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Bhattacharya A, Casey EA. Help-Seeking Patterns Among Students Experiencing Sexual Harassment: A Latent Class Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:3543-3565. [PMID: 38415625 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241233269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Sexual harassment continues to be a pervasive problem in institutes of higher education. Despite this, there are significant gaps in research and our understanding related to students' help-seeking associated with sexual harassment. Understanding students' help-seeking patterns is critical in improving and streamlining campus-wide resources. The following study uses a latent class analysis to examine whether unique patterns of help-seeking exist among students experiencing sexual harassment and whether there are meaningful differences between help-seeking groups with respect to incident characteristics, campus climate, and demographic profiles. Data used in this analysis are from an anonymous, web-based campus climate survey across a university system that included 7,318 undergraduate and 3,484 graduate students. Of these, 704 undergraduates and 229 graduate students reported experiencing sexual harassment. Our results indicated four help-seeking groups: Comprehensive help-seeking group (engaged in multiple types of formal and informal help-seeking), Informal help-seeking group (relied exclusively on friends as sources of support), Low help-seeking group (individuals in this group told virtually no one about their experience, including friends or family), and Unsure group (reached out to friends in large numbers but universally characterized themselves as not knowing what to do). Across classes, findings highlight significant differences related to incident characteristics (offender identity and incident location), student status, and racial identity. Our results point to the heterogeneity of patterns and responses in help-seeking for students experiencing sexual harassment. Variations in help-seeking across different classes highlight that students' perceptions and preferences for formal and informal support depend on their specific type. Our study is a reminder that survivors access support through diverse ways; understanding these distinct patterns in help-seeking behaviors based on specific subgroups will help universities tailor programs that better align with students' contextual needs and realities.
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Lévesque S, Jean-Thorn A, Rousseau C. A Latent Class Analysis of Reproductive Coercion Experiences Based on Victim-Survivors' Acknowledgment and Disclosure Patterns. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241259409. [PMID: 38898711 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241259409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive coercion (RC) is a form of violence involving behavior that interferes with an individual's contraceptive and reproductive decisions. Like other forms of violence perpetrated by intimate partners, victims of RC do not necessarily identify it as such. Similarly, victim-survivors do not readily disclose their experiences or seek support and treatment. This study identifies patterns of acknowledgment and formal and informal disclosure of RC experiences in a community sample of 317 participants. Latent classes are then compared with respect to characteristics of victims/survivors, RC consequences, and associated contexts. Participants completed measures to assess experiences of RC and violence perpetuated by intimate partners as well as social support, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and consequences for psychological and sexual health. Latent class analysis was performed to identify acknowledgment and disclosure patterns. An optimal three-class solution was selected: High unacknowledgment with ambivalence, High disclosure (41%); High acknowledgment, High disclosure (30%); and Hesitant acknowledgment, No disclosure (29%). Classes were identified according to the presence of social support, living with a disability, victimization experiences, and mental and sexual health consequences. Future studies should explore the relationship between RC acknowledgment and disclosure, which can influence victims' search trajectories for support and services.
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Vileisis J, Laufer B. Domestic violence as a risk factor of maternal filicide. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01430-8. [PMID: 38358536 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper will investigate precursors to maternal filicide, focusing on domestic violence. While psychosis is often well described, less frequently explored are the connections between prior trauma, domestic violence, depression, and filicide. We will discuss reasons why a woman may not disclose domestic violence and suggest possible areas for intervention. METHODS We present a case involving domestic violence, its impact on mental health, and eventual filicide. We then present an alternative scenario of the same case where filicide is considered, but is avoided. RESULTS The case of the mother who experienced domestic violence and was accused and sentenced for filicide is seen in greater relief by presenting the case in an alternative scenario with effective interventions. It is clear the availability and the ability to access community supports, such as obstetric and pediatric screening, psychiatric treatment, domestic violence shelters, intimate partner violence outreach services, parenting support groups, and hospital social work case management, tragedies such as filicide can be prevented. CONCLUSION Traumatic early childhood experiences predispose people to a stress-response system that is more prone to inactivity and impulsivity. This can cause women in domestic violence relationships to stay, limit their options for family planning, become increasingly depressed, not seek community support, and risk impulsive action of harming their child. This risk can be mitigated by building stable relationships with their medical team, treating depression, connecting with home visitation programs, and being empowered to access contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vileisis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Brooke Laufer
- Private Practice, Independent Scholar, Evanston, IL, USA
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Juarros-Basterretxea J, Fernández-Álvarez N, Torres-Vallejos J, Herrero J. Perceived Reportability of Intimate Partner Violence against Women to the Police and Help-seeking: A National Survey. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION = INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2024; 33:55-64. [PMID: 38298215 PMCID: PMC10826975 DOI: 10.5093/pi2024a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The literature has consistently found that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are reluctant to make their situation visible and report it to the police. Whether victims perceive and define IPV behaviors as reportable is key to understanding in which cases the police are seen as potential providers of help or whether other potential sources of help (family, friends, professionals, etc.) are preferred. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of perceived reportability of IPV on women's selection of the police as a source of help compared to not seeking help or selecting other sources of help. Structural equation modeling was applied to data from 479 female participants drawn from a nationally representative sample of 1,112 male and female Chilean adolescents and young adults conducted by the National Youth Institute of Chile. The results showed that perceived reportability was a significant predictor of choosing the police as a source of help compared to other informal sources of help, such as family and friends. However, perceived reportability did not affect help-seeking choices between the police and other formal help sources (psychologists, public services). Participants' IPV victimization and attitudes toward IPV also played a specific role in selecting the police as a source of help. These findings highlight the complexity of the visibility of women's IPV victimization to the police and the need to examine its explanatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Herrero
- Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpainUniversidad de Oviedo, Spain;
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Alexander KA, Mpundu G, Duroseau B, Osian N, Chambers S, McCree D, Tobin KE, Willie TC. Intervention Approaches to Address Intimate Partner Violence and HIV: a Scoping Review of Recent Research. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:296-311. [PMID: 37768511 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a critical challenge to HIV prevention and treatment efforts across the globe. We examined recently published (January 9, 2017-January 9, 2023) integrated behavioral interventions designed to address IPV and HIV across the care continuum. RECENT FINDINGS Fifteen studies (involving n = 10,947 participants) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Majority (n = 13) of studies focused on IPV and HIV prevention whereas two studies addressed IPV and HIV care engagement among women living with HIV. Ten studies were conducted on the African continent representing 5 countries. Most interventions (n = 11) focused on individual-level outcomes among cisgender women although two involved male partners. About half of the interventions reviewed (n = 8) showed effectiveness on both IPV and HIV outcomes compared to control groups. Integrated HIV/IPV interventions are needed to address the synergistic nature of these epidemics among marginalized populations. Future studies should focus on developing and implementing strength-based interventions among people living with HIV, men, transgender people, and Black women in the USA. Additionally, researchers and program managers should consider addressing structural and internalized stigma as potential behavioral mechanisms for improving health among people simultaneously experiencing or at-risk for HIV and IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila A Alexander
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, N430G, Baltimore, MD, 21213, USA.
| | - Gloria Mpundu
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, N430G, Baltimore, MD, 21213, USA
| | - Brenice Duroseau
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, N430G, Baltimore, MD, 21213, USA
| | - Nkemakolem Osian
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Shadae Chambers
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, N430G, Baltimore, MD, 21213, USA
| | - DaJaneil McCree
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, N430G, Baltimore, MD, 21213, USA
| | - Karin E Tobin
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tiara C Willie
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Cho S, Kim C, Owens JG. Understanding of Factors Associated with Reporting to the Police, Helping Seeking, and Adopting in Self-protection among Stalking Victims: A Latent Class Analysis. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION 2023; 32:141-154. [PMID: 37691714 PMCID: PMC10484020 DOI: 10.5093/pi2023a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Victims of stalking use multiple help-seeking behaviors including reporting their experiences to the police, obtaining a restraining order, blocking communication, and relying on informal social networks like friends, family, or therapists. The goal of this study is to, first, identify distinct subgroups of stalking victims based on their help-seeking behaviors. Next, we identify the direct effect of sex, victim-offender relationship, and offense severity on class membership. Finally, we include negative emotions as a mediating effect. Using the 2016 National Crime Victimization Survey's Supplemental Victimization Survey data, latent class analysis was utilized to identify class membership among 1,459 stalking victims. The results indicate three groups: passive help-seekers, informal help-seekers, and active help-seekers. We found that females are more likely to be assigned to the active or informal group and these two groups appear to experience more severe stalking behaviors compared to the passive group. Specifically, victims were less likely to ask for help actively and ask family, friends, and non-professional people for help for whom stalking took place by other/unable to identify individuals. Victims whose stalkers had a criminal record, whose stalkers threatened themselves or others, as well as who suffered stalking lasting for months and the most often were more likely to ask for help actively and ask family, friends, and non-professional people for help. The significance of victims' perceptions of severity of both groups is only partially mediated by negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Cho
- Southern Illinois University CarbondaleUSASouthern Illinois University Carbondale, USA;
| | - Chunrye Kim
- Saint Joseph’s UniversityPhiladelphiaUSASaint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, USA;
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Dickson KS, Boateng ENK, Adzrago D, Addo IY, Acquah E, Nyarko SH. Silent suffering: unveiling factors associated with women's inability to seek help for intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Reprod Health 2023; 20:110. [PMID: 37496013 PMCID: PMC10373244 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs more frequently in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) than in other regions of the world. However, limited empirical studies exist on the help-seeking behaviour of women who had experienced IPV in SSA. This study aimed to examine the help-seeking behaviour of women who had experienced IPV in SSA and the factors associated with their inability to seek help after experiencing IPV. METHODS This is a quantitative study based on data from the latest demographic and health surveys (DHS) of 24 SSA countries. A sample of 53,446 women aged 15-49 years was included in the study. Associations between women's background characteristics and their help-seeking behaviour after experiencing IPV were examined using proportions and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Overall, 60.7% of the sample did not seek help after experiencing IPV. Women's inability to seek help for IPV was highest in Mali (80.4%) and lowest in Tanzania (43.1%). Women's level of education, wealth status, marital status, age, occupation, and country of residence had significant associations with 'not seeking help' for any type of IPV. Those who experienced generational violence (AOR = 1.26, CI = 1.19, 1.33) and those who justified wife-beating (AOR = 1.09, CI = 1.07, 1.15) had higher odds of not seeking help for any type of IPV compared to those who did not experience generational violence or did not justify wife beating. Women who experienced emotional violence (AOR = 0.53, CI = 0.51, 0.55) and physical violence (AOR = 0.74, CI = 0.70, 0.76) had lower odds of not seeking help for any type of IPV compared to their counterparts who did not experience these types of violence. CONCLUSION Women's inability to seek help for IPV is common in many SSA countries. This study shows that several socio-demographic factors, such as women's age, educational levels, wealth status, and marital status are associated with their inability to seek help for IPV. Additionally, women's justification of wife beating and experience of generational abuse are strongly associated with their inability to seek help for IPV. These factors need to be considered critically in IPV interventions in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwamena S Dickson
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer N K Boateng
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - David Adzrago
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isaac Y Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evelyn Acquah
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health, and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samuel H Nyarko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Sabri B, Campbell JC. Firearm-Related Risks and Consequences for Immigrant Women in Abusive Relationships: Barriers to Reporting Threats to Safety and Recommendations for Safety Planning. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2023; 33:407-431. [PMID: 38666244 PMCID: PMC11042680 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2023.2224257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Firearms are the leading cause of intimate partner violence-related murders of women in the US. This study aimed to understand differing consequences of partners' firearm possession on abused women and barriers women face in reporting threats to safety due to the partners' possession of a firearm.. Additionally, the study explored participants' perceptions of effective approaches to risk assessments and safety planning with women who are at-risk for being harmed by their partners' possession of a firearm. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with seventeen service providers and 45 immigrant women survivors of intimate partner violence were conducted. Data were analyzed using content analysis procedure. Participants shared that the partners' possession of a firearm can increase risk for firearm-related injury or fatality in situations of escalation of violence. Abused women living with a partner with firearm possession live in constant fear or threat. The presence of a firearm can also be a trigger of unwanted memories of the past and can have legal and other consequences for survivors. Impediments to reporting threats to safety were barriers such as lack of knowledge of firearm-related risks and gender and social norms. The findings can be informative for safety planning with survivors of IPV whose partners own or have access to a firearm. Comprehensive assessment of risks and barriers can be used to develop individualized and tailored safety plans for survivors with a partner who possesses a firearm.
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Bloom TL, Perrin N, Brown ML, Campbell J, Clough A, Grace KT, Laughon K, Messing J, Eden KB, Turner R, Glass N. Concerned friends of intimate partner violence survivors: results from the myPlan randomized controlled trial on college campuses. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1033. [PMID: 37259087 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly half of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors experience their first abusive relationship at college age (18-24 years). Most often they disclose the violence to friends. Existing college campus "bystander" interventions training peers to safely intervene have been effective in sexual assault prevention; similar interventions have rarely been tested for IPV. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of an interactive, personalized safety decision and planning tool, myPlan app, on decisional conflict, decisional preparedness, confidence in intervening, supportive safety behaviors, and IPV attitudes with concerned friends of abused college women. METHODS We recruited college students (age 18-24, N = 293) of any gender who had a female-identified friend who had recently experienced IPV ("concerned friends") from 41 Oregon and Maryland colleges/universities. Participants were randomized to myPlan (n = 147) or control (usual web-based resources; n = 146). Outcomes included decisional conflict, decisional preparedness, confidence to intervene, safety/support behaviors, and IPV attitudes. RESULTS At baseline, concerned friends described the abused person as a close/best friend (79.1%); 93.7% had tried at least one strategy to help. Most (89.2%) reported concerns their friend would be seriously hurt by the abuser; 22.7% reported extreme concern. Intervention participants had greater improvements in decisional conflict (specifically, understanding of their own values around the decision to intervene and help a friend) and decisional preparedness immediately after their first use of myPlan, and a significantly greater increase in confidence to talk with someone about their own relationship concerns at 12 months. At 12-month follow-up, both intervention and control groups reported increased confidence to intervene, and did not differ significantly in terms of percentage of safety/support strategies used, whether strategies were helpful, or IPV attitudes. CONCLUSIONS A technology-based intervention, myPlan, was effective in reducing one aspect of decisional conflict (improving clarity of values to intervene) and increasing decisional preparedness to support a friend in an unsafe relationship. Information on IPV and related safety strategies delivered through the myPlan app or usual web-based resources both increased confidence to intervene with a friend. College students in the myPlan group were more likely to talk with someone about concerns about their own relationship, demonstrating potential for IPV prevention or early intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02236663, registration date 10/09/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina L Bloom
- School of Nursing, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland, US.
| | - Nancy Perrin
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, US
| | | | | | - Amber Clough
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, US
| | | | - Kathryn Laughon
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, US
| | - Jill Messing
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, US
| | - Karen B Eden
- Dept of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, US
| | - Rachael Turner
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, US
| | - Nancy Glass
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, US
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Scheer JR, Lawlace M, Cascalheira CJ, Newcomb ME, Whitton SW. Help-Seeking for Severe Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults Assigned Female at birth: A Latent Class Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6723-6750. [PMID: 36472356 PMCID: PMC10050117 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221137711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) report high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. Despite adverse health outcomes of IPV, many survivors, particularly SGM-AFAB, do not seek help. This study (1) examined the proportion of SGM-AFAB who reported severe IPV victimization who sought help; (2) elucidated patterns of help-seeking facilitators and barriers; and (3) identified associations between sociodemographic characteristics, IPV victimization types, and minority stressors and latent classes of help-seeking facilitators and barriers. Participants included 193 SGM-AFAB (Mage = 20.6, SD = 3.4; 65.8% non-monosexual; 73.1% cisgender; 72.5% racial/ethnic minority; 16.6% annual household income $20,000 or less). Most participants who experienced severe IPV did not seek help (62.2%). Having a person or provider who was aware of the participant's abusive relationship was the most common reason for seeking help (50; 68.5%). Minimizing IPV was the most common reason for not seeking help (103; 87.3%). Fewer than 5% of SGM-AFAB who experienced severe IPV and who did not seek help reported SGM-specific help-seeking barriers, including not wanting to contribute to negative perceptions of the LGBTQ community, not disclosing their SGM status, and perceiving a lack of tailored services. Help-seeking facilitators and barriers varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Three classes of help-seeking facilitators and two classes of help-seeking barriers emerged. SGM-AFAB subgroups based on sexual and gender identity, recent coercive control, and identity as IPV victims differed in latent classes. This study's findings confirm SGM-AFAB IPV survivors' low likelihood of seeking help. Our results also underscore the importance of continuing to bolster SGM-AFAB survivors' access to trauma-informed, culturally sensitive, and affirming support. Further, multilevel prevention and intervention efforts are needed to reduce minimization of abuse and anticipatory judgment and blame among SGM-AFAB who hold multiple marginalized identities, experience coercive control, and identify as IPV victims.
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Sianko N, McDonell JR, Small MA. Who to Tell? A Latent Class Analysis of Adolescents' Intentions to Disclose Dating Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON CHILD MALTREATMENT : RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 5:105-127. [PMID: 35224450 PMCID: PMC8871598 DOI: 10.1007/s42448-021-00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' willingness to disclose violence in romantic relationships has important implications for their safety and overall well-being. However, research is limited on adolescent intentions to seek help for dating violence. Using self-report data from 493 rural youth (54% male, 49.7% African American), this study examined heterogeneity of adolescent help-seeking in relation to different forms of violence and sources of potential disclosure. Latent class analyses identified four distinct groups of adolescents: (a) Multi-help-seekers (20.5%) who are likely to seek help for any form of dating violence from multiple sources, (b) Reluctant help-seekers (21.1%) who are unlikely to seek help for any form of violence from any source, (c) Informal help-seekers (28.8%) who are willing to disclose dating violence primarily to caregivers and friends, and (d) Selective help-seekers (29.5%) with varied intentions to disclose some forms of violence to select people. Results further revealed that class membership was differentially related to gender and caregiver's level of education. Additionally, findings confirmed expectations that variation in adolescent well-being and safety measures was a function of membership in help-seeking classes. The article discusses these findings in the context of targeted programs and services to promote help-seeking among rural youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Sianko
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, 321 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA,Corresponding author
| | - James R. McDonell
- Institute on Family and Neighborhood Life, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Mark A. Small
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
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Sabri B, Avignon K, Murray S, Njie-Carr VPS, Young AM, Noor-Oshiro A, Arscott J, Messing J, Campbell JC. Impact of Sources of Strengths on Coping and Safety of Immigrant Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. AFFILIA 2022; 37:118-135. [PMID: 35400809 PMCID: PMC8993028 DOI: 10.1177/0886109920978560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a national and international public health and human rights concern. Immigrant women are disproportionately affected by IPV that includes homicides. This study explored the perspectives of survivors of IPV, who are immigrants to the United States, regarding their sources of strength that enhance their safety and promote coping in abusive relationships. Data for this qualitative study were collected from ethnically diverse immigrant women residing in Massachusetts, Arizona, Virginia, Washington, D.C., New York, Minnesota, and California, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Eighty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with adult immigrant survivors of IPV who self-identified as Asian (n = 30), Latina (n = 30), and African (n = 23). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Women identified both external (e.g., community support, support from social service agencies) and internal (e.g., optimism, faith, beliefs) sources of strength. The study highlights how these sources can adequately address needs of survivors and offers areas for improvement in services for survivors. The findings are informative for practitioners serving immigrant survivors of IPV in legal, social service, and physical and mental health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sabri
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karissa Avignon
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Murray
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica P. S. Njie-Carr
- Department of Organizational Systems Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Marie Young
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amelia Noor-Oshiro
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joyell Arscott
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill Messing
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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