 to the end of October 2020. A self-administered structured survey was adapted from the World Health Organization survey questionnaire about violence in healthcare settings. The Google Form’s link was distributed to the social media groups until the total sample of 405 was collected.
Results
During the COVID-19 pandemic, workplace violence against Egyptian healthcare workers was prevalent (63.2%). The most prevailing type of violence among the exposed participants was verbal violence (87.9%). Violence is more common in the (< 40 years old) age group (80.9% of exposed healthcare workers). Violence was more statistically significant against females (60.5% of the exposed healthcare workers) (p-value = 0.023). Regarding the work specialty, violence was more committed against physicians (84.3% of exposed healthcare workers) than nurses (12.8% of exposed healthcare workers). The primary perpetrators of violence were the patient’s family (74.6%). The majority of the exposed HCWs (96%) reported no physical injury from the violent event, and 71.5% deemed the violent incident preventable. The majority (90.6%) of HCWs exposed to violent incidents declared non-reporting.
Conclusions
Effective risk communication at all levels of society is critical for reducing fear, stigma, and ultimately workplace violence, as recent assaults on healthcare institutions demonstrate. To reduce violence and safeguard the safety of the medical profession, the government, health policymakers, media organizations, and community engagement groups must collaborate for healthcare workers’ safety.
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Pagnucci N, Ottonello G, Capponi D, Catania G, Zanini M, Aleo G, Timmins F, Sasso L, Bagnasco A. Predictors of events of violence or aggression against nurses in the workplace: A scoping review. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1724-1749. [PMID: 35420236 PMCID: PMC9796891 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify predictors and consequences of violence or aggression events against nurses and nursing students in different work contexts. BACKGROUND Workplace violence against nurses and nursing students is a very common and widespread phenomenon. Actions to manage or prevent violent events could be implemented knowing the risk factors and consequences. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews that summarize knowledge on the predictors and consequences of workplace violence. EVALUATION A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, PubMed and Scopus. KEY ISSUES After full text analysis, 87 papers were included in the current scoping review. Risk factors of horizontal violence were grouped into 'personal' and 'Environmental and organizational', and for violence perpetrated by patients into 'personal', 'Environmental and organizational' and 'Characteristics of the perpetrators'. CONCLUSIONS The results of this scoping review uncover problems that often remain unaddressed, especially where these episodes are very frequent. Workplace violence prevention and management programmes are essential to counter it. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The predictors and the consequents identified constitute the body of knowledge necessary for nurse managers to develop and implement policy and system actions to effectively manage or prevent violent events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Milko Zanini
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoa
| | - Giuseppe Aleo
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoa
| | - Fiona Timmins
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health SystemsUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Loredana Sasso
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health SystemsUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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Hou Y, Corbally M, Timmins F. Violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department: A concept analysis. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1688-1699. [PMID: 35700325 PMCID: PMC9795924 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This analysis investigates the concept of violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department. It aims to differentiate, clarify, and clearly identify this specific concept, which will facilitate more apt measurement and reporting, ultimately to contribute violence reduction measures. BACKGROUND Due to contextual factors, occupational risk and patient characteristics, violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department varies from other types of violence against other health care staff. METHODS This study employed Walker and Avant's concept analysis technique. RESULTS The analysis found that violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department is primarily an occurrence of interpersonal violence based on the working relationship, whereby the patient and/or visitor becomes an assailant, and a nurse becomes a target in the absence of capable guardianship. There is also an intentional use of physical force or power, which results in or has a high chance of causing harm. CONCLUSION A clearer understanding of the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of violence against nurses by patients and visitors arising from this concept analysis provides a framework that will assist in the understanding, measurement, reporting, and prevention of violence and inform future research. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nursing managers are encouraged to adopt strategies that act on the factors related to attributes and antecedents that will serve to reduce the occurrence of intentional violent acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Hou
- Emergency DepartmentShanXi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanShanXiChina
| | - Melissa Corbally
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Fiona Timmins
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health SystemsUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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Hu H, Gong H, Ma D, Wu X. Association between workplace psychological violence and work engagement among emergency nurses: The mediating effect of organizational climate. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268939. [PMID: 35648797 PMCID: PMC9159547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given that increasing attention is being given to the burdens on medical systems, researchers have concentrated their attention on nurses’ work engagement, especially in emergency departments. Purpose To investigate the current situation of work engagement of nurses in emergency department, and to find out the impact of psychological violence on work engagement and its impact path. Basic procedures The research is a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were distributed to 243 nurses from the emergency departments of ten tertiary hospitals from September to October 2019. SPSS was used to conducted ANOVA. The AMOS was used to conduct structural equation model to test the mediating effect of organizational climate on the association between psychological violence and dimensions of work engagement. Main findings Psychological violence was negatively correlated with organizational climate, vitality, dedication, and focus, and organizational climate was positively correlated with dimensions of work engagement. A negative relationship was found between psychological violence and three dimensions of work engagement, which was mediated by organizational climate. Conclusion In order to curb workplace psychological violence and improve the work engagement level of emergency nurses, organizational climate can be used as an intervention measure. The support of leaders, the care of colleagues and the mutual understanding and communication between doctors and patients can alleviate the job burnout of nurses in the face of heavy work, so that nurses can face their daily work with a better mental outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Hu
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wu
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Eyasu N. How Do Service Employees Manage Violence? The Impact of Community Violence on Women's Emotional Demand in the Public Sector of Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2373-2398. [PMID: 32643990 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520935491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The experiences of violence against women employees can lead to long-term psychosocial problems in institutions, thereby preventing them from becoming productive citizens. Although many studies have focused on the effects of violence on women's job performance, there exist few works on the effects of community violence on women's emotional demand in the workplace. To address this gap, this research examines the impact of community violence on emotional labor and emotional dissonance in the public sector. This study involved 67 participants (20 semi-structured interviews, 32 participants in four focus group discussions, and 15 key informants), derived using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to explore participants' explanations about the exposure and expression of community violence on women's emotional demands. Explanations were presented in terms of exposure (the state of being exposed to community violence) and expression (the reaction of victims to exposure in the workplace). The findings showed that the exposure of community violence on emotional labor can be expressed into three classifications: Gum up, Bottle up, and Defeatists (GBD). Furthermore, the study found out that women employees tend to conceal their felt emotions mainly due to the fear of reprisal, chiding rebuttal, and lack of support. The findings of the current study have policy implications. They can inform the micro-, meso-, and macro-level intervention efforts in mitigating the impacts of community violence on women's emotional demand at work.
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16
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Atashzadeh Shoorideh F, Moosavi S, Balouchi A. Incivility toward nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Ethics Hist Med 2022; 14:15. [PMID: 35035802 PMCID: PMC8696574 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v14i15.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One important part of a nurse’s job is to create and help maintain a safe work environment. Evidence shows that negative behaviors such as incivility are not uncommon in the nursing profession. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of incivility toward nurses. For this purpose, all observational studies that primarily investigated the rate of incivility toward nurses were selected. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Magiran, IranDoc, and Scopus were searched for studies published during the period of January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2019. The quality of studies was assessed using Hoy’s Critical Assessment Checklist. The study was undertaken using the random effects model, and data were analyzed using STATA14. Data on 60 articles, including data on 30801 individuals, published between 1997 and 2019, entered the study. The findings showed the prevalence of incivility to be 55.10% (95%, CI: 48.05, 62.06). Due to the high prevalence of uncivil behavior, especially of the verbal type, nursing managers should identify risk factors in the workplace. Planners should develop programs to increase workplace safety, especially in centers that are most exposed to these behaviors. It is also recommended that future studies focus on implementation of effective evidence-based interventions based on organizational culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
- Professor, Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soolmaz Moosavi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Balouchi
- Student Research Committee, PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Al-Shatnawi SF, Alzoubi KH, Khasawneh RA, Khabour OF, Almomani BA. Exception from informed consent for biomedical research in emergency settings: A study from Jordan. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08487. [PMID: 34917796 PMCID: PMC8645444 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research conduction in emergency settings is of paramount importance to promote knowledge and experiences related to treating acutely ill patients. However, the complexity of situations creates a considerable ethical challenge facing researchers who basically deal with emergent cases. This study aimed to determine attitudes of healthcare providers (HCPs) towards exception from informed consent (EFIC) and enrollment willingness in emergency research in Jordan. METHODS A quantitative research with face-to-face questionnaire was conducted by an interviewer during 6-month period in 2019. Survey measures included items related to EFIC policy and overall willingness of HCPs to participate or support their family members' participation in emergency research. RESULTS A total of 151 HCPs in the emergency departments (EDs) in Jordan was recruited. Positive attitude toward emergency research dominated among participants; about 21.9% of participants reported previous experience in the conduction of emergency research and 12.3% had related publications. Regarding EFIC policy, there was a general consensus of disagreement to most of the examined items. There was a trend for little support of EFIC policy when questioned about the enrollment of family members or public in emergency research, however, the application of EFIC was accepted for self-enrollment of respondents in emergency research. No significant differences (P = 0.37), among participants from different disciplines, were reported regarding the attitudes towards EFIC items or willingness to enroll in emergency research. CONCLUSIONS Generally, HCPs reported an overall positive support to emergency research despite a consensus of disagreement related to EFIC terms. Therefore, it is recommended to pursue future studies to compare well-informed subjects; recruited from well-developed institutions in regard to emergency research potentials; with the present basic attitudinal surveillance in order to dissipate the effect of such confounder and to get better insight of the actual attitudes related to emergency research and EFIC. In addition, efficient multidisciplinary communication channels between researchers and policy makers can lather the way to collaborative research with simultaneous innovative delivery of quality emergency care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah F. Al-Shatnawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan,Corresponding author.
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Rawand A. Khasawneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Basima A. Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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18
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Ghareeb NS, El-Shafei DA, Eladl AM. Workplace violence among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a Jordanian governmental hospital: the tip of the iceberg. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61441-61449. [PMID: 34173953 PMCID: PMC8233595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, significant cases of violence, intimidation, or stigmatization were targeted at healthcare workers (HCWs), patients, and medical infrastructure. These occurrences were most likely just the "tip of the iceberg," with much more remaining unnoticed. The present study's purpose was to assess the frequency, characteristics, effects, and contributing factors of workplace violence (WPV) committed against HCWs in AlKarak Governmental Hospital (KGH), South Jordan, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 HCWs (170 physicians and 212 nurses) working in the KGH, Jordan, during January and February 2021, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The current study showed that most participants (65.5%) reported exposure to WPV, mainly verbal violence (52.0%), and patients' relatives were the principal perpetrators in most incidents. The regular reporting of these incidents is deficient. The victims suffered psychological and physical effects. These assaults on healthcare facilities highlight the importance of effective risk communication at all levels of society to minimize anxiety, stigma, and, eventually, WPV. The way we communicate about COVID-19 is vital in motivating people to take proactive steps to fight the disease and safeguard healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanees S Ghareeb
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mu'tah, Jordan
| | - Dalia A El-Shafei
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Afaf M Eladl
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Arafa A, Shehata A, Youssef M, Senosy S. Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from Egypt. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:621-627. [PMID: 34590540 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) is a serious endemic phenomenon in healthcare settings, and it has been escalating during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, healthcare workers (HCWs) (105 physicians and 104 nurses) working at two public hospitals accepting patients with COVID-19 in Egypt were included. Using a self-administered questionnaire distributed in January 2021, data about HCWs' sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and their exposure to psychological and physical WPV during the past six months were collected. The results showed that the prevalence of psychological and physical WPV was 42.6% and 9.6%, respectively. Relatives of patients were the perpetrators in most WPV incidents. HCWs did not report 57.3% of psychological and 10.0% of physical WPV incidents. Female sex, having physical contact with patients, and working rotational shifts were associated with the increased exposure to psychological and physical WPV. In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of WPV against HCWs in Egyptian public hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ahmed Shehata
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Shaimaa Senosy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Abstract
Violence against health care providers is one of the most pressing problems faced by health care systems around the world. Because of unpredictability and acuity of emergency cases, emergency nurses are more vulnerable to workplace violence. Violence against emergency nurses is a complex and multidimensional problem that has a devastating impact on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of nurse victims. The purpose of this review is to integrate evidence on manifestations, contributing factors, and consequences of workplace violence perpetrated by patients and/or their relatives against emergency nurses, in addition to behavioral responses of emergency nurse victims toward workplace violence. An integrative review was conducted by searching 3 main electronic databases: Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review process. The review identified the most common forms, contributing factors, unpleasant consequences of workplace violence, and behavioral reaction of nurse victims toward violence acts. Reporting rates of workplace violence among emergency nurses were found to be low. It is recommended to develop more effective workplace violence prevention and reporting programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim R Ayasreh
- Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan (Dr Ayasreh); and Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (Dr Hayajneh)
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21
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Contreras Jofre P, Valenzuela Solís Á, Pinto Soto J, Mendoza Ponce N, López-Alegría F. [Workplace violence against emergency service nurses: an integrative reviewViolência no trabalho contra os profissionais de enfermagem em serviços de emergência: revisão integrativa]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020; 44:e173. [PMID: 33346247 PMCID: PMC7745999 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Learn the worldwide frequency of physical and verbal violence against emergency service nurses, and its health and occupational impact. Methods An integrative review study was conducted in February 2020 of the MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, and SciELO bibliographic databases, using the descriptors "Nurses," "Workplace Violence," "Physical Aggression," "Psychological Aggression," "Stress, Psychological," "Psychological Trauma," "Aggression," "Health Impact Assessment," "Health Impact," "Impacts on Health," "Impact Assessment, Health," and "Occupational Health." Results Of the articles located, 18 were included in the analysis. The studies confirmed that the health workers most affected by violence were nurses, and the most common types of violence were verbal aggression, followed by physical violence. In the hospital, these assaults most often occurred in the emergency service. The correlated impact on nurses' health included stress, emotional exhaustion, anxiety, and fear, among other symptoms. With regard to occupational impact, significant indirect accounts related to the reduction in productivity were evident. All these aspects led nurses to consider leaving their jobs in emergency services. Conclusions The results enabled identifying a risk profile for violence against nurses in emergency services, seen in the high incidence of physical and verbal violence that led to reduced productivity on the job and the onset of symptoms of burnout syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Contreras Jofre
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ámbar Valenzuela Solís
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Pinto Soto
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendoza Ponce
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fanny López-Alegría
- Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile Escuela de Enfermería Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Weldehawaryat HN, Weldehawariat FG, Negash FG. Prevalence of Workplace Violence and Associated Factors Against Nurses Working in Public Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1869-1877. [PMID: 33061720 PMCID: PMC7538000 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s264178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence is an important challenge faced by healthcare providers, especially nurses, throughout the world. But this issue is neglected in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of workplace violence and associated factors against nurses working in public health facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in public health facilities in Gamo Gofa zone from February to March 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 354 study respondents from selected public health facilities. The data was collected using a self-administered, pre-tested, and structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Descriptive analysis was made and both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression were applied to identify the factors associated with workplace violence against nurses. Results Out of the 348 participants, 150 (43.1%) nurses had experienced workplace violence. Among these, 47 (13.5%) had faced physical violence, 98 (28.2%) had verbal abuse, 36 (10.3%) were bullied/mobbed, and 25 (7.2%) faced sexual harassment at least once in the last 12 months. Patients’ relatives were the leading perpetrators in physical, verbal violence, and bullying, accounting 55.3%, 46.9%, and 36.1%, respectively. Female nurses (AOR=1.98; 95% CI=(1.21, 3.25), those who live without a spouse (AOR=1.98; 95% CI=(1.22, 3.22), those who drink alcohol (AOR=1.88; 95% CI=(1.03, 3.44), and those who chew chat (AOR=3.24; 95% CI=(1.25, 8.45) were more likely to suffer from workplace violence in public health facilities. Conclusion The prevalence of workplace violence against nurses was high. In addition, the characteristics of the occurrences of different types of violence are different beginning from the perpetrators’ characteristics to the measures taken by the nurses. In addition, sex, marital status, drinking alcohol, and chewing chat were found statistically significant factors influencing workplace violence against nurses.
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Njaka S, Edeogu OC, Oko CC, Goni MD, Nkadi N. Work place violence (WPV) against healthcare workers in Africa: A systematic review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04800. [PMID: 32964153 PMCID: PMC7490814 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WPV amongst healthcare workers has been reported as a public health challenge across the countries of the world, with more in the developing countries where condition of care and service is very poor. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically produce empirical evidence on the WPV against health care workers in Africa through the review of relevant literature. METHOD We sourced for evidence through the following databases: PubMed, Science direct and Scopus from 30th November to 31st December 2019 as well as the reference list of the studies included. A total of 22 peer reviewed articles were included in the review (8065 respondents). Quality appraisal of the included studies was assessed using critical appraisal tools for cross-sectional studies. RESULT Across the studies, diverse but high prevalence of WPV ranging from 9% to 100% was reported with the highest in South Africa (54%-100%) and Egypt (59.7%-86.1%). The common types were verbal, physical, sexual harassment and psychological violence. The correlates of WPV reported were gender, age, shift duty, emergency unit, psychiatric unit, nursing, marital status and others. Various impacts were reported including psychological impacts and desire to quit nursing. Patients and their relatives, the coworkers and supervisors were the mostly reported perpetrators of violence. Doctors were mostly implicated in the sexual violence against nurses. Policy on violence and management strategies were non-existent across the studies. CONCLUSION High prevalence of WPV against healthcare workers exists in Africa but there is still paucity of research on the subject matter. However, urgent measures like policy formulation and others must be taken to address the WPV as to avert the impact on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Njaka
- Universiti Sains Malaysia Nursing Program, Malaysia
- Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Constance Chioma Oko
- Universiti Sains Malaysia Nursing Program, Malaysia
- Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Kapoor S, Grover N. Strengthening contextual policy and training can empower nurses to reduce their sexual harassment. Evid Based Nurs 2020; 24:139. [PMID: 32788166 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2020-103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeeta Kapoor
- Department of Anesthesia, Acute Pain Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naveen Grover
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Lu L, Dong M, Wang SB, Zhang L, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Li J, Xiang YT. Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Health-Care Professionals in China: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Observational Surveys. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:498-509. [PMID: 29806556 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018774429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care professionals has been a major concern, but no meta-analysis on this topic has been published. This study is a meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of WPV against health-care professionals in China and its associated risk factors. METHOD English- (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase) and Chinese-language (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Data on the prevalence of WPV and the subtypes of violence experienced by health-care professionals in China were extracted and pooled using random-effects models. FINDINGS A total of 47 studies covering 81,771 health-care professionals were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence of WPV from 44 studies with available data was 62.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [59.4%, 65.5%]). The estimated prevalence of physical violence, psychological violence, verbal abuse, threats, and sexual harassment were 13.7% (95% CI [12.2%, 15.1%]), 50.8% (95% CI [46.2%, 55.5%]), 61.2% (95% CI [55.1%, 67.4%]), 39.4% (95% CI [33.4%, 45.4%]), and 6.3% (95% CI [5.3%, 7.4%]), respectively. Males were more likely to experience WPV than females. INTERPRETATION WPV against health-care professionals appears to be a significant issue in China. Relevant policies and procedures related to WPV should be developed. Staff should be provided with adequate training, education, and support to implement violence management policies to ensure safety at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Min Dong
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Shi, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ling Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Graylands Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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Karatuna I, Jönsson S, Muhonen T. Workplace bullying in the nursing profession: A cross-cultural scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 111:103628. [PMID: 32932063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, nurses are at high risk of exposure to workplace bullying, and there is a growing body of literature addressing bullying in the nursing profession. Yet, our understanding of cross-cultural variations in bullying among nurses is lacking. An analysis of what is currently known about bullying in different parts of the world is critical for our understanding of cross-cultural effects of bullying among nurses. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine workplace bullying research among nurses with the focus on sources, antecedents, outcomes and coping responses from a cross-cultural perspective during the years 2001-2019. DESIGN This is a scoping review of published literature on workplace bullying among nurses. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted using the CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases. A total of 166 articles provided data from the following cultural clusters: Anglo, Latin Europe, Eastern Europe, Nordic Europe, Middle East, Latin America, Confucian Asia, Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. PROCEDURE Studies were identified through a database search. Relevant data were extracted using a narrative approach. Categories were thematically organized according to the study topics. Cultural differences regarding the variation in the perceptions of and responses to bullying were analysed in relation to the cultural dimensions: power distance, assertiveness, in-group collectivism and performance orientation. RESULTS Research was mostly conducted in the Anglo cluster. Antecedents and outcomes of bullying were the most often studied topics across all cultural clusters. Vertical bullying was most prevalent in higher power distance cultures, whereas horizontal bullying was either more or equally prevalent in lower power distance cultures. The risk of bullying decreased as nurses' length of service and age increased in most of the clusters. Individual antecedents were more frequently reported in high in-group collectivist cultures. Organizational antecedents such as lack of bullying prevention measures, unsupportive leadership and stressful work characteristics were frequently reported across different cultural clusters. Yet, an organizational culture that tolerates bullying was most commonly addressed in Anglo, a highly performance-oriented culture. Negative outcomes of bullying were very similar across the world. Nurses used emotion-focused coping strategies more frequently almost in all clusters; yet, there were reports of problem-focused coping strategies especially in relatively higher assertiveness cultures. CONCLUSIONS Analysis revealed both similarities and differences in the nurses' reports of bullying by world region. Cultural factors were found to be important for understanding the variation in the nurses' perceptions of and responses to bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Karatuna
- Marmara University, Department of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Göztepe Kampüsü 34722, Kadiköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sandra Jönsson
- Malmö University, Centre for Work Life and Evaluation Studies/Urban Studies, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Tuija Muhonen
- Malmö University, Centre for Work Life and Evaluation Studies/School Development and Leadership, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
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Lu L, Dong M, Lok GKI, Feng Y, Wang G, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Xiang YT. Worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment towards nurses: A comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:980-990. [PMID: 31960498 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sexual harassment towards nurses is a major concern universally, but no meta-analysis on the worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment towards nurses has yet been published. This study examined the worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment against nurses and explored its moderating factors. DESIGN Meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from their commencement date to February 2018 were systematically and independently searched by two investigators. REVIEW METHODS Data on the prevalence of sexual harassment experienced by nurses were extracted and pooled using the random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 43 studies covering 52,345 nurses were included in the analyses. Female nurses accounted for 83.87% of the 32,970 subjects in 25 studies with available data on gender ratio. The prevalence of sexual harassment towards nurses in the past 12 months and during nursing career were 12.6% (95% CI: 10.9-14.4%) and 53.4% (95% CI: 23.1-83.7%), respectively. Gender, use of the WHO questionnaires, lower middle-income and high-income countries, sample size, survey year, and mean age of subjects were significantly associated with the prevalence of sexual harassment. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of sexual harassment against nurses found in this meta-analysis represents the ongoing sexism and deleterious effects (e.g., poor work quality and efficiency, increased stress and job dissatisfaction) in the profession. Appropriate preventive measures, training, and empowerment of nurses are needed to ensure workplace safety and equality in this profession. IMPACT The study addressed the worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment against nurses and its moderating factors. Health authorities and hospital administrators should develop organizational policy and preventive strategies to ensure nurses' workplace safety and equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Min Dong
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Grace K I Lok
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Advanced Innovation Centre for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Advanced Innovation Centre for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Vic., Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Li YL, Li RQ, Qiu D, Xiao SY. Prevalence of Workplace Physical Violence against Health Care Professionals by Patients and Visitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E299. [PMID: 31906306 PMCID: PMC6982349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Workplace physical violence against health care professionals perpetrated by patients and visitors has been a persistent problem worldwide. Prevalence estimates varied vastly across studies and there was a lack of quantitative syntheses of prevalence studies. This review aimed to quantify pooled one-year prevalence estimates at the global and regional levels. A systematic literature search was performed in the databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase between 1 January 2000 and 8 October 2018. Studies providing information about one-year prevalence of self-reported workplace physical violence against health care professionals perpetrated by patients or visitors were included. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran's chi-squared test (Cochran's Q) and I2 values. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore heterogeneity. A total of 65 eligible studies reported one-year prevalence estimates for 61,800 health care professionals from 30 countries. The pooled one-year prevalence of workplace physical violence against health care professionals perpetrated by patients or visitors was 19.33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.49%-22.53%) and the overall heterogeneity was high across studies. We noted geographic and staff categories variations for prevalence estimates through subgroup analysis. The meta-regression showed that sample size, type of health care setting, and quality score were significant moderators for heterogeneity. One in five health care professionals experienced workplace physical violence perpetrated by patients or visitors worldwide annually. Practical intervention was needed to ensure safety of health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shui-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China; (Y.-L.L.); (R.-Q.L.); (D.Q.)
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Tsukamoto SAS, Galdino MJQ, Robazzi MLDCC, Ribeiro RP, Soares MH, Haddad MDCFL, Martins JT. Violência ocupacional na equipe de enfermagem: prevalência e fatores associados. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência ocupacional na equipe de enfermagem. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de 242 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário da Região Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a junho de 2018, por meio de um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional e o Questionário para Avaliação da Violência no Trabalho Sofrida ou Testemunhada por Trabalhadores de Enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e regressão logística múltipla. Resultados A prevalência de violência física foi de 20,2%; de abuso verbal, 59,1%; e a de assédio sexual foi de 12,8%. Os fatores associados à violência física foram ser testemunha de agressão física ocupacional (p<0,001; ORajustado: 5,757) e relacionamento interpessoal ruim (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,172); ao abuso verbal, ser testemunha de violência verbal no ambiente de trabalho (p<0,001; ORajustado: 11,699), ser vítima de violência física (p=0,043; ORajustado: 2,336) e falta de reconhecimento profissional (p=0,004; ORajustado: 0,361); e ao assédio sexual, ser testemunha desse tipo de assédio (p=0,030; ORajustado: 3,422), ser vítima de abuso verbal (p=0,031; ORajustado: 3,116), trabalhar no turno noturno (p=0,036; ORajustado: 0,396) e idade mais jovem (p=0,001; ORajustado: 0,924). Conclusão A equipe de enfermagem foi vítima de diferentes tipos de violência no trabalho e associaram-se a ela, principalmente, os fatores ocupacionais, como testemunhar a violência ocupacional.
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Eğici MT, Öztürk GZ. Violence Against Healthcare Workers in the Light of White Code Data. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.436537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Pai DD, Sturbelle ICS, Santos CD, Tavares JP, Lautert L. VIOLÊNCIA FÍSICA E PSICOLÓGICA PERPETRADA NO TRABALHO EM SAÚDE. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072018002420016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a presença da violência física e psicológica entre trabalhadores da saúde, identificar seus perpetradores e compreender a origem das agressões. Método: estudo de abordagem mista. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados sobre amostra aleatória de 269 profissionais da equipe de saúde em hospital público da Região Sul do Brasil, dentre os quais, 20 sujeitos, vítimas de violência, compuseram sequencialmente a etapa qualitativa. Resultados: a violência física atingiu 15,2% (n=42) dos profissionais e a violência psicológica 48,7% (n=135) dos trabalhadores por meio de agressões verbais, 24,9% (n=69) sofreram assédio moral, 8,7% (n=24) discriminação racial e 2,5% (n=7) assédio sexual. Mulheres foram as principais vítimas da violência física, assédio moral e discriminação racial (p<0,05). Técnicos de enfermagem foram os mais expostos à violência física e assédio moral (p<0,05). O paciente foi o principal agressor da equipe de saúde (35,4%, n=98), seguido pelos colegas de trabalho (25,3%, n=70), chefia (21,7%, n=60) e acompanhantes (15,5%, n=43). Agravos neurológicos, abuso de álcool e de outras drogas foram relacionados à origem da agressão, razões que atenuaram a culpa dos pacientes pela violência. As condições impróprias de trabalho geraram revolta dos pacientes e entre os profissionais. Aspectos da organização do trabalho no hospital público foram apontados como causas para conflitos que repercutem em violências. Conclusões: a violência psicológica foi prevalente, mulheres e técnicos de enfermagem foram os mais expostos e pacientes os principais perpetradores. São necessárias medidas de contenção e prevenção, bem como investimentos sobre as condições e a organização do trabalho no hospital.
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D'Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Mazzotta M, Vullo A. Preventing and managing workplace violence against healthcare workers in Emergency Departments. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:28-36. [PMID: 29644987 PMCID: PMC6357631 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i4-s.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Healthcare workers (HCWs) employed in Emergency Departments (EDs) frequently face with patients becoming violent because of long wait or diseases or under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Globally, workplace violence (WPV) in EDs is a major challenge to safety for HCWs, involving significant consequences to the victims, patients, and healthcare organizations. We reviewed the current literature with the aim to explore the topics focused on and to detect new evidences about approaching the issue of WPV toward HCWs in EDs. Methods: A search for articles regarding WPV toward HCWs employed in EDs and published from January 2007 through December 2017 was performed; using predetermined criteria for inclusion, selected articles were reviewed and qualitatively assessed for the aims of the review. Results: We found 60 papers which matched our inclusion criteria; the topics, discussed in order of frequency from highest to lowest, were: “Risk Assessment”, “Occurrence Rates”, “Risk Management”, and “Physical/non Physical Consequences”. Dementia, schizophrenia, anxiety, acute stress reaction, suicidal ideation, and alcohol and drug intoxication were found as predictors of physical violence perpetrated by patients against HCWs. Conclusion: A strategic way to the effective management of WPV should prioritize training courses focused on: constructing HCW-patient relationship, improving the workers’ communication skills, accurate reporting of each violent incident, and improving the labor context through management commitment and employee involvement in WPV prevention programs. A special effort is required in implementing workplace design effective in minimizing stressful conditions in waiting rooms which turned out to be the most frequent site of assaults.
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Burchill CN, Bena J, Polomano RC. Psychometric Testing of the Personal Workplace Safety Instrument for Emergency Nurses. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2017; 15:97-103. [PMID: 29266786 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-visitor violence (PVV) committed against nurses is a worldwide problem. Registered nurses in emergency departments (EDs) are particularly susceptible. The frequency and severity of PVV against emergency nurses (ENs) internationally is well documented. Little is known about factors that make ENs feel safe from PVV. AIM Examine the psychometric properties of the Personal Workplace Safety Instrument for Emergency Nurses (PWSI-EN), developed to measure ENs' perceptions of safety from PVV. METHODS Instrument development was based on a literature review, input from ENs, and expert opinion. An online version of the PWSI-EN was distributed to a convenience sample of ENs practicing in EDs across the United States. Psychometric testing included measures of internal consistency reliability, construct validity to support subscales, and comparisons on demographic variables. RESULTS Three-hundred and five (N = 305) ENs from 16 hospitals responded to the original 31-item PWSI-EN. Based on item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the instrument was reduced to 23 items with Cronbach's α = .912. EFA delineated six subscales relevant to perception of safety from PVV with factor loadings from .342 to .879. Low to moderate subscale correlations showed a degree of independence for concept domains. Known groups approach for construct validity revealed statistically significant differences (p < .05) for five subscales and the total score between community and academic or teaching hospitals. Hospital type, organizational confidence, and fear for patient safety were significant predictors of greater perceptions of safety from PVV. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION The PWSI-EN is a valid and reliable survey instrument to assess EN perceptions of safety. ED and hospital leaders can use this instrument to determine specific areas to focus efforts in order to improve ENs' perception of safety from PVV. Researchers exploring interventions aimed at improving perceptions of safety from PVV for ENs may find the PWSI-EN useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian N Burchill
- Nurse Scientist II, Office of Nursing Research and Innovation, Cleveland Clinic, (formerly Clinical Nurse IV, Emergency Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Bena
- Lead Biostatistician, Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rosemary C Polomano
- Associate Dean for Practice, Professor of Pain Practice, School of Nursing, Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (Secondary), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Senior Nurse Scientist, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pedro DRC, Silva GKTD, Lopes APAT, Oliveira JLCD, Tonini NS. Violência ocupacional na equipe de enfermagem: análise à luz do conhecimento produzido. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201711321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO As instituições de saúde sofrem com as consequências das formas de organização do trabalho e da sociedade, entre elas, a violência ocupacional dirigida aos trabalhadores de enfermagem. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre a interface da violência como risco ocupacional entre trabalhadores de enfermagem. Foram selecionados 15 artigos científicos para a análise de conteúdo, que resultou no agrupamento de três categorias. Concluiu-se que a violência no labor da enfermagem parece tender a um perfil delimitado. O assédio moral deve ser foco nas ações de liderança, com vistas às mudanças no processo de trabalho que favoreçam a proteção de vítimas.
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Abdellah RF, Salama KM. Prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence against health care workers in emergency department in Ismailia, Egypt. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 26:21. [PMID: 28451000 PMCID: PMC5398248 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.21.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emergency department is one of the high-risk areas, where violence against health care workers (HCWs) is a prevalent and serious problem. Violence has negative effects on HCWs, and therefore on the quality of care provided in emergency department. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, types, sources and risk factors of violence reported by HCWs in emergency department. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire developed by the WHO. One hundred thirty four questionnaires were included in this study (94.4% response rate). RESULTS WPV was reported by 59.7% of HCWs. Verbal violence was the most reported (58.2%), compared to physical violence (15.7%). The most reported reasons for violence were waiting time and that patient and family expectations not being met. Only 29.5% of HCWs who experienced verbal violence and 23.8% of who experienced physical violence reported it to hospital authority. About 75% of HCW thought that work place violence could be prevented, and about 60% said that no action was taken against the attacker by hospital authority. CONCLUSION Violence against HCWs in emergency department is a significant issue that cannot be ignored. There are multiple reasons. The key point in dealing with the problem is to treat its specific causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Farouk Abdellah
- Department of Community, Environment and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Morsy Salama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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Al-Shamlan NA, Jayaseeli N, Al-Shawi MM, Al-Joudi AS. Are nurses verbally abused? A cross-sectional study of nurses at a university hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2017; 24:173-180. [PMID: 28932162 PMCID: PMC5596630 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_45_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence against health-care workers is a significant problem worldwide. Nurses are at a higher risk of exposure to violence. Studies available in Saudi Arabia are few. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of verbal abuse of nurses at King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU) in Khobar, Saudi Arabia, and to identify consequences and the demographic and work-related characteristics associated with it. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study of 391 nurses by total sample was conducted between November and December 2015, using a modified self-administered questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. Data was entered, and analyzed using SPSS Version 16.0. The descriptive statistics were reported using frequency and percentages for all categorical variables. Chi-squared tests or Fisher's Exact test, as appropriate, were performed to test the associations of verbal abuse with the demographic and work-related characteristics of the participants. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Logistic regression analysis performed to determine association between verbal abuse and independent variables. RESULTS In a period of 1 year before the study, about three out of ten nurses experienced verbal abuse (30.7%). In the majority of cases, the victims did not report the incidents, mostly because they believed that reporting would yield no positive results. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male nurses, nurses in the emergency department, and nurses who indicated that there were procedures for reporting violence in their workplace were more vulnerable to workplace verbal abuse. CONCLUSION Workplace verbal abuse is a significant challenge in KFHU. For decision makers, it is rather disturbing that a lot of cases go unreported even though procedures for reporting exist. Implementation of an efficient transparent reporting system that provides follow-up investigations is mandatory. In addition, all victims should be helped with counseling and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A Al-Shamlan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nithya Jayaseeli
- Research Support Unit, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneera M Al-Shawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al-Joudi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Tiruneh BT, Bifftu BB, Tumebo AA, Kelkay MM, Anlay DZ, Dachew BA. Prevalence of workplace violence in Northwest Ethiopia: a multivariate analysis. BMC Nurs 2016; 15:42. [PMID: 27398068 PMCID: PMC4938930 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-016-0162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence has been acknowledged as a global problem, particularly in the health sector. However, there is scarce data on workplace violence among nurses in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of workplace violence and associated factors among nurses in northwest Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study design was employed in 386 nurses from April 1 – April 30, 2015. Data were collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Labor Office/International Council of Nurses/World Health Organization and Public Services International. To keep the quality of the data collection training was given to supervisors and data collectors. Piloting was done in Debark hospital two weeks before actual data collection to assess the tool’s clarity and make amendments. The proposal was approved by the Institutional Review Board of University of Gondar prior to study commencement and a written consent was obtained from each study participant. Results The overall prevalence of workplace violence was 26.7 %. Exploratory logistic regression analyses suggested that age, number of staff in the same work shift, working in a male ward, history of workplace violence, and marital status were factors independently associated with workplace violence Conclusion The prevalence of workplace violence among nurses was high. Creating a prevention strategy involving different stakeholders is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bewket Tadesse Tiruneh
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Nursing, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Boru Bifftu
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Nursing, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
| | - Akililu Azazh Tumebo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, 11706 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Mekonnen Kelkay
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Nursing, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
| | - Degefaye Zelalem Anlay
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Nursing, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
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