1
|
Shen H, Gao Y, Ge D, Tan M, Yin Q, Wei TYW, He F, Lee TY, Li Z, Chen Y, Yang Q, Liu Z, Li X, Chen Z, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Thistlethwaite PA, Wang J, Malhotra A, Yuan JXJ, Shyy JYJ, Gong K. BRCC3 Regulation of ALK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Implication in Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2024; 150:132-150. [PMID: 38557054 PMCID: PMC11230848 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance of antiproliferative BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling and proliferative TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling is implicated in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The posttranslational modification (eg, phosphorylation and ubiquitination) of TGF-β family receptors, including BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor)/ALK2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2) and TGF-βR2/R1, and receptor-regulated Smads significantly affects their activity and thus regulates the target cell fate. BRCC3 modifies the activity and stability of its substrate proteins through K63-dependent deubiquitination. By modulating the posttranslational modifications of the BMP/TGF-β-PPARγ pathway, BRCC3 may play a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling, hence the pathogenesis of PAH. METHODS Bioinformatic analyses were used to explore the mechanism by which BRCC3 deubiquitinates ALK2. Cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), mouse models, and specimens from patients with idiopathic PAH were used to investigate the rebalance between BMP and TGF-β signaling in regulating ALK2 phosphorylation and ubiquitination in the context of pulmonary hypertension. RESULTS BRCC3 was significantly downregulated in PASMCs from patients with PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension. BRCC3, by de-ubiquitinating ALK2 at Lys-472 and Lys-475, activated receptor-regulated Smad1/5/9, which resulted in transcriptional activation of BMP-regulated PPARγ, p53, and Id1. Overexpression of BRCC3 also attenuated TGF-β signaling by downregulating TGF-β expression and inhibiting phosphorylation of Smad3. Experiments in vitro indicated that overexpression of BRCC3 or the de-ubiquitin-mimetic ALK2-K472/475R attenuated PASMC proliferation and migration and enhanced PASMC apoptosis. In SM22α-BRCC3-Tg mice, pulmonary hypertension was ameliorated because of activation of the ALK2-Smad1/5-PPARγ axis in PASMCs. In contrast, Brcc3-/- mice showed increased susceptibility of experimental pulmonary hypertension because of inhibition of the ALK2-Smad1/5 signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a pivotal role of BRCC3 in sustaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis by maintaining the integrity of the BMP signaling (ie, the ALK2-Smad1/5-PPARγ axis) while suppressing TGF-β signaling in PASMCs. Such rebalance of BMP/TGF-β pathways is translationally important for PAH alleviation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Activin Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Activin Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/genetics
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitination
- Vascular Remodeling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Dedong Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Meng Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Division of Cardiology (T.-Y.W.W., J.Y.-J.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Fangzhou He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (F.H.)
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China (T.-Y.L., Z.L.)
| | - Zhongyan Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China (T.-Y.L., Z.L.)
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (Y.C., Q. Yang, J.W.)
| | - Qifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (Y.C., Q. Yang, J.W.)
| | - Zhangyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Zhengang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery (P.A.T.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (Y.C., Q. Yang, J.W.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, China (J.W.)
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (J.X.-J.Y.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiology (T.-Y.W.W., J.Y.-J.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kaizheng Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou Key Lab of Innovation Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease, China (H.S., Y.G., D.G., M.T., Q. Yin, Z.L., X.L., Z.C., Y.Y., Z.Z., K.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fukumitsu M, Kawada T, Nishikawa T, Yokota S, Matsushita H, Morita H, Sato K, Yoshida Y, Uemura K, Saku K. Effects of nitric oxide inhalation on pulmonary arterial impedance: differences between normal and pulmonary hypertension male rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H000. [PMID: 38819383 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00108.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) inhalation improves pulmonary hemodynamics in participants with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although it can reduce pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in PAH, its impact on the dynamic mechanics of pulmonary arteries and its potential difference between control and participants with PAH remain unclear. PA impedance provides a comprehensive description of PA mechanics. With an arterial model, PA impedance can be parameterized into peripheral pulmonary resistance (Rp), arterial compliance (Cp), characteristic impedance of the proximal arteries (Zc), and transmission time from the main PA to the reflection site. This study investigated the effects of inhaled NO on PA impedance and its associated parameters in control and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (MCT-PAH) male rats (6/group). Measurements were obtained at baseline and during NO inhalation at 40 and 80 ppm. In both groups, NO inhalation decreased PVR and increased the left atrial pressure. Notably, its impact on PA impedance was frequency dependent, as revealed by reduced PA impedance modulus in the low-frequency range below 10 Hz, with little effect on the high-frequency range. Furthermore, NO inhalation attenuated Rp, increased Cp, and prolonged transmission time without affecting Zc. It reduced Rp more pronouncedly in MCT-PAH rats, whereas it increased Cp and delayed transmission time more effectively in control rats. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of inhaled NO on PA impedance were frequency dependent and may differ between the control and MCT-PAH groups, suggesting that the effect on the mechanics differs depending on the pathological state.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nitric oxide inhalation decreased pulmonary arterial impedance in the low-frequency range (<10 Hz) with little impact on the high-frequency range. It reduced peripheral pulmonary resistance more pronouncedly in pulmonary hypertension rats, whereas it increased arterial compliance and transmission time in control rats. Its effect on the mechanics of the pulmonary arteries may differ depending on the pathological status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Fukumitsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishikawa
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Uemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- NTTR-NCVC Bio Digital Twin Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- NTTR-NCVC Bio Digital Twin Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Katz MG, Hadas Y, Shtraizent N, Ravvin S, Madjarov JM, Eliyahu E. Unilateral Lung Removal in Combination with Monocrotaline or SU5416 in Rodents: A Reliable Model to Mimic the Pathology of the Human Pulmonary Hypertension. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:173-185. [PMID: 38676893 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the development of concentric laminar intimal fibrosis with plexiform lesions. While rodent models have been developed to study PH, they have certain deficiencies and do not entirely replicate the human disease due to the heterogeneity of PH pathology. Therefore, combined models are necessary to study PH. Recent studies have shown that altered pulmonary blood flow is a significant trigger in the development of vascular remodeling and neointimal lesions. One of the most promising rodent models for increased pulmonary flow is the combination of unilateral left pneumonectomy with a "second hit" of monocrotaline (MCT) or SU5416. The removal of one lung in this model forces blood to circulate only in the other lung and induces increased and turbulent pulmonary blood flow. This increased vascular flow leads to progressive remodeling and occlusion of small pulmonary arteries. The second hit by MCT or SU5416 leads to endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting in severe PH and the development of plexiform arteriopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yoav Hadas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shana Ravvin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeko M Madjarov
- Atrium Health Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Efrat Eliyahu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu D, Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Dasgupta A, Al-Qazazi R, Chen KH, Martin A, Mewburn JD, Alizadeh E, Lima PDA, Jones O, Colpman P, Breault NM, Emon IM, Jedlovčnik L, Zhao YY, Wells M, Sutendra G, Archer SL. Efficacy of Drpitor1a, a Dynamin-Related Protein 1 inhibitor, in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572836. [PMID: 38187628 PMCID: PMC10769396 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Rationale Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a large GTPase, mediates mitochondrial fission. Increased Drp1-mediated fission permits accelerated mitosis, contributing to hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), which characterizes pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We developed a Drp1 inhibitor, Drpitor1a, and tested its ability to regress PAH. Objectives Assess Drpitor1a's efficacy and toxicity in: a)normal and PAH human PASMC (hPASMC); b)normal rats versus rats with established monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Methods Drpitor1a's effects on recombinant and endogenous Drp1-GTPase activity, mitochondrial fission, and cell proliferation were studied in hPASMCs (normal=3; PAH=5). Drpitor1a's pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations were measured (n=3 rats/sex). In a pilot study (n=3-4/sex/dose), Drpitor1a (1mg/kg/48-hours, intravenous) reduced adverse PA remodeling only in females. Consequently, we compared Drpitor1a to vehicle in normal (n=6 versus 8) and MCT-PAH (n=9 and 11) females, respectively. Drpitor1a treatment began 17-days post-MCT with echocardiography and cardiac catheterization performed 28-29 days post-MCT. Results Drpitor1a inhibited recombinant and endogenous Drp1 GTPase activity, which was increased in PAH hPASMC. Drpitor1a inhibited mitochondrial fission and proliferation and induced apoptosis, in PAH hPASMC but not normal hPASMC. Drpitor1a tissue levels were higher in female versus male RVs. In MCT-PAH females, Drpitor1a regressed PA obstruction, lowered pulmonary vascular resistance, and improved RV function, without hematologic, renal, or hepatic toxicity. Conclusions Drpitor1a inhibits Drp1 GTPase, reduces mitochondrial fission, and inhibits cell proliferation in PAH hPASMC. Drpitor1a caused no toxicity in MCT-PAH and had no significant effect on normal rats or hPASMCs. Drpitor1a is a potential PAH therapeutic which displays an interesting therapeutic sexual dimorphism.
Collapse
|
5
|
Khassafi F, Chelladurai P, Valasarajan C, Nayakanti SR, Martineau S, Sommer N, Yokokawa T, Boucherat O, Kamal A, Kiely DG, Swift AJ, Alabed S, Omura J, Breuils-Bonnet S, Kuenne C, Potus F, Günther S, Savai R, Seeger W, Looso M, Lawrie A, Zaugg JB, Tello K, Provencher S, Bonnet S, Pullamsetti SS. Transcriptional profiling unveils molecular subgroups of adaptive and maladaptive right ventricular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:917-936. [PMID: 39196250 PMCID: PMC11358157 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) function is critical to prognosis in all forms of pulmonary hypertension. Here we perform molecular phenotyping of RV remodeling by transcriptome analysis of RV tissue obtained from 40 individuals, and two animal models of RV dysfunction of both sexes. Our unsupervised clustering analysis identified 'early' and 'late' subgroups within compensated and decompensated states, characterized by the expression of distinct signaling pathways, while fatty acid metabolism and estrogen response appeared to underlie sex-specific differences in RV adaptation. The circulating levels of several extracellular matrix proteins deregulated in decompensated RV subgroups were assessed in two independent cohorts of individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension, revealing that NID1, C1QTNF1 and CRTAC1 predicted the development of a maladaptive RV state, as defined by magnetic resonance imaging parameters, and were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Our study provides a resource for subphenotyping RV states, identifying state-specific biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets for RV dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khassafi
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Prakash Chelladurai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chanil Valasarajan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Martineau
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tetsuro Yokokawa
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aryan Kamal
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew J Swift
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samer Alabed
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Sheffield, UK
| | - Junichi Omura
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Francois Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Allan Lawrie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khodr Tello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Long GM, Coggan AR, Brown MB. Reply to Schulze and Musch. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R227. [PMID: 37467442 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Marshall Long
- Kinesiology, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Mary Beth Brown
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hilton LR, Rätsep MT, VandenBroek MM, Jafri S, Laverty KJ, Mitchell M, Theilmann AL, Smart JA, Hawke LG, Moore SD, Renaud SJ, Soares MJ, Morrell NW, Ormiston ML. Impaired Interleukin-15 Signaling via BMPR2 Loss Drives Natural Killer Cell Deficiency and Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2022; 79:2493-2504. [PMID: 36043416 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cell impairment is a feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and contributes to vascular remodeling in animal models of disease. Although mutations in BMPR2, the gene encoding the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) type-II receptor, are strongly associated with PAH, the contribution of BMPR2 loss to NK cell impairment remains unknown. We explored the impairment of IL (interleukin)-15 signaling, a central mediator of NK cell homeostasis, as both a downstream target of BMPR2 loss and a contributor to the pathogenesis of PAH. METHODS The expression, trafficking, and secretion of IL-15 and IL-15Rα (interleukin 15 α-type receptor) were assessed in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, with or without BMPR2 silencing. NK cell development and IL-15/IL-15Rα levels were quantified in mice bearing a heterozygous knock-in of the R899X-BMPR2 mutation (bmpr2+/R899X). NK-deficient Il15-/- rats were exposed to the Sugen/hypoxia and monocrotaline models of PAH to assess the impact of impaired IL-15 signaling on disease severity. RESULTS BMPR2 loss reduced IL-15Rα surface presentation and secretion in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells via impaired trafficking through the trans-Golgi network. bmpr2+/R899X mice exhibited a decrease in NK cells, which was not attributable to impaired hematopoietic development but was instead associated with reduced IL-15/IL-15Rα levels in these animals. Il15-/- rats of both sexes exhibited enhanced disease severity in the Sugen/hypoxia model, with only male Il15-/- rats developing more severe PAH in response to monocrotaline. CONCLUSIONS This work identifies the loss of IL-15 signaling as a novel BMPR2-dependent contributor to NK cell impairment and pulmonary vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rhiannon Hilton
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - Matthew T Rätsep
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - M Martin VandenBroek
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - Salema Jafri
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.J., S.D.M., N.W.M.)
| | - Kimberly J Laverty
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - Melissa Mitchell
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - Anne L Theilmann
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - James A Smart
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - Lindsey G Hawke
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| | - Stephen D Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.J., S.D.M., N.W.M.)
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Canada (S.J.R.)
| | - Michael J Soares
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (M.J.S.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.J., S.D.M., N.W.M.)
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (L.B.H., M.T.R., M.M.V., K.J.L., M.M., A.L.T., J.A.S., L.G.H., M.L.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Long GM, Troutman AD, Gray DA, Fisher AJ, Lahm T, Coggan AR, Brown MB. Skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise is reduced in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R561-R570. [PMID: 36036455 PMCID: PMC9602702 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00327.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by exercise intolerance. Muscle blood flow may be reduced during exercise in PAH; however, this has not been directly measured. Therefore, we investigated blood flow during exercise in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (∼200 g) were injected with 60 mg/kg MCT (MCT, n = 23) and vehicle control (saline; CON, n = 16). Maximal rate of oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) and voluntary running were measured before PH induction. Right ventricle (RV) morphology and function were assessed via echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic measures. Treadmill running at 50% V̇o2max was performed by a subgroup of rats (MCT, n = 8; CON, n = 7). Injection of fluorescent microspheres determined muscle blood flow via photo spectroscopy. MCT demonstrated a severe phenotype via RV hypertrophy (Fulton index, 0.61 vs. 0.31; P < 0.001), high RV systolic pressure (51.5 vs. 22.4 mmHg; P < 0.001), and lower V̇o2max (53.2 vs. 71.8 mL·min-1·kg-1; P < 0.0001) compared with CON. Two-way ANOVA revealed exercising skeletal muscle blood flow relative to power output was reduced in MCT compared with CON (P < 0.001), and plasma lactate was increased in MCT (10.8 vs. 4.5 mmol/L; P = 0.002). Significant relationships between skeletal blood flow and blood lactate during exercise were observed for individual muscles (r = -0.58 to -0.74; P < 0.05). No differences in capillarization were identified. Skeletal muscle blood flow is significantly reduced in experimental PH. Reduced blood flow during exercise may be, at least in part, consequent to reduced exercise intensity in PH. This adds further evidence of peripheral muscle dysfunction and exercise intolerance in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Marshall Long
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ashley D Troutman
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Derrick A Gray
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Amanda J Fisher
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tim Lahm
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mary Beth Brown
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Holder ER, Alibhai FJ, Caudle SL, McDermott JC, Tobin SW. The importance of biological sex in cardiac cachexia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H609-H627. [PMID: 35960634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00187.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia is a catabolic muscle wasting syndrome observed in approximately 1 in 10 heart failure patients. Increased skeletal muscle atrophy leads to frailty and limits mobility which impacts quality of life, exacerbates clinical care, and is associated with higher rates of mortality. Heart failure is known to exhibit a wide range of prevalence and severity when examined across individuals of different ages and with co-morbidities related to diabetes, renal failure and pulmonary dysfunction. It is also recognized that men and women exhibit striking differences in the pathophysiology of heart failure as well as skeletal muscle homeostasis. Given that both skeletal muscle and heart failure physiology are in-part sex dependent, the diagnosis and treatment of cachexia in heart failure patients may depend on a comprehensive examination of how these organs interact. In this review we explore the potential for sex-specific differences in cardiac cachexia. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of clinical methods used to measure muscle mass and function and provide alternative measurements that should be considered in preclinical studies. Additionally, we summarize sex-dependent effects on muscle wasting in preclinical models of heart failure, disuse, and cancer. Lastly, we discuss the endocrine function of the heart and outline unanswered questions that could directly impact patient care.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bazan IS, Kim SJ, Ardito TA, Zhang Y, Shan P, Sauler M, Lee PJ. Sex differences and altered mitophagy in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L761-L769. [PMID: 35137625 PMCID: PMC9076415 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00019.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating condition characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressures and remodeling of pulmonary arteries, leading to right heart failure. Women have a higher prevalence of PH, whereas men have more severe disease and poorer outcomes. Animal models also show female-predominant disease. Despite the known sex differences in PH, little is known about how pathogenesis differs between the sexes. There is growing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as altered mitophagy in PH. We hypothesized that sexual dimorphism contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitophagy in PH. Using mouse lung endothelial cells, we exposed both wild-type and Parkin-/- cells to hypoxia and measured the effects on mitochondrial function and mitophagy-associated proteins. Our results show that females have more Parkin expression at baseline as well as increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity when exposed to oxidative stress. Inhibition of Parkin increased metabolic activity but reduced cell proliferation but to different degrees depending on sex, with results differing by sex. Our findings demonstrate sexual dimorphism in mitophagy-associated proteins and in mitochondrial respiration, which may help shed light on how the pathogenesis of PH may differ between the sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel S Bazan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - So-Jin Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Taylor A Ardito
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peiying Shan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patty J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chaudhary KR, Deng Y, Yang A, Cober ND, Stewart DJ. Penetrance of Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Blockade in a Genetically Prone Rat Model Is Reduced by Female Sex. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019488. [PMID: 34315227 PMCID: PMC8475703 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background We have previously reported important strain differences in response to SU5416 (SU, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor) in rats and have identified a specific colony of Sprague-Dawley rats that are hyperresponsive (SDHR) to SU alone and develop severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with a single injection of SU, even in the absence of hypoxia. Interestingly, SDHR rats exhibit incomplete penetrance of the severe PAH phenotype with an "all-or-none" response to SU alone, which provides a unique opportunity to assess the influence of female sex and sex hormones on susceptibility to PAH after endothelial injury in a genetically prone model. Methods and Results SDHR rats were injected with SU (20 mg/kg SC) and, in the absence of hypoxia, 72% of male but only 27% of female rats developed severe PAH at 7 weeks, which was associated with persistent endothelial cell apoptosis. This sex difference in susceptibility for severe PAH was abolished by ovariectomy. Estradiol replacement, beginning 2 days before SU (prevention), inhibited lung endothelial cell apoptosis and completely abrogated severe PAH phenotype in both male and ovariectomized female rats, while progesterone was only protective in ovariectomized female rats. In contrast, delayed treatment of SDHR rats with established PAH with estradiol or progesterone (initiated at 4 weeks post-SU) failed to reduce lung endothelial cell apoptosis or improve PAH phenotype. Conclusions Female sex hormones markedly reduced susceptibility for the severe PAH phenotype in response to SU alone in a hyperresponsive rat strain by abolishing SU-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, but did not reverse severe PAH in established disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketul R. Chaudhary
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsFaculty of MedicineDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Yupu Deng
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteONCanada
| | - Anli Yang
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteONCanada
| | - Nicholas D. Cober
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteONCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaONCanada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteONCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaONCanada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang A, Kandhi S, Sun D. Roles of Genetic Predisposition in the Sex Bias of Pulmonary Pathophysiology, as a Function of Estrogens : Sex Matters in the Prevalence of Lung Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:107-127. [PMID: 33788190 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to studies focused on estrogen mediation of sex-different regulation of systemic circulations, there is now increasing clinical relevance and research interests in the pulmonary circulation, in terms of sex differences in the morbidity and mortality of lung diseases such as inherent-, allergic- and inflammatory-based events. Thus, female predisposition to pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is an inevitable topic. To better understand the nature of sexual differentiation in the pulmonary circulation, and how heritable factors, in vivo- and/or in vitro-altered estrogen circumstances and changes in the live environment work in concert to discern the sex bias, this chapter reviews pulmonary events characterized by sex-different features, concomitant with exploration of how alterations of genetic expression and estrogen metabolisms trigger the female-predominant pathological signaling. We address the following: PAH (Sect.7.2) is characterized as an estrogenic promotion of its incidence (Sect. 7.2.2), as a function of specific germline mutations, and as an estrogen-elicited protection of its prognosis (Sect.7.2.1). More detail is provided to introduce a less recognized gene of Ephx2 that encodes soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to degrade epoxyeicosatrienic acids (EETs). As a susceptible target of estrogen, Ephx2/sEH expression is downregulated by an estrogen-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Increases in pulmonary EETs then evoke a potentiation of PAH generation, but mitigation of its progression, a phenomenon similar to the estrogen-paradox regulation of PAH. Additionally, the female susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Sect. 7.3) and asthma (Sect.7.4), but less preference to COVID-19 (Sect. 7.5), and roles of estrogen in their pathogeneses are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
| | - Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang C, Luo Y, Li S, Huang B, Xu S, Li L. Characteristics of inflammation process in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111081. [PMID: 33378977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing evidence demonstrates that inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, blocking inflammation has only been shown to be of minor clinical benefit due to a lack of understanding of the precise inflammation present in PAH. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate characteristics of inflammatory process in PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of MCT (50 mg/kg, ip), and the occurrence of PAH and inflammation biomarkers were measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 days after MCT injection. RESULTS From the 6th day after the injection of MCT, the mean pulmonary artery pressure gradually increased and doubled on the 30th day, accompanied by right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary arterial remodeling in a time-dependent manner. In the first 6 days after MCT treatment, only pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β increased, which was defined as acute inflammatory phase, after that, both pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory factors Arg1, IL-10, TGF-β increased, which was defined as chronic inflammatory phase. The M1/M2 macrophage ratios in lung and alveolar lavage fluid were elevated on the 6th and 30th day, moreover, which were higher on the 6th than 30th day, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway increased along with the progression of PAH and correlated with pro-inflammatory proteins, which revealed also to some extent the characteristics of inflammation of PAH induced by MCT. CONCLUSION The course of PAH induced by MCT injection is progressive with persistent inflammation, which is defined as acute inflammatory phase within 6 days after MCT treatment, after that, is defined as chronic inflammatory phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Yunmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Shangfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Lisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sánchez-Gloria JL, Osorio-Alonso H, Arellano-Buendía AS, Carbó R, Hernández-Díazcouder A, Guzmán-Martín CA, Rubio-Gayosso I, Sánchez-Muñoz F. Nutraceuticals in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4827. [PMID: 32650586 PMCID: PMC7402298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by the loss and obstructive remodeling of the pulmonary arterial wall, causing a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which is responsible for right heart failure, functional decline, and death. Although many drugs are available for the treatment of this condition, it continues to be life-threatening, and its long-term treatment is expensive. On the other hand, many natural compounds present in food have beneficial effects on several cardiovascular conditions. Several studies have explored many of the potential beneficial effects of natural plant products on PAH. However, the mechanisms by which natural products, such as nutraceuticals, exert protective and therapeutic effects on PAH are not fully understood. In this review, we analyze the current knowledge on nutraceuticals and their potential use in the protection and treatment of PAH, as well as whether nutraceuticals could enhance the effects of drugs used in PAH through similar mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Sánchez-Gloria
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (H.O.-A.); (A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Abraham S. Arellano-Buendía
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (H.O.-A.); (A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán-Martín
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ivan Rubio-Gayosso
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neupane B, Sydykov A, Pradhan K, Vroom C, Herden C, Karnati S, Ghofrani HA, Avdeev S, Ergün S, Schermuly RT, Kosanovic D. Influence of gender in monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension in obese rats and mice. Respir Res 2020; 21:136. [PMID: 32493503 PMCID: PMC7268383 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and pulmonary hypertension (PH) share common characteristics, such as augmented inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the exact role of obesity in the pathology of PH is largely uninvestigated. Therefore, we have hypothesized that in the context of obesity the gender difference may have influence on development of PH in animal models of this disease. METHODS Animal experiments were conducted in monocrotaline (MCT) and chronic hypoxia (HOX) models of PH. Lean and obese Zucker rats or B6 mice of both genders were used for MCT or HOX models, respectively. Echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, histology and immuno-histochemistry were performed to analyze various parameters, such as right ventricular function and hypertrophy, hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling and lung inflammation. RESULTS Both lean and obese male and female Zucker rats developed PH after a single MCT injection. However, negligible differences were seen between lean and obese male rats in terms of PH severity at the end stage of disease. Conversely, a more prominent and severe PH was observed in obese female rats compared to their lean counterparts. In contrast, HOX induced PH in lean and obese, male and female mice did not show any apparent differences. CONCLUSION Gender influences PH severity in obese MCT-injected rats. It is also an important factor associated with altered inflammation. However, further research is necessary to investigate and reveal the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balram Neupane
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Medizinischen Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kabita Pradhan
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Medizinischen Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Vroom
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Agarwal S, Sharma H, Chen L, Dhillon NK. NADPH oxidase-mediated endothelial injury in HIV- and opioid-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1097-L1108. [PMID: 32233792 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00480.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the combined exposure of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) to morphine and viral protein(s) results in the oxidative stress-mediated induction of autophagy, leading to shift in the cells from early apoptotic to apoptosis-resistant proliferative status associated with the angioproliferative remodeling observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study, we tried to delineate the major source of HIV-1 protein Tat and morphine induced oxidative burst in HPMECs and its consequences on vascular remodeling and PAH in an in vivo model. We observed switch from the initial increased expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 in response to acute treatment of morphine and HIV-Tat to later increased expression of NOX4 on chronic treatment in the endoplasmic reticulum of HPMECs without any alterations in the mitochondria. Furthermore, NOX-dependent induction of autophagy was observed to play a pivotal role in regulating the endothelial cell survival. Our in vivo findings showed significant increase in pulmonary vascular remodeling, right ventricular systolic pressure, and Fulton index in HIV-transgenic rats on chronic administration of morphine. This was associated with increased oxidative stress in lung tissues and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Additionally, endothelial cells from morphine-treated HIV-transgenic rats demonstrated increased expression of NOX2 and NOX4 proteins, inhibition of which ameliorated their increased survival upon serum starvation. In conclusion, this study describes NADPH oxidases as one of the main players in the oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction on the dual hit of HIV-viral protein(s) and opioids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lampron MC, Vitry G, Nadeau V, Grobs Y, Paradis R, Samson N, Tremblay È, Boucherat O, Meloche J, Bonnet S, Provencher S, Potus F, Paulin R. PIM1 (Moloney Murine Leukemia Provirus Integration Site) Inhibition Decreases the Nonhomologous End-Joining DNA Damage Repair Signaling Pathway in Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:783-801. [PMID: 31969012 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PAs). It is now established that this phenotype is associated with enhanced PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. This phenotype is sustained in part by the activation of several DNA repair pathways allowing PASMCs to survive despite the unfavorable environmental conditions. PIM1 (Moloney murine leukemia provirus integration site) is an oncoprotein upregulated in PAH and involved in many prosurvival pathways, including DNA repair. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the implication of PIM1 in the DNA damage response and the beneficial effect of its inhibition by pharmacological inhibitors in human PAH-PASMCs and in rat PAH models. Approach and Results: We found in vitro that PIM1 inhibition by either SGI-1776, TP-3654, siRNA (silencer RNA) decreased the phosphorylation of its newly identified direct target KU70 (lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70) resulting in the inhibition of double-strand break repair (Comet Assay) by the nonhomologous end-joining as well as reduction of PAH-PASMCs proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) and resistance to apoptosis (Annexin V positive cells) of PAH-PASMCs. In vivo, SGI-1776 and TP-3654 given 3× a week, improved significantly pulmonary hemodynamics (right heart catheterization) and vascular remodeling (Elastica van Gieson) in monocrotaline and Fawn-Hooded rat models of PAH. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that PIM1 phosphorylates KU70 and initiates DNA repair signaling in PAH-PASMCs and that PIM1 inhibitors represent a therapeutic option for patients with PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Lampron
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Géraldine Vitry
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Valérie Nadeau
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Yann Grobs
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Renée Paradis
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Nolwenn Samson
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Ève Tremblay
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada (J.M.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - François Potus
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Roxane Paulin
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Malikova E, Carlström M, Kmecova Z, Marusakova M, Zsigmondova B, Krenek P, Klimas J, Henrohn D. Effects of inorganic nitrate in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:99-109. [PMID: 31429204 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway represents an alternative source of NO generation, which is independent of NO synthase and potentiated by hypoxia. Augmentation of this pathway by dietary nitrate has proven favourable effects in several cardiovascular disease models. However, less is known regarding its potential value in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of oral inorganic nitrate administration in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Male 12-week-old Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg). Nitrate treatment (0.3 or 1 mmol/kg/d; drinking water) commenced on day 12 following the MCT injection and continued for 16 days. Nitrate administration did not attenuate right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, increased lung weight and up-regulated mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide. Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels were significantly increased as well as lung nitrate level, whereas nitrite lung level was decreased following nitrate treatment (1 mmol/kg/d). MCT-induced PAH resulted in an increased MnSOD protein level, which was not observed following nitrate treatment. MCT-associated up-regulation of nNOS in the lung appeared to be dose-dependently prevented by nitrate treatment. Western blot analysis did not reveal any differences in eNOS, iNOS, XO or gp91phox expression in the lungs among the groups. In conclusion, nitrate treatment did not significantly attenuate pathological RV and lung remodelling in the rat MCT model of PAH. The suppression of MnSOD and nNOS expression by nitrate could be interpreted as reduced demand of endogenous antioxidant defence in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Malikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Kmecova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Margareta Marusakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Bianka Zsigmondova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dan Henrohn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lachant DJ, Meoli DF, Haight D, Staicu S, Akers S, Glickman S, Ambrosini R, Champion HC, White RJ. Combination therapy improves vascular volume in female rats with pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L445-L455. [PMID: 31322432 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00450.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a female predominant disease in which progressive vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction result in right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Most PAH patients utilize multiple therapies. In contrast, the majority of preclinical therapeutic studies are performed in male rats with a single novel drug often markedly reversing disease in the model. We sought to differentiate single drug therapy from combination therapy in female rats with severe disease. One week after left pneumonectomy, we induced PH in young female Sprague-Dawley rats with an injection of monocrotaline (45 mg/kg). Female rats were then randomized to receive combination therapy (ambrisentan plus tadalafil), ambrisentan monotherapy, tadalafil monotherapy, or vehicle. We measured RV size and function on two serial echocardiograms during the development of disease. We measured RV systolic pressure (RVSP) invasively at day 28 after monocrotaline before analyzing the vascular volume with microcomputed tomography (microCT) of the right middle lobe. RVSP was significantly lower in female rats treated with combination therapy, and combination therapy resulted in increased small vessel volume density measured by microCT compared with untreated rats. Combination-treated rats had the smallest RV end-diastolic diameter on echocardiogram as compared with the other groups. In summary, we report a female model of pulmonary hypertension that can distinguish between one and two drug therapies; this model may facilitate better preclinical drug testing for novel compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lachant
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - David F Meoli
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Deborah Haight
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Serban Staicu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Shanti Akers
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Samuel Glickman
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Robert Ambrosini
- Department of Radiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - R James White
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Understanding the Similarities and Differences between Hepatic and Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1159-1175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
21
|
Bourgeois A, Bonnet S, Breuils-Bonnet S, Habbout K, Paradis R, Tremblay E, Lampron MC, Orcholski ME, Potus F, Bertero T, Peterlini T, Chan SY, Norris KA, Paulin R, Provencher S, Boucherat O. Inhibition of CHK 1 (Checkpoint Kinase 1) Elicits Therapeutic Effects in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1667-1681. [PMID: 31092016 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease associated with progressive vascular remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries leading to elevation of pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and death. Although presenting high levels of DNA damage that normally jeopardize their viability, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from patients with PAH exhibit a cancer-like proproliferative and apoptosis-resistant phenotype accounting for vascular lumen obliteration. In cancer cells, overexpression of the serine/threonine-protein kinase CHK1 (checkpoint kinase 1) is exploited to counteract the excess of DNA damage insults they are exposed to. This study aimed to determine whether PAH-PASMCs have developed an orchestrated response mediated by CHK1 to overcome DNA damage, allowing cell survival and proliferation. Approach and Results: We demonstrated that CHK1 expression is markedly increased in isolated PASMCs and distal PAs from patients with PAH compared with controls, as well as in multiple complementary animal models recapitulating the disease, including monocrotaline rats and the simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. Using a pharmacological and molecular loss of function approach, we showed that CHK1 promotes PAH-PASMCs proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. In addition, we found that inhibition of CHK1 induces downregulation of the DNA repair protein RAD 51 and severe DNA damage. In vivo, we provided evidence that pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 significantly reduces vascular remodeling and improves hemodynamic parameters in 2 experimental rat models of PAH. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that CHK1 exerts a proproliferative function in PAH-PASMCs by mitigating DNA damage and suggest that CHK1 inhibition may, therefore, represent an attractive therapeutic option for patients with PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bourgeois
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.).,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada (S.P., O.B., S.B.)
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Karima Habbout
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Renée Paradis
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Eve Tremblay
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Marie-Claude Lampron
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Mark E Orcholski
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Francois Potus
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Thomas Bertero
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice (IRCAN), University Côte d'Azur, France (T.B.)
| | - Thibaut Peterlini
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (S.Y.C.)
| | - Karen A Norris
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens (K.A.N.)
| | - Roxane Paulin
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.).,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada (S.P., O.B., S.B.)
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.).,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada (S.P., O.B., S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang A, Sun D. Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of EET Synthesis and Metabolism: Roles of Estrogen. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1222. [PMID: 30420806 PMCID: PMC6215857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid via cytochrome P450 (CYP)/epoxygenase and are hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Circulating and tissue levels of EETs are controlled by CYP (EET synthesis) and sEH (EET degradation). Therefore, both increases in CYP activity and decreases in sEH expression potentiate EET bioavailability, responses that prevail in the female sex as a function of estrogen. This mini review, based on subtitles listed, briefly summarizes studies focusing specifically on (1) female-specific potentiation of CYP/epoxygenase activity to compensate for the endothelial dysfunction; and (2) estrogen-dependent downregulation of sEH expression, which yields divergent actions in both systemic and pulmonary circulation, respectively. Estrogen-Potentiating EET Synthesis in Response to Endothelial Dysfunction: This section summarizes the current understanding regarding the roles of estrogen in facilitating EET synthesis in response to endothelial dysfunction. In this regard, estrogen recruitment of EET-driven signaling serves as a back-up mechanism, which compensates for NO deficiency to preserve endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses and maintain normal blood pressure. Estrogen-Dependent Downregulation of Ephx2/sEH Expression: This section focuses on molecular mechanisms responsible for the female-specific downregulation of sEH expression. Roles of EETs in Systemic Circulation, as a Function of Estrogen-Dependent Downregulation of sEH: This section summarizes studies conducted on animals that are either deficient in the Ephx2 gene (sEH-KO) or have been treated with sEH inhibitors (sEHIs), and exhibit EET-mediated cardiovascular protections in the cerebral, coronary, skeletal, and splanchnic circulations. In particular, the estrogen-inherent silencing of the Ephx2 gene duplicates the action of sEH deficiency, yielding comparable adaptations in attenuated myogenic vasoconstriction, enhanced shear stress-induced vasodilation, and improved cardiac contractility among female WT mice, male sEH-KO and sEHI-treated mice. Roles of Estrogen-Driven EET Production in Pulmonary Circulation: This section reviews epidemiological and clinical studies that provide the correlation between the polymorphism, or mutation of gene(s) involving estrogen metabolism and female predisposition to pulmonary hypertension, and specifically addresses an intrinsic causation between the estrogen-dependent downregulation of Ephx2 gene/sEH expression and female-susceptibility of being pulmonary hypertensive, a topic that has never been explored before. Additionally, the issue of the “estrogen paradox” in the incidence and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beneficial Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) against Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5020034. [PMID: 29673152 PMCID: PMC6023537 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The study was designed to explore any beneficial effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) (OS) in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats. OS is commonly known as “holy basil” and “Tulsi” and is used in the Indian System of Medicine as antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, adaptogenic, and cardioprotective. Methods: Monocrotaline (MCT) administration caused development of PH in rats after 28 days and rats were observed for 42 days. Treatments (sildenafil; 175 µg/kg, OS; 200 mg/kg) were started from day 29 after the development of PH and continued for 14 days. Parameters to assess the disease development and effectiveness of interventions were echocardiography, right and left ventricular systolic pressures, and right ventricular end diastolic pressure, percentage medial wall thickness (%MWT) of pulmonary artery, oxidative stress markers in lung tissue, NADPH oxidase (Nox-1) protein expression in lung, and mRNA expression of Bcl2 and Bax in right ventricular tissue. Results: OS (200 mg/kg) treatment ameliorated increased lung weight to body weight ratio, right ventricular hypertrophy, increased RVSP, and RVoTD/AoD ratio. Moreover, OS treatment decreases Nox-1 expression and increases expression of Bcl2/Bax ratio caused by MCT. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that OS has therapeutic ability against MCT-induced PH in rat which are attributed to its antioxidant effect. The effect of OS was comparable with sildenafil.
Collapse
|
24
|
Siqueira R, Colombo R, Conzatti A, de Castro AL, Carraro CC, Tavares AMV, Fernandes TRG, Araujo ASDR, Belló-Klein A. Effects of ovariectomy on antioxidant defence systems in the right ventricle of female rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by monocrotaline. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:295-303. [PMID: 28854338 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ovariectomy on oxidative stress in the right ventricle (RV) of female rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT). Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group): sham (S), sham + MCT (SM), ovariectomized (O), and ovariectomized + MCT (OM). MCT (60 mg·kg-1 i.p.) was injected 1 week after ovariectomy or sham surgery. Three weeks later, echocardiographic analysis and RV catheterisation were performed. RV morphometric, biochemical, and protein expression analysis through Western blotting were done. MCT promoted a slight increase in pulmonary artery pressure, without differences between the SM and OM groups, but did not induce RV hypertrophy. RV hydrogen peroxide increased in the MCT groups, but SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were also enhanced. Non-classical antioxidant defenses diminished in ovariectomized groups, probably due to a decrease in the nuclear factor Nrf2. Hemoxygenase-1 and thioredoxin-1 protein expression was increased in the OM group compared with SM, being accompanied by an elevation in the estrogen receptor β (ER-β). Hemoxygenase-1 and thioredoxin-1 may be involved in the modulation of oxidative stress in the OM group, and this could be responsible for attenuation of PAH and RV remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Siqueira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Colombo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Conzatti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luz de Castro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Campos Carraro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Gattelli Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cuce G, Canbaz HT, Sozen ME, Yerlikaya FH, Kalkan S. Vitamin E and selenium treatment of monocrotaline induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:59-67. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1267798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Cuce
- Departments of Histology and Embryology
| | - HT Canbaz
- Departments of Histology and Embryology
| | - ME Sozen
- Departments of Histology and Embryology
| | - FH Yerlikaya
- Biochemistry, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - S Kalkan
- Departments of Histology and Embryology
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meghwani H, Prabhakar P, Mohammed SA, Seth S, Hote MP, Banerjee SK, Arava S, Ray R, Maulik SK. Beneficial effects of aqueous extract of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.), An ayurvedic drug in experimental pulmonary hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:184-194. [PMID: 27401289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) is widely used in Ayurveda in various cardiovascular diseases. Many animal and clinical studies have validated its anti-ischemic, antihypertensive, antihypertrophic and antioxidant effects. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease which causes right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure. Pulmonary vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy and increased oxidative stress are major pathological features of PH. As available limited therapeutic options fail to reduce the mortality associated with PH, alternative areas of therapy are worth exploring for potential drugs, which might be beneficial in PH. AIM OF THE STUDY The effect of a standardised aqueous extract of the stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) in preventing monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH in rat was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committe. Male Wistar rats (150-200g) were randomly distributed into five groups; Control, MCT (50mg/kg subcutaneously once), sildenafil (175µg/kg/day three days after MCT for 25 days), and Arjuna extract (TA125 and TA250 mg/kg/day orally after MCT for 25 days). PH was confirmed by right ventricular weight to left ventricular plus septum weight (Fulton index), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), echocardiography, percentage medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteries (%MWT). Oxidative stress in lung was assessed by super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The protein expressions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX-1) in lung and gene expression of Bcl2 and Bax in heart were analyzed by Western blot and RT PCR respectively. RESULTS MCT caused right ventricular hypertrophy (0.58±0.05 vs 0.31±0.05; P<0.001 vs. control) and increase in RVSP (33.5±1.5 vs 22.3±4.7mm of Hg; P<0.001). Both sildenafil and Arjuna prevented hypertrophy and RVSP. Pulmonary artery acceleration time to ejection time ratio in echocardiography was decreased in PH rats (0.49±0.05 vs 0.32±0.06; P<0.001) which was prevented by sildenafil (0.44±0.06; P<0.01) and TA250 (0.45±0.06; P<0.01). % MWT of pulmonary arteries was increased in PH and was prevented by TA250. Increase in TBARS (132.7±18.4 vs 18.8±1.6nmol/mg protein; P<0.001) and decrease in SOD (58.4±14.1 vs 117.4±26.9U/mg protein; P<0.001) and catalase (0.30±0.05 vs 0.75±0.31U/mg protein; P<0.001) were observed in lung tissue of PH rats, which were prevented by sildenafil and both the doses of Arjuna extract. Protein expression of NOX1 was significantly increased in lung and gene expression of Bcl2/Bax ratio was significantly decreased in right ventricle in MCT-induced PH, both were significantly prevented by Arjuna and sildenafil. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna prevented MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension which may be attributed to its antioxidant as well as its effects on pulmonary arteriolar wall thickening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Meghwani
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Soheb A Mohammed
- Drug Discovery Research Center (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sandeep Seth
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Milind P Hote
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Drug Discovery Research Center (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subir Kumar Maulik
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Protsenko YL, Balakin AA, Kuznetsov DA, Kursanov AG, Lisin RV, Mukhlynina EA, Lookin ON. Contractility of Right Ventricular Myocardium in Male and Female Rats during Physiological and Pathological Hypertrophy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 162:303-305. [PMID: 28091901 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the morphogenesis and adaptation of the mechanisms controlling myocardium contractility during physiological and pathological hypertrophy of the right ventricle were demonstrated in mature rats. The study revealed sex-dependent effects of physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy on the coefficient of variation of the cardiomyocyte diameter, length-dependent control of the contractile force, and the maximum velocity of isotonic shortening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu L Protsenko
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A A Balakin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - D A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A G Kursanov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,B. N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - R V Lisin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - E A Mukhlynina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,B. N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - O N Lookin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,B. N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Effects of neonatal inflammation on the inflammatory and oxidative profile during experimental sepsis in adult life. Physiol Behav 2015; 151:516-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
29
|
Lookin O, Balakin A, Kuznetsov D, Protsenko Y. The length-dependent activation of contraction is equally impaired in impuberal male and female rats in monocrotaline-induced right ventricular failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:1198-206. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lookin
- Laboratory of Biological Motility; Institute of Immunology and Physiology; Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Balakin
- Laboratory of Biological Motility; Institute of Immunology and Physiology; Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Daniil Kuznetsov
- Laboratory of Biological Motility; Institute of Immunology and Physiology; Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Protsenko
- Laboratory of Biological Motility; Institute of Immunology and Physiology; Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lookin O, Kuznetsov D, Protsenko Y. Sex differences in stretch-dependent effects on tension and Ca(2+) transient of rat trabeculae in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:89-98. [PMID: 25359385 PMCID: PMC10718032 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aim to compare the effects of stretch on isometric tension/Ca(2+) transient in the right ventricular trabeculae of control (CONT) and hypertensive (MCT, monocrotaline application) adult male and female rats. The treatment with MCT resulted in RV hypertrophy in males only. Blunted active force-length relation and substantially prolonged twitch were found in MCT-males but not MCT-females (vs same-sex CONT). Ca(2+) transient was prolonged in both MCT-treated groups but extremely so in the MCT-males. The gradual stretch resulted in a distinct "bump" on Ca(2+) transient decline in CONT and MCT-treated groups. The integral magnitude of the "bump" was unaffected by the treatment with MCT in males or females but was larger in males vs females. The rate of "bump" development was significantly slower in MCT-males. In conclusion, the sex-specific differences in the stretch-dependent regulation of [Ca(2+)] i may underlie preservation of the Frank-Starling mechanism in female rat myocardium in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lookin
- Laboratory of Biological Motility, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620049, Russia,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee HI, Yun KW, Seo KI, Kim MJ, Lee MK. Scopoletin prevents alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating the AMPK-SREBP pathway in diet-induced obese mice. Metabolism 2014; 63:593-601. [PMID: 24559844 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of scopoletin on alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese mice and its mechanism. MATERIAL/METHODS Alcohol (25% v/v, 5g/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 6 weeks to mice fed with a high-fat diet (35%kcal) with or without scopoletin (0.05%, wt/wt). RESULTS Scopoletin reduced plasma acetaldehyde, fatty acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin levels, hepatic lipid and droplets and fasting blood glucose levels that were increased by alcohol. Scopoletin significantly activated hepatic AMPK and inhibited ACC and SREBP-1c and the activities of lipogenic enzymes, such as FAS, PAP and G6PD compared to the alcohol control group. Moreover, scopoletin significantly inhibited hepatic CYP2E1 activity and protein levels but elevated the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GST and the levels of GSH compared to the alcohol control group. The hepatic lipid peroxide level was significantly lowered by scopoletin supplementation in alcohol-administered obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggested that scopoletin can ameliorate alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating AMPK-SREBP pathway-mediated lipogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-In Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Yun
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea
| | - Kown-Il Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department of Hotel Cuisine, Suseong College, Daegu, 706-711, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gubrij IB, Martin SR, Pangle AK, Kurten R, Johnson LG. Attenuation of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by luminal adeno-associated virus serotype 9 gene transfer of prostacyclin synthase. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:498-505. [PMID: 24512101 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We evaluated whether luminal delivery of the human prostacyclin synthase (hPGIS) cDNA with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors could attenuate PAH. AAV serotype 5 (AAV5) and AAV9 vectors containing the hPGIS cDNA under the control of a cytomegalovirus-enhanced chicken β-actin (CB) promoter or vehicle (saline) were instilled into lungs of rats. Two days later, rats were injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg) or saline. Biochemical, hemodynamic, and morphologic assessments were performed when the rats developed symptoms (3-4 weeks) or at 6 weeks. Luminal (airway) administration of AAV5 and AAV9CBhPGIS vectors (MCT-AAV5 and MCT-AAV9 rats) significantly increased plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1(α) as compared with MCT-controls, and closely resembled levels measured in rats not treated with MCT (saline-saline). Right ventricular (RV)/left ventricular (LV)+septum (S) ratios and RV systolic pressure (RVSP) were greater in MCT-control rats than in saline-saline rats, whereas the ratios and RVSP in MCT-AAV5CBhPGIS and MCT-AAV9CBhPGIS rats were similar to saline-saline rats. Thickening of the muscular media of small pulmonary arteries of MCT-control rats was detected in histological sections, whereas the thickness of the muscular media in MCT-AAV5CBhPGIS and MCT-AAV9CBhPGIS rats was similar to saline-saline controls. In experiments with different promoters, a trend toward increased levels of PGF1(α) expression was detected in lung homogenates, but not plasma, of MCT-treated rats transduced with an AAV9-hPGIS vector containing a CB promoter. This correlated with significant reductions in the RV/LV+S ratio and RVSP in MCT-AAV9CBhPGIS rats that resembled levels in saline-saline rats. No changes in levels of PGF1(α), RV/LV+S, or RVSP were detected in rats transduced with AAV9-hPGIS vectors containing a modified CB promoter (CB7) or a distal epithelial cell-specific promoter (CC10). Thus, AAV9CBhPGIS vectors prevented development of MCT-induced PAH and associated pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Gubrij
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR 72205
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|