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Francese R, Peila C, Donalisio M, Lamberti C, Cirrincione S, Colombi N, Tonetto P, Cavallarin L, Bertino E, Moro GE, Coscia A, Lembo D. Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection? Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1389-1415. [PMID: 37604306 PMCID: PMC10721544 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is considered the best source of nutrition for infant growth and health. This nourishment is unique and changes constantly during lactation to adapt to the physiological needs of the developing infant. It is also recognized as a potential route of transmission of some viral pathogens although the presence of a virus in HM rarely leads to a disease in an infant. This intriguing paradox can be explained by considering the intrinsic antiviral properties of HM. In this comprehensive and schematically presented review, we have described what viruses have been detected in HM so far and what their potential transmission risk through breastfeeding is. We have provided a description of all the antiviral compounds of HM, along with an analysis of their demonstrated and hypothesized mechanisms of action. Finally, we have also analyzed the impact of HM pasteurization and storage methods on the detection and transmission of viruses, and on the antiviral compounds of HM. We have highlighted that there is currently a deep knowledge on the potential transmission of viral pathogens through breastfeeding and on the antiviral properties of HM. The current evidence suggests that, in most cases, it is unnecessarily to deprive an infant of this high-quality nourishment and that the continuation of breastfeeding is in the best interest of the infant and the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Chiara Peila
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Cristina Lamberti
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Simona Cirrincione
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Biblioteca Federata di Medicina "Ferdinando Rossi", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
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Arduino I, Calvo J, Rittà M, Cabeza S, Llobera M, Lembo D, Gayà A, Donalisio M. Impact of time-temperature combinations on the anti-Cytomegalovirus activity and biological components of human milk. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:956-964. [PMID: 37059899 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is extensive evidence that Holder pasteurization (HoP) (30 min at 62.5 °C) has harmful effects on the bioactivities of human milk (HM). We previously demonstrated that lowering HoP temperature is sufficient to inactivate Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we analyzed the effect of lowering time/temperature on the antiviral activity against HCMV and IgA levels of HM. METHODS Eighty HM samples from five mothers were pasteurized in a range of temperature (62.5-56 °C) and time (40-10 min) in a conventional setting of Human Milk Bank. Unpasteurized HM from each mother was used as control. The samples were assayed against HCMV-AD169 strain in cell cultures and IgA levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS All HM samples exhibited anti-HCMV activity, to a different extent. An improvement of antiviral activity was observed in samples treated at 60, 58 and 56 °C compared to those at 62.5 °C, with ID50 values near those of unpasteurized milk. Similarly, better retention in IgA levels was observed by reducing the temperature of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a 2.5 °C reduction of heat treatment significantly preserved the IgA content and fully restored the anti-HCMV activity of HM, supporting this variant of HoP as a valid alternative to preserve HM bioactivities. IMPACT This work questions the standard HoP and opens the debate on whether the pasteurization temperature commonly used in Human Milk Banks should be lowered to better preserve the biological components of the milk. A reduction of HoP temperature at 60 °C determined a significant preservation of anti-HCMV activity and IgA content of donor HM, compared to standard HoP. This alternative HoP is highly feasible compared to other substitute pasteurization techniques, since it would employ the same pasteurizer equipment found in most Human Milk Banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Arduino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Javier Calvo
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group (TERCIT), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sergio Cabeza
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Marta Llobera
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Antoni Gayà
- Banc de Teixits, Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Palma, Spain
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group (TERCIT), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
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Chutipongtanate S, Cetinkaya H, Zhang X, Kuhnell D, Benefield D, Haffey W, Wyder M, Patel R, Conrey SC, Burrell AR, Langevin S, Nommsen-Rivers L, Newburg DS, Greis KD, Staat MA, Morrow AL. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection alters postpartum human milk-derived extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543234. [PMID: 37398231 PMCID: PMC10312504 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles (HMEVs) are crucial functional components in breast milk, contributing to infant health and development. Maternal conditions could affect HMEV cargos; however, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on HMEVs remains unknown. This study evaluated the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on postpartum HMEV molecules. Milk samples (9 prenatal SARS-CoV-2 vs. 9 controls) were retrieved from the IMPRINT birth cohort. After defatting and casein micelle disaggregation, 1 mL milk was subjected to a sequential process of centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and qEV-size exclusion chromatography. Particle and protein characterizations were performed following the MISEV2018 guidelines. EV lysates were analyzed through proteomics and miRNA sequencing, while the intact EVs were biotinylated for surfaceomic analysis. Multi-Omics was employed to predict HMEV functions associated with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic data between the prenatal SARS-CoV-2 and control groups were similar. The median duration from maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity to milk collection was 3 months (range: 1-6 months). Transmission electron microscopy showed the cup-shaped nanoparticles. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated particle diameters of <200 nm and yields of >1e11 particles from 1 mL milk. Western immunoblots detected ALIX, CD9 and HSP70, supporting the presence of HMEVs in the isolates. Thousands of HMEV cargos and hundreds of surface proteins were identified and compared. Multi-Omics predicted that mothers with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection produced HMEVs with enhanced functionalities involving metabolic reprogramming and mucosal tissue development, while mitigating inflammation and lower EV transmigration potential. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy boosts mucosal site-specific functions of HMEVs, potentially protecting infants against viral infections. Further prospective studies should be pursued to reevaluate the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding in the post-COVID era.
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Dutra LV, Silva MH, Lebrão CW, Affonso-Fonseca FL, Suano-Souza FI. Impact of the Presence Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in the Colostrum of Women Infected by COVID-19 During the Pregnancy in Neonatal Clinical Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:737-746. [PMID: 36670307 PMCID: PMC9859745 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in the blood and colostrum of women with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and associate the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in colostrum with clinical symptoms of their newborns. METHODS A cross-sectional study was developed with 165 participants with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and their newborns. DATA COLLECTED characteristics COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, gestational age, and clinical symptoms in their newborns (fever, hypothermia, respiratory distress, hypotonia, hypoactivity, hypoglycemia, cyanosis, vomiting/regurgitation, abdominal distention, and jaundice). Maternal blood and colostrum samples were collected postpartum to to detect the presence of IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The median interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and delivery was 37.5 days (IQ = 12.0, 73.0 days). Clinical symptoms during hospitalization were observed in 55 newborns (33.3%), and two (1.6%) tested RT-PCR positive for COVID-19. Positive colostrum for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA was found in 117 (70.9%) women. The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in colostrum was associated independently with lower clinical symptoms in their newborns (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.202 to 0.84; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in colostrum was detected in more than two-thirds of the women evaluated and was associated with a lower frequency of clinical symptoms in their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cibele Wolf Lebrão
- ABC Faculty of Medicine University Center (FMABC), Santo André, Brazil
- São Bernardo do Campo Municipal University Hospital (HMUSBC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso-Fonseca
- ABC Faculty of Medicine University Center (FMABC), Santo André, Brazil
- São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory (FMABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Isabel Suano-Souza
- Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Pediatrics Department, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 598 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
- Pediatrics Department, ABC Faculty of Medicine University Center - FMABC, Santo André, Brazil.
- Multidisciplinary Team in Nutrition Therapy, São Bernardo Do Campo Municipal University Hospital (HMUSBC), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nutritional Parameters in Colostrum of Different Mammalian Species. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colostrum (or first milk) is the food produced by all the mothers in all specific mammalian species, ruminants, monogastric and marine mammalians for their newborns during the first 24–48 h post-partum. Colostrum provides to the neonate all essential nutrients necessary for the first week of life, but the effect of colostrum shows a long-term effect not limited to these first days. Colostrum is considered to be a safe and essential food for human consumption. Some young children can show at the beginning of their colostrum-based diet some side effects, such as nausea and flatulence, but they disappear quickly. In human colostrum, the immunoglobulins and lactoferrin determined show the ability to create natural immunity in newborns, reducing greatly the mortality rate in children. Recent studies suggest that bovine colostrum (BC) may be an interesting nutraceutical food, due to its ability in preventing and/or mitigating several diseases in newborns and adults. This review aims to show the nutraceutical and functional properties of colostrum produced by several mammalian species, describing the different colostrum bio-active molecules and reporting the clinical trials aimed to determine colostrum nutraceutical and therapeutic characteristics in human nutrition.
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Francese R, Cecone C, Costantino M, Hoti G, Bracco P, Lembo D, Trotta F. Identification of a βCD-Based Hyper-Branched Negatively Charged Polymer as HSV-2 and RSV Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158701. [PMID: 35955832 PMCID: PMC9369026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives were demonstrated to improve the antiviral potency of numerous drugs, but also to be endowed with intrinsic antiviral action. They are suitable building blocks for the synthesis of functionalized polymer structures with potential antiviral activity. Accordingly, four water-soluble hyper-branched beta cyclodextrin (βCD)-based anionic polymers were screened against herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rotavirus (HRoV), and influenza virus (FluVA). They were characterized by FTIR-ATR, TGA, elemental analyses, zeta-potential measurements, and potentiometric titrations, while the antiviral activity was investigated with specific in vitro assays. The polymer with the highest negative charge, pyromellitic dianhydride-linked polymer (P_PMDA), showed significant antiviral action against RSV and HSV-2, by inactivating RSV free particles and by altering HSV-2 binding to the cell. The polymer fraction with the highest molecular weight showed the strongest antiviral activity and both P_PMDA and its active fractions were not toxic for cells. Our results suggest that the polymer virucidal activity against RSV can be exploited to produce new antiviral materials to counteract the virus dissemination through the air or direct contact. Additionally, the strong HSV-2 binding inhibition along with the water solubility of P_PMDA and the acyclovir complexation potential of βCD are attractive features for developing new therapeutic topical options against genital HSV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Cecone
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Costantino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Gjylije Hoti
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Pierangiola Bracco
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (F.T.)
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Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152345. [PMID: 35954189 PMCID: PMC9367292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of human milk by a breastfeeding infant is associated with positive health outcomes, including lower risk of diarrheal disease, respiratory disease, otitis media, and in later life, less risk of chronic disease. These benefits may be mediated by antibodies, glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and leukocytes. More recently, human milk extracellular vesicles (hMEVs) have been identified. HMEVs contain functional cargos, i.e., miRNAs and proteins, that may transmit information from the mother to promote infant growth and development. Maternal health conditions can influence hMEV composition. This review summarizes hMEV biogenesis and functional contents, reviews the functional evidence of hMEVs in the maternal–infant health relationship, and discusses challenges and opportunities in hMEV research.
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Francese R, Donalisio M, Rittà M, Capitani F, Mantovani V, Maccari F, Tonetto P, Moro GE, Bertino E, Volpi N, Lembo D. Human milk glycosaminoglycans inhibit cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infectivity by impairing cell binding. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02091-y. [PMID: 35513714 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral role of glycosaminoglycans in human milk (HM-GAGs) has been poorly investigated. They are highly sulfated polysaccharides, which were proposed to act as decoy receptors according to their structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antiviral potential and the mechanism of action of total and individual HM-GAGs against three pediatric clinically relevant viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and rotavirus. METHODS HM-GAGs were isolated from HM and a library of individual GAGs, structurally related to HM-GAGs, was prepared. The antiviral activity of HM-GAGs and the impact of thermal treatment were investigated in vitro by specific antiviral assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that HM-GAGs are endowed with anti-HCMV and anti-RSV activity and that they act by altering virus attachment to cell. We clarified the contribution of individual HM-GAGs, showing a specific structure-related activity. We did not observe any alteration of HM-GAG antiviral activity after thermal treatment. CONCLUSIONS We showed that HM-GAGs contribute to the overall antiviral activity of HM, likely exerting a synergic action with other HM antiviral agents. HM-GAGs can now be added to the list of endogenous factors that may reduce breast-milk-acquired HCMV symptomatic infections and protecting infants from respiratory tract infections by RSV. IMPACT HM-GAGs have been poorly investigated for their antiviral action so far. We demonstrated that HM-GAGs are endowed with significant anti-HCMV and anti-RSV activity and that they are able to alter virus binding to the cell. The contribution of individual HM-GAGs is mainly exerted by the FMHep and is not based on a simple charge interaction between the virus and sulfate groups but involves a specific GAG structural configuration. Our results contribute to identifying the multiple factors synergically acting in mediating HM antiviral properties and to clarifying their specific mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Federica Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
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Chutipongtanate S, Kongsomros S, Pongsakul N, Panachan J, Khowawisetsut L, Pattanapanyasat K, Hongeng S, Thitithanyanont A. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of extracellular vesicles released from mesenchymal stem cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12201. [PMID: 35289102 PMCID: PMC8920959 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Supasek Kongsomros
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutkridta Pongsakul
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirawan Panachan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Center of Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ong SL, Blenkiron C, Haines S, Acevedo-Fani A, Leite JAS, Zempleni J, Anderson RC, McCann MJ. Ruminant Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Nutritional and Therapeutic Opportunity? Nutrients 2021; 13:2505. [PMID: 34444665 PMCID: PMC8398904 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk has been shown to contain a specific fraction of extracellular particles that are reported to resist digestion and are purposefully packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to exert specific biological effects. These findings suggest that these particles may have a role in the quality of infant nutrition, particularly in the early phase of life when many of the foundations of an infant's potential for health and overall wellness are established. However, much of the current research focuses on human or cow milk only, and there is a knowledge gap in how milk from other species, which may be more commonly consumed in different regions, could also have these reported biological effects. Our review provides a summary of the studies into the extracellular particle fraction of milk from a wider range of ruminants and pseudo-ruminants, focusing on how this fraction is isolated and characterised, the stability and uptake of the fraction, and the reported biological effects of these fractions in a range of model systems. As the individual composition of milk from different species is known to differ, we propose that the extracellular particle fraction of milk from non-traditional and minority species may also have important and distinct biological properties that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Ong
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1051, New Zealand;
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1051, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Haines
- Beyond Food Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln 7674, New Zealand;
| | - Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Juliana A. S. Leite
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Rachel C. Anderson
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Mark J. McCann
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
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