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Adamson PC, Bhatia R, Tran KDC, Bui HTM, Vu D, Shiraishi RW, Giang LM. Prevalence, Anatomic Distribution, and Correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections Among a Cohort of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sex Transm Dis 2022; 49:504-510. [PMID: 35312657 PMCID: PMC9601603 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM). Data on the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and correlates of NG and CT infections among MSM in Vietnam are limited. METHODS Between July 2017 and April 2019, MSM 16 years or older without HIV were enrolled into an observational cohort study. Baseline data, including sociodemographics, sexual behavior, and HIV status, were collected. Testing for NG and CT were performed on urine, rectal, and pharyngeal specimens. Multivariate logistic regression models identified factors associated with NG and CT infections at baseline. RESULTS In total, 1489 participants underwent NG/CT testing. The median age was 22 years (interquartile range, 20-26 years). There were 424 (28.5%) NG or CT infections: 322 (21.6%) with CT and 173 (11.6%) with NG. Rectal infections were most common for CT (73.9%), whereas pharyngeal infections were most common for NG (70.5%). Independent risk factors for CT or NG infection included ≥2 sex partners in the prior month (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.91), condomless anal sex (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12-1.86), and meeting sex partners online (aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03-1.76). Recent genitourinary or rectal symptoms were not associated with infections. CONCLUSIONS The overall and extragenital prevalences of NG and CT infections were high within this sample of young MSM without HIV in Hanoi. Testing limited to urethral specimens would have missed nearly three-quarters of CT and NG infections, supporting the need for routine testing at multiple anatomic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Adamson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Khoa D. C. Tran
- Center for Training and Research on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
| | - Hao T. M. Bui
- Center for Training and Research on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
| | - Diep Vu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Vietnam
| | - Ray W. Shiraishi
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Le Minh Giang
- Center for Training and Research on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
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Sutini, Rahayu SR, Saefurrohim MZ, Al Ayubi MTA, Wijayanti H, Wandastuti AD, Miarso D, Susilastuti MS. Prevalence and Determinants of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in the City of Semarang. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:809-816. [PMID: 35950061 PMCID: PMC9341011 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opportunistic infection (OI) is the most significant complication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Differences in the characteristics of HIV patients make the prevalence of Opportunistic infection different between regions. The study aimed to identify variables associated with OI incidence among HIV-infected patients in Semarang City, Indonesia. Methods This study uses secondary data sourced from special HIV surveillance for 2019–2021 with a cross-sectional method. 1362 HIV patients with variables health care facilities; year of diagnosis; area of residence; age; sex; pregnancy status; occupation; risk factors; risk group determined based on purposive sampling were included in the chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Results This study showed 12.3% (n=167) of HIV patients experienced OI, where OI was more common in HIV patients with risk groups of sex workers (28.70%), high-risk partners (18.60%), and Male Sex with Men (MSM) (15.40). The most common types of OI were tuberculosis infection (43%), candidiasis (21%), and diarrhea (9%). Age was the variable most associated with the incidence of OI (p-value 0.001). Conclusions Age groups 45–54 years and 55–64 years have the most influential association with Opportunistic infection incidence in HIV patients, so planning an appropriate intervention program for this subpopulation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutini
- Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.,Semarang Health Office
| | | | | | | | - Herlina Wijayanti
- Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.,Semarang Health Office
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Whelan J, Abbing-Karahagopian V, Serino L, Unemo M. Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1152. [PMID: 34763670 PMCID: PMC8582208 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic gonorrhoea prevalence assessments in the general population or proxies thereof (including pregnant women, women attending family planning clinics, military recruits, and men undergoing employment physicals for example) and in population groups at increased risk, including men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and sex workers. METHOD We evaluated reported prevalence data, including estimates from proxy general population samples to reflect the WHO recommendations. We describe the outcomes from the general population country-by-country and extend previous reviews to include MSM, sex workers, and extragenital infections. RESULT AND CONCLUSION In our systematic search, 2015 titles were reviewed (January 2010-April 2019) and 174 full-text publications were included. National, population-based prevalence data were identified in only four countries (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Peru, New Caledonia) and local population-based estimates were reported in areas within five countries (China, South Africa, Brazil, Benin, and Malawi). The remaining studies identified only reported test positivity from non-probability, proxy general population samples. Due to the diversity of the reviewed studies, detailed comparison across studies was not possible. In MSM, data were identified from 64 studies in 25 countries. Rectal infection rates were generally higher than urogenital or pharyngeal infection rates, where extragenital testing was conducted. Data on sex workers were identified from 41 studies in 23 countries; rates in female sex workers were high. Current prevalence monitoring was shown to be highly suboptimal worldwide. Serial prevalence monitoring of critical epidemiological variables, and guidelines to optimize prevalence study conduct and reporting beyond antenatal settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Whelan
- Clinical and Epidemiology Research and Development, GSK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Laura Serino
- Clinical and Epidemiology Research and Development, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Dang LVP, Nguyen QH, Ishizaki A, Larsson M, Vu NTP, Do Duy C, Olson L, Dinh TT. Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors in HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men on Antiretroviral Therapy in Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam: A Case-Control Study. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320926743. [PMID: 32552402 PMCID: PMC7307406 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320926743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of opportunistic infections (OIs) and factors associated with acquiring OIs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in comparison to those of heterosexual patients. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 HIV-infected MSM and 120 HIV-infected heterosexual men in Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Demographical characteristics and clinical data were collected and analyzed using appropriate statistics (Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression). RESULTS The prevalence of OIs among MSM and heterosexual patients were 63.4% and 81.7%, respectively. The most frequent OI in the MSM group was human papilloma virus (HPV) (11%), followed by hepatitis B virus (8.5%), mycobacterium tuberculosis (7.3%), and Talaromycosis (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that buying sex (odds ratio (OR) = 4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-14.25) and injecting drugs (OR = 13.05, 95% CI: 2.39-71.21) were associated with increased odds of having OIs in heterosexual patients while increasing age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.01-1.24) was correlated to increased odd of acquiring OIs in the MSM group. HIV-infected MSM accumulates OIs with increasing age, while heterosexual individuals increase opportunistic infections by buying sex or injecting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quan Hai Nguyen
- Laboratory Centre, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Azumi Ishizaki
- Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Mattias Larsson
- Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden, Vietnam.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cuong Do Duy
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linus Olson
- Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC), Sweden, Vietnam.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thanh Thi Dinh
- Laboratory Centre, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen VAT, Nguyen NQH, Khuat TH, Nguyen PTT, Do TT, Vu XT, Tran K, Ho MT, Nguyen HKT, Vuong TT, Vuong QH. Righting the Misperceptions of Men Having Sex with Men: A Pre-Requisite for Protecting and Understanding Gender Incongruence in Vietnam. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E105. [PMID: 30658424 PMCID: PMC6351936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting the rights of the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, intersex, and queers (LGBTIQ) population requires, first and foremost, a proper understanding of their sexual orientation and gender identity. This study highlights a severe misunderstanding and lack of knowledge among health professionals in Vietnam with regard to the men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgenders. This study uses (i) a survey based on the convenience sampling method among 150 health workers that covered 61 questions and (ii) 12 in-depth interviews in two metropolitan centres in Vietnam, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. Three main topics are explored: (i) the general knowledge of healthcare workers about MSM and transgenders; (ii) their knowledge about the sexual reproductive health and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risks of MSM and transgenders; and (iii) their attitudes and behaviors towards MSM and transgenders. One of the notable findings is how prevalent the misperceptions are across the board, namely, in staff of both sexes, in both cities, at various kinds of medical facilities, at different work positions and educational levels. Half of the respondents consider transgenders to have a curable mental problem while 45% say MSM only have sex with males. Most remarkably, 12.7% state if they have any choice, they want nothing to do with MSM and transgenders. The study finds there is a considerable percentage of health professionals who lack knowledge about the diversity of sexual orientation, gender identity, and health issues related to the sexual minorities and gender non-conforming population. To improve the clinical process for serving these at-risk groups, the study suggests the continual education for the health workers needs to be added to their formal as well as in-job training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh T Nguyen
- Institute for Social Development Studies (ISDS), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | | | - Thu Hong Khuat
- Institute for Social Development Studies (ISDS), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | | | - Thu Trang Do
- Institute for Social Development Studies (ISDS), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Xuan Thai Vu
- Institute for Social Development Studies (ISDS), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Kien Tran
- Institute for Social Development Studies (ISDS), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- School of Law, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Manh Tung Ho
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
| | | | | | - Quan Hoang Vuong
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.
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The Dark Side of Female HIV Patient Care: Sexual and Reproductive Health Risks in Pre- and Post-Clinical Treatments. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110402. [PMID: 30384413 PMCID: PMC6262424 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the pre- and post-clinical issues in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and treatment for women and girls of high-risk population groups—namely sex workers, injecting drug users, women living with HIV, primary sexual partners of people living with HIV, adolescent girls who are children of these groups, and migrant young girls and women—in five provinces and cities in Vietnam. Through a sample of 241 surveyed participants and 48 respondents for in-depth interviews and 32 respondents in the focus group discussions, the study identifies multiple barriers that keep these groups from receiving the proper health care that is well within their human rights. Most respondents rated HIV testing as easily accessible, yet only 18.9% of the surveyed women living with HIV disclosed their infection status, while 37.8% gave no information at the most recent prenatal care visit. The level of knowledge and proper practices of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care also remains limited. Meanwhile, modern birth control methods have yet to be widely adopted among these populations: only 30.7% of respondents reported using condoms when having sex with their husband. This increases the risks of unwanted pregnancy and abortion, as well as vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV transmission. On the other hand, HIV-related stigma and discrimination at health care settings are still pervasive, which create significant barriers for patients to access proper care services. Based on these results, six recommendations to improve SRH status of women and girls of populations at high risk are put forward.
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