1
|
Wei X, Lü W. Childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents: Role of executive function and life events stress. J Adolesc 2023; 95:740-750. [PMID: 36751143 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to childhood trauma is found to increase internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents, however, the potential mechanism of this link remains underexplored. This study investigated the associations between childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents, and tested the mediating role of executive function and the moderating role of life events stress in this relationship. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected from 952 junior students in Northwest China. Participants ranged in age from 11 to 15 years old (M = 12.88 years, SD = 0.72; 53% females). SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the relationship between variables and examine the mediation model and the moderated mediation model. RESULTS Childhood trauma was positively associated with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents. In addition, executive function partially mediated the relations between childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Life events stress was observed to moderate the relations between childhood trauma and executive function, as well as executive function and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, but the effect sizes were relatively small. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the role of executive function and life events stress in the association between childhood trauma and behavioral problems among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, USA
| | - Wei Lü
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Lu HJ, Li H, Chang L. Childhood Environmental Unpredictability and Experimentally Primed Uncertainty in Relation to Intuitive versus Deliberate Visual Search. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37359686 PMCID: PMC10141834 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Visual search is an integral part of animal life. Two search strategies, intuitive vs. deliberate search, are adopted by almost all animals including humans to adapt to different extent of environmental uncertainty. In two eye-tracking experiments involving simple visual search (Study 1) and complex information search (Study 2), we used the evolutionary life history (LH) approach to investigate the interaction between childhood environmental unpredictability and primed concurrent uncertainty in enabling these two search strategies. The results indicate that when individuals with greater childhood unpredictability were exposed to uncertainty cues, they exhibited intuitive rather than deliberate visual search (i.e., fewer fixations, reduced dwell time, a larger saccade size, and fewer repetitive inspections relative to individuals with lower childhood unpredictability). We conclude that childhood environment is crucial in calibrating LH including visual and cognitive strategies to adaptively respond to current environmental conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04667-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Hanran Li
- Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences Building E21-3045, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences Building E21-3045, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoogland M, Ploeger A. Two Different Mismatches: Integrating the Developmental and the Evolutionary-Mismatch Hypothesis. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1737-1745. [PMID: 35834332 PMCID: PMC9634284 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221078318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary psychology aims to understand the origins of the human mind,
including disease. Several theories about the origins of disease have been
proposed. One concerns a developmental mismatch—a mismatch might occur at the
individual level between the environment experienced during childhood and the
environment the adult finds herself in, possibly resulting in disease. A second
theory concerns the idea of an evolutionary mismatch—humans are adapted to
ancestral conditions so they might now experience a mismatch with their modern
environment, possibly resulting in disease. A third theory—differential
susceptibility—outlines how genetic and epigenetic differences influence the
extent to which humans are susceptible to rearing, including positive and
negative experiences. Because of these differences, some individuals are more
prone to develop disease than others. We review empirical studies that
substantiate these theories and argue that an overarching theory that integrates
these three lines into one provides a more accurate understanding of disease
from an evolutionary perspective.
Collapse
|
4
|
Trans- and Multigenerational Maternal Social Isolation Stress Programs the Blood Plasma Metabolome in the F3 Generation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070572. [PMID: 35888696 PMCID: PMC9320469 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic risk factors are among the most common causes of noncommunicable diseases, and stress critically contributes to metabolic risk. In particular, social isolation during pregnancy may represent a salient stressor that affects offspring metabolic health, with potentially adverse consequences for future generations. Here, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to analyze the blood plasma metabolomes of the third filial (F3) generation of rats born to lineages that experienced either transgenerational or multigenerational maternal social isolation stress. We show that maternal social isolation induces distinct and robust metabolic profiles in the blood plasma of adult F3 offspring, which are characterized by critical switches in energy metabolism, such as upregulated formate and creatine phosphate metabolisms and downregulated glucose metabolism. Both trans- and multigenerational stress altered plasma metabolomic profiles in adult offspring when compared to controls. Social isolation stress increasingly affected pathways involved in energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis, particularly in branched-chain amino acid synthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (lactate, citrate), muscle performance (alanine, creatine phosphate), and immunoregulation (serine, threonine). Levels of creatine phosphate, leucine, and isoleucine were associated with changes in anxiety-like behaviours in open field exploration. The findings reveal the metabolic underpinnings of epigenetically heritable diseases and suggest that even remote maternal social stress may become a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and adverse mental health outcomes. Metabolomic signatures of transgenerational stress may aid in the risk prediction and early diagnosis of non-communicable diseases in precision medicine approaches.
Collapse
|
5
|
Clinton SM, Unroe KA, Shupe EA, McCoy CR, Glover ME. Resilience to Stress: Lessons from Rodents about Nature versus Nurture. Neuroscientist 2022; 28:283-298. [PMID: 33567987 PMCID: PMC11092422 DOI: 10.1177/1073858421989357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in human temperament influence how we respond to stress and can confer vulnerability (or resilience) to emotional disorders. For example, high levels of behavioral inhibition in children predict increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders in later life. The biological underpinnings of temperament are unknown, although improved understanding can offer insight into the pathogenesis of emotional disorders. Our laboratory has used a rat model of temperamental differences to study neurodevelopmental factors that lead to a highly inhibited, stress vulnerable phenotype. Selective breeding for high versus low behavioral response to novelty created two rat strains that exhibit dramatic behavior differences over multiple domains relevant to emotional disorders. Low novelty responder (bLR) rats exhibit high levels of behavioral inhibition, passive stress coping, anhedonia, decreased sociability and vulnerability to chronic stress compared to high novelty responders (bHRs). On the other hand, bHRs exhibit high levels of behavioral dis-inhibition, active coping, and aggression. This review article summarizes our work with the bHR/bLR model showing the developmental emergence of the bHR/bLR phenotypes, the role the environment plays in shaping it, and the involvement of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation that mediate differences in emotionality and stress reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Keaton A. Unroe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Shupe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Chelsea R. McCoy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Matthew E. Glover
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nketia J, Amso D, Brito NH. Towards a more inclusive and equitable developmental cognitive neuroscience. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101014. [PMID: 34571453 PMCID: PMC8476647 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and cognitive development is a burgeoning area of scientific inquiry, with tremendous potential to better the lives of children. Large scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies offer opportunities for significant scientific advances in our understanding of developing brain structure and function. The proposed manuscript will focus on the scientific potential of the HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) Study, highlighting what questions these data can and what they cannot answer about child development. Specifically, we caution against the misuse of these data for advancing de-contextualized and scientifically questionable narratives about the development of children from marginalized communities. We will focus on building and organizing a framework for interpreting HBCD data through the lens of sampling, cultural context, measurement, and developmental science theory. Our goal is to thoughtfully offer the scientific community opportunities to use the large scale and collaborative nature of HBCD to collectively revise practices in developmental science that to-date have not carefully considered their own role in perpetuating narratives that support systemic injustice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazlyn Nketia
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, United States; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States.
| | - Dima Amso
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
It is Not (Always) the Mismatch That Beats You-On the Relationship Between Interaction of Early and Recent Life Stress and Emotion Regulation, an fMRI Study. Brain Topogr 2021; 35:219-231. [PMID: 34775569 PMCID: PMC8860803 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress may impact the ability to effectively regulate emotions. To study the impact of stressful experiences in early and recent life on emotion regulation, we examined the relationship between early life stress, recent stress, and brain activation during cognitive reappraisal. We investigated two regulation goals: the decrease and increase of emotional response to both negative and positive stimuli. Furthermore, two models of stress consequences were examined: the cumulative and match/mismatch models. A total of 83 participants (Mage = 21.66) took part in the study. There was an interaction between cumulative stress and stimuli valence in the cuneus, superior lateral occipital cortex, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus extending to superior temporal gyrus, and precentral gyrus extending to supplementary motor area. Interaction between mismatched stress index and stimuli valence was found in the left hippocampus, left insula extending to the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala, and in a cluster including the anterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole. Furthermore, there were differences between the effects of cumulative and mismatched stress indices on brain activation during reappraisal of positive but not negative stimuli. Results indicate that cumulative stress and match/mismatch approaches are both useful for explaining brain activation during reappraisal. This finding is important for our understanding of the multifaceted impact of stress on emotion regulation.
Collapse
|
8
|
The relationship between early and recent life stress and emotional expression processing: A functional connectivity study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 20:588-603. [PMID: 32342272 PMCID: PMC7266792 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize neural activation during the processing of negative facial expressions in a non-clinical group of individuals characterized by two factors: the levels of stress experienced in early life and in adulthood. Two models of stress consequences were investigated: the match/mismatch and cumulative stress models. The match/mismatch model assumes that early adversities may promote optimal coping with similar events in the future through fostering the development of coping strategies. The cumulative stress model assumes that effects of stress are additive, regardless of the timing of the stressors. Previous studies suggested that stress can have both cumulative and match/mismatch effects on brain structure and functioning and, consequently, we hypothesized that effects on brain circuitry would be found for both models. We anticipated effects on the neural circuitry of structures engaged in face perception and emotional processing. Hence, the amygdala, fusiform face area, occipital face area, and posterior superior temporal sulcus were selected as seeds for seed-based functional connectivity analyses. The interaction between early and recent stress was related to alterations during the processing of emotional expressions mainly in to the cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. For cumulative stress levels, such alterations were observed in functional connectivity to the middle temporal gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, precuneus, precentral and postcentral gyri, anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, and Heschl's gyrus. This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that both the cumulative and the match/mismatch hypotheses are useful in explaining the effects of stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gero K, Aida J, Shirai K, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Dispositional Optimism and Disaster Resilience: A natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Soc Sci Med 2021; 273:113777. [PMID: 33639358 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dispositional optimism - the general belief that good things will happen - is considered a key asset for the preservation of mental health after a traumatic life event. However, it has been hypothesized that in extreme situations such as major disasters where positive expectations cannot overcome the grim reality on the ground, being optimistic might be a disadvantage. To test this mismatch hypothesis, this study explores whether higher pre-disaster dispositional optimism is associated with higher posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms among individuals who experienced the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. METHODS Information on optimism was collected from community-dwelling residents aged ≥65 years seven months before the 2011 Earthquake/Tsunami in Iwanuma, a Japanese city located 80-km from the epicenter. Data on disaster-related personal experiences (e.g., loss of relatives or friends/housing damage), as well as depressive and PTS symptoms, were collected during a follow-up survey in 2013, 2.5 years after the earthquake and tsunami. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the associations between disaster experiences, optimism, and depressive/PTS symptoms among 962 participants. RESULTS Higher pre-disaster dispositional optimism was associated with lower odds of developing depressive symptoms (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.95) and PTS symptoms (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.99) after the earthquake. Contrary to the mismatch hypothesis, high dispositional optimism buffered the adverse impact of housing damage on depressive symptoms (interaction term coefficient = -0.63, p = 0.0431), but not on PTS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the mismatch hypothesis, the results suggest that dispositional optimism is a resilience resource among survivors of a disaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Gero
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takano A, Fukasawa M, Watanabe K, Nishi D, Kawakami N. Adolescent Work Values and Drug Use in Adulthood: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1483-1492. [PMID: 34120563 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1936055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Personal values have been considered as a predictor of drug use. Methods: We examined the association between work values in adolescence and drug use in adulthood using 23-year longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study. Results: Partial extrinsic and intrinsic work values predicted cannabis use in the past year after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and alcohol and tobacco use at baseline. A part of intrinsic work values was negatively associated with illicit drug use in the past year. Conclusions: The present study suggested that some personal values might influence future drug use. Investigating the association between personal values and subsequent drug use through personal value theory and self-determination theory could help to understand risk and preventive factors in drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takano
- Departmentof Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Fukasawa
- Health Promotion Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
TIAN X, CAO Y, ZHANG W. The influence of maternal negative parenting, peer victimization and <italic>FKBP5</italic> gene on adolescent depressive symptoms. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Black CFD, Barker TV, Fisher P. Measurement of parental executive function in early childhood settings: Instrument reliability and validity in community-led research projects. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:2277-2289. [PMID: 32667059 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of early childhood (EC) parenting programs target adult executive function (EF) to build responsive parenting behaviors and to promote positive child development. Although measurement of EF is well understood in academic research, little work has examined EF measurement in community settings. The present study examined psychometric properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version among 203 parents whose children were enrolled in EC programs serving under-resourced communities. We calculated Cronbach's α and mean-item correlations to test internal consistency reliability. To test factor structure, we conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. Results suggest adequate internal consistency and that factor structures, beyond the original proposed, are appropriate for our community sample. Together, findings indicate that self-report measures of adult EF may perform differently for families experiencing adversity, raising questions about the acceptability of clinical EF tools in in underserved communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyson V Barker
- Center for Translational Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Philip Fisher
- Center for Translational Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hennessy MB, Schiml PA, Berberich K, Beasley NL, Deak T. Early Attachment Disruption, Inflammation, and Vulnerability for Depression in Rodent and Primate Models. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:314. [PMID: 30666192 PMCID: PMC6330302 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early experiments in nonhuman primates established the relation between disruption of filial attachment and depressive-like outcomes. Subsequent studies in rats and mice have been instrumental in linking depressive-like outcomes to disturbances in maternal behavior. Another aspect of attachment disruption, absence of the attachment object per se, may be studied more effectively in a different laboratory rodent-the guinea pig. Here, we discuss the rationale for using guinea pigs for this work. We then review guinea pig studies providing evidence for inflammatory mechanisms mediating both depressive-like behavior during separation as well as sensitization of stress responsiveness such as is thought to lead to increased vulnerability to depression at later ages. Finally, we discuss recent complementary work in adult monkeys that suggests cross-species generalizability of broad principles derived from the guinea pig experiments. Overall, the findings provide experimental support for human research implicating inflammatory mechanisms in the development of increased stress responsiveness and vulnerability to depression following attachment disruption and other forms of early-life stress. Specifically, the findings suggest inflammatory mechanisms may set in motion a cascade of underlying processes that mediate later increased stress responsiveness and, therefore, depression susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hennessy
- Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Patricia A Schiml
- Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Katelyn Berberich
- Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Nicole L Beasley
- Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Terrence Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Different faces of (un)controllability: Control restoration modulates the efficiency of task switching. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Ungar M. The differential impact of social services on young people's resilience. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 78:4-12. [PMID: 28943094 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Differential Impact Theory (DIT) can help explain which services and supports work best for which young people at which levels of risk exposure. As a complement to a growing understanding of how a child's genetic and phenotypic traits influence treatment outcomes, DIT focuses attention on the relative impact of a child's environment on psychosocial development. In this article, three principles of DIT will be discussed: (1) demands of higher level systems compel individuals to adapt; (2) the factors that influence individual change the most depend on the individual's degree of risk exposure; and (3) the more complex the challenges an individual faces, the more complex the systems required to improve functioning. Two detailed case studies based on interviews and multiple file reviews will be used to illustrate these principles of DIT. Both case studies were drawn from a study of young people (average age 16.1 years) who were clients of multiple social services. While support for DIT requires further study, findings presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of the theory to explain the differential impact of services and supports on young people's developmental trajectories where there has been exposure to high levels of risk. The application of DIT to service design is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ungar
- Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, 6420 Cobourg Rd., P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fletcher J. Crushing hope: Short term responses to tragedy vary by hopefulness. Soc Sci Med 2018; 201:59-62. [PMID: 29438878 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the consequences of hopefulness when the environment changes. Much literature has documented the importance of a positive outlook in pursuing investments in health and education that pay off in the future. A question that has received less attention is whether a positive outlook creates resilience in the face of setbacks or whether a positive outlook may be a disadvantage in extreme circumstances, especially when there is a large mismatch between expectations and reality. This paper uses the coincidental interview schedule of the Add Health data (N = 15,024) around the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 to examine interactions with this environmental shock and previously elicited measures of hopefulness. The results suggest that increases in depressive symptoms following the attack are concentrated among those young adults who initially expressed the most hopefulness in the future as teenagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fletcher
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, Department of Sociology, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wolf IAC, Gilles M, Peus V, Scharnholz B, Seibert J, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Krumm B, Rietschel M, Deuschle M, Laucht M. Impact of prenatal stress on mother-infant dyadic behavior during the still-face paradigm. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2018; 5:2. [PMID: 29403645 PMCID: PMC5778796 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-018-0078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mother-infant interaction provides important training for the infant's ability to cope with stress and the development of resilience. Prenatal stress (PS) and its impact on the offspring's development have long been a focus of stress research, with studies highlighting both harmful and beneficial effects. The aim of the current study was to examine the possible influence of both psychological stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity during pregnancy with mother-child dyadic behavior following stress exposure. METHODS The behavior of 164 mother-infant dyads during the still-face situation was filmed at six months postpartum and coded into three dyadic patterns: 1) both positive, 2) infant protesting-mother positive, and 3) infant protesting-mother negative. PS exposure was assessed prenatally according to psychological measures (i.e., psychopathological, perceived and psychosocial PS; n = 164) and HPA axis activity measures (maternal salivary cortisol, i.e., cortisol decline and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg); n = 134). RESULTS Mother-infant dyads in both the high- and low-stress groups showed decreasing positive and increasing negative dyadic behavior in the reunion episode, which is associated with the well-known "still-face" and "carry-over" effect. Furthermore, mother-infant dyads with higher psychosocial PS exhibited significantly more positive dyadic behavior than the low psychosocial PS group in the first play episode, but not in the reunion episode. Similarly, mother-infant dyads with high HPA axis activity (i.e. high AUCg) but steeper diurnal cortisol decline (i.e. cortisol decline) displayed significantly less negative behavior in the reunion episode than dyads with low HPA axis activity. No significant results were found for psychopathological stress and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a beneficial effect of higher psychosocial PS and higher prenatal maternal HPA axis activity in late gestation, which is in line with "stress inoculation" theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Ann-Cathrin Wolf
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Gilles
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Peus
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Scharnholz
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Seibert
- Clinic for General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Jennen-Steinmetz
- 3Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bertram Krumm
- 3Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- 4Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Deuschle
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Laucht
- 5Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,6Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roy A, Oldehinkel AJ, Hartman CA. Cognitive Functioning in Adolescents with Self-Reported ADHD and Depression: Results from a Population-Based Study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 45:69-81. [PMID: 27138748 PMCID: PMC5219031 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess cognitive functioning differences among adolescents with retrospectively self-reported: ADHD and an onset of depression, only ADHD, only depression, and neither ADHD nor depression. Data from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) cohort was used in this study. Neuropsychological functioning was assessed in 1549 adolescents, at baseline and follow-up (mean ages 11 and 19 years). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to classify adolescents into 4 groups: ADHD with onset of depression, only ADHD, only depression, and neither ADHD nor depression. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyse group differences in cognitive functioning at baseline and follow-up, and the change in cognitive functioning between these 2 time-points. Results showed a significant main effect of group on response time variability at baseline, working memory maintenance at follow up, and change in response time variability scores between baseline and follow-up. As compared to the healthy and depressed-only groups, adolescents with only ADHD showed longer response time variability at baseline and, which declined between baseline and follow-up. Adolescents with ADHD plus depression showed higher reaction time for working memory maintenance than the depressed only and healthy groups at follow-up. In conclusion, adolescents with self-reported ADHD show poorer cognitive functioning than healthy adolescents and those with only depression. Amongst adolescents with ADHD, specific cognitive domains show poor functioning depending on the presence or absence of comorbid depression. While adolescents with only ADHD have lower reaction time variability, those with comorbid depression have poorer working memory maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Roy
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, CC 72, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands. .,Division of Child Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, CC 72, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, CC 72, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
AbstractPepper & Nettle's paper exemplifies an emerging resistance against an exclusive focus on deficits in people who come from harsh environments. We extend their model by arguing for a perspective that includes not only contextually appropriate responses but also strengths – that is, enhanced mental skills and abilities. Such a well-rounded approach can be leveraged in education, jobs, and interventions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Phenotypic programming as a distal cause of resilience. Behav Brain Sci 2016; 38:e115. [PMID: 26785631 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x14001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During early childhood, individuals with high sensitivity to early programming adjust their phenotype in a way that is expected to be adaptive in their later environment. These adaptations are hypothesized to result in resilience in environments that match the early environment. As appraisal style is a putative target of adaptive programming, early experiences could be a distal cause of resilience.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuhn M, Scharfenort R, Schümann D, Schiele MA, Münsterkötter AL, Deckert J, Domschke K, Haaker J, Kalisch R, Pauli P, Reif A, Romanos M, Zwanzger P, Lonsdorf TB. Mismatch or allostatic load? Timing of life adversity differentially shapes gray matter volume and anxious temperament. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:537-47. [PMID: 26568620 PMCID: PMC4814783 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, adversity was defined as the accumulation of environmental events (allostatic load). Recently however, a mismatch between the early and the later (adult) environment (mismatch) has been hypothesized to be critical for disease development, a hypothesis that has not yet been tested explicitly in humans. We explored the impact of timing of life adversity (childhood and past year) on anxiety and depression levels (N = 833) and brain morphology (N = 129). Both remote (childhood) and proximal (recent) adversities were differentially mirrored in morphometric changes in areas critically involved in emotional processing (i.e. amygdala/hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, respectively). The effect of adversity on affect acted in an additive way with no evidence for interactions (mismatch). Structural equation modeling demonstrated a direct effect of adversity on morphometric estimates and anxiety/depression without evidence of brain morphology functioning as a mediator. Our results highlight that adversity manifests as pronounced changes in brain morphometric and affective temperament even though these seem to represent distinct mechanistic pathways. A major goal of future studies should be to define critical time periods for the impact of adversity and strategies for intervening to prevent or reverse the effects of adverse childhood life experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kuhn
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Scharfenort
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schümann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy and Department of Psychology I, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna L Münsterkötter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy and
| | | | - Jan Haaker
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology I, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- University Hospital Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany, and kbo Inn Salzach Hospital Wasserburg, Germany
| | - Tina B Lonsdorf
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Waters RP, Rivalan M, Bangasser DA, Deussing JM, Ising M, Wood SK, Holsboer F, Summers CH. Evidence for the role of corticotropin-releasing factor in major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 58:63-78. [PMID: 26271720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide, and costing an estimated 380 billion Euros in lost productivity and health care in the European Union alone. Although a wealth of research has been directed toward understanding and treating MDD, still no therapy has proved to be consistently and reliably effective in interrupting the symptoms of this disease. Recent clinical and preclinical studies, using genetic screening and transgenic rodents, respectively, suggest a major role of the CRF1 gene, and the central expression of CRF1 receptor protein in determining an individual's risk of developing MDD. This gene is widely expressed in brain tissue, and regulates an organism's immediate and long-term responses to social and environmental stressors, which are primary contributors to MDD. This review presents the current state of knowledge on CRF physiology, and how it may influence the occurrence of symptoms associated with MDD. Additionally, this review presents findings from multiple laboratories that were presented as part of a symposium on this topic at the annual 2014 meeting of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society (IBNS). The ideas and data presented in this review demonstrate the great progress that has been made over the past few decades in our understanding of MDD, and provide a pathway forward toward developing novel treatments and detection methods for this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S K Wood
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - F Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; HMNC GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Cliff H Summers
- University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA; Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oldehinkel AJ, Rosmalen JG, Buitelaar JK, Hoek HW, Ormel J, Raven D, Reijneveld SA, Veenstra R, Verhulst FC, Vollebergh WA, Hartman CA. Cohort Profile Update: the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Int J Epidemiol 2014; 44:76-76n. [PMID: 25431468 PMCID: PMC4339762 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAILS consists of a population cohort (N = 2230) and a clinical cohort (N = 543), both of which were followed from about age 11 years onwards. To date, the population cohort has been assessed five times over a period of 11 years, with retention rates ranging between 80% and 96%. The clinical cohort has been assessed four times over a period of 8 years, with retention rates ranging between 77% and 85%. Since the IJE published a cohort profile on the TRAILS in 2008, the participants have matured from adolescents into young adults. The focus shifted from parents and school to entry into the labour market and family formation, including offspring. Furthermore, psychiatric diagnostic interviews were administered, the database was linked to a Psychiatric Case Registry, and the availability of genome-wide SNP variations opened the door to genome-wide association studies regarding a wide range of (endo)phenotypes. With some delay, TRAILS data are available to researchers outside the TRAILS consortium without costs; access can be obtained by submitting a publication proposal (see www.trails.nl).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Gm Rosmalen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Hoek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Raven
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Am Vollebergh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|