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Sims SA, Pereira G, Fatovich D, Preen D, O'Donnell M. The hidden impact of alcohol on young victims: an analysis of alcohol-related police offences resulting in hospitalisation. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 38233840 PMCID: PMC10792924 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related harm (ARH) is a significant public health concern affecting young individuals, particularly those involved in alcohol-related police incidents resulting in hospitalisation. However, the impact of alcohol on young victims remains under researched. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of offenders and victims involved in these incidents, analyse the types of offences, and understand the under-ascertainment of ARH in hospital records. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal study of 12-24-year-olds born between 1980 and 2005 was conducted using linked data from hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, and police incident records. Alcohol-related incidents were identified based on the attending officers' opinions in the Western Australia Police's Incident Management System (IMS). Logistic and log-binomial regression were utilised to analyse the factors associated with victimisation and under-ascertainment of ARH. RESULTS Our study included 22,747 individuals (11,433 victims and 11,314 offenders) involved in alcohol-related police incidents, with a small majority of victims being female (53%, n = 6,074) and a large majority of offenders being male (84.3%, n = 9,532). Most victims did not receive a diagnosis of ARH (71%, n = 760). Women were 10 times more likely to have been a victim in ARH police incidents and 2 times more likely to have an undiagnosed alcohol-related hospital admission than men. Victims and offenders predominantly came from disadvantaged areas and major cities. Aboriginal individuals were overrepresented as both offenders and victims. A significant proportion of individuals experienced emergency department presentations or hospital admissions, with head injuries being the most common. Assault causing bodily harm was the most prevalent offence resulting in hospitalisation (66%, n = 2,018). CONCLUSIONS There is a noteworthy disparity between the quantity of hospital admissions attributed to alcohol-related incidents and the number of cases that are formally classified as ARH in the hospital system. This disparity highlights a more profound issue of substantial under-ascertainment or inadequate identification of ARH than previously acknowledged. Our findings justify the prioritisation of prevention strategies, beyond improvement in the documentation of alcohol-related hospitalisation. Considering the scale of the problem, and the underestimation of the burden of alcohol-related hospitalisation, a proportional increase in investment is necessary to achieve population-level reductions in ARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Anthony Sims
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel Fatovich
- Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia
| | - David Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Centre for Child Protection, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Rebbe R, Adhia A, Eastman AL, Chen M, Winn J. The Measurement of Intimate Partner Violence Using International Classification of Diseases Diagnostic Codes: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2165-2180. [PMID: 35506696 PMCID: PMC10711693 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is challenging to measure yet systematic surveillance of IPV is critical to informing public health prevention and response efforts. Administrative medical data provide opportunities for such surveillance, and often use the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The primary purpose of this systematic review was to document which ICD codes have been used in empirical literature to identify IPV, understand the justification used to select specific codes to develop IPV case definitions, and identify the data sources and types of research questions addressed by the existing literature. We searched 11 databases and of the initial 2182 results, 21 empirical studies from 2000 to 2020 met the study inclusion criteria including using ICD codes to measure IPV. The majority of these studies (90.5%) used either national samples of data or population-based administrative data from emergency departments (52.4%) or inpatient hospitalizations (38.1%). We found wide variation of ICD diagnostic codes to measure IPV and categorized the sets of codes used based on the number of codes. The most commonly used ICD-9 codes were E967.3, 995.81, 995.80, 995.85 and the most common ICD-10 codes were T74.1 and Z63.0. Few studies validated the ICD codes used to measure IPV. Most included studies (81.0%) answered epidemiological research questions. The current study provides suggestions for future research, including justifying the selection of ICD codes and providing a range of estimates based on narrow and broad sets of codes. Implications for policy and practice, including enhanced training for healthcare professionals in documenting IPV, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rebbe
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Avanti Adhia
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea Lane Eastman
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - May Chen
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jade Winn
- University of Southern California Libraries, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Orr C, Kelty E, Fisher C, O'Donnell M, Glauert R, Preen DB. The lasting impact of family and domestic violence on neonatal health outcomes. Birth 2023; 50:578-586. [PMID: 36190166 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the health of neonates born to women who experienced family and domestic violence (FDV) 12 months prior to birth, with the health of neonates born to women with an earlier history of FDV and women with no history of FDV. METHODS A retrospective cohort of women who experienced FDV within 12 months of birth (antenatal FDV [AFDV]) (n = 1230) was identified using data from the Western Australia (WA) Police Force Incident Management System and WA Hospital Morbidity Data Collection. Two comparison cohorts were used, the first including women with a history of FDV (HFDV) 12-60 months prior to birth (n = 1549) and the second with no history of FDV (NFDV) recorded (n = 3690). Hospital, birth, mortality, and congenital anomaly data were used in generalized linear models to examine and compare neonatal health outcomes. RESULTS Women in the AFDV group had higher proportions of factors associated with poor neonatal outcomes including smoking (42.4%), substance use (23.0%), and mental health disorders (34.8%). Neonates born to AFDV mothers had significantly higher odds of congenital anomalies (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.18-1.94), low birth weight (1.74, 1.45-2.10), and preterm birth (1.48, 1.22-1.79) compared with neonates born to NFDV mother. Neonatal health outcomes in those born to AFDV women were not significantly different from those born to HFDV women. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal and historical FDV were associated with poor neonatal health outcomes. Additional pregnancy and social support should be offered to women who have experienced FDV during or prior to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin Kelty
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colleen Fisher
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Australian Centre for Child Protection, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Raine Study, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David B Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Orr C, O'Donnell M, Fisher C, Bell M, Glauert R, Preen D. School Readiness of Children Exposed to Family and Domestic Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20428-NP20458. [PMID: 34668413 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Children have a universal right to live free from exposure to family and domestic violence (FDV). Children exposed to FDV can experience long-term effects on their physical and psychological health and their social competencies including social, emotional, and cognitive skills and behaviours that underpin successful social adaptation and academic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate if children exposed to FDV were more likely to be vulnerable on school readiness measures compared to those children who were not exposed. Our cohort study used de-identified individual-level administrative data of children born during 2002-2010, in Western Australia, who were identified in police and hospital records as being exposed to FDV during 2002-2015. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of vulnerability in Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) outcomes of children exposed to FDV compared to a non-exposed cohort. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, children exposed to FDV had higher odds than non-exposed children of being vulnerable in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Exposed children have an increased likelihood of vulnerability in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Comprehensive multiagency early intervention for children exposed to FDV is required to mitigate the impact on outcomes, and ultimately the need to prevent FDV is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- The Australian Centre for Child Protection, 1067The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colleen Fisher
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Megan Bell
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Preen
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Peck A, Provost S, East L, Hutchinson M. Process mining the trajectories for adolescent-to-mother violence from longitudinal police and health service data. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1540-1552. [PMID: 35864079 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to discover longitudinal trajectories and patterns of events preceding adolescent-to-mother family violence in a geographic locale in Australia. DESIGN This was a retrospective case series. METHODS Routinely collected administrative data were sourced and linked from police and health service electronic records for adolescents born between 1994 and 2006 who had been issued a legal action for a family violence-related offence (n = 775). A time-stamped log of events from birth (where available) was created. Process mining was employed to discover dominant events and trajectories in the log from birth until adolescents' first recorded offence against their mother. RESULTS/FINDINGS Most adolescents in the case series offended against mothers (63%, n = 486). Trajectory analysis confirmed dominant early childhood events were repeated exposure to parental intimate partner violence (P-IPV), parental drug and/or alcohol use and neglect. During early adolescence, pathways towards adolescent-to-mother violence involved other offending, drug and/or alcohol use and mental health service contact. CONCLUSION The trajectories evidenced provide a complex picture of the emergence of adolescent-to-mother violence. From an early intervention perspective, it was found that many children and mothers were identifiable from police records in early childhood, at an average age of 35 months. Responses to adolescent family violence need to acknowledge the impact of childhood trauma and emerging mental health problems, along with strategies to mitigate the effect of P-IPV on mother-to-child relationships. IMPACT This is the first large-scale study to specifically examine trajectories from birth for adolescents who engage in violence towards mothers. The findings have important implications for the design and delivery of early intervention childhood services and interagency collaboration in nursing and midwifery services. In early adolescence, contact with mental health services represents an opportunity for screening and support interventions. This is an important preventive timepoint for family violence, adolescent drug and alcohol use and other offences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Peck
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve Provost
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leah East
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health, University of New England/Hunter New England Health, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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Neufeld MY, Jang H, Caron E, Golz R, Brahmbhatt TS, Sanchez SE. Social Vulnerability and COVID-19: Changes in Trauma Activations at a Safety-Net Hospital. J Surg Res 2022; 276:100-109. [PMID: 35339778 PMCID: PMC8860669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were reports of decreased trauma hospitalizations, although violent crime persisted. COVID-19 has had the greatest impact on minoritized and vulnerable communities. Decreases in traumatic events may not extend to these communities, given pandemic-related socioeconomic and psychological burdens that increase the risk of exposure to trauma and violence. Materials and methods This was a retrospective cohort study (n = 1634) of all trauma activations presenting to our institution January 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020, and same time periods in 2018 and 2019. Census tracts and associated Social Vulnerability Index quartiles were determined from patient addresses. Changes in trauma activations pre and post Massachusetts’ state-of-emergency declaration compared to a historical control were analyzed using a difference-in-differences methodology. Results Weekly all-cause trauma activations fell from 26.44 to 8.25 (rate ratio = 0.36 [0.26, 0.50]) postdeclaration, with significant difference-in-differences compared to a historical control (P < 0.0001). Nonviolent trauma activations significantly decreased from 21.11 to 5.17 after the declaration (rate ratio = 0.27 [0.37, 0.91]; P < 0.0001), whereas there was no significant decrease in violent injury (5.33 to 3.08 rate ratio = 0.69 [0.39, 1.22]; P = 0.20). Stratified by vulnerability, the most vulnerable quartile had an increased proportion of all-cause trauma postdeclaration and had no decrease in violent trauma activations following the declaration compared to the historical control (rate ratio = 0.84 [0.38-1.86]; P = 0.67). Conclusions The state-of-emergency declaration was associated with significant decreases in overall trauma, to a greater extent in nonviolent injuries. Among those living in the most socially vulnerable communities, there was no decrease in violent trauma. These findings highlight the need for violence and injury prevention programs in vulnerable communities, particularly in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Y Neufeld
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Hyerim Jang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisa Caron
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reece Golz
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tejal S Brahmbhatt
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabrina E Sanchez
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Orr C, Fisher CM, Glauert R, Preen DB, O'Donnell M, Ed D. A Demographic Profile of Mothers and Their Children Who Are Victims of Family and Domestic Violence: Using Linked Police and Hospital Admissions Data. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP500-NP525. [PMID: 32370589 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520916272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the key sociodemographic characteristics of Australian mothers and their children who were victims of family and domestic violence (FDV) that resulted in the male perpetrator being criminally charged for the offense or the mother being hospitalized. A population-based retrospective cohort study using de-identified linked health and police data of mothers with children born 1987-2010 who were victims of FDV 2004-2008 was utilized. Results indicate that mothers who were identified in police data are different demographically from those identified in health data and differed again from mothers identified in both health and police data. Within Western Australia, 3% of the population identify as Aboriginal; however, 44% of mothers identified as victims in police data and 73% within the health data were Aboriginal. Of the mothers identified in police data, 30% were under 25 years of age at their first assault recorded in police data compared with 21% in those identified in both police and hospital data. Most mothers identified as victims of FDV in police data had children present at their assault (60.6%). Prevalence of FDV exposure, identified in police data, was significantly different in Aboriginal children compared with non-Aboriginal children. Aboriginal children had a 19-fold (p < .0001) increased difference in prevalence of exposure compared with their non-Aboriginal counterparts. The study reveals the challenges in identifying victims of FDV when relying on a single data source for research and highlights the need for multiple datasets when investigating FDV. The overrepresentation of Aboriginal mothers and children should be taken in the context of the long-lasting impact of colonization. As such, prevention and early intervention strategies need to be underpinned by Aboriginal communities' cultural authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Glauert
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David B Preen
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Dip Ed
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Bulsara VM, Bulsara MK, Codde J, Preen D, Slack-Smith L, O'Donnell M. Injuries in mothers hospitalised for domestic violence-related assault: a whole-population linked data study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040600. [PMID: 33975864 PMCID: PMC8149359 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively assess a cohort of mothers for characteristics of injuries that they have suffered as a result of family and domestic violence (FDV) and which have required admission to a hospital during both the intrapartum and postpartum periods. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective, whole-population linked data study of FDV in Western Australia using the Western Australia birth registry from 1990 to 2009 and Hospital Morbidity Data System records from 1970 to 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of hospitalisations, and mode, location and type of injuries recorded, with particular focus on the head and neck area. RESULTS There were 11 546 hospitalisations for mothers due to FDV. 8193 hospitalisations recorded an injury code to the head and/or neck region. The upper and middle thirds of the face and scalp were areas most likely to receive superficial injuries (58.7% or 4158 admissions), followed by the mouth and oral cavity (9.7% or 687 admissions). Fracture to the mandible accounted for 479 (4.2%) admissions and was almost equal to the sum of the next three most common facial fractures (nasal, maxillary and orbital floor). Mothers more likely to be hospitalised due to a head injury from FDV included those with more than one child (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.30) and those with infants (<1 year old) (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.90) and young children (<7 years old) (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.30). CONCLUSIONS FDV is a serious and ongoing problem and front-line clinicians are in need of evidence-based guidelines to recognise and assist victims of FDV. Mothers with children in their care are a particularly vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mahesh Bulsara
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Max K Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia School of Medicine, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jim Codde
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia School of Medicine, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Linda Slack-Smith
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Fanslow J, Hashemi L, Malihi Z, Gulliver P, McIntosh T. Change in prevalence rates of physical and sexual intimate partner violence against women: data from two cross-sectional studies in New Zealand, 2003 and 2019. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044907. [PMID: 33757950 PMCID: PMC7993160 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore changes in reported prevalence of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) between 2003 and 2019. The impact of sociodemographic differences between the two samples and between group differences were also examined. Changes in attitudes supportive of violence and in help-seeking behaviour following disclosure were also explored. DESIGN Two cross-sectional studies. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional studies on family violence conducted in New Zealand in 2003 and 2019. Ever-partnered female respondents aged 18-64 years old were included (2003 n=2674, 2019 n=944). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence rates of lifetime and past 12-month physical and sexual IPV, attitudes towards gender roles and acceptability of a man hitting his wife, help sought and received following disclosure were compared between the study years. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of physical IPV was unchanged between 2003 and 2019 (AOR=0.89; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.08). There was a significant decrease in the proportion of women who reported experiencing 12-month physical IPV (AOR=0.53; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.97). Small reductions in rates for lifetime sexual IPV were also observed (AOR=0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.95). In 2019, fewer women agreed with one or more statements supportive of traditional gender roles (48.1% (95% CI 45.7% to 50.5%) in 2003; 38.4% (95% CI 33.8% to 43.2%) in 2019). A significant decrease was noted in the proportion of women who sought help from informal sources (from 71.3% (95% CI 68.1% to 74.2%) in 2003 to 64.6% (95% CI 58.7% to 70.1%) in 2019). No significant changes in seeking help from formal sources, or perceived helpfulness from any source were noted. CONCLUSION While the reductions in 12-month physical and lifetime sexual IPV are positive, prevention efforts need to be established, maintained and strengthened to address the substantial lifetime prevalence of IPV. Efforts to strengthen responses from formal and informal sources continue to be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Fanslow
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ladan Hashemi
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zarintaj Malihi
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pauline Gulliver
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tracey McIntosh
- School of Māori Studies and Pacific Studies, Faculty of Arts, The University of Auckland Faculty of Arts, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Risk and resilience: a mixed methods investigation of Aboriginal Australian women's perinatal mental health screening assessments. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:547-557. [PMID: 33226453 PMCID: PMC8053144 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the psychosocial protective and risk factors for perinatal mental health identified in a sample of Aboriginal women's Kimberley Mum's Mood Scale (KMMS) assessments and explore the role of these factors in their screening assessment and diagnostic outcome. METHODS We used a mixed methods approach to retrospectively analyse a cross-sectional study dataset of 91 completed KMMS assessments. This included: categorising the clinical notes from the KMMS psychosocial yarn into 'risk' and 'protective' factors and describing these categories, describing the number and type of risk and protective factors associated with different KMMS risk assessment categories (no, low, medium, high), and exploring relationships between these risk and protective factors and diagnosis of perinatal depression and/or anxiety. RESULTS Protective factors were recorded for the vast majority of the women; the most prominent was positive family relationships. When protective and risk factors were stratified by KMMS risk category, women in the higher risk group less commonly had specific protective factors (11-33% high vs 61-100% no risk) and more commonly had risk factors (22-67% high vs 6-28% no risk) than women with lower KMMS assessed risk. The average number of protective factors decreased with increasing KMMS risk category (4.9 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 1.3), with the inverse pattern for risk factors (1.1 ± 1.1 to 3.8 ± 1.0). Having protective factors also appeared to reduce the risk of developing clinical depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION Assessing protective factors in mental health screening for perinatal Aboriginal women increases the effectiveness of screening and provides a foundation for the delivery of local structured psychosocial care.
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Orr C, Fisher CM, Preen DB, Glauert RA, O’Donnell M. Exposure to family and domestic violence is associated with increased childhood hospitalisations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237251. [PMID: 32764798 PMCID: PMC7413507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children’s exposure to family and domestic violence (FDV) is a global public health concern and is considered one of the most common and severe stressors children can experience. While it is acknowledged that children who are exposed to FDV have poorer general health, there is a lack of data on the outcomes of children exposed to FDV. The use of longitudinal data has been suggested as a way to gain an understanding of the impact on children’s long-term outcomes. Methods Our cohort study used deidentified individual-level linked administrative data of children born 1987–2010, in Western Australia, who were exposed to FDV in the prenatal period (12 months prior to birth) to five years of age (early years). Results Children exposed to FDV are more likely to be hospitalised than non-exposed children. Children exposed to FDV in both the prenatal and early childhood period had a threefold increased odds of mental health hospitalisation. We found a significant increase in odds of pregnancy-related hospitalisation in FDV exposed children. When stratified by Aboriginal status, Aboriginal children had a higher proportion of hospitalisations than non-Aboriginal children. Conclusion Exposed children have an increased likelihood for hospitalisation than non-exposed children. Within the exposed cohort differences were apparent between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Aboriginal children had greater odds for hospitalisation in most of the diagnostic groups compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. Our findings represent an important advance in the literature with respect to the burden of disease of children exposed to FDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Colleen M. Fisher
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David B. Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca A. Glauert
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa O’Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Carlin E, Cox Z, Spry E, Monahan C, Marley JV, Atkinson D. "When I got the news": Aboriginal fathers in the Kimberley region yarning about their experience of the antenatal period. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:513-522. [PMID: 32589308 PMCID: PMC8359486 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Issue addressed Paternal involvement during the antenatal period is recognised as a positive contributor to a child's health and developmental outcomes. Little is known about Aboriginal Australian men's experiences and perceptions during their partner's antenatal period. Methods A qualitative yarning methodology was used to explore the experiences of ten Aboriginal Australian fathers during their partner's antenatal period, in a remote Northern Australian town. Results The study found the participants valued supporting their partners through pregnancy, making positive changes to their lifestyles, and having access to information on pregnancy. Participants described experiencing multiple stressors during the antenatal period that impacted on their social and emotional wellbeing. This is despite the range of protective factors identified by them. Participants had diverse experiences with health care providers during the antenatal period. Conclusions This study demonstrated that these Aboriginal men valued engagement with antenatal care (ANC) services and highlighted strategies to improve Aboriginal paternal involvement with ANC services. So what? Enhancing ANC to be inclusive of fathers, through a local co‐design process, could strengthen and support Aboriginal families to achieve improved health and wellbeing outcomes across the family system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Carlin
- The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Broome, WA, Australia.,Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services, Broome, WA, Australia
| | - Zaccariah Cox
- Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services, Broome, WA, Australia
| | - Erica Spry
- The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Broome, WA, Australia.,Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services, Broome, WA, Australia
| | - Conor Monahan
- The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Broome, WA, Australia
| | - Julia V Marley
- The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Broome, WA, Australia.,Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services, Broome, WA, Australia
| | - David Atkinson
- The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Broome, WA, Australia
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Orr C, Fisher C, Sims S, Preen D, Glauert R, O'Donnell M. Hospitalisations for maternal assault are associated with increased risk of child protection involvement. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 95:104014. [PMID: 31325682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research shows a co-occurrence between children's exposure to violence and child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE This study examined the risk of maltreatment allegations in children whose mothers had been hospitalised due to an assault. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study used a retrospective cohort of children born in Western Australia between 1990-2009 (N = 524,534) using de-identified linked-administrative data. METHODS Multivariate Cox regression determined the adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios for child maltreatment allegation in children with a mother hospitalised for assault. Models were adjusted for a range of sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS One in five children had a maltreatment allegation following their mother's hospitalisation for assault. This increased to two in five children when the mother was assaulted in the prenatal period. Aboriginal children accounted for 57.6% of all allegations despite representing only 7.8% of the population. Children whose mother had a hospitalisation for assault were nine-times (HR = 9.20, 95%CI: 8.98-9.43) more likely to have a subsequent maltreatment allegation than children whose mother did not have a hospitalisation for assault. Following adjustment for confounding factors, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children had an almost two-fold increased risk of maltreatment allegation (HR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.43-1.70; HR = 1.93 95%CI:1.80-2.07). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that child maltreatment allegation is common in children following a maternal hospitalisation for assault. Targeted early intervention is required for families with young children, and pregnant women experiencing violence. Importantly service staff need awareness of the impact of violence on families and the appropriate services to refer families to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, M431, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6959, Australia.
| | - Colleen Fisher
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, M431, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - David Preen
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, M431, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
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