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Ashby EL, Donepudi S, Padilla HM. Understanding lactation policies and resources across a university system: survey and document review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:367. [PMID: 38750490 PMCID: PMC11094989 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the U.S., employees often return to work within 8-12 weeks of giving birth, therefore, it is critical that workplaces provide support for employees combining breastfeeding and work. The Affordable Care Act requires any organization with more than 50 employees to provide a space other than a restroom to express breastmilk and a reasonable amount of time during the workday to do so. States and worksites differ in the implementation of ACA requirements and may or may not provide additional support for employees combining breastfeeding and work. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the policies and resources available at 26 institutions within a state university system to support breastfeeding when employees return to work after giving birth. METHODS Survey data was collected from Well-being Liaisons in the human resources departments at each institution. In addition, we conducted a document review of policies and online materials at each institution. We used univariate statistics to summarize survey results and an inductive and deductive thematic analysis to analyze institutional resources available on websites and in policies provided by the liaisons. RESULTS A total of 18 (65.3%) liaisons participated in the study and revealed an overall lack of familiarity with the policies in place and inconsistencies in the resources offered to breastfeeding employees across the university system. Only half of the participating liaisons reported a formal breastfeeding policy was in place on their campus. From the document review, six major themes were identified: placing the burden on employees, describing pregnancy or postpartum as a "disability," having a university-specific policy, inclusion of break times for breastfeeding, supervisor responsibility, and information on lactation policies. CONCLUSION The review of each institution's online resources confirmed the survey findings and highlighted the burden placed on employees to discover the available resources and advocate for their needs. This paper provides insight into how institutions support breastfeeding employees and provides implications on strategies to develop policies at universities to improve breastfeeding access for working parents.
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Lee J, Jukarainen S, Karvanen A, Dixon P, Davies NM, Smith GD, Natarajan P, Ganna A. Quantifying the causal impact of biological risk factors on healthcare costs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5672. [PMID: 37704630 PMCID: PMC10499912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causal impact that clinical risk factors have on healthcare-related costs is critical to evaluate healthcare interventions. Here, we used a genetically-informed design, Mendelian Randomization (MR), to infer the causal impact of 15 risk factors on annual total healthcare costs. We calculated healthcare costs for 373,160 participants from the FinnGen Study and replicated our results in 323,774 individuals from the United Kingdom and Netherlands. Robust causal effects were observed for waist circumference (WC), adult body mass index, and systolic blood pressure, in which a standard deviation increase corresponded to 22.78% [95% CI: 18.75-26.95], 13.64% [10.26-17.12], and 13.08% [8.84-17.48] increased healthcare costs, respectively. A lack of causal effects was observed for certain clinically relevant biomarkers, such as albumin, C-reactive protein, and vitamin D. Our results indicated that increased WC is a major contributor to annual total healthcare costs and more attention may be given to WC screening, surveillance, and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakari Jukarainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Karvanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Padraig Dixon
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil M Davies
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF, UK
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Attridge M. Profile of Small Employers in the United States and the Importance of Employee Assistance Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1229-1236. [PMID: 36003013 PMCID: PMC9412145 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221112488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Attridge
- Attridge Consulting, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Mark Attridge, Attridge Consulting, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Henke RM. Knowing Well, Being Well: well-being born of understanding: Supporting Workforce Mental Health During the Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1213-1244. [PMID: 36003017 PMCID: PMC9523433 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Roomes D, Abraham L, Russell R, Beck C, Halsby K, Wood R, O'Brien M, Massey L, Burton K. Quantifying the Employer Burden of Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain at a Large Employer in the United Kingdom: A Non-interventional, Retrospective Study of Rolls-Royce Employee Data. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e145-e154. [PMID: 34941604 PMCID: PMC8887851 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the burden of work-relevant persistent musculoskeletal (MSK) pain to a large UK employer. METHODS A retrospective, longitudinal, analytical cohort study using linked Rolls-Royce data systems. Cases were employees with a MSK-related referral to occupational health; controls were age-, sex-, and job role-matched employees without such a referral. Outcomes were compared during 12 months' follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 2382 matched case-control pairs were identified (mean age: 46 y; 82% male). Cases took 39,200 MSK-related sickness absence days in total (equating to £50 million in sickness absence costs). Cases took significantly more all-cause sickness absence days than controls (82,341 [£106 million] versus 19,628 [£26 million]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Despite access to extensive occupational health services, the burden of work-relevant persistent MSK pain remains high in Rolls-Royce. There is a clear need to better understand how to effectively reduce this burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roomes
- Rolls-Royce plc, Derby, UK (Dr Roomes); Pfizer Ltd, Tadworth, UK (Ms Abraham, Dr Russell, Dr Beck, Dr Halsby); Adelphi Real World, Bollington, UK (Mr Wood, Ms O'Brien, Ms Massey); University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK (Dr Burton)
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Attridge M, Dickens SP. Onsite screening and enhanced EAP counseling improves overall health, depression, and work outcomes: Four-wave longitudinal pilot study at a community health center in Vermont. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2021.1971537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Attridge
- Attridge Consulting, Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven P. Dickens
- Invest EAP Centers for Wellbeing, State of Vermont Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Maglione JL. Health-Promoting Behaviors of Low-Income Adults in a Community Health Center. J Community Health Nurs 2021; 38:61-72. [PMID: 33949262 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2021.1887563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Health-promoting behaviors improve health, prevent disease, and decrease healthcare costs. This study describes the health-promotion behaviors and identifies influencing factors of health-promoting behaviors in low-income patients at a community health center. This cross-sectional study used participants from a center serving a low-income population. Spiritual growth and interpersonal relations were the two most practiced health-promoting behaviors. Age and education influenced participation in health-promoting behaviors. Promoting spiritual growth and interpersonal relations is a critical part of supporting health-promoting behaviors. Findings provide guidance for nurses to contribute to increasing healthy behaviors and develop interventions to improve participation in health-promoting behaviors.
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Examining the Implementation of Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Policies in a Large, Public Health Organization. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e26-e31. [PMID: 33378323 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the implementation of physical activity and healthy eating policies in eighteen locations of a large, public health organization. METHODS We used a mixed-methods design that included a survey of employees to describe location characteristics (ie, number of employees, race/ethnicity of employees), a survey of wellness ambassadors to determine which policies were implemented, and semi-structured, telephone interviews with wellness ambassadors to examine the barriers and facilitators to policy implementation. RESULTS Six locations implemented both policies, nine locations only implemented the physical activity policy, and two locations did not implement either policy. Structural characteristics and geographic spread impeded implementation, whereas leadership engagement and access to information about the policies facilitated implementation. CONCLUSIONS Consistent and adequate policy implementation in each location of an organization is critical to providing equity in health promotion programs for employees.
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Wang Z, Feng K. WITHDRAWN: Medical assurance system under reliability theory and countermeasures to public health risks. Work 2021:WOR205375. [PMID: 34308890 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- School of Law, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Feng
- School of Law, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wilson MG, DeJoy DM, Vandenberg RJ, Padilla HM, Haynes NJ, Zuercher H, Corso P, Lorig K, Smith ML. Translating CDSMP to the Workplace: Results of the Live Healthy Work Healthy Program. Am J Health Promot 2020; 35:491-502. [PMID: 33111541 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120968031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Report the results of a randomized, controlled trial of Live Healthy, Work Healthy (LHWH), a worksite translation of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP). DESIGN 14 worksites were randomly assigned to LHWH, standard CDSMP (usual care) or no-intervention (control) group. SETTING The diverse set of work organizations centered around a rural community in SE US. SUBJECTS 411 participants completed baseline data with 359 being included in the final analyses. INTERVENTION LHWH had been adapted to fit the unique characteristics of work organizations. This translated program consists of 15 sessions over 8 weeks and was facilitated by trained lay leaders. MEASURES The primary outcomes including health risk, patient-provider communication, quality of life, medical adherence and work performance were collected pretest, posttest (6 mos.) and follow-up (12 mos.). ANALYSIS Analyses were conducted using latent change score models in a structural equation modeling framework. RESULTS 79% of participants reported at least one chronic condition with an average of 2.7 chronic conditions reported. Results indicated that LHWH program demonstrated positive changes in a most outcomes including significant exercise (uΔ = 0.89, p < .01), chronic disease self-efficacy (uΔ = 0.63, p < .05), fatigue (uΔ = -1.45, p < .05), stress (uΔ = -0.98, p < .01) and mentally unhealthy days (uΔ = -3.47, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The translation of LHWH is an effective, low cost, embeddable program that has the potential to improve the health and work life of employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Wilson
- Workplace Health Group, College of Public Health, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David M DeJoy
- Workplace Health Group, College of Public Health, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert J Vandenberg
- Workplace Health Group, College of Public Health, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Management, Terry College of Business, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Heather M Padilla
- Workplace Health Group, College of Public Health, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Haynes
- Workplace Health Group, College of Public Health, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Heather Zuercher
- Workplace Health Group, College of Public Health, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Phaedra Corso
- Office of the Vice President for Research, 15617Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Kate Lorig
- Self-Management Resource Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew L Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Hakola R, Leino T, Luukkonen R, Kauppi P. Occupational health check-ups and health-promoting programs and asthma. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1313. [PMID: 32867741 PMCID: PMC7457532 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The focus in occupational health check-ups is in work and health, but they offer also a possibility to assess health behavior and give guidance e.g. on weight control. We wanted to study whether having occupational health checks-up, receiving physicians’ advice to change health behavior or participation in health promotion programs had an effect on obesity in a five-year follow-up from 1998 to 2003 in asthmatic and non-asthmatic workers. Methods Altogether 23,220 individuals aged 20–54 years were picked up from a randomized Finnish population sample. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk for obesity in 2003. The variables used in the modelling were gender, age, smoking, asthma, depression, and physical workload. Results Both asthmatic and non-asthmatic workers gained weight during the follow-up. Of the asthmatics 48 and 47% of the non-asthmatics had occupational health-check-up in the last 5 years. Of the asthmatics 18 and 14% of the non-asthmatics had received physician’s advice to change their health behavior (p < 0.001). Associated factors for obesity (BMI > 30) in 2003 were gender (men OR 1.19), older age (OR 1.25), smoking (OR 1.07) or depression (OR 1.44). Conclusions Results show that having occupational health checks-up or receiving physicians’ advice to change health behavior or participation in health promotion programs did not stop gain of weight during a five-year follow-up. Asthmatic workers did not differ from non-asthmatics. Male gender, older age, smoking, and depression were associated with obesity but not the physical workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riina Hakola
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 40, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Leino
- The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Luukkonen
- The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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