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Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Agudelo-Botero M, Rojas-Russell ME. Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Older Adults. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103045. [PMID: 39067257 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse (EA), depressive symptoms, and loneliness represent a growing risk to the health, well-being, and premature mortality of older adults. However, the role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms has not yet been examined. AIMS To investigate the associations between these constructs and to explore the possible mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older Mexican people. METHODS A representative community-dwelling survey of older adults aged 60 and older was conducted in two cities in Mexico (Mexico City and Xalapa) in 2018-2019. Measurements of EA, loneliness, depressive symptoms, health, and sociodemographic data were collected. Regression and mediation models were tested to analyze the associations between these variables. RESULTS The prevalence of EA was 16.3%, loneliness was 50%, and depressive symptoms were 25.5%. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of depressive symptoms was 2.7 when the combined effects of EA and loneliness were considered. The proportion of the effect that could explain the mediating role of loneliness was 31%. CONCLUSION To effectively reduce depressive symptoms in older individuals affected by emotional or psychological abuse and neglect, it is crucial to address both the mediating influence of loneliness and EA itself in therapeutic and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Agudelo-Botero
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario E Rojas-Russell
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yalçın Gürsoy M, Uçan Yamaç S. Elder abuse, depression, anxiety, and stress in community-dwelling older adults. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:336-344. [PMID: 38237963 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse as an important public health issue is associated in the literature with various physical and psychological symptoms. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress in the elderly living in the community. METHOD The cross-sectional study was completed with 729 older people. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview and a survey form. The Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (GMS) was used to evaluate elder abuse and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS Of the participants, 20.9% were exposed to at least one type of abuse, 9.2% experienced physical abuse, 18.2% experienced psychological abuse, 4.4% experienced neglect, and 7.0% had financial abuse. The general prevalence of moderate to very severe depression, anxiety, and stress among the elderly was respectively 17.1%, 16%, and 10%. As a result of multivariate analysis it was determined that neglect (t = 6245; ß = 4952) and economic abuse (t = 3865; ß = 3350) had statistically significant effects on depression; psychological abuse (t = 2924; ß = 0,992), economic abuse (t = 3127; ß = 3517) and neglect (t = 5913; ß = 4810) had statistically significant effects on anxiety, while psychological (t = 5023; ß = 1756) and economic abuse (t = 5719; ß = 5238) had statistically significant effects on stress (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION As a result of the study, it was seen that the prevalence of abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress was high in the elderly. There was also a strong relationship between types of elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress. It is recommended that health professionals working with older people to screen them for types of abuse and mental symptoms with the help of appropriate screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Yalçın Gürsoy
- Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Uçan Yamaç
- Bucak Health School, Department of Midwifery, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Fettig N, Mitchell H, Gassoumis Z, Nizam Z, Whittier Eliason S, Cory S. Adult Maltreatment Risk Factors: Adding Community-Level Factors to an Individual-Level Field. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:5-21. [PMID: 36636944 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221137659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adult maltreatment is a pervasive problem in the United States and has serious individual and societal consequences. Adult protective services (APS) agencies are the social services programs responsible for serving older adults and adults with disabilities who may be experiencing adult maltreatment. The adult maltreatment literature differentiates elder maltreatment from the maltreatment of adults with disabilities, yet APS agencies serve both groups. Understanding the etiology of adult maltreatment as well as the associated risk and protective factors is crucial for APS workers, clinical practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. To advance the evidence in this area, we undertook a scoping review to examine recent evidence on risk and protective factors associated with adult maltreatment. Searches of nine electronic databases were conducted in 2020 to identify studies published in peer-reviewed journals since 2010. A total of 29 studies were included in the final review. The findings identified several categories of risk factors associated with the individual: demographic traits, socioeconomic characteristics, physical and mental health, interpersonal issues, and historical events. Several studies identified caregiver and alleged perpetrator risk factors. However, the current body of research lacks community and contextual risk and protective factors. Therefore, we present several potential data sources that may be leveraged to examine the links between social-contextual characteristics and adult maltreatment. These data may be combined with APS data to advance the field's understanding of risk and protective factors through advanced analytic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zainab Nizam
- WRMA, Inc., a TriMetrix Company, Arlington, VA, USA
| | | | - Scott Cory
- Administration for Community Living, Washington, DC, USA
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Wei W, Balser S. A Systematic Review: Risk and Protective Factors of Elder Abuse for Community-Dwelling Racial Minorities. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:73-86. [PMID: 36541634 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221140123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elder abuse is related to numerous adverse health and mental health conditions in older adults and some studies indicated higher rates of elder abuse in ethnic and racial minority populations than non-Hispanic Whites. This current study aims to summarize the risk and protective factors associated with elder abuse in community-dwelling racial minorities. A systematic review was conducted following Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. AgeLine, Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched without limitation on time periods of publication. Two authors independently screened the search results and assessed the eligibility and quality of the retrieved articles. A total of 718 articles were screened and 25 articles were included in the review. The 25 included studies' publication dates range from 1989 to 2019. Five racial categories were generated: African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and racial minorities in Canada. Risk and protective factors of elder abuse and its subtypes (e.g., physical and psychological abuse) for these racial groups were summarized. There are some common risk factors across racial minorities, such as dependence on caregivers and health issues. The review identified gaps and conflicting findings regarding culture and education that are worthy of further investigation. In particular, there is a lack of current research on elder abuse in racial minority older women, race minority subgroups, and protective factors of elder abuse. The results guide helping professionals to consider the role of traditional culture and identify warning signs of potential abuse among racial minority older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Wei
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Balser
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Yurdakul ES, Veizi BGY, Avcı C, Yazır HT, Avaner E, Naharcı Mİ, Sarı O. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the elder abuse suspicion index in community-dwelling older adults. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:432-438. [PMID: 36945952 PMCID: PMC10388021 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is among the most important ethical issue during the management of older population. The elder abuse suspicion index (EASI) was developed for evaluating abuse in older adults. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version EASI-Türkiye (TR) among older adults. METHODS This study included 89 community-dwelling older adults. The EASI-TR and other scales, including HwalekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test-Türkiye (HS/EAST-TR), YGDS, Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (YGDS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were administered to all participants. Internal consistency and external validity were assessed. RESULTS EASI-TR revealed an excellent test-retest reliability and acceptable level of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.711). The item-total correlations ranged between 0.296 and 0.701, except for the second item. This test showed significant correlations with the HS/EAST-TR and IADL (p < 0.05), demonstrating good external validity. DISCUSSION The EASI-TR appears to have acceptable reliability and validity in screening for abuse in older adults. This tool may recognize cases that require additional evaluation in managing of ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Serdar Yurdakul
- Department of Medical History and Bioethics, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Gülsüm Yavuz Veizi
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Candeniz Avcı
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tuğba Yazır
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Avaner
- Department of Medical History and Bioethics, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet İlkin Naharcı
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oktay Sarı
- Department of Family Medicine, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine and Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Wolde A, Wolancho W, Belay Y, Alemu A, Asefa A, Gebremedhin T. A Community-Based Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Abuse Perpetration or Victimization Among Elders in Ethiopia, 2022. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:957-969. [PMID: 35730042 PMCID: PMC9206848 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s360548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly abuse and comorbid problematic substance use, disability, and physical and mental illness have been major problems in low-income countries. In most countries, the elderly are the most neglected segment of the population, and there is insufficient information about elderly abuse perpetration or victimization in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess elderly abuse perpetration or victimization among the elderly in Mizan Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 268 elderly people from May to June, 2021, by using a systematic sampling technique. The elderly abuse and the ASSIST tools were used to assess the elderly abuse and khat, alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders, respectively. Moreover, multimorbidity and physical disability were also assessed. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 23. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of elderly abuse. Results The prevalence of elder abuse was 41.8%, and the prevalence of poly substance, alcohol, khat, and tobacco use disorder was 32.5%, 19.4%, 12%, and 4.5%, respectively. Besides, the comorbidity of physical disability and multiple chronic diseases was 8% and 24.6%, respectively. Moreover, physical disability (AOR = 5.652, CI = 1.459, 21.894), multimorbidity (AOR = 3.972, CI = 1.898, 8.314), substance use disorder (AOR = 3.877, CI = 1.814, 8.286), age above 80 years (AOR = 8.452, CI = 2.273, 31.425), and poor social support (AOR = 3.372, CI = 1.043, 10.903) were positively associated with elderly abuse. Conclusion The magnitude of elder abuse and comorbid multimorbidity, physical disability, and substance use disorder was high, and having multiple chronic diseases, physical disability, substance use disorder, advanced age, and poor social support were risk factors for elderly abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrat Wolde
- Department of Psychiatry, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Wadu Wolancho
- Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshitila Belay
- Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Asamirew Alemu
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenaf Asefa
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehaye Gebremedhin
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
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Koga C, Tsuji T, Hanazato M, Suzuki N, Kondo K. Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: Which is Cause and Effect? Bidirectional Longitudinal Studies From the JAGES. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP9403-NP9419. [PMID: 33280484 PMCID: PMC9136480 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520967135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elder abuse is a serious public health concern that increases the risks of negative health outcomes globally. It is well known that abuse in older adults is associated with depression; however, longitudinal studies investigating the causal relationship between these events are scarce. Because the cause precedes the result over time, the temporal relationships between abuse and depression should be verified from each direction. This longitudinal study, therefore, investigated and clarified whether depression causes or results from elder abuse among older Japanese adults. Two longitudinal analyses were conducted using data derived from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. The data were collected in 2010 and 2013 through a mail survey of 1,737 people (983 females, 754 males) across Japan. Of those who did not experience abuse in 2010, 38 (5.0%) males and 53 (5.4%) females newly experienced abuse in 2013. Among respondents who did not have depressive symptoms in 2010, 60 (8.0%) males and 61 (6.2%) females newly reported depressive symptoms in 2013. After adjusting for demographic factors in Analysis 1, people who experienced abuse were 2.28-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-3.09) more likely to have depressive symptoms three years later than those who were not abused. In Analysis 2, respondents who had mild or severe depression in 2010 were 2.23-fold (95% CI = 1.61-3.10) more likely to have experienced abuse after three years than those who did not have depression. After adjusting for several demographic factors, the results showed that abuse can lead to depression and that depression can be a cause of abuse. Therefore, preventing abuse should be considered from both directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katsunori Kondo
- Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Dias I, Henriques A, Lopes A, Lemos R, Barros H, Fraga S. Abuse among Portuguese older people at a time of economic crisis recovery: findings from the Harmed study. J Elder Abuse Negl 2022; 34:109-123. [PMID: 35135412 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2022.2039338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of abuse against Portuguese older people after an economic crisis and to assess how it has influenced health. A cross-sectional study was carried out including 677 older adults (≥60 years) during 2017. Results show that overall, 23.9% of older people reported being a victim of abuse in the last 12 months. The prevalence of psychological abuse was 19.9%, financial abuse 5.8%, physical abuse 2.5% and sexual abuse 1.9%. Older people who report abuse were more likely to have perceived insufficient income and low social support. The abuse was also significantly associated with poor health status and depressive symptoms. Even in an auspicious period, more than a fifth of older people experiences abuse which is associated with social and health vulnerabilities. These results support that an investment should be made in terms of policies toward an age-friendly environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dias
- Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Henriques
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Lopes
- Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Lemos
- Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Brijoux T, Neise M, Zank S. Elder abuse in the oldest old: prevalence, risk factors and consequences. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 54:132-137. [PMID: 34331085 PMCID: PMC8551100 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-021-01945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences of abuse in relationships with an expectation of trust are a common phenomenon among older people and is called elder abuse (EA). This can take various forms, such as physical, verbal, emotional, psychological, financial, sexual abuse or neglect. Due to their high vulnerability and difficulties in receiving support, people aged over 80 years old have been pointed out as a group that needs special focus in research. OBJECTIVE Prevalence, risk factors and consequences of EA for different aspects of quality of life are explored among the oldest old. MATERIAL AND METHODS Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted in a representative sample of the oldest old in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). 988 self-report interviews without third persons present of the NRW80+ study are used to assess EA with the help of the elder abuse and emotional consequences scale (EACS). The EACS describes EA in six dimensions that give a broad understanding of EA. RESULTS Prevalence of experiences of EA within the last 12 months was 54.1%. In logistic regression, multimorbidity, lower functioning, age below 90 years, smaller social network size, and aggressive behaviorwere significant risk factors for EA. People experiencing EA showed less life satisfaction and autonomy and increased loneliness and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION EA is prevalent among the oldest old. Serious consequences of EA on life results can be shown with a broad operationalization of EA. Future research should focus on a deeper understanding of reasons for EA and reflect on the relationship between and the perspectives of perpetrators and victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brijoux
- ceres-cologne center for ethics, rights, economics, and social sciences of health, Universität zu Köln, Albertus Magnus Platz, 50923, Köln, Germany.
| | - Michael Neise
- Lehrstuhl für Rehabilitationswissenschaftliche Gerontologie, Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
- Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Köln, Germany
| | - Susanne Zank
- Lehrstuhl für Rehabilitationswissenschaftliche Gerontologie, Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
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Mendes F, Pereira J, Zangão O, Pereira C, Bravo J. The relationship between depression and risk of violence in portuguese community-dwelling older people. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2335. [PMID: 35668412 PMCID: PMC9171927 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mental disorders are highly prevalent in older people, being depression a predominant disorder. Evidence points to a possible relationship between depression and violence against older people. Nonetheless, the role of the depressive symptomology severity in the risk of violence against older people remains unclear. Thus, this study’s main objective was to analyze the relationship between geriatric depressive symptomatology and the risk of violence against older people.
Methods
This exploratory study involved 502 community-dwelling older persons aged 65 to 96 years (73.3 ± 6.5). Measures were performed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Risk Assessment of Violence against the Non-Institutionalized Elderly scale.
Results
One hundred nineteen older people (23.7%) had mild/moderate depressive symptomology, and twenty-six (5.2%) had severe depressive symptomology. There were significant relationships between the severity of depressive symptomatology and the risk of violence (p < 0.05). The presence of depressive symptomatology increased the likelihood of being victims of violence, particularly among women (odds ratio: 2–8, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The severity of depressive symptomatology plays an essential role in the risk of violence against community-dwelling older people. Moreover, it was found that older persons with depression symptomatology were at higher risk of being victims of violence. Our study findings support the need for protective measures within mental health national or regional policies to prevent depression and violence against community-dwelling older people.
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Lee YJ, Kim Y, Park JI. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Elder Abuse in Community-Dwelling Elderly in Korea: Mediation Effects of Social Support. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:1044-1049. [PMID: 34500511 PMCID: PMC8600220 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to investigate the factors associated with elder abuse and the mediation effects of social support in a community-dwelling elderly population in Korea. METHODS This study analyzed a dataset of 10,674 individuals aged 65 years and older in Korea. Data were reviewed from a study conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2011. RESULTS In our study, 12.6% of the elderly reported elder abuse, and 29.2% reported having depression (a score ≥8 on the short version geriatric depression scale). Our results revealed that younger age, low economic status, poor social support (odds ratio [OR]=1.448) and depression (OR=2.039) were significantly associated with elder abuse after controlling for all confounding factors. In addition, mediation analysis showed that the OR for depression was reduced from 2.124 to 2.039 after social support was controlled, which indicates that the association between depression and elder abuse is partially mediated by social support. CONCLUSION Depression and lack of social support were associated with abuse in community-dwelling Korean elderly. In particular, social support was revealed to buffer the association between depression and elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Grover S, Verma M, Singh T, Dahiya N, Nehra R. Screening for Abuse of Older Adults: A Study Done at Primary Health Care Level in Punjab, India. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:312-318. [PMID: 34385724 PMCID: PMC8327867 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620928782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about elder abuse in the domestic environment. In lower-middle income countries like India, the demographic transition is throwing novel challenges. The older adults are relatively more vulnerable because of coexisting medical and psychological problems. Any form of abuse affects mental health and increases the chances of anxiety and depression among the older adults. The study aimed to assess the burden of abuse amongst older adults visiting a primary health care center of north India. METHODS This is secondary data analysis conducted on the data collected in the primary study between September 2017 and June 2018 in northern India among 311 older adult patients attending the noncommunicable disease clinic. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were diagnosed as per standard guidelines. Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) was used to assess elder abuse. Depression, anxiety, and loneliness were assessed by using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness 20-item scale, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to explore the factors associated with elder abuse after ruling out collinearity between independent variables. RESULTS About 24% of older adults experienced abuse in the last 12 months. One-fourth of the older adults reported vulnerability, nearly half reported coercion and dejection, and most of them reported experiencing dependence. Participants also had a high prevalence of anxiety (39%), depression (54%), and features suggestive of loneliness (38.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that abuse was predicted by educational status, per-capita income, and loneliness. CONCLUSION About one-fourth of the older adults experience abuse. This highlights the importance of routine screening of older adults at the primary care level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Dept. of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tarundeep Singh
- Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Dahiya
- Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Nehra
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Sousa RCRD, Araújo-Monteiro GKND, Souto RQ, Santos RCD, Leal CQAM, Nascimento NDM. Interventions to prevent elder abuse in the community: a mixed-methods systematic review. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2021; 55:e3677. [PMID: 33886908 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2019033203677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the interventions proposed in the literature aimed at preventing elder abuse among community-residing elders. METHOD This was a mixed-methods systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols checklist. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We included studies published between January 2004 and December 2019 in the databases: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SciELO. The methodological quality of each study included was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Seven studies formed the final sample. Two groups emerged after the analyses: the primary level intervention group, which used health education and coexisting elder abuse groups; and the secondary intervention level, focused mostly on the mental health care of victims of elder abuse. CONCLUSION There is still a shortage of intervention studies to prevent elder abuse. All the studies selected had a positive outcome, and all interventions can be implemented in nursing care practice.
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Santos AJ, Nunes B, Kislaya I, Gil AP, Ribeiro O. Exploring the Correlates to Depression in Elder Abuse Victims: Abusive Experience or Individual Characteristics? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP115-NP134. [PMID: 29294926 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517732346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression and depressive symptoms have been studied both as risk factors and consequences of elder abuse, even though the most common cross-sectional design of the studies does not allow inferring cause or consequence relationships. This study estimates the proportion of older adults who screened positive for depressive symptoms among those self-reporting elder abuse and examines whether individual characteristics and/or abusive experience aspects are associated with self-reported depressive symptoms. Participants were 510 older adults self-reporting experiences of abuse in family setting enrolled in the cross-sectional victims' survey of the Aging and Violence Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the abbreviated version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5). Poisson regression was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) of screening depressive symptoms according to individual and abusive experience covariates: sex, age group, cohabitation, perceived social support, chronic diseases, functional status, violence type, perpetrator, and number of conducts. Women (PR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.04, 1.35]) individuals perceiving low social support level (PR = 1.36, 95% CI = [1.16, 1.60]) and with long-term illness (PR = 1.17, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.33]) were found to be associated with increased risk for screening depressive symptoms. In regard to abusive experience, only the number of abusive conducts increased the PR (PR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.09]). Routine screening for elder abuse should include psychological well-being assessment. Interventions toward risk alleviation for both mental health problems and elder abuse should target women perceiving low social support level and with long-term illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana João Santos
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina Kislaya
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Oscar Ribeiro
- University of Porto, Portugal
- University of Aveiro, Portugal
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15
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Easton SD, Kong J. Childhood Adversities, Midlife Health, and Elder Abuse Victimization: A Longitudinal Analysis based on Cumulative Disadvantage Theory. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 76:2086-2097. [PMID: 32745210 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elder abuse victimization is increasingly recognized as a pressing public health concern. However, few empirical studies have investigated whether early life course adversities and midlife sequelae heighten risks for abuse in late life. Guided by cumulative disadvantage theory, the current study examined whether compromised health in middle adulthood (physical, psychological, cognitive) mediates the association between child abuse and elder abuse. METHODS This secondary analysis was based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a population-based, multi-wave dataset. We analyzed responses from 5,968 participants (mean age = 71 years; 54% female) on adapted versions of standardized measures: elder abuse victimization (outcome variable), childhood adversities (independent variable), and midlife health (physical health, depressive symptoms, cognitive functioning; mediator variables). Serial multiple mediation models were conducted, controlling for background characteristics. RESULTS Rates for any elder abuse and child adversities were, respectively, 16.34% and 47.98%. Multivariate analyses supported the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis. Childhood adversities (0.11, p < .001) and midlife health (physical, -0.10, p < .05; depressive symptoms, 0.09, p < .001; cognitive functioning, 0.02, p < .05) had significant direct effects on elder abuse victimization. Childhood adversities also had an indirect effect on elder abuse through physical health (0.002, p < .05) and depressive symptoms (0.01, p < .001), both in serial. DISCUSSION This innovative study advances our understanding mechanisms through which childhood trauma influences abuse in late life. Boosting health in middle adulthood could help prevent elder abuse. Other implications for clinical practice, treatment, and future research on elder abuse are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Easton
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jooyoung Kong
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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16
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Sathya T, Premkumar R. Association of functional limitations and disability with elder abuse in India: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:220. [PMID: 32576146 PMCID: PMC7310468 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, elder abuse is a common form of violence against the elderly. This study examines the association of disability and functional ability measures with elder abuse in India. Methods Cross-sectional data from the UNFPA’s ‘Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India’ (BKPAI 2011) have been analysed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses have been used to examine the association of measures of disability and functional ability with elder abuse/mistreatment. Results The overall prevalence of elder abuse in the study population is 11.4%. The prevalence of elder abuse experienced by study participants in the month before the survey is 6%. The prevalence of disability/functional ability increases the likelihood of elder abuse. Furthermore, the association between functional ability and abuse is stronger and consistent among the elderly who experienced abuse in the month preceding the survey. In addition, the association between disability and elder abuse is stronger in urban areas. Another observation is that gender introduces considerable disparities in the association of disability and functional ability measures with elder abuse. While elderly men with more than two disabilities are 1.85 times (95% CI: 1.23, 2.77, p < 0.003) more likely to experience abuse/mistreatment, women are 3.16 times (CI: 2.22, 4.49, p < .001) more exposed to it. Conclusions The results of this study suggest a significant association of disability and functional ability with elder abuse. The association differs considerably by place of residence and gender. Measures to improve the functional health of the elderly population and measures to protect the elderly with disability and functional limitations are important in preventing abuse/mistreatment in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sathya
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Mumbai, 400088, India.
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17
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Weissberger GH, Mosqueda L, Nguyen AL, Samek A, Boyle PA, Nguyen CP, Han SD. Physical and mental health correlates of perceived financial exploitation in older adults: Preliminary findings from the Finance, Cognition, and Health in Elders Study (FINCHES). Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:740-746. [PMID: 30739493 PMCID: PMC6933096 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1571020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Financial exploitation (FE) in old age is poorly understood, particularly among those without significant cognitive impairment. The Finance, Cognition, and Health in Elders Study (FINCHES) aims to identify factors associated with FE among cognitively-healthy older adults. Preliminary findings regarding physical and mental health correlates in the pilot phase of FINCHES are reported.Method: Sixteen older adults who self-reported FE were demographically-matched on age, education, sex, and race/ethnicity to eighteen older adults who did not report past FE.Results: Those who believed they were exploited endorsed significantly greater symptoms of depression (p = 0.014) and marginally greater symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.062). Participants trended towards lower perceived successful aging (p = 0.094). Perceived FE participants also endorsed greater medical conditions (p = 0.047), but follow-up individual item analyses suggest that this was driven by problems with sleep (p = 0.030).Conclusions: These preliminary findings from the pilot phase of FINCHES highlight negative mental health factors associated with perceived FE among cognitively-intact older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali H. Weissberger
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, USA
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, USA
| | - Annie L. Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, USA
| | - Anya Samek
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia A. Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA;,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline P. Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, USA
| | - S. Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, USA;,Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA;,Department of Psychology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA;,USC School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA;,Department of Neurology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Koga C, Hanazato M, Tsuji T, Suzuki N, Kondo K. Elder Abuse and Social Capital in Older Adults: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Gerontology 2019; 66:149-159. [PMID: 31514199 DOI: 10.1159/000502544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is a serious public health issue worldwide, but large-scale epidemiologic studies remain sparse. Although social factors in human relations such as social support and social isolation have been proposed as the factors related to elder abuse, cognitive social capital has not been examined. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify the prevalence of and the factors associated with elder abuse among independent older adults in Japan. METHODS The study design is a retrospective observational study. The data were derived from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). These self-report data were collected from 26,229 people aged 65 years or older living in 28 municipalities in 2013. The types of elder abuse and factors associated with them were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of elder abuse among the sample was 12.3% (11.1% in males and 13.3 in females). In the entire sample, physical, psychological, and financial abuses were reported to be 1.26, 11.12, and 1.45%, respectively. Factors associated with increased odds of experiencing abuse were being a woman, living with family members, having poor self-rated health, and having mild or severe depression. By contrast, age ≥85 years, being widowed, or unmarried, and having a positive view of community trust were associated with a lower risk of experiencing abuse. CONCLUSION While particular demographic factors and health are associated with a greater risk of elder abuse, our findings that trust within the community lessens the risk indicates the importance of social capital. This should be taken into consideration when developing population-based strategies to prevent elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Koga
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan,
| | | | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norimichi Suzuki
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Mehra A, Grover S, Agarwal A, Bashar M, Avasthi A. Prevalence of Elder Abuse and its Association with Psychiatric Morbidity in a Rural Setting. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 10:218-224. [PMID: 31001008 PMCID: PMC6454962 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_338_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of elder abuse in a rural setting. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the association of elder abuse with psychiatric morbidity and demographic factors. Methodology: A total of 125 elderly (age ≥55 years) were evaluated for psychiatric diagnosis as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) criteria by the qualified psychiatrist and were evaluated on Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale for elder abuse. Results: More than half (58.4%) of the participants had one psychiatric disorder, with depression being the most common. Elder abuse was seen in more than one-third (41.6%) of the study participants. Those with psychiatric morbidity had significantly higher prevalence of abuse. None of the demographic factors was associated with abuse. Conclusion: Elder abuse is highly prevalent in rural setting, especially among those with psychiatric morbidity. Implications: Considering the high prevalence of elder abuse, there is an urgent need to address the problem. Public awareness, education, and sensitization of people toward the abuse are need of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Mehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohammad Bashar
- Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Santos MABD, Moreira RDS, Faccio PF, Gomes GC, Silva VDL. Factors associated with elder abuse: a systematic review of the literature. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 25:2153-2175. [PMID: 32520262 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.25112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Elder abuse is a complex public health problem. It is of fundamental importance to ascertain which factors are associated with each specific type of abuse, as a way of enabling the creation of evidence-based public policies. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature regarding analytical epidemiological studies of factors associated with elder abuse. Four databases were used for the bibliographic search: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Lilacs, with no limitations regarding year of publication. Articles were selected by pairs of researchers in two stages: reading of abstracts (3.121) and reading of complete articles (64). The total number of articles selected was 27. The risk of bias was evaluated. The factors associated with general violence were age, sex, marital status, educational level, income, family arrangement, social support, solitude, mental disorder, depression, suicide attempt, dependence on others in daily activities, cognitive function, chronic diseases, alcohol or drug abuse, among others. Elder abuse was found to be a multifactorial and complex phenomenon that should not therefore be viewed in a partial one-dimensional manner, but in such a way as to take into account all dimensions and the interdependence of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angélica Bezerra Dos Santos
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária. 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil.
| | - Rafael da Silveira Moreira
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária. 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil.
| | - Patrícia Fernanda Faccio
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária. 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil.
| | - Gabriela Carneiro Gomes
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária. 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil.
| | - Vanessa de Lima Silva
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária. 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil.
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21
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Associations among Elder Abuse, Depression and PTSD in South Korean Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091948. [PMID: 30200661 PMCID: PMC6165533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention is being placed on the prevalence of elder abuse and its impact on mental health. This study conducted a survey of 172 elderly people in South Korea to determine the prevalence of elder abuse and the relationships involving elder abuse, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, which included the Korean Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (KGDS) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the frequency of specific forms of abuse. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the factors that contributed to risk of abuse exposure and the relationship between exposure and PTSD or depression. The results indicated around 22% of the participants reported abuse exposure, which most commonly included being refused physical contact, verbal threats, and/or being excluded from decision-making about personal issues. Low education and being unmarried, separated or divorced was associated with an increased risk of abuse exposure. There were strong associations between elder abuse and PTSD symptoms, while comparable relationships with depression were weaker and were not robust to the inclusion of control variables. The findings provided empirical support for the relationship between abuse experiences of the elderly and poor mental health and raise important issues for the mental health care of the elderly.
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22
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Torres-Castro S, Szlejf C, Parra-Rodríguez L, Rosas-Carrasco O. Association Between Frailty and Elder Abuse in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Mexico City. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:1773-1778. [PMID: 30094814 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between frailty and elder abuse in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN Secondary cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort. SETTING The Frailty, Dynapenia and Sarcopenia in Mexican Adults study, a cohort of community-dwelling adults from 2 municipalities in Mexico City. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older (N=487, mean age 73.2 ± 8.0, 80% female). MEASUREMENTS Elder abuse was assessed using the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale and frailty using the Frailty Phenotype. Abuse was then classified as total abuse (any subtype), conflict abuse (physical, psychological, sexual abuse), financial abuse, and caregiver neglect. Information was also obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, mental status, nutritional status, disability, and polypharmacy. RESULTS Prevalence of total abuse was 35.7%. Frailty was associated with total abuse (odds ratio (OR)=2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.22-5.21, p=.01) and conflict abuse (OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.18-5.33, p=.02) after adjusting for confounders but not with financial abuse or caregiver neglect. Depression was an effect modifier in the association between frailty and total abuse. Frailty was associated with total abuse in participants with depression (OR=5.23, 95% CI=1.87-14.56, p=.002) but not in those without (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.10-2.87, p=.47). CONCLUSION Frailty is associated with total and conflict abuse in community-dwelling older adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of frailty on elder abuse and investigate the effectiveness of interventions for primary and secondary prevention.
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23
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Vilar-Compte M, Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Ochoa-Laginas A, Gaitan-Rossi P. Association Between Depression and Elder Abuse and the Mediation of Social Support: A Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Females in Mexico City. J Aging Health 2018; 30:559-583. [PMID: 28553796 DOI: 10.1177/0898264316686432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between depression and elder abuse, and the mediation effect of social support among elder women in Mexico City. METHOD A total of 526 noninstitutionalized elder women, residing in Mexico City and attending public community centers were selected. Logistic regressions and structural equation models (SEM) were estimated. RESULTS One fifth of the elderly women were at risk of depression, one third suffered some type of abuse in the past 12 months, and 82% reported low social support. Logistic models confirmed that depression was statistically associated with elder abuse and vice versa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97 and 1.96, respectively). In both models, social support significantly reduced the association between these variables leading to study these associations through SEM. This approach highlighted that social support buffers the association between depression and elder abuse. DISCUSSION Findings underline the relevance of programs and strategies targeted at increasing social support among urban older adults.
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24
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McDonald L. The mistreatment of older Canadians: findings from the 2015 national prevalence study. J Elder Abuse Negl 2018; 30:176-208. [DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2018.1452657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn McDonald
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, The National Initiative for the Care of the Elderly, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
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25
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Flores RJ, Campo-Arias A, Stimpson JP, Chalela CM, Reyes-Ortiz CA. The Association Between Past Sexual Abuse and Depression in Older Adults From Colombia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2018; 31:13-18. [PMID: 29172904 DOI: 10.1177/0891988717743588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To explore the association between past sexual abuse and depression in elders living in Bogotá, Colombia, we used data from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento [Health, Well-being, and Aging]) Bogotá Study. Participants were 2000 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older in 2012. Sexual abuse was assessed by self-report. Depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. The weighted prevalence estimate was 2.6% for past sexual abuse and 23.4% for depression. Multivariate data analyses showed significantly higher odds of depression for past sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-7.16). Other characteristics associated with depression were history of being displaced by violence (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.30-2.40), low socioeconomic status, low education, poor self-rated health status, and poor self-rated memory. Thus, past sexual abuse and history of being displaced by violence were strongly associated with depression among Colombian elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Flores
- 1 Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adalberto Campo-Arias
- 2 Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Jim P Stimpson
- 3 City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia M Chalela
- 4 Programa de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Reyes-Ortiz
- 1 Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Hansen MC, Flores DV, Coverdale J, Burnett J. Correlates of depression in self-neglecting older adults: A cross-sectional study examining the role of alcohol abuse and pain in increasing vulnerability. J Elder Abuse Negl 2016; 28:41-56. [PMID: 26716386 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2015.1136252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-neglect among older adults results in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Depression is strongly linked to self-neglect and when untreated, severely complicates management of health and functional outcomes. The study aims to identify factors correlated with depression to inform approaches to service recruitment and retention that improve long-term outcomes. The sample included urban community-dwelling older adults (n = 96) 65 years of age and older with Adult Protective Services-substantiated self-neglect. All participants completed a range of validated cognitive, functional, and self-report demographic and clinical measures around health and mental health functioning. A secondary data analysis using multivariable logistic regression revealed that a positive screen for alcohol abuse, low self-rated health, and higher self-reported pain were associated with significantly higher odds of self-reported depression. Further research is needed to understand the temporality between these correlates and depression and to inform prevention and intervention practices for self-neglecting older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa C Hansen
- a School of Social Work , California State University, Long Beach , Long Beach , California , USA.,b Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment (TEAM) Institute , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - David V Flores
- b Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment (TEAM) Institute , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - John Coverdale
- b Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment (TEAM) Institute , Houston , Texas , USA.,c Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas , USA.,d Harris Health System , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Jason Burnett
- b Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment (TEAM) Institute , Houston , Texas , USA.,d Harris Health System , Houston , Texas , USA.,e Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine , UTHealth , Houston , Texas , USA.,f Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health , UTHealth , Houston , Texas , USA
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27
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Band-Winterstein T. Nurses' Encounters With Older Adults Engaged in Self-Neglectful Behaviors in the Community: A Qualitative Study. J Appl Gerontol 2016; 37:965-989. [PMID: 27572342 DOI: 10.1177/0733464816665206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alongside clinical tasks and decision making, there is a growing awareness of the emotions that arise during nurses' interaction with clients and its significance in relation to meeting the demands of one's role. This study aims to delve deeper into the experience of community care nurses' encounters with older adults engaged in self-neglectful behaviors. METHOD In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 experienced nurses in Israel, who worked with older adults engaged in self-neglectful behaviors in the community. RESULTS Three main themes emerged: "Everything is amplified in old age": An age-related decline in functioning produces situations of self-neglect, Self-neglect as an experience imprinted on the nurse's work: The struggle for treatment, and "What is our role here?"-Nurses' obligations in cases of self-neglect. CONCLUSION The complexity of older adults engaged in self-neglectful behaviors results in feelings of confusion and ambiguity regarding the nurses' role.
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28
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Sirey JA, Halkett A, Chambers S, Salamone A, Bruce ML, Raue PJ, Berman J. PROTECT: A Pilot Program to Integrate Mental Health Treatment Into Elder Abuse Services for Older Women. J Elder Abuse Negl 2015; 27:438-53. [PMID: 26331553 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2015.1088422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this pilot program was to test the usefulness of adapted Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) and anxiety management, called PROTECT, integrated into elder abuse services to reduce depression and improve self-efficacy. Depressed women victims were randomized to receive elder abuse resolution services combined with either PROTECT or a mental health referral. At follow-up, the PROTECT group showed greater reduction in depressive symptoms and endorsed greater improved self-efficacy in problem-solving when compared to those in the Referral condition. These preliminary findings support the potential usefulness of PROTECT to alleviate depressive symptoms and enhance personal resources among abused older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Anne Sirey
- a Department of Psychiatry , Weill Cornell Medical College , White Plains , New York , USA
| | - Ashley Halkett
- a Department of Psychiatry , Weill Cornell Medical College , White Plains , New York , USA
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- a Department of Psychiatry , Weill Cornell Medical College , White Plains , New York , USA
| | - Aurora Salamone
- b New York City Department for the Aging , New York , New York , USA
| | - Martha L Bruce
- a Department of Psychiatry , Weill Cornell Medical College , White Plains , New York , USA
| | - Patrick J Raue
- a Department of Psychiatry , Weill Cornell Medical College , White Plains , New York , USA
| | - Jacquelin Berman
- b New York City Department for the Aging , New York , New York , USA
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