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Cannon CEB, Ferreira R, Buttell F, O'Connor A. Intimate Partner Violence Survivorship, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Disaster: Implications for Future Disasters. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:3251-3271. [PMID: 37226434 PMCID: PMC11380366 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231176205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence among a sample of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors (n = 77) who filed for restraining orders in rural Louisiana during the COVID-19 pandemic. IPV survivors were individually interviewed to assess their self-reported levels of perceived stress, resilience, potential PTSD, COVID-19-related experiences, and sociodemographic characteristics. Data were analyzed to differentiate group membership between two groups; non-PTSD and probable PTSD. Results suggest the probable PTSD group had lower levels of resilience and higher levels of perceived stress compared to the non-PTSD group. Findings suggest the importance of providing services during disaster to reduce PTSD for IPV survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E B Cannon
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Regardt Ferreira
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Social Work, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Fred Buttell
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Becker P, Miller SL, Iovanni L. Pathways to Resistance: Theorizing Trauma and Women's Use of Force in Intimate Relationships. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241233000. [PMID: 38425305 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241233000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Using a feminist pathways general strain perspective, we explore the victim-offender continuum for women who perpetrated intimate partner violence/abuse (IPV/A). We use data from 86 women court-mandated to "female offender" domestic violence treatment programs, located in an American East Coast state, who were surveyed about their adverse childhood experiences and mental health/well-being as adults. Findings from bivariate linear regressions indicate childhood trauma negatively affects adult mental health/well-being, exacerbated for Black Indigenous People of Color women, suggesting a victim rather than an offender categorization for women using force against their abusive partner. Results imply the need to consider women's traumatic histories and IPV/A victimization, given an incident-driven system that criminalizes victimization over the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Becker
- Department of Criminology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Susan L Miller
- Department of Sociology & Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - LeeAnn Iovanni
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
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King WM, Fleischer NL, Operario D, Chatters LM, Gamarel KE. Inequities in the distribution of adverse childhood experiences and their association with health among transgender people of color. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106654. [PMID: 38350400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racism and cisgenderism expose transgender people of color to adversity across the life course. However, little is known about the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in this population or their association with health in comparison to other groups. OBJECTIVE Guided by the structural trauma framework, we examined race/ethnicity/gender group differences in the prevalence of ACEs and their association with adult mental and physical health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 2019-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. METHODS Transgender participants (n = 551) were matched with two cisgender men (n = 1102) and two cisgender women (n = 1102) on key covariates. We compared age-adjusted predicted probabilities of nine ACEs by race/ethnicity/gender group. We then fit adjusted logistic regression models predicting poor mental and physical health by each ACE and compared marginal effects between groups. RESULTS Transgender people of color had higher age-adjusted probabilities of six ACEs than at least one other group; for example, household incarceration was 0.16 (95 % CI: 0.11-0.22) compared to 0.09 (95 % CI: 0.06-0.13) for cisgender men of color (p = 0.032). The relationship between five ACEs and poor mental health was greater for transgender people of color than at least one other group. For instance, the marginal effect of household alcoholism on poor mental health was 0.28 (95 % CI: 0.11-0.45) compared to 0.07 (0.01-0.14) for White cisgender men (p = 0.031). There were no statistically significant differences regarding effects on poor physical health. CONCLUSIONS ACEs inequitably impact transgender people of color, reflecting the need to restructure the interlocking systems that drive adversity among transgender children of color and exacerbate ACEs' health effects among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M King
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1525 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America.
| | - Linda M Chatters
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; University of Michigan School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
| | - Kristi E Gamarel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
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Aizpurua E, Caravaca-Sánchez F, Wolff N. Validation and measurement invariance of the childhood trauma questionnaire short form among incarcerated men and women in Spain. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106527. [PMID: 37950962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is highly prevalent among incarcerated individuals and contributes to a range of negative outcomes. Assessing traumatic childhood events in prison settings requires valid, reliable, and effective instruments. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS This study evaluated the performance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), originally developed and validated in English, within a sample of incarcerated men and women (n = 1118 and n = 207, respectively) in six Spanish prisons. RESULTS The results indicated that the CTQ-SF had an acceptable fit in our sample. However, the internal consistency of the Physical Neglect subscale was found to be deficient (α = 0.57), especially among women (α = 0.43). This finding aligns with previous research across different contexts, which may signal weaknesses in the original construction of this subscale. The CTQ-SF demonstrated limited invariance between men and women, with only configural invariance being achieved, constraining the comparisons that can be made across sexes. In the absence of scalar invariance, comparisons of factor means to assess severity may be misleading, and caution is recommended when comparing prevalence estimates for men and women in Spanish prisons. Nonetheless, our findings support the convergent validity of the CTQ-SF, as trauma severity showed moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression. CONCLUSIONS These results underscore the importance of evaluating the performance of instruments across various cultural contexts and populations to ensure the validity of study conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aizpurua
- National Centre for Social Research, London, United Kingdom..
| | | | - Nancy Wolff
- Bloustein Center for Survey Research. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 33 Livingston Avenue, Office 273, United States
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Beiter K, Danos D, Conrad E, Broyles S, Zabaleta J, Mussell J, Phillippi S. PTSD treatment reduces risk of trauma recidivism in a diverse community at a safety-net hospital: A propensity score analysis of data from a level one trauma center. Injury 2022; 53:2493-2500. [PMID: 35641330 PMCID: PMC11036415 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physically-traumatic injuries result in PTSD for approximately 10% of Americans, and this rate is higher among individuals of color and those living in poverty. Individuals of color living in poverty experience lower access to PTSD and other mental health services. Untreated PTSD is associated with increased risk of trauma recidivism, but it is unknown if provision of treatment is actually associated with a subsequent reduction in recidivism risk. METHODS For this observational cross-sectional study, data were collected retrospectively from the Trauma Registry of a level one trauma center, safety-net hospital in New Orleans between 2018 and 2020. Receipt of outpatient PTSD treatment at this same hospital was evaluated via chart review of the electronic health record. Propensity score matching was used to balance confounding variables of trauma type (assault vs. non-assault), gender, and race. McNemar test and Cox proportional hazard model were used with the propensity-balanced dataset to assess differences in trauma recidivism according to PTSD treatment status. RESULTS Among 5916 trauma activations that occurred in the study period, 92 instances of recidivism occurred. 91 pairs were established after balancing with the propensity score. 1-year recidivism was 2.2% (n = 2) of all treated individuals versus 15.4% (n = 14) of non-treated individuals (p < 0.0001). The marginal risk from the Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated an 82% reduction in risk of recidivism (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that mental health treatment can be used to reduce trauma recidivism. These data were shown among a high-risk population of disproportionately Black men living in a low-income community. Ensuring access to quality mental health care is one way to address the health disparities associated with physically-traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin Beiter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Floor 3, New Orleans LA 70112, United States.
| | - Denise Danos
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Floor 3, New Orleans LA 70112, United States
| | - Erich Conrad
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Floor 3, New Orleans LA 70112, United States
| | - Stephanie Broyles
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Floor 3, New Orleans LA 70112, United States
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Floor 3, New Orleans LA 70112, United States
| | - Jason Mussell
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Floor 3, New Orleans LA 70112, United States
| | - Stephen Phillippi
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Floor 3, New Orleans LA 70112, United States
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Jones MS, Burge SW, Sharp SF, McLeod DA. Childhood adversity, mental health, and the perpetration of physical violence in the adult intimate relationships of women prisoners: A life course approach. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104237. [PMID: 31981933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common, with nearly two-thirds of adult samples reporting exposure to at least one and one-quarter reporting exposure to three or more distinct types of ACEs. ACEs have been linked to various negative outcomes across the life course, including mental health problems, and the perpetration of physical violence in intimate relationships. However, little is known about the relationships between ACEs, PTSD symptomology, and use of physical violence against an adult intimate partner among incarcerated women. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between ACEs, PTSD symptoms, and the perpetration of the physical violence in the adult intimate relationships of women prisoners. METHODS Using data from the 2014 Oklahoma Study of Incarcerated Mothers and Their Children (N = 349) and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, we investigate the potential mediating effect of PTSD symptoms in the relationship between ACEs and perpetrating violence against an intimate partner. RESULTS Our findings indicate that PTSD symptomology fully mediates the relationship between ACEs and the perpetration of physical violence against an adult intimate partner, indicating that PTSD experiences may be central to understanding women's pathways toward violence. CONCLUSIONS Women prisoners who were exposed to ACEs during childhood were at a particularly elevated risk of developing PTSD symptomology and perpetrating physical violence against an adult intimate partner. Based on the current study's findings, treatment programs that address these complex relationships between ACEs, particularly focusing on the central role of mental health in these processes, are needed for incarcerated women.
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