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Curran T, Seiter JS, Elwood RE, Lindsay MC. Negative Social Exchanges During the Pandemic, Loneliness, and the Mediating Role of Stress and Feeling Misunderstood Among People at High-Risk for COVID-19 Related Complications. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38515233 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2332004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the links between social interactions and mental health for people who are high-risk for COVID-19 complications. Specifically, we tested the relationships between negative social exchanges during the pandemic and loneliness through two mediators: stress and feeling misunderstood about one's health status. Data were collected via Amazon's MTurk from participants (N = 271) who self-identified as being high-risk for COVID-19. The results from our model showed both a direct association between negative social interactions and loneliness, and an indirect link between these variables through stress. Overall, these results highlight the importance of understanding social interactions for people who are at high-risk for COVID-19 and their mental well-being. The results and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John S Seiter
- Department of Communication Studies and Philosophy, Utah State University
| | - Rebecca E Elwood
- Department of Communication Studies and Philosophy, Utah State University
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2
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Bhuptani PH, Hunter J, Goodwin C, Millman C, Orchowski LM. Characterizing Intimate Partner Violence in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3220-3235. [PMID: 36321779 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221126187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant global health concern. Numerous research studies document increases in IPV since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Despite this widespread recognition, research around the nature of this violence is still growing. This systematic review summarizes the existing literature documenting the prevalence and characteristics of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inclusion criteria are as follows: reported original data empirical study, assessed for IPV among adult population in the United States, and was published in English between December 2019 and March 2022. A total of 53 articles were then independently reviewed and sorted into four thematic subcategories: victimization, perpetration, articles addressing victimization and perpetration, and provider perspectives. Studies document consistent increases in the prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration. Providers within agencies providing support to individuals impacted by IPV also documented increased strain on the agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi H Bhuptani
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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3
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Fox AB, Baier AL, Alpert E, Nillni YI, Galovski TE. Psychosocial and Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Veteran Men and Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1041-1051. [PMID: 37610854 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The psychosocial impacts of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on women Veterans' mental health compared to men are understudied, with few studies examining the differential impact of COVID-19 stressors on depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, little is known about whether social support may buffer against adverse pandemic-related outcomes for this population. In the present study, we examined (1) gender differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on numerous life domains, including economic, work, home, social, and health; (2) how pandemic impacts in these domains were associated with depression and PTSD symptoms; and (3) whether social support buffered against worse mental health outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data from 1530 Veterans enrolled in the Longitudinal Investigation of Gender, Health, and Trauma (LIGHT) study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple groups' path analyses. Results: Women reported higher pandemic impact scores across life domains. For both men and women, higher health impacts were associated with increased PTSD symptoms; differential findings emerged for depressive symptoms. Home and economic impacts were associated with increased depression for both men and women, social and health impacts were associated with depression for women, and work impacts were associated with depression for men. Higher social support was associated with decreased depressive symptoms for both men and women; however, social support moderated the relationship between pandemic impacts and both PTSD and depressive symptoms for women only. Conclusions: Findings highlight the value of social support in mitigating effects of pandemic-related stress, particularly for women Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie B Fox
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Healthcare Leadership, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison L Baier
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Alpert
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yael I Nillni
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara E Galovski
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Irizarry R, Gallaher H, Samuel S, Soares J, Villela J. How the Rise of Problematic Pornography Consumption and the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Led to a Decrease in Physical Sexual Interactions and Relationships and an Increase in Addictive Behaviors and Cluster B Personality Traits: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e40539. [PMID: 37342297 PMCID: PMC10277752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
On January 13, 2018, an alert was sent to Hawaii's people that a missile was heading toward them. People were in a state of alarm for 30 minutes before the government sent out a false alarm statement. Fifteen minutes after the message that told the people of Hawaii that they were not in danger went out, Pornhub's views spiked by 48%. On March 11, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was designated a pandemic. By March 25, 2020, Pornhub's views had spiked to over 24%. We took the research available on problematic pornography consumption, also referred to as internet sex addiction, pornography addiction, and cybersex addiction, and compared that to the rise of pornography use since the year 2000 and how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted pornography use and the effects it had on sexual and social relations. We also wanted to see if there is any association between pornography consumption and other addictive disorders and cluster B personality traits. There is currently no Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnosis for pornography addiction. We want to see if the data we gather can aid in identifying whether problematic pornography use has a place alongside other addictive disorders in the DSM-5. We hypothesize that inappropriate pornography consumption has increased since 2000, only to increase further during the pandemic. The null hypothesis, Ho, states there has been no change in the consumption of pornography since the 2000s. The alternative theory, Ha, says that the proportion of people who use pornography has increased over the past 23 years. As for other addictive disorders and cluster B personality traits, we hypothesize the research will show that greater than 50% of people exhibiting problematic pornography consumption will also have an additional addictive disorder and a cluster B personality trait. Our results support our hypothesis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, pornography consumption increased beyond the baseline. The results did not support our prediction of a significant association between other addictive disorders and cluster B personality traits with pornography consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley Gallaher
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
| | - Steven Samuel
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
| | - Jason Soares
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
| | - Julia Villela
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
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Carvalho M, Matias M. Parental exhaustion during COVID-19 pandemic: links to relationship outcomes and dyadic coping. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37359694 PMCID: PMC10186299 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown altered families? routines, from telework imposition to performing additional childcare, as children started studying at home. Adapting to these demands can have effects on couples' relationships. This study aimed to analyze couples? experiences of parental exhaustion during the lockdown and to understand its links to relationship satisfaction and conflict frequency. It also explored how couples' internal resources (e.g., dyadic coping) buffered these effects. We examined data from 210 individuals in a romantic relationship who were cohabiting with their partners, teleworking, and had children under 18. Absolute values of parental exhaustion and relationship quality were not severe, but there was evidence that parental exhaustion contributed to decreasing relationship satisfaction and increasing conflict. Positive forms of dyadic coping were found to moderate only the adverse effects on conflict frequency. Implications of these results to couple's support under stressful events are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Carvalho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Matias
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- R. Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135 Portugal
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Colton KC, Godleski SA, Baschnagel JS, Houston RJ, DeHarder SM. Alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: gender, parenthood, intimate partner violence, and stress. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:360-377. [PMID: 37304583 PMCID: PMC10251053 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Some preliminary work during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that adult alcohol use increased, particularly for parents. This cross-sectional study examined the quantity and frequency of adults' alcohol use during the early stages of the pandemic. Additionally, the influences of gender, parenthood, COVID-19-related stressors and intimate partner violence (IPV) on alcohol consumption were examined. The sample consisted of 298 adults (98 parents) from across the United States who completed self-report surveys through Qualtrics at the beginning of the pandemic in May 2020. In the present study, all men reported higher levels of drinking compared to all women. Although stress levels did not impact alcohol consumption, findings indicate that increased IPV experiences were associated with higher levels of heavy drinking during the pandemic. Results also suggested that having children in the home particularly impacted drinking levels during the pandemic, above and beyond the influence of gender, IPV, and stress levels. These findings suggest that parenthood may have had a cascading influence on drinking experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Bevan JL, Murphy MK, Lannutti PJ, Slatcher RB, Balzarini RN. A descriptive literature review of early research on COVID-19 and close relationships. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 40:201-253. [PMID: 38603371 PMCID: PMC9297072 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221115387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This in-depth critical review investigates the impact of COVID-19 on personal relationships from the start of the pandemic in early 2020 to September 2021. Research examining six themes are identified and described in detail: the impact of COVID-19 on (1) family and intimate relationships; (2) LGBTQ+ relationships; (3) how COVID-19 is linked to technologically mediated communication and personal relationships; (4) potential shifts in sexual behaviors and desire; (5) potential shifts in relational conflict and intimate partner violence; and (6) constructive aspects of personal relationships, which is a broad theme that includes outcomes such as resilience, relational quality, coping, and social support. Findings for overarching patterns are offered to highlight implications for current research and identify future directions to consider when continuing to study personal relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rhonda N Balzarini
- Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
- Kinsey Institute at Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Muldoon KA, Talarico R, Fell DB, Illingworth H, Sampsel K, Manuel DG. Population-Level Trends in Emergency Department Encounters for Sexual Assault Preceding and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Ontario, Canada. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2248972. [PMID: 36580330 PMCID: PMC9856789 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lockdown measures and the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic are factors associated with increased risk of violence, yet there is limited information on trends in emergency department (ED) encounters for sexual assault. OBJECTIVE To compare changes in ED encounters for sexual assault during the COVID-19 pandemic vs prepandemic estimates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, population-based cohort study used linked health administrative data from 197 EDs across Ontario, Canada, representing more than 15 million residents. Participants included all patients who presented to an ED in Ontario from January 11, 2019, to September 10, 2021. Male and female individuals of all ages were included. Data analysis was performed from March to October 2022. EXPOSURES Sexual assault, defined through 27 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, procedure and diagnoses codes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Ten bimonthly time periods were used to compare differences in the frequency and rates of ED encounters for sexual assault between 2020 to 2021 (during the pandemic) compared with baseline prepandemic rates in 2019. Rate differences (RDs) and age adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) and Wald 95% CIs were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS From January 11, 2019, to September 10, 2021, there were 14 476 656 ED encounters, including 10 523 for sexual assault (9304 [88.4%] among female individuals). The median (IQR) age was 23 (17-33) years for female individuals and 15 (4-29) years for male individuals. Two months before the pandemic, ED encounters increased for sexual assault among female individuals (8.4 vs 6.9 cases per 100 000; RD, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.96]; aRR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.38]) and male individuals (1.2 vs 1.0 cases per 100 000; RD, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.36]; aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.64]). During the first 2 months of the pandemic, the rates decreased for female individuals (4.2 vs 8.3 cases per 100 000; RD, -4.07 [95% CI, -4.48 to -3.67]; aRR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.58]) and male individuals (0.5 vs 1.2 cases per 100 000; RD, -0.72 [95% CI, -0.86 to -0.57]; aRR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.58]). For the remainder of the study period, the rates of sexual assault oscillated, returning to prepandemic levels during the summer months and between COVID-19 waves. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that lockdown protocols should evaluate the impact of limited care for sexual assault. Survivors should still present to EDs, especially when clinical care or legal interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Muldoon
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Talarico
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deshayne B. Fell
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kari Sampsel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas G. Manuel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Ward KP, Lee SJ. Associations of food insecurity and material social support with parent and child mental health during COVID-19. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 140:106562. [PMID: 35698461 PMCID: PMC9176171 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise of mental health problems during COVID-19 has been called a national crisis. Parents and caregivers reported parenting stress, anxiety, and depression, which may be exacerbated by economic insecurity. This study used longitudinal data to examine the association of food insecurity and material social support to subsequent parent and child mental health outcomes in the early weeks of COVID-19. Data were collected from a national convenience sample of U.S. parents (N = 359) at two time points: April 14, 2020 (T1) and April 30, 2020 (T2). Data were analyzed using multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses. Most of the sample were mothers (67.5%) and identified as White (69.6%). Among parents for whom services were applicable, over half (51.4%) were unable to receive free and reduced-cost school-based lunch. Food insecurity at T1 was significantly associated with higher odds of parental anxiety (OR = 1.52, p <.001) and depression (OR = 1.63, p <.001), as well as increased parenting stress (β = 0.16, p =.008) and parental report of child anxiety (β = 0.15, p =.014). Conversely, material social support was significantly associated with lower odds of parental anxiety (OR = 0.90, p =.014) and depression (OR = 0.85, p <.001), as well as lower levels of parenting stress (β = -0.20, p =.001) and parental report of child anxiety (β = -0.13, p =.028). Results suggest that household food insecurity may place parents and children at greater risk for mental health problems during COVID-19. However, access to tangible resources that offer material or financial support may be protective for both parent and child mental health. Study results suggest that policy interventions are needed to support the economic wellbeing of families during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawna J Lee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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Todorovic K, O’Leary E, Ward KP, Devarasetty PP, Lee SJ, Knox M, Andari E. Prevalence, increase and predictors of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, using modern machine learning approaches. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:883294. [PMID: 36032241 PMCID: PMC9403070 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.883294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We are facing an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is causing detrimental effects on mental health, including disturbing consequences on child maltreatment and intimate partner violence. Methods We sought to identify predictors of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence from 380 participants (mean age 36.67 ± 10.61, 63.2% male; Time 3: June 2020) using modern machine learning analysis (random forest and SHAP values). We predicted that COVID-related factors (such as days in lockdown), parents' psychological distress during the pandemic (anxiety, depression), their personality traits, and their intimate partner relationship will be key contributors to child maltreatment. We also examined if there is an increase in family violence during the pandemic by using an additional cohort at two time points (Time 1: March 2020, N = 434; mean age 35.67 ± 9.85, 41.69% male; and Time 2: April 2020, N = 515; mean age 35.3 ± 9.5, 34.33%). Results Feature importance analysis revealed that parents' affective empathy, psychological well-being, outdoor activities with children as well as a reduction in physical fights between partners are strong predictors of a reduced risk of child maltreatment. We also found a significant increase in physical punishment (Time 3: 66.26%) toward children, as well as in physical (Time 3: 36.24%) and verbal fights (Time 3: 41.08%) among partners between different times. Conclusion Using modernized predictive algorithms, we present a spectrum of features that can have influential weight on prediction of child maltreatment. Increasing awareness about family violence consequences and promoting parenting programs centered around mental health are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Todorovic
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Erin O’Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Kaitlin P. Ward
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Shawna J. Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michele Knox
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Elissar Andari
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Parrott DJ, Halmos MB, Stappenbeck CA, Moino K. Intimate Partner Aggression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations With Stress and Heavy Drinking. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2022; 12:95-103. [PMID: 35310779 PMCID: PMC8932678 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test empirically whether (1) the local impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in intimate partner aggression (IPA) and heavy drinking, and (2) heavy drinking moderated the association between COVID-19 stress and IPA perpetration. METHOD Participants were 510 individuals (approximately 50% who endorsed a sexual or gender minority identity) recruited via Qualtrics Research Services in April 2020, during the height of shelter-in-place (SiP) restrictions across the United States. They completed a questionnaire battery that included measures of COVID-19 stressors, physical and psychological IPA perpetration, and heavy drinking. RESULTS Rates of physical and psychological IPA perpetration significantly increased after implementation of SiP restrictions which aimed to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. COVID-19 stress was significantly and positively associated with physical and psychological IPA perpetration; however, COVID-19 stress was positively associated with physical IPA perpetration among non-heavy drinking, but not heavy drinking, participants. CONCLUSIONS Drawn from a large sample of participants of diverse sexual identities, findings tentatively implicate COVID-19 stress as a critical correlate of IPA perpetration and suggest that "low risk" individuals (i.e., non-heavy drinkers) should not be overlooked. These data provide preliminary support for the usefulness of public health polices and individual-level interventions that target stress, heavy drinking, and their antecedents.
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12
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Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health during Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052535. [PMID: 35270228 PMCID: PMC8909666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study took place in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research assesses the association between lockdown conditions (such as time spent at home, living environment, proximity to contamination and social contacts), mental health (including intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and depression) and intimate partner violence within the community. This study evaluates the indirect effect of anxiety and depression on the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and intimate partner violence (physical assault and psychological aggression). Methods: 1532 adults (80.8% of women, Mage = 35.34) were recruited from the Belgian general population through an online self-report questionnaire completed during the lockdown (from April 17 to 1 May 2020). Results: The results demonstrate that the prevalence of physical assault (including both perpetration and victimization) was significantly higher in men, whereas the prevalence of psychological aggression was significantly higher in women. Men reported significantly more violence during lockdown. Women, on the other hand, were more anxious and more intolerant of uncertainty. No difference between men and women was found for depression. Anxiety and depression significantly mediated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and physical assault and psychological aggression. Sex did not moderate the mediation. Conclusion: Clinical implications for public health policy are highlighted.
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Yarger J, Gutmann-Gonzalez A, Han S, Borgen N, Decker MJ. Young people's romantic relationships and sexual activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1780. [PMID: 34598698 PMCID: PMC8486634 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social distancing measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 may profoundly impact young people's relationships. This study compared adolescent and young adults' romantic relationships and sexual activity before and after social distancing policies were enacted. METHODS In June 2020, 351 youth participating in an ongoing intervention study in Fresno County, California completed an online survey about their experiences related to COVID-19. The survey included open and closed-ended questions about their romantic relationships, sexual activity, and online romantic or sexual interactions before and during social distancing restrictions. We used the chi-square test of independence to compare adolescent (ages 13-17) and young adults' (ages 18-21) responses. Results were also compared to responses in the intervention study's baseline survey. RESULTS One-third (37%) of youth were dating or in a romantic relationship and 28% spent time in person with a partner early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those dating or in a relationship, 34% physically distanced from their partner due to parental restrictions related to COVID-19. Youth also spent less time in person with their partners during the pandemic than before. Although most youth (69%) were not sexually active before or during the pandemic, 22% had sex during the social distancing period. Young adults were more likely to spend time with their partners and have sex during the restrictions than adolescents. Most youth were not involved in sexting or online dating, before or during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and young adults have continued to engage in sexual and romantic relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic, although many reported physical distancing from their partners. Results suggest that youth continue to need access to sexual health education and services during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yarger
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, UCSF Box 0842, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | - Abigail Gutmann-Gonzalez
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, UCSF Box 0842, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Sarah Han
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Natasha Borgen
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, UCSF Box 0842, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Martha J Decker
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, UCSF Box 0842, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Floor 2, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Aydogan D, Kara E, Kalkan E. Understanding relational resilience of married adults in quarantine days. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:8249-8259. [PMID: 34493914 PMCID: PMC8413688 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quarantine and isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic revealed a new stress condition in marriage relationship. This study aimed to investigate, under quarantine and isolation days, how relational resilience in marriage is explained with their psychological distress, and mediation roles of negative and positive dyadic coping in the marriage relationship between psychological distress and relational resilience. Data of the research study was obtained via an online form two months after the announcement of the pandemic in Turkey. The participants were 386 married people (49.7% were men, 50.3% women) who ranged in age from 23 to 65 years (M = 37.35, SD = 10.10). Participants were given Personal Information Form, The Relational Resilience Scale, The Dyadic Coping Inventory, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Results showed that negative and positive coping have mediating influence on psychological stress of married individuals and their relational resilience during quarantine. It is seen that especially in quarantine days, positive coping strategies of married individuals, in coping with these conditions, is an important factor increasing relational resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Aydogan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ece Kara
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Merkez Turkey
| | - Enes Kalkan
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance PhD Student University of Gazi, Ordu, Turkey
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