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Junho CVC, Azevedo CAB, da Cunha RS, de Yurre AR, Medei E, Stinghen AEM, Carneiro-Ramos MS. Heat Shock Proteins: Connectors between Heart and Kidney. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081939. [PMID: 34440708 PMCID: PMC8391307 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the development of eukaryotic cells, intrinsic mechanisms have been developed in order to provide the ability to defend against aggressive agents. In this sense, a group of proteins plays a crucial role in controlling the production of several proteins, guaranteeing cell survival. The heat shock proteins (HSPs), are a family of proteins that have been linked to different cellular functions, being activated under conditions of cellular stress, not only imposed by thermal variation but also toxins, radiation, infectious agents, hypoxia, etc. Regarding pathological situations as seen in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), HSPs have been shown to be important mediators involved in the control of gene transcription and intracellular signaling, in addition to be an important connector with the immune system. CRS is classified as acute or chronic and according to the first organ to suffer the injury, which can be the heart (CRS type 1 and type 2), kidneys (CRS type 3 and 4) or both (CRS type 5). In all types of CRS, the immune system, redox balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tissue remodeling have been the subject of numerous studies in the literature in order to elucidate mechanisms and propose new therapeutic strategies. In this sense, HSPs have been targeted by researchers as important connectors between kidney and heart. Thus, the present review has a focus to present the state of the art regarding the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of cardiac and renal alterations, as well their role in the kidney–heart axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Victória Cruz Junho
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Carolina Amaral Bueno Azevedo
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Regiane Stafim da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Ainhoa Rodriguez de Yurre
- Laboratory of Cardioimmunology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- Laboratory of Cardioimmunology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Andréa Emilia Marques Stinghen
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sorelli Carneiro-Ramos
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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IL-17A as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101361. [PMID: 32987705 PMCID: PMC7598617 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem reaching epidemic proportions. There is no cure for CKD, and patients may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a current replacement therapy option for ESRD patients until renal transplantation can be achieved. One important problem in long-term PD patients is peritoneal membrane failure. The mechanisms involved in peritoneal damage include activation of the inflammatory and immune responses, associated with submesothelial immune infiltrates, angiogenesis, loss of the mesothelial layer due to cell death and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, and collagen accumulation in the submesothelial compact zone. These processes lead to fibrosis and loss of peritoneal membrane function. Peritoneal inflammation and membrane failure are strongly associated with additional problems in PD patients, mainly with a very high risk of cardiovascular disease. Among the inflammatory mediators involved in peritoneal damage, cytokine IL-17A has recently been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases, including CKD. Although IL-17A is the hallmark cytokine of Th17 immune cells, many other cells can also produce or secrete IL-17A. In the peritoneum of PD patients, IL-17A-secreting cells comprise Th17 cells, γδ T cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. Experimental studies demonstrated that IL-17A blockade ameliorated peritoneal damage caused by exposure to PD fluids. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances on the role of IL-17A in peritoneal membrane injury during PD and other PD-associated complications.
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Roumeliotis S, Dounousi E, Salmas M, Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V. Unfavorable Effects of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on the Peritoneal Membrane: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050768. [PMID: 32423139 PMCID: PMC7277773 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main limitations to successful long-term use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a renal replacement therapy is the harmful effects of PD solutions to the structure and function of the peritoneal membrane (PM). In PD, the PM serves as a semipermeable membrane that, due to exposure to PD solutions, undergoes structural alterations, including peritoneal fibrosis, vasculopathy, and neoangiogenesis. In recent decades, oxidative stress (OS) has emerged as a novel risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular disease in PD patients. Moreover, it has become evident that OS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and development of the chronic, progressive injury of the PM. In this review, we aimed to present several aspects of OS in PD patients, including the pathophysiologic effects on the PM, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic antioxidant strategies that might protect the integrity of PM during PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Marios Salmas
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-994-694
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Ruffingshofer D, Endemann M, Arbeiter K, Bidmon B, Mueller T, Herkner K, Aufricht C. Induction of Heat Shock Protein 72 in Mesothelial Cells Exposed to Peritoneal Dialysate Effluent. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080302300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt Herkner
- Department of Pediatrics AKH Wien Vienna, Austria
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Arbeiter K, Bidmon B, Endemann M, Ruffingshofer D, Mueller T, Regele H, Eickelberg O, Aufricht C. Induction of Mesothelial HSP-72 upon In vivo Exposure to Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080302300517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Witowski J, Jörres A. Effects of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on the Peritoneal Membrane: Clinical Consequences. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502503s08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent studies that show the clinical significance of biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, University Medical School, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Jörres
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Marzec L, Liberek T, Chmielewski M, Bryl E, Witkowski JM, Liberek K, Zdrojewski Z, Rutkowski B. Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 in Peritoneal Leukocytes is Induced by Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080702700314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main limitations of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is deterioration of functional and morphological characteristics of the peritoneum. This complication appears to be related to the low biocompatibility profile of PD fluids. Recently, induction of the heat shock protein (HSP) stress response was demonstrated in cultured human mesothelial cells exposed to PD fluid in vitro. We investigated whether expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP-72) in peritoneal macrophages is induced upon exposure to PD fluid during continuous ambulatory PD. Methods Peritoneal leukocytes were isolated from 4-hour dwell dialysate; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and peripheral blood monocytes isolated from the same patients were used as a control. In separate experiments, PBMC from healthy individuals were exposed in vitro to different PD fluids or to culture media. Expression of HSP-72 was assessed by Western immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results Macrophages and leukocytes isolated from dialysis effluent expressed significantly increased HSP-72 and mRNA levels compared to blood monocytes and PBMC of the same patients. In vitro exposure of PBMC to fresh PD fluids resulted in significantly higher expression of HSP-72 compared to those incubated in culture medium. PBMC exposed in vitro to standard lactate-buffered dialysis fluids also expressed significantly more HSP-72 compared to cells exposed to bicarbonate/lactate-buffered fluids. Conclusion Our results indicate that exposure to PD fluids during dialysis triggers a shock response in peritoneal cells, which is manifested by significantly increased HSP-72 expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Analysis of this protein expression in peritoneal macrophages could be a new, convenient, and relevant way to assess the biocompatibility of PD fluids ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Marzec
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Tomasz Liberek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Michal Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk
| | | | | | - Zbigniew Zdrojewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Boleslaw Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk
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Bender TO, Riesenhuber A, Endemann M, Herkner K, Witowski J, Jörres A, Aufricht C. Correlation between HSP-72 Expression and IL-8 Secretion in Human Mesothelial Cells. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:199-203. [PMID: 17417758 DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytotoxicity of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) and peritoneal inflammation are currently regarded as the two major culprits for chronic mesothelial injury and peritoneal membrane failure. In this study, we correlated induction of HSP-72, as a marker of the cellular stress response, to secretion of IL-8, as a marker for pro-inflammatory cytokines, in mesothelial cells upon sublethal PDF exposure. Methods Primary omental cell cultures of human mesothelial cells were subjected to sublethal PDF exposure times (CAPD2, Fresenius, Germany). At the end of a 24 hour recovery period, induction of HSP-72 in the cell homogenate and IL-8 secretion in the supernatant was assessed by immunodensitometry and ELISA, respectively. Results PDF exposure times from 15 min to 60 min resulted in progressively increased HSP-72 expression levels (267 vs 320 vs 419% of controls, p<0.05 vs controls) as well as increased IL-8 secretion (323 vs 528 vs 549% of controls, p<0.05 vs controls) with full cell viability (MTT unchanged to control). HSP-72 expression was statistically significantly correlated with IL-8 secretion. Conclusions: The significant correlation between HSP-72 expression and IL-8 secretion suggests that the regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways in mesothelial cells exposed to PDF may represent an integral part of their stress response. Future studies to investigate the cellular regulatory mechanism involved are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Bender
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Kratochwill K, Boehm M, Herzog R, Gruber K, Lichtenauer AM, Kuster L, Csaicsich D, Gleiss A, Alper SL, Aufricht C, Vychytil A. Addition of Alanyl-Glutamine to Dialysis Fluid Restores Peritoneal Cellular Stress Responses - A First-In-Man Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165045. [PMID: 27768727 PMCID: PMC5074513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritonitis and ultrafiltration failure remain serious complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Dysfunctional cellular stress responses aggravate peritoneal injury associated with PD fluid exposure, potentially due to peritoneal glutamine depletion. In this randomized cross-over phase I/II trial we investigated cytoprotective effects of alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) addition to glucose-based PDF. METHODS In a prospective randomized cross-over design, 20 stable PD outpatients underwent paired peritoneal equilibration tests 4 weeks apart, using conventional acidic, single chamber 3.86% glucose PD fluid, with and without 8 mM supplemental AlaGln. Heat-shock protein 72 expression was assessed in peritoneal effluent cells as surrogate parameter of cellular stress responses, complemented by metabolomics and functional immunocompetence assays. RESULTS AlaGln restored peritoneal glutamine levels and increased the primary outcome heat-shock protein expression (effect 1.51-fold, CI 1.07-2.14; p = 0.022), without changes in peritoneal ultrafiltration, small solute transport, or biomarkers reflecting cell mass and inflammation. Further effects were glutamine-like metabolomic changes and increased ex-vivo LPS-stimulated cytokine release from healthy donor peripheral blood monocytes. In patients with a history of peritonitis (5 of 20), AlaGln supplementation decreased dialysate interleukin-8 levels. Supplemented PD fluid also attenuated inflammation and enhanced stimulated cytokine release in a mouse model of PD-associated peritonitis. CONCLUSION We conclude that AlaGln-supplemented, glucose-based PD fluid can restore peritoneal cellular stress responses with attenuation of sterile inflammation, and may improve peritoneal host-defense in the setting of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kratochwill
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Zytoprotec GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Boehm
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Herzog
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Zytoprotec GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gruber
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Michael Lichtenauer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Zytoprotec GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lilian Kuster
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Zytoprotec GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Csaicsich
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gleiss
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seth L. Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christoph Aufricht
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Vychytil
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Injury-induced inflammation and inadequate HSP expression in mesothelial cells upon repeat exposure to dual-chamber bag peritoneal dialysis fluids. Int J Artif Organs 2015; 38:530-6. [PMID: 26481292 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) may induce inadequate heat-shock protein (HSP) expression and injury-related inflammation in exposed mesothelial cells. The aim of this study was to relate cellular injury to these cellular responses in mesothelial cells following repeated exposure to 3 commercial PDFs with different biocompatibility profiles. METHODS Primary cultures of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were exposed to a 1:2 mixture of cell culture medium and CAPD2 (single-chamber bag PDF; Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany), Physioneal (dual-chamber bag PDF; Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA) or Balance (dual-chamber bag PDF, Fresenius) for up to 10 days exposure time (4 dwells). Supernatant was analyzed for LDH, IL-6, and IL-8, cells for HSP-72 expression, and protein content. RESULTS PDF exposure resulted in a biphasic pattern of cell damage switching from an earlier phase with increased injury by single-chamber PDF to a delayed phase with increased susceptibility to dual-chamber PDF. Sterile inflammation was related to LDH release over time and could be reproduced by exposure to necrotic cellular material. PDF exposure resulted in low HSP-72 expression in all tested PDFs. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to single-chamber as well as to dual-chamber bag PDFs induce increased vulnerability of mesothelial cells to repeated exposure of the same solution. These effects were delayed with dual-chamber PDFs. Injury-induced inflammation and impaired HSP expression upon PDF exposure might initiate a vicious cycle with progredient mesothelial cell damage upon repeated PDF exposure. Certainly, interventional studies and translation of these results into the in vivo system is needed.
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Lebherz-Eichinger D, Krenn CG, Roth GA. Keratin 18 and heat-shock protein in chronic kidney disease. Adv Clin Chem 2013; 62:123-49. [PMID: 24772666 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800096-0.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an affliction associated with increased systemic stress and cell death. We will review the role of keratin 18 (K-18) and caspase-cleaved CK-18 (ccK-18) as markers for increased apoptosis and necrosis during renal failure progression. The importance of preventative expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in response to cell stress will also be discussed. The frequent development of CKD leads to serious complications. The potential of use of K-18 and HSP as early biomarkers of renal failure will be reviewed. Also, the role of these proteins with respect to dialysis regimes and in acute ischemic kidney injury following renal transplantation will be discussed.
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Bidmon B, Kratochwill K, Rusai K, Kuster L, Herzog R, Eickelberg O, Aufricht C. Increased immunogenicity is an integral part of the heat shock response following renal ischemia. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:385-97. [PMID: 22180342 PMCID: PMC3312958 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia increases tubular immunogenicity predisposing to increased risk of kidney allograft rejection. Ischemia-reperfusion not only disrupts cellular homeostasis but also induces the cytoprotective heat shock response that also plays a major role in cellular immune and defense processes. This study therefore tested the hypothesis that upregulation of renal tubular immunogenicity is an integral part of the heat shock response after renal ischemia. Expressions of 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were assessed in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells following ATP depletion (antimycin A for 3 h) and heat (42°C for 24 h). In vitro, transient Hsp70 transfection and heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) transcription factor decoy treatment were performed. In vivo, ischemic renal cortex was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats following unilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min and 24 h recovery. Upregulation of Hsp70 was closely and significantly correlated with upregulation of MHC class II and/or ICAM-1 following ATP depletion and heat injury. Bioinformatics analysis searching the TRANSFAC database predicted HSF-1 binding sites in these genes. HSF-1 decoy significantly reduced the expression of immunogenicity markers in stressed NRK cells. In the in vivo rat model of renal ischemia, concordant upregulation of MHC class II molecules and Hsp70 suggests biological relevance of this link. The results demonstrate that upregulation of renal tubular immunogenicity is an integral part of the heat shock response after renal ischemia. Bioinformatic analysis predicted a molecular link to tubular immunogenicity at the level of the transcription factor HSF-1 that was experimentally verified by HSF-1 decoy treatment. Future studies in HSF-1 knockout mice are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bidmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krisztina Rusai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lilian Kuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Aufricht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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HSP induction in mesothelial cells by peritoneal dialysis fluid depends on biocompatibility test system. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:405-9. [PMID: 21623587 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.8379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that exposure of mesothelial cells (MC) to peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) not only caused toxic injury, but also induced cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSP). This study was performed in order to compare HSP expression in MC upon PDF exposure in three currently used biocompatibility test systems. METHODS Omentum-derived human peritoneal MC underwent 3 modalities of exposure to heat- or filter-sterilized PDF: (A) pure PDF for 60 minutes followed by a recovery-period in pure culture medium for 24 hours; (B) 1:1 mixture of PDF and culture medium for 24 hours or (C) pure PDF for 60 minutes followed by a recovery-period in a 1:1 mixture of PDF and culture medium for 24 hours. Biocompatibility was assessed by LDH-release into the supernatant and HSP-72 expression in MC lysates. RESULTS Short-term exposure of MC to pure PDF (Modality A) resulted in concordant LDH release and upregulation of HSP-72, regardless of heat or filter sterilization. In contrast, both test systems that exposed MC to heat-sterilized PDF during the recovery period (Modalities B and C) resulted in severe cellular lethality but low HSP-72 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows that HSP expression in MC upon PDF exposure depends on the biocompatibility test system. The presence of heat-sterilized PDF during recovery resulted in significant downregulation of Hsp-72 despite severe cell injury. Therefore, Hsp-72 expression reflects adequate cellular stress responses rather than PDF cytotoxicity.
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Kratochwill K, Boehm M, Herzog R, Lichtenauer AM, Salzer E, Lechner M, Kuster L, Bergmeister K, Rizzi A, Mayer B, Aufricht C. Alanyl–glutamine dipeptide restores the cytoprotective stress proteome of mesothelial cells exposed to peritoneal dialysis fluids. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:937-46. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Interleukin-1 receptor-mediated inflammation impairs the heat shock response of human mesothelial cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1544-55. [PMID: 21435443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioincompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) limits their use in renal replacement therapy. PDF exposure harms mesothelial cells but induces heat shock proteins (HSP), which are essential for repair and cytoprotection. We searched for cellular pathways that impair the heat shock response in mesothelial cells after PDF-exposure. In a dose-response experiment, increasing PDF-exposure times resulted in rapidly increasing mesothelial cell damage but decreasing HSP expression, confirming impaired heat shock response. Using proteomics and bioinformatics, simultaneously activated apoptosis-related and inflammation-related pathways were identified as candidate mechanisms. Testing the role of sterile inflammation, addition of necrotic cell material to mesothelial cells increased, whereas addition of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist anakinra to PDF decreased release of inflammatory cytokines. Addition of anakinra during PDF exposure resulted in cytoprotection and increased chaperone expression. Thus, activation of the IL-1R plays a pivotal role in impairment of the heat shock response of mesothelial cells to PDF. Danger signals from injured cells lead to an elevated level of cytokine release associated with sterile inflammation, which reduces expression of HSP and other cytoprotective chaperones and exacerbates PDF damage. Blocking the IL-1R pathway might be useful in limiting damage during peritoneal dialysis.
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Bender TO, Böhm M, Kratochwill K, Vargha R, Riesenhuber A, Witowski J, Jörres A, Wieslander A, Aufricht C. Peritoneal dialysis fluids can alter HSP expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:1046-52. [PMID: 20713976 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exposure of mesothelial cells to peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) has been shown not only to result in injury but also to induce cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of HSP in a more chronic in vitro PDF exposure system, searching for a role of glucose degradation products (GDP). METHODS Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were chronically incubated in filter- or heat-sterilized PDF (mixed 1:1 with cell culture medium), or in control cell culture medium. After incubation periods of 1, 3 and 10 days, cell extract was assessed for Ezrin, Hsp27 and Hsp72, and supernatant for IL-6 and IL-8. After 24-h exposure to the GDP 3.4-di-deoxyglucosone-3-ene (3.4-DGE), HPMC were assessed for expression of Hsp27 and Hsp72, and for release of LDH, IL-6 and IL-8. RESULTS In vitro PDF exposure for more than 1 day resulted in reduced cell mass, lower expression of the epithelial marker Ezrin and depressed cellular levels of both HSP, associated with increased IL-6 and IL-8 release. These effects occurred earlier and stronger with heat-sterilized than with filter-sterilized PDF. Exposure of HPMC to 3.4-DGE resulted in suppression of HSP, and increased release of LDH, IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSION Our data show that GDP (dys)regulate the mesothelial cell stress response. This was associated with reduced cell mass, loss of the epithelial phenotype and sterile cellular inflammation following extended exposure to heat-sterilized PDF. Toxic effects of PDF might thus be extended to reduced mesothelial cell stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten O Bender
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Bender TO, Böhm M, Kratochwill K, Lederhuber H, Endemann M, Bidmon B, Aufricht C. HSP-mediated cytoprotection of mesothelial cells in experimental acute peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2010; 30:294-9. [PMID: 20228178 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2009.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) injures mesothelial cells but also induces heat shock proteins (HSP), the main effectors of the cellular stress response. This study investigated whether overexpression of HSP upon pharmacologic induction results in cytoprotection of mesothelial cells in experimental PD. METHODS Stress response of mesothelial cells upon exposure to PDS was pharmacologically manipulated using glutamine as a co-inducer. In vitro, HSP-mediated cytoprotection was assessed by simultaneous measurements of HSP expression using Western blot analysis and viability testing using release of lactic dehydrogenase in cultured human mesothelial cells. In vivo, detachment of mesothelial cells from their peritoneal monolayer was assessed following exposure to PDS with and without the addition of glutamine in the acute rat model of PD. RESULTS In vitro, mesothelial cell viability following exposure to PDS was significantly improved upon pharmacologic co-induction of HSP expression by glutamine (226% +/- 29% vs 190% +/- 19%, p = 0.001). In vivo, mesothelial cell detachment during exposure to PDS was reduced upon pharmacologic induction of HSP expression by glutamine (93 +/- 39 vs 38 +/- 38 cells, p = 0.044), resulting in reduced peritoneal protein loss (75 +/- 7 vs 65 +/- 4 mg, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Our results represent the first study of pharmacologic manipulation of HSP expression for cytoprotection of mesothelial cells following acute in vitro and in vivo exposure to PDS. PDS with added glutamine might represent a promising therapeutic approach against low biocompatibility of PDS but needs validation in a chronic PD model.
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Boehm M, Bergmeister H, Kratochwill K, Vargha R, Lederhuber H, Aufricht C. Cellular stress-response modulators in the acute rat model of peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:169-72. [PMID: 19705161 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) not only results in cellular injury, but also induces heat-shock proteins (HSP), the main effectors of the cellular stress response. This study investigated effects of modulation of mesothelial HSP expression on peritoneal membrane integrity during acute PDF exposure. In the acute in vivo rat model of peritoneal dialysis (PD), either the HSP coinducer indomethacin or the HSP suppressor quercetin was added to standard PDF (CAPD 3, Fresenius, Germany). HSP-72 expression, number of detached mesothelial cells, and peritoneal protein loss were evaluated at the end of a 4-h dwell time. Compared with pure PDF exposure, addition of indomethacin resulted in increased expression of mesothelial HSP-72, reduced mesothelial cell exfoliation, and reduced peritoneal protein loss. Addition of quercetin resulted in decreased expression of HSP-72, increased mesothelial cell exfoliation, and higher peritoneal protein loss. Differences were statistically significant between indomethacin-treated and quercetin-treated rats. Mesothelial HSP expression was related to markers of peritoneal membrane integrity upon in vivo PDF exposure, consistent with HSP-mediated cytoprotection. These data clearly demonstrate the potential for clinically feasible pharmacologic interventions with the cellular stress response as a novel therapeutic approach to improve PD outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boehm
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Wien, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Marzec L, Zdrojewski Z, Liberek T, Bryl E, Chmielewski M, Witkowski JM, Rutkowski B. Expression of Hsp72 protein in chronic kidney disease patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 43:400-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365590903089489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Marzec
- Departments of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine
| | | | - Tomasz Liberek
- Departments of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Vargha R, Bender TO, Riesenhuber A, Endemann M, Kratochwill K, Aufricht C. Effects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition on acute stress response in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3494-500. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bender TO, Witowski J, Aufricht C, Endemann M, Frei U, Passlick-Deetjen J, Jörres A. Biocompatibility of a bicarbonate-buffered amino-acid-based solution for peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1537-43. [PMID: 18481110 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amino-acid-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids have been developed to improve the nutritional status of PD patients. As they may potentially exacerbate acidosis, an amino-acid-containing solution buffered with bicarbonate (Aminobic) has been proposed to effectively maintain acid-base balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mesothelial biocompatibility profile of this solution in comparison with a conventional low-glucose-based fluid. Omentum-derived human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were preexposed to test PD solutions for up to 120 min, then allowed to recover in control medium for 24 h, and assessed for heat-shock response, viability, and basal and stimulated cytokine [interleukin (IL)-6] and prostaglandin (PGE(2)) release. Acute exposure of HPMC to conventional low-glucose-based PD solution resulted in a time-dependent increase in heat-shock protein (HSP-72) expression, impaired viability, and reduced ability to release IL-6 in response to stimulation. In contrast, in cells treated with Aminobic, the expression of HSP-72 was significantly lower, and viability and cytokine-producing capacity were preserved and did not differ from those seen in control cells. In addition, exposure to Aminobic increased basal release of IL-6 and PGE(2). These data point to a favorable biocompatibility profile of the amino-acid-based bicarbonate-buffered PD solution toward HPMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten O Bender
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Endemann M, Bergmeister H, Bidmon B, Boehm M, Csaicsich D, Malaga-Dieguez L, Arbeiter K, Regele H, Herkner K, Aufricht C. Evidence for HSP-mediated cytoskeletal stabilization in mesothelial cells during acute experimental peritoneal dialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F47-56. [PMID: 17210795 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) injures mesothelial cells and activates their stress response. In this study, we investigated the role of heat shock proteins (HSP), the main cytoprotective effectors of the stress response, in cytoskeletal stabilization of mesothelial cells in experimental peritoneal dialysis. In cultured human mesothelial cells, cytoskeletal integrity was assessed by detergent extractability of marker proteins following in vitro PDF exposure. Effects of HSP on stabilization of ezrin were evaluated by a conditioning protocol (PDF pretreatment) and repair assay, based on coincubation of cytoskeletal protein fractions with recombinant HSP-72 or HSP-72 antibodies. In the rat model, detachment of mesothelial cells from their peritoneal monolayer during in vivo PDF exposure was assessed with and without overexpression of HSP-72 (by heat conditioning). In vitro, cytoskeletal disruption on sublethal PDF exposure was demonstrated by significantly altered detergent extractability of ezrin and ZO-1. Restoration was associated with significant induction and cytoskeletal redistribution of HSP during recovery. Both the conditioning protocol and in vitro repair assay provided evidence for HSP-72-mediated cytoskeletal stabilization. In the rat model, overexpression of HSP-72 following heat conditioning resulted in significantly reduced detachment of mesothelial cells on in vivo exposure to PDF. Our results establish an essential role of HSP in repair and cytoprotection of cytoskeletal integrity in mesothelial cells following acute in vitro and in vivo exposure to PDF. Repeated exposure to PDF, as is the rule in the clinical setting, may not only cause repeat injury to mesothelial cells but rather represents a kind of inadvertent conditioning treatment.
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Liberek T. The New Dialysis Fluids — Which Buffer to Choose? Perit Dial Int 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Liberek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
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Ahmad M, Shah H, Pliakogiannis T, Oreopoulos DG. Prevention of membrane damage in patient on peritoneal dialysis with new peritoneal dialysis solutions. Int Urol Nephrol 2006; 39:299-312. [PMID: 17004033 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-006-9064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is now an established and successful alternative to hemodialysis. Multiple studies have confirmed its equivalent dialysis adequacy, mortality and fluid balance status, at least for the first 4-5 years. Peritoneal membrane failure is now one of the leading cause of technique failure. This review describes the role of glucose, glucose degradation product, pH, lactate, advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) in causing this membrane damage, and gives insight how the use of newer peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) containing icodextrin, amino acids and bicarbonate buffer can prevent peritoneal membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufazzal Ahmad
- Department of Nephrology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto m5b2e8, Ontario, Canada.
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Aufricht C. Heat-shock protein 70: molecular supertool? Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20:707-13. [PMID: 15782306 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-004-1812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cellular stress response decreases cellular injury, either via primary induction of cytoresistance or by secondary enhancement of cellular repair mechanisms. The most frequently studied and best understood effectors of the cellular stress response are the heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP are among the oldest tools in the cellular protein machinery, demonstrating extremely high conservation of the genetic code since bacteria. Molecular chaperons, with the HSP-70 being the prototype, cooperate in transport and folding of proteins, preventing aggregation, and even resolubilizing injured proteins. Increasing evidence supports a role for HSP during the recovery from renal ischemia, in particular in cellular salvage from apoptotic cell death and cytoskeletal restoration. Recent studies also report the potential for biomolecular profiling of newborns for the risk of acute renal failure. In peritoneal dialysis novel data suggest the use of HSP expression for biocompatibility testing. More importantly, HSP are prime therapeutic candidates for clinical situations associated with predictable insults, such as organ procurement in transplant medicine and repetitive exposure to hyperosmolar and acidotic peritoneal dialysis fluids. The next challenge will be to define the regulatory pathways of the cellular stress response in these models to introduce novel therapeutic interventions, such as new pharmaceutics enhancing the HSP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Aufricht
- Kinderdialyse Wien, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Bidmon B, Endemann M, Arbeiter K, Ruffingshofer D, Regele H, Herkner K, Eickelberg O, Aufricht C. Overexpression of HSP-72 confers cytoprotection in experimental peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 2005; 66:2300-7. [PMID: 15569319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.66040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis is complicated by mesothelial cell injury due to low biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). We have previously demonstrated that heat shock protein (HSP)-72 is potently up-regulated in response to PDF exposure of mesothelial cells in in vitro and in vivo models of peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential cytoprotective effects of overexpression of HSP-72. METHODS Cytoprotection was assessed by comparing cellular viability between pretreated versus nonpretreated human mesothelial cells (Met 5a; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA, and primary cell cultures) subjected to extended, usually lethal PDF exposure times (120 min, CAPD2; Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany). Pretreatment was performed with exposure to PDF (60 min, CAPD2; Fresenius) or heat (15 min, 41.5 degrees C), and by transient transfection with HSP-72. RESULTS When mesothelial cells were pretreated by nonlethal exposure to PDF or heat, HSP-72 was markedly up-regulated (>5-fold, P < 0.01). Pretreated human mesothelial cells were significantly protected against subsequent "lethal" exposures to PDF, as assessed by dye exclusion (>50% reduction, P < 0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (>30% reduction, P < 0.05). Comparable cytoprotection (50% reduction by dye exclusion) was indicated by overexpression of HSP-72 in cultered human mesothelial cells (>5-fold) after transient transfection with HSP-72. This cytoprotection was confirmed at a cellular basis by double staining techniques with HSP-72 and ApopTag (apoptosis detection kit). CONCLUSION Our study therefore shows that the mesothelial stress response confers cytoprotection in experimental peritoneal dialysis, mediated by the induction of HSP-72, and that the stimulus of the pretreatment does not have to be identical to the subsequent injury. These data offer the basis for an attractive novel therapeutic approach against PDF toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bidmon
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, USA
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Arbeiter K, Bidmon B, Endemann M, Bender TO, Eickelberg O, Ruffingshofer D, Mueller T, Regele H, Herkner K, Aufricht C. Peritoneal dialysate fluid composition determines heat shock protein expression patterns in human mesothelial cells. Kidney Int 2001; 60:1930-7. [PMID: 11703612 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) contributes to mesothelial injury. We investigated whether the heat shock proteins (HSP)-27, HSP-72, and HSP-90 are differentially induced upon exposure of mesothelial cells to PDF and whether this was affected by selective modulation of the physicochemical properties of PDF. METHODS Human mesothelial cells (Met5A and primary human mesothelial cells) were exposed to acidic lactate and glucose-monomer based PDF (CAPD2 and CAPD3), to control culture media, or to a neutral lactate and glucose-monomer-based PDF with reduced levels of glucose degradation products (BALANCE). Expression of HSP-27, HSP-72, and HSP-90 and cellular distribution of HSP-72 were assessed by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Mesothelial cells exhibited strong constitutive expression of HSP-27 and to a lesser extent HSP-72 and HSP-90. Exposure of the cells to CAPD2 and CAPD3 resulted in strong up-regulation of HSP-72. HSP-27 levels were slightly increased, but HSP-90 levels were unchanged upon exposure to CAPD2 or CAPD3. In contrast, exposure of the cells to BALANCE did not affect HSP-27 or HSP-72 expression. The acidic pH and glucose degradation products were found to be principal in mediating increased HSP-72 expression upon exposure to PDF. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of HSP expression represents a novel tool to assess biocompatibility of PDF. Among the HSP investigated, HSP-72 is the most predictive and accurate parameter to assess mesothelial cell injury in the early phase of exposure to PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arbeiter
- Kinderdialyse, Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinik für Kinder und Jugendheilkunde, AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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