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Bruer GG, Creutzenberg O, Janssen P, Krueger N, Nolde J, Ramazanoglu M, Schaudien D, Schuster TB, Stintz M, Warfving N, Wessely B, Weber K. Enhanced study design for acute inhalation studies with hydrophobic surface-treated particles to determine toxicological effects including suffocation. Toxicol Lett 2024:S0378-4274(24)00054-7. [PMID: 38518988 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
High concentrations of low-density particles may cause effects in acute inhalation toxicity studies which can be easily underestimated or misinterpreted following strictly the OECD TG 436, i.e., limited parameters as mortality and gross lesions will be evaluated only. Seven particle types (synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) HMDZ-SAS, silica gel, pyrogenic SAS, and precipitated SAS, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide pyrogenic alumina, organic red pigment) were chosen at the highest technically feasible concentration of approximately 500 mg/m3 for acute inhalation studies with an expanded endpoint setup. Therefore additional parameters and a thorough histopathological evaluation of an extensive set of organs, including the respiratory tract emphasizing the nasal cavities were added. Six Crl:WI rats per study were exposed for four hours from which three animals were sacrificed after 24 hours and three animals after 14 days. HMDZ-SAS caused early death in all animals due to blockage of the nasal passages caused by its hydrophobicity. For all other Si-containing compounds, histology revealed minor inflammatory and reactive lesions in lungs after 24 hours that were still present after 14 days, except in silica gel-treated animals. After 14 days, for pyrogenic SAS, precipitated SAS, and pyrogenic alumina, granulomas formed in the BALT and lung-associated lymph nodes. In contrast, the calcium carbonate induced almost no findings, and the red pigment (also tested for the additional dose of 1000 mg/m3) stuck partially to the nasal mucosa without causing pathological damage and partly entered the lungs without showing any adverse effects. The results of the present study highlight the advantage of improving the rather simple study design of acute inhalation studies by implementing an extended study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Gerd Bruer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fraunhofer ITEM), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fraunhofer ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Paula Janssen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fraunhofer ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Krueger
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Smart Materials, Hanau, Germany
| | | | - Mehmet Ramazanoglu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fraunhofer ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fraunhofer ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Stintz
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Research Group Mechanical Process Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Benno Wessely
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Research Group Mechanical Process Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
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Alqahtani S, Xia L, Jannasch A, Ferreira C, Franco J, Shannahan JH. Disruption of pulmonary resolution mediators contribute to exacerbated silver nanoparticle-induced acute inflammation in a metabolic syndrome mouse model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115730. [PMID: 34601004 PMCID: PMC8545917 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing conditions modulate sensitivity to numerous xenobiotic exposures such as air pollution. Specifically, individuals suffering from metabolic syndrome (MetS) demonstrate enhanced acute inflammatory responses following particulate matter inhalation. The mechanisms associated with these exacerbated inflammatory responses are unknown, impairing interventional strategies and our understanding of susceptible populations. We hypothesize MetS-associated lipid dysregulation influences mediators of inflammatory resolution signaling contributing to increased acute pulmonary toxicity. To evaluate this hypothesis, healthy and MetS mouse models were treated with either 18-hydroxy eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), 14-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA), 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), or saline (control) via intraperitoneal injection prior to oropharyngeal aspiration of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In mice receiving saline treatment, AgNP exposure resulted in an acute pulmonary inflammatory response that was exacerbated in MetS mice. A targeted lipid assessment demonstrated 18-HEPE, 14-HDHA, and 17-HDHA treatments altered lung levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). 14-HDHA and 17-HDHA treatments more efficiently reduced the exacerbated acute inflammatory response in AgNP exposed MetS mice as compared to 18-HEPE. This included decreased neutrophilic influx, diminished induction of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and reduced alterations in SPMs. Examination of SPM receptors determined baseline reductions in MetS mice compared to healthy as well as decreases due to AgNP exposure. Overall, these results demonstrate AgNP exposure disrupts inflammatory resolution, specifically 14-HDHA and 17-HDHA derived SPMs, in MetS contributing to exacerbated acute inflammatory responses. Our findings identify a potential mechanism responsible for enhanced susceptibility in MetS that can be targeted for interventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; National Center for Pharmaceuticals, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Xia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amber Jannasch
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christina Ferreira
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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Alqahtani S, Kobos LM, Xia L, Ferreira C, Franco J, Du X, Shannahan JH. Exacerbation of Nanoparticle-Induced Acute Pulmonary Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:818. [PMID: 32457752 PMCID: PMC7221136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the capacity to revolutionize numerous fields and processes, however, exposure-induced health effects are of concern. The majority of nanoparticle (NP) safety evaluations have been performed utilizing healthy models and have demonstrated the potential for pulmonary toxicity. A growing proportion of individuals suffer diseases that may enhance their susceptibility to exposures. Specifically, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent and is a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. MetS is a combination of conditions which includes dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Due to the role of lipids in inflammatory signaling, we hypothesize that MetS-associated dyslipidemia may modulate NP-induced immune responses. To examine this hypothesis, mice were fed either a control diet or a high-fat western diet (HFWD) for 14-weeks. A subset of mice were treated with atorvastatin for the final 7-weeks to modulate lipids. Mice were exposed to silver NPs (AgNPs) via oropharyngeal aspiration and acute toxicity endpoints were evaluated 24-h post-exposure. Mice on the HFWD demonstrated MetS-associated alterations such as increased body weight and cholesterol compared to control-diet mice. Cytometry analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) demonstrated exacerbation of AgNP-induced neutrophilic influx in MetS mice compared to healthy. Additionally, enhanced proinflammatory mRNA expression and protein levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and interleukin-6 were observed in MetS mice compared to healthy following exposure. AgNP exposure reduced mRNA expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, such as arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase in both mouse models. Exposure to AgNPs decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in MetS mice. An exploratory lipidomic profiling approach was utilized to screen lipid mediators involved in pulmonary inflammation. This assessment indicates the potential for reduced levels of lipids mediators of inflammatory resolution (LMIR) in the MetS model compared to healthy mice following AgNP exposure. Statin treatment inhibited enhanced inflammatory responses as well as alterations in LMIR observed in the MetS model due to AgNP exposure. Taken together our data suggests that MetS exacerbates the acute toxicity induced by AgNPs exposure possibly via a disruption of LMIR leading to enhanced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,National Center for Pharmaceuticals, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa M Kobos
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Li Xia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christina Ferreira
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xuqin Du
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Examining the in vivo pulmonary toxicity of engineered metal oxide nanomaterials using a genetic algorithm-based dose-response-recovery clustering model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2019.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Detampel P, Ganguly A, Tehranian S, Green F, Singha S, Santamaria P, Jeje AA, Cho CS, Petri B, Amrein MW. In vivo clearance of nanoparticles by transcytosis across alveolar epithelial cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223339. [PMID: 31568513 PMCID: PMC6768543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles in polluted air or aerosolized drug nanoparticles predominantly settle in the alveolar lung. Here, we describe a novel, highly effective pathway for the particles to cross the alveolar epithelium and reach the lymph and bloodstream. Amorphous silica nanoparticles, suspended in perfluorocarbon, were instilled into the lungs of mice for intravital microscopy. Particles formed agglomerates that settled on the alveolar wall, half of which were removed from the lung within 30 minutes. TEM histology showed agglomerates in stages of crossing the alveolar epithelium, in large compartments inside the epithelial cells and crossing the basal membrane into the interstitium. This pathway is consistent with published kinetic studies in rats and mice, using a host of (negatively) charged and polar nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Detampel
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MWA); (AG)
| | - Sara Tehranian
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Francis Green
- Department Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Santiswarup Singha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- The Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- The Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ayodeji A. Jeje
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Clifford S. Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Björn Petri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- The Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthias W. Amrein
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- * E-mail: (MWA); (AG)
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Airway exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles and quartz and effects on sperm counts and testosterone levels in male mice. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 90:134-140. [PMID: 31449912 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) have been shown to adversely affect male reproduction in rodent studies, but the airway route of exposure has been little investigated. This precludes adequate risk assessment of ENP exposure in occupational settings. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) have been shown to affect total sperm count in adult male mice after intravenous and oral administration. This study aimed to investigate whether also airway exposure would affect sperm counts in male mice. Mature C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with 63 μg of rutile nanosized TiO2, once weekly for seven weeks. Respirable α-quartz (SRM1878a) was included at a similar dose level as a positive control for pulmonary inflammation. BALF cell composition showed neutrophil granulocyte influx as indication of pulmonary inflammation in animals exposed to TiO2 NP and α-quartz, but none of the particle exposures affected weight of testes or the epididymis, sperm counts or plasma testosterone when assessed at termination of the study.
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Molina RM, Konduru NV, Queiroz PM, Figueroa B, Fu D, Ma-Hock L, Groeters S, Schaudien D, Brain JD. Fate of Barium Sulfate Nanoparticles Deposited in the Lungs of Rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8163. [PMID: 31160608 PMCID: PMC6546789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that barium [from BaSO4 nanoparticles (NPs)] was cleared from the lungs faster than other poorly soluble NPs and translocated mostly to bone. We now studied barium biokinetics in rats during Study 1: two-year inhalation exposure to 50 mg/m3 BaSO4 NP aerosols, and Study 2: single intratracheal (IT) instillation of increasing doses of BaSO4 NPs or BaCl2. Study 1 showed that lung barium content measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry increased during 360 days of BaSO4 NP aerosol exposures. An equilibrium was established from that time until 2 years. Barium concentrations in BaSO4-exposed animals were in the order (lungs > lymph nodes > hard bone > bone marrow > liver). In Study 2, there was an increase in lung barium post-IT instillation of BaSO4 NPs while barium from BaCl2 was mostly cleared by day 28. Transmission electron microscopy showed intact BaSO4 NPs in alveolar macrophages and type II epithelial cells, and in tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, specific BaSO4 Raman spectra were detected in BaSO4 NP-instilled lungs and not in other organs. Thus, we posit that barium from BaSO4 NPs translocates from the lungs mainly after dissolution. Barium ions are then incorporated mostly into the bone and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M Molina
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Nagarjun V Konduru
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Priscila M Queiroz
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 36 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 36 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Shu F, Shi Y. Systematic Overview of Solid Particles and Their Host Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1157. [PMID: 29892295 PMCID: PMC5985299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline/particulate substances trigger a plethora of signaling events in host cells. The most prominent consequence is the inflammatory reactions that underlie crystal arthropathies, such as gout and pseudogout. However, their impact on our health was underestimated. Recent work on the role of cholesterol crystal in the development of atherosclerosis and the harm of environmental particulates has set up new frontiers in our defense against their detrimental effects. On the other hand, in the last 100 years, crystalline/particulate substances have been used with increasing frequencies in our daily lives as a part of new industrial manufacturing and engineering. Importantly, they have become a tool in modern medicine, used as vaccine adjuvants and drug delivery vehicles. Their biological effects are also being dissected in great detail, particularly with regard to their inflammatory signaling pathways. Solid structure interaction with host cells is far from being uniform, with outcomes dependent on cell types and chemical/physical properties of the particles involved. In this review, we offer a systematic and broad outlook of this landscape and a sage analysis of the complex nature of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Paul E, Franco-Montoya ML, Paineau E, Angeletti B, Vibhushan S, Ridoux A, Tiendrebeogo A, Salome M, Hesse B, Vantelon D, Rose J, Canouï-Poitrine F, Boczkowski J, Lanone S, Delacourt C, Pairon JC. Pulmonary exposure to metallic nanomaterials during pregnancy irreversibly impairs lung development of the offspring. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:484-495. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1311381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Paul
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Marie-Laure Franco-Montoya
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Erwan Paineau
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Bernard Angeletti
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université-CNRS-IRD-Collège de France, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Shamila Vibhushan
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Audrey Ridoux
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Tiendrebeogo
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Bernhard Hesse
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jérôme Rose
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université-CNRS-IRD-Collège de France, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Florence Canouï-Poitrine
- DHU A-TVB, IMRB, EA 7376 CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology And Ageing Unit), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
- Public Health Department, AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Claude Pairon
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, DHU A-TVB, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Institut Santé-Travail Paris-Est, Créteil, France
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Wiemann M, Vennemann A, Sauer UG, Wiench K, Ma-Hock L, Landsiedel R. An in vitro alveolar macrophage assay for predicting the short-term inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:16. [PMID: 26944705 PMCID: PMC4779246 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most in vitro studies investigating nanomaterial pulmonary toxicity poorly correlate to in vivo inhalation studies. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play an outstanding role during inhalation exposure since they effectively clear the alveoli from particles. This study addresses the applicability of an in vitro alveolar macrophage assay to distinguish biologically active from passive nanomaterials. METHODS Rat NR8383 alveolar macrophages were exposed to 18 inorganic nanomaterials, covering AlOOH, BaSO4, CeO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, and ZnO NMs, amorphous SiO2 and graphite nanoplatelets, and two nanosized organic pigments. ZrO2 and amorphous SiO2 were tested without and with surface functionalization. Non-nanosized quartz DQ12 and corundum were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The test materials were incubated with the cells in protein-free culture medium. Lactate dehydrogenase, glucuronidase, and tumour necrosis factor alpha were assessed after 16 h. In parallel, H2O2 was assessed after 1.5 h. Using the no-observed-adverse-effect concentrations (NOAECs) from available rat short-term inhalation studies (STIS), the test materials were categorized as active (NOAEC < 10 mg/m(3)) or passive. RESULTS In vitro data reflected the STIS categorization if a particle surface area-based threshold of <6000 mm(2)/mL was used to determine the biological relevance of the lowest observed significant in vitro effects. Significant effects that were recorded above this threshold were assessed as resulting from test material-unspecific cellular 'overload'. Test materials were assessed as active if ≥2 of the 4 in vitro parameters undercut this threshold. They were assessed as passive if 0 or 1 parameter was altered. An overall assay accuracy of 95 % was achieved. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro NR8383 alveolar macrophage assay allows distinguishing active from passive nanomaterials. Thereby, it allows determining whether in vivo short-term inhalation testing is necessary for hazard assessment. Results may also be used to group nanomaterials by biological activity. Further work should aim at validating the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiemann
- IBR R&D gGmbH Institute for Lung Health, Mendelstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Antje Vennemann
- IBR R&D gGmbH Institute for Lung Health, Mendelstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ursula G Sauer
- Scientific Consultancy - Animal Welfare, Hallstattfeld 16, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany.
| | - Karin Wiench
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, GB/TB - Z470, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, GB/TB - Z470, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, GB/TB - Z470, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Babin K, Goncalves D, Girard D. Nanoparticles enhance the ability of human neutrophils to exert phagocytosis by a Syk-dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2276-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Husain M, Wu D, Saber AT, Decan N, Jacobsen NR, Williams A, Yauk CL, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Intratracheally instilled titanium dioxide nanoparticles translocate to heart and liver and activate complement cascade in the heart of C57BL/6 mice. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:1013-22. [PMID: 25993494 PMCID: PMC4743610 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.996192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 1% or less of nanoparticles (NPs) deposited in the lungs translocate to systemic circulation and enter other organs; however, this estimation may not be accurate given the low sensitivity of existing in vivo NP detection methods. Moreover, the biological effects of such low levels of translocation are unclear. We employed a nano-scale hyperspectral microscope to spatially observe and spectrally profile NPs in tissues and blood following pulmonary deposition in mice. In addition, we characterized effects occurring in blood, liver and heart at the mRNA and protein level following translocation from the lungs. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 18 or 162 µg of industrially relevant titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) alongside vehicle controls. Using the nano-scale hyperspectral microscope, translocation to heart and liver was confirmed at both doses, and to blood at the highest dose, in mice analyzed 24 h post-exposure. Global gene expression profiling and ELISA analysis revealed activation of complement cascade and inflammatory processes in heart and specific activation of complement factor 3 in blood, suggesting activation of an early innate immune response essential for particle opsonisation and clearance. The liver showed a subtle response with changes in the expression of genes associated with acute phase response. This study characterizes the subtle systemic effects that occur in liver and heart tissues following pulmonary exposure and low levels of translocation of nano-TiO2 from lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Husain
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada,
Ottawa,
Ontario,
Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada,
Ottawa,
Ontario,
Canada
| | - Anne T. Saber
- The Danish NanoSafety Centre, National Research Centre for the Working Environment,
Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Nathalie Decan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada,
Ottawa,
Ontario,
Canada
| | - Nicklas R. Jacobsen
- The Danish NanoSafety Centre, National Research Centre for the Working Environment,
Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Andrew Williams
- The Danish NanoSafety Centre, National Research Centre for the Working Environment,
Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada,
Ottawa,
Ontario,
Canada
| | - Hakan Wallin
- The Danish NanoSafety Centre, National Research Centre for the Working Environment,
Copenhagen,
Denmark
- Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The Danish NanoSafety Centre, National Research Centre for the Working Environment,
Copenhagen,
Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark,
Kgs, Lyngby,
Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada,
Ottawa,
Ontario,
Canada
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13
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Lu X, Ji C, Jin T, Fan X. The effects of size and surface modification of amorphous silica particles on biodistribution and liver metabolism in mice. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:175101. [PMID: 25837432 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/17/175101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles, with unconventional properties, are promising platforms for biomedical applications. Since they may interact with a wide variety of biomolecules, it is critical to understand the impact of the physicochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles on biological systems. In this study, the effects of particle size and surface modification alone or in combination of amorphous silica particles (SPs) on biological responses were determined using a suite of general toxicological assessments and metabonomics analysis in mice model. Our results suggested that amino or carboxyl surface modification mitigated the liver toxicity of plain-surface SPs. 30 nm SPs with amino surface modification were found to be the most toxic SPs among all the surface-modified SP treatments at the same dosage. When treatment dose was increased, submicro-sized SPs with amino or carboxyl surface modification also induced liver toxicity. Biodistribution studies suggested that 70 nm SPs were mainly accumulated in liver and spleen regardless of surface modifications. Interestingly, these two organs exhibited different uptake trends. Furthermore, metabonomics studies indicated that surface modification plays a more dominant role to affect the liver metabolism than particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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14
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Halappanavar S, Saber AT, Decan N, Jensen KA, Wu D, Jacobsen NR, Guo C, Rogowski J, Koponen IK, Levin M, Madsen AM, Atluri R, Snitka V, Birkedal RK, Rickerby D, Williams A, Wallin H, Yauk CL, Vogel U. Transcriptional profiling identifies physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that are determinants of the in vivo pulmonary response. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:245-64. [PMID: 25504612 DOI: 10.1002/em.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We applied transcriptional profiling to elucidate the mechanisms associated with pulmonary responses to titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes and surface coatings, and to determine if these responses are modified by NP size, surface area, surface modification, and embedding in paint matrices. Adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed via single intratracheal instillations to free forms of TiO2 NPs (10, 20.6, or 38 nm in diameter) with different surface coatings, or TiO2 NPs embedded in paint matrices. Controls were exposed to dispersion medium devoid of NPs. TiO2 NPs were characterized for size, surface area, chemical impurities, and agglomeration state in the exposure medium. Pulmonary transcriptional profiles were generated using microarrays from tissues collected one and 28 d postexposure. Property-specific pathway effects were identified. Pulmonary protein levels of specific inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were confirmed by ELISA. The data were collapsed to 659 differentially expressed genes (P ≤ 0.05; fold change ≥ 1.5). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of these genes revealed that TiO2 NPs clustered mainly by postexposure timepoint followed by particle type. A pathway-based meta-analysis showed that the combination of smaller size, large deposited surface area, and surface amidation contributes to TiO2 NP gene expression response. Embedding of TiO2 NP in paint dampens the overall transcriptional effects. The magnitude of the expression changes associated with pulmonary inflammation differed across all particles; however, the underlying pathway perturbations leading to inflammation were similar, suggesting a generalized mechanism-of-action for all TiO2 NPs. Thus, transcriptional profiling is an effective tool to determine the property-specific biological/toxicity responses induced by nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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15
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Braakhuis HM, Cassee FR, Fokkens PH, de la Fonteyne LJ, Oomen AG, Krystek P, de Jong WH, van Loveren H, Park MV. Identification of the appropriate dose metric for pulmonary inflammation of silver nanoparticles in an inhalation toxicity study. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:63-73. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1012184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Hartmann NB, Jensen KA, Baun A, Rasmussen K, Rauscher H, Tantra R, Cupi D, Gilliland D, Pianella F, Riego Sintes JM. Techniques and Protocols for Dispersing Nanoparticle Powders in Aqueous Media-Is there a Rationale for Harmonization? JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2015; 18:299-326. [PMID: 26397955 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2015.1074969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Selecting appropriate ways of bringing engineered nanoparticles (ENP) into aqueous dispersion is a main obstacle for testing, and thus for understanding and evaluating, their potential adverse effects to the environment and human health. Using different methods to prepare (stock) dispersions of the same ENP may be a source of variation in the toxicity measured. Harmonization and standardization of dispersion methods applied in mammalian and ecotoxicity testing are needed to ensure a comparable data quality and to minimize test artifacts produced by modifications of ENP during the dispersion preparation process. Such harmonization and standardization will also enhance comparability among tests, labs, and studies on different types of ENP. The scope of this review was to critically discuss the essential parameters in dispersion protocols for ENP. The parameters are identified from individual scientific studies and from consensus reached in larger scale research projects and international organizations. A step-wise approach is proposed to develop tailored dispersion protocols for ecotoxicological and mammalian toxicological testing of ENP. The recommendations of this analysis may serve as a guide to researchers, companies, and regulators when selecting, developing, and evaluating the appropriateness of dispersion methods applied in mammalian and ecotoxicity testing. However, additional experimentation is needed to further document the protocol parameters and investigate to what extent different stock dispersion methods affect ecotoxicological and mammalian toxicological responses of ENP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna B Hartmann
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
- b European Commission-Joint Research Centre , Ispra , Italy
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- c National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Oe , Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | | | | | - Ratna Tantra
- d National Physical Laboratory , Teddington , Middlesex , United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Cupi
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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17
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Particle size dependent deposition and pulmonary inflammation after short-term inhalation of silver nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:49. [PMID: 25227272 PMCID: PMC4410796 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although silver nanoparticles are currently used in more than 400 consumer products, it is not clear to what extent they induce adverse effects after inhalation during production and use. In this study, we determined the lung burden, tissue distribution, and the induction and recovery of adverse effects after short-term inhalation exposure to 15 nm and 410 nm silver nanoparticles. Methods Rats were nose-only exposed to clean air, 15 nm silver nanoparticles (179 μg/m3) or 410 nm silver particles (167 μg/m3) 6 hours per day, for four consecutive days. Tissue distribution and the induction of pulmonary toxicity were determined at 24 hours and 7 days after exposure and compared with the internal alveolar dose. Presence of silver nanoparticles in lung cells was visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Exposure to 15 nm silver nanoparticles induced moderate pulmonary toxicity compared to the controls, indicated by a 175-fold increased influx of neutrophils in the lungs, a doubling of cellular damage markers in the lungs, a 5-fold increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a 1.5-fold increase in total glutathione at 24 hours after exposure. All the observed effects disappeared at 7 days after exposure. No effects were observed after exposure to 410 nm silver particles. The internal alveolar mass dose of the 15 nm nanoparticles was 3.5 times higher compared to the 410 nm particles, which equals to a 66,000 times higher particle number. TEM analysis revealed 15 nm nanoparticles in vesicles and nuclei of lung cells, which were decreased in size to <5 nm at 24 hours after exposure. This demonstrates substantial dissolution of the silver nanoparticles. Conclusion The results show a clear size-dependent effect after inhalation of similar mass concentrations of 15 nm and 410 nm silver (nano)particles. This can be partially explained by the difference in the internal alveolar dose between the 15 nm and 410 nm silver (nano)particles as well as by a difference in the release rate of silver ions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0049-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Morimoto Y, Izumi H, Kuroda E. Significance of persistent inflammation in respiratory disorders induced by nanoparticles. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:962871. [PMID: 25097864 PMCID: PMC4109676 DOI: 10.1155/2014/962871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation, especially persistent inflammation, has been found to play a key role in respiratory disorders induced by nanoparticles in animal models. In inhalation studies and instillation studies of nanomaterials, persistent inflammation is composed of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, and its pathogenesis is related to chemokines such as the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) family and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and oxidant stress-related genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). DNA damages occur chemically or physically by nanomaterials. Chemical and physical damage are associated with point mutation by free radicals and double strand brake, respectively. The failure of DNA repair and accumulation of mutations might occur when inflammation is prolonged, and finally normal cells could become malignant. These free radicals can not only damage cells but also induce signaling molecules containing immunoreaction. Nanoparticles and asbestos also induce the production of free radicals. In allergic responses, nanoparticles act as Th2 adjuvants to activate Th2 immune responses such as activation of eosinophil and induction of IgE. Taken together, the presence of persistent inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases induced by nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
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19
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Braakhuis HM, Park MVDZ, Gosens I, De Jong WH, Cassee FR. Physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials that affect pulmonary inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:18. [PMID: 24725891 PMCID: PMC3996135 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing manufacture and use of products based on nanotechnology raises concerns for both workers and consumers. Various studies report induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation exposure to nanoparticles, which can vary in aspects such as size, shape, charge, crystallinity, chemical composition, and dissolution rate. Each of these aspects can affect their toxicity, although it is largely unknown to what extent. The aim of the current review is to analyse published data on inhalation of nanoparticles to identify and evaluate the contribution of their physicochemical characteristics to the onset and development of pulmonary inflammation. Many physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles affect their lung deposition, clearance, and pulmonary response that, in combination, ultimately determine whether pulmonary inflammation will occur and to what extent. Lung deposition is mainly determined by the physical properties of the aerosol (size, density, shape, hygroscopicity) in relation to airflow and the anatomy of the respiratory system, whereas clearance and translocation of nanoparticles are mainly determined by their geometry and surface characteristics. Besides size and chemical composition, other physicochemical characteristics influence the induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation. As some nanoparticles dissolve, they can release toxic ions that can damage the lung tissue, making dissolution rate an important characteristic that affects lung inflammation. Fibre-shaped materials are more toxic to the lungs compared to spherical shaped nanoparticles of the same chemical composition. In general, cationic nanoparticles are more cytotoxic than neutral or anionic nanoparticles. Finally, surface reactivity correlates well with observed pulmonary inflammation. With all these characteristics affecting different stages of the events leading to pulmonary inflammation, no unifying dose metric could be identified to describe pulmonary inflammation for all nanomaterials, although surface reactivity might be a useful measure. To determine the extent to which the various characteristics influence the induction of pulmonary inflammation, the effect of these characteristics on lung deposition, clearance, and pulmonary response should be systematically evaluated. The results can then be used to facilitate risk assessment by categorizing nanoparticles according to their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig M Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet VDZ Park
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Gosens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H De Jong
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
- Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.163, Utrecht 3508TD, The Netherlands
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20
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Baisch BL, Corson NM, Wade-Mercer P, Gelein R, Kennell AJ, Oberdörster G, Elder A. Equivalent titanium dioxide nanoparticle deposition by intratracheal instillation and whole body inhalation: the effect of dose rate on acute respiratory tract inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:5. [PMID: 24456852 PMCID: PMC3905288 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased production of nanomaterials has caused a corresponding increase in concern about human exposures in consumer and occupational settings. Studies in rodents have evaluated dose–response relationships following respiratory tract (RT) delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) in order to identify potential hazards. However, these studies often use bolus methods that deliver NPs at high dose rates that do not reflect real world exposures and do not measure the actual deposited dose of NPs. We hypothesize that the delivered dose rate is a key determinant of the inflammatory response in the RT when the deposited dose is constant. Methods F-344 rats were exposed to the same deposited doses of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs by single or repeated high dose rate intratracheal instillation or low dose rate whole body aerosol inhalation. Controls were exposed to saline or filtered air. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, biochemical parameters and inflammatory mediator release were quantified 4, 8, and 24 hr and 7 days after exposure. Results Although the initial lung burdens of TiO2 were the same between the two methods, instillation resulted in greater short term retention than inhalation. There was a statistically significant increase in BALF neutrophils at 4, 8 and 24 hr after the single high dose TiO2 instillation compared to saline controls and to TiO2 inhalation, whereas TiO2 inhalation resulted in a modest, yet significant, increase in BALF neutrophils 24 hr after exposure. The acute inflammatory response following instillation was driven primarily by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, mainly within the lung. Increases in heme oxygenase-1 in the lung were also higher following instillation than inhalation. TiO2 inhalation resulted in few time dependent changes in the inflammatory mediator release. The single low dose and repeated exposure scenarios had similar BALF cellular and mediator response trends, although the responses for single exposures were more robust. Conclusions High dose rate NP delivery elicits significantly greater inflammation compared to low dose rate delivery. Although high dose rate methods can be used for quantitative ranking of NP hazards, these data caution against their use for quantitative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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21
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ZnO nanoparticles induce TNF-α expression via ROS-ERK-Egr-1 pathway in human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Mohamud R, Xiang SD, Selomulya C, Rolland JM, O’Hehir RE, Hardy CL, Plebanski M. The effects of engineered nanoparticles on pulmonary immune homeostasis. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 46:176-90. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.859688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Poirier M, Simard JC, Antoine F, Girard D. Interaction between silver nanoparticles of 20 nm (AgNP20) and human neutrophils: induction of apoptosis and inhibition ofde novoprotein synthesis by AgNP20aggregates. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:404-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Poirier
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes; Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval QC Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Simard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes; Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval QC Canada
| | - Francis Antoine
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes; Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval QC Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes; Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval QC Canada
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Gonçalves DM, Girard D. Evidence That Polyhydroxylated C60 Fullerenes (Fullerenols) Amplify the Effect of Lipopolysaccharides to Induce Rapid Leukocyte Infiltration in Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1884-92. [DOI: 10.1021/tx4002622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Gonçalves
- Laboratoire
de Recherche
en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - D. Girard
- Laboratoire
de Recherche
en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7
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25
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Mossman BT, Glenn RE. Bioreactivity of the crystalline silica polymorphs, quartz and cristobalite, and implications for occupational exposure limits (OELs). Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:632-60. [PMID: 23863112 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.818617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silica or silicon dioxides (SiO₂) are naturally occurring substances that comprise the vast majority of the earth's crust. Because of their prevalence and commercial applications, they have been widely studied for their potential to induce pulmonary fibrosis and other disorders. Historically, the focus in the workplace has been on the development of inflammation and fibrotic lung disease, the basis for promulgating workplace standards to protect workers. Crystalline silica (CS) polymorphs, predominantly quartz and cristobalite, are used in industry but are different in their mineralogy, chemistry, surface features, size dimensions and association with other elements naturally and during industrial applications. Epidemiologic, clinical and experimental studies in the literature historically have predominantly focused on quartz polymorphs. Thus, in this review, we summarize past scientific evaluations and recent peer-reviewed literature with an emphasis on cristobalite, in an attempt to determine whether quartz and cristobalite polymorphs differ in their health effects, toxicity and other properties that may dictate the need for various standards of protection in the workplace. In addition to current epidemiological and clinical reports, we review in vivo studies in rodents as well as cell culture studies that shed light on mechanisms intrinsic to the toxicity, altered cell responses and protective or defense mechanisms in response to these minerals. The medical and scientific literature indicates that the mechanisms of injury and potential causation of inflammation and fibrotic lung disease are similar for quartz and cristobalite. Our analysis of these data suggests similar occupational exposure limits (OELs) for these minerals in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T Mossman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA.
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26
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Babin K, Antoine F, Goncalves DM, Girard D. TiO2, CeO2 and ZnO nanoparticles and modulation of the degranulation process in human neutrophils. Toxicol Lett 2013; 221:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Long H, Yang G, Wang Z. Galvanotactic migration of EA.Hy926 endothelial cells in a novel designed electric field bioreactor. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 61:481-91. [PMID: 21748241 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous direct current electric fields (dcEFs) play a significant role in major biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. In this study, the galvanotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cell line EA.Hy926 was investigated by using a novel designed bioreactor. The physical features of the bioreactor were discussed and analyzed by both numerical simulation method and equivalent circuit model method. EA.Hy926 cells were cultured in the bioreactor for 10-24 h under 50-250 mV/mm dcEFs. Cell migration direction, distance, and velocity were recorded under an online time-lapse microscope. The effects of serum and growth factor on cell galvanotatic migration were investigated. To further explore the role of dcEFs in regulating endothelial cells, we analyzed the endothelial cell proliferation and secretion of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) in response to dcEFs of physiological strength. Our results showed that EA.Hy926 cells had an obvious directional migration to the cathode, and the EF-directed migration was voltage dependent. The results also showed dcEFs did not affect cell proliferation, but affected the productions of NO and ET-1. Our study also showed the novel bioreactor, with a compact and planar style, makes it more convenient and more reasonable for EF stimulation experiments than earlier chamber designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Long
- School of West China Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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28
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Goncalves DM, de Liz R, Girard D. Activation of neutrophils by nanoparticles. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1877-85. [PMID: 22125444 PMCID: PMC3217611 DOI: 10.1100/2011/768350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased in the past few years in various fields, including defence, aerospace, electronics, biology, medicine, and so forth. and in applications such as diagnostic technology, bioimaging, and drug/gene delivery. Thus, human exposure to NPs and nanomaterials is unavoidable and will certainly expand in the future resulting in a growing interest in nanotoxicology, the study of toxicity of nanomaterials. A number of studies have reported the effects of NPs in respect to pulmonary inflammation by investigating in vitro activation of pulmonary cells with NPs and in vivo in a variety of models in which neutrophils appear to be the predominant leukocyte cell type in lungs and in bronchoalveolar lavages following inhalation or intratracheal instillation of NPs. Despite the fact that several studies have reported an increased number of neutrophils, the literature dealing with the direct activation of neutrophils by a given NP is poorly documented. This paper will summarize the current literature in this latter area of research and will end with a perspective view in which our laboratory will be involved in the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Goncalves
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
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29
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Inhaled therapies for tuberculosis and the relevance of activation of lung macrophages by particulate drug-delivery systems. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:753-68. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) induce ‘alternative activation’ of lung macrophages that they colonize, in order to create conditions that promote the establishment and progression of infection. There is some evidence to indicate that such macrophages may be rescued from alternative activation by inhalable microparticles containing a variety of drugs. This review summarizes the experience of various groups of researchers, relating to observations of induction of a number of classical macrophage activation pathways. Restoration of a ‘respiratory burst’ and upregulation of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen intermediates through the phagocyte oxidase and nitric oxide synthetase enzyme systems; induction of proinflammatory macrophage cytokines; and finally induction of apoptosis rather than necrosis of the infected macrophage are discussed. It is suggested that there is scope to co-opt host responses in the management of tuberculosis, through the route of pulmonary drug delivery.
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