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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory benefits of semaglutide: State of the art. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2024; 36:100340. [PMID: 38576822 PMCID: PMC10992717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes often have chronic inflammation and high levels of inflammatory cytokines, leading to insulin resistance and complications. Anti-inflammatory agents are proposed to prevent these issues, including using antidiabetic medications with anti-inflammatory properties like semaglutide, a GLP-1 analogue. Semaglutide not only lowers glucose but also shows potential anti-inflammatory effects. Studies suggest it can modulate inflammatory responses and benefit those with diabetes. However, the exact mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory effects are not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the latest findings on semaglutide's anti-inflammatory effects and the potential pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhou L, Roth M, Papakonstantinou E, Tamm M, Stolz D. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor and HDACs in airway smooth muscle cells is associated with response to steroids in COPD. Respir Res 2024; 25:227. [PMID: 38812021 PMCID: PMC11137987 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid insensitivity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) presents a problem for controlling the chronic inflammation of the airways. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates the intracellular signaling of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) by interacting with transcription factors and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The aim of this study was to assess if COPD patients' response to ICS in vivo, may be associated with the expression of GR, the complex of GR with transcription factors, and the expression of various HDACs in vitro. METHODS Primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) were established from endobronchial biopsies obtained from patients with asthma (n = 10), patients with COPD (n = 10) and subjects that underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy without pathological findings and served as controls (n = 6). ASMC were also established from 18 COPD patients, 10 responders and 8 non-responders to ICS, who participated in the HISTORIC study, an investigator-initiated and driven clinical trial that proved the hypothesis that COPD patients with high ASMC in their endobronchial biopsies respond better to ICS than patients with low ASMC. Expression of GR and its isoforms GRα and GRβ and HDACs was investigated in primary ASMC in the absence or in the presence of dexamethasone (10- 8M) by western blotting. The complex formation of GR with transcription factors was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Expression of GR and its isoform GRα but not GRβ was significantly reduced in ASMC from COPD patients as compared to controls. There were no significant differences in the expression of GR, GRα and GRβ between responders and non-responders to ICS. However, treatment with dexamethasone upregulated the expression of total GR (p = 0.004) and GRα (p = 0.005) after 30 min in responders but not in non-responders. Τhe formation of the complex GR-c-Jun was increased 60 min after treatment with dexamethasone only in responders who exhibited significantly lower expression of HDAC3 (p = 0.005) and HDAC5 (p < 0.0001) as compared to non-responders. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ASMC from COPD patients who do not respond to treatment with ICS, are characterized by reduced GR-c-Jun complex formation and increased expression of HDAC3 and HDAC5. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN11017699 (Registration date: 15/11/2016).
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/biosynthesis
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/biosynthesis
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Aged
- Cells, Cultured
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
- Administration, Inhalation
- Bronchi/drug effects
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Bronchi/pathology
- Bronchi/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tamm
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Yang Y, Pan X, Chen S. Effect of Semaglutide and Empagliflozin on Pulmonary Structure and Proteomics in Obese Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1217-1233. [PMID: 38496002 PMCID: PMC10942255 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s456336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study utilized proteomics to investigate changes in protein expression associated with lung health in obese mice exposed to semaglutide and empagliflozin through a high-fat diet. Methods Twenty-eight male C57BL/6JC mice were randomly assigned to two groups: a control diet group (n = 7) and a high-fat diet group (n = 21). The HFD group was further divided into three groups: HFD group (n = 7), Sema group (n = 7), and Empa group (n = 7). Post-treatment, mice underwent assessments including glucose tolerance, lipids, oxidative stress markers, body weight, lung weight, and structure. Proteomics identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in lung tissue, and bioinformatics analyzed the biological processes and functions of these proteins. Results Semaglutide and empagliflozin significantly attenuated obesity-induced hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response, and can decrease alveolar wall thickness, enlarge alveolar lumen, and reduce collagen content in lung tissue. Both medications also attenuated lung elastic fibre cracking and disintegration. In the HFD/NCD group, there were 66 DEPs, comprising 30 proteins that were increased and 36 that were decreased. Twenty-three DEPs overlapped between Sema/HFD and Empa/HFD, with 11 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated simultaneously. After analysing DEPs in different groups, four proteins - LYVE1, BRAF, RGCC, and CHMP5 - were all downregulated in the HFD group and upregulated by semaglutide and empagliflozin treatment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that obesity induced by a high-fat diet causes a reduction in the expression of LYVE1, BRAF, RGCC, and CHMP5 proteins, potentially affecting lung function and structure in mice. Significantly, the administration of semaglutide and empagliflozin elevates the levels of these proteins, potentially offering therapeutic benefits against lung injury caused by obesity. Merging semaglutide with empagliflozin may exert a more pronounced impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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Patil RS, Maloney ME, Lucas R, Fulton DJR, Patel V, Bagi Z, Kovacs-Kasa A, Kovacs L, Su Y, Verin AD. Zinc-Dependent Histone Deacetylases in Lung Endothelial Pathobiology. Biomolecules 2024; 14:140. [PMID: 38397377 PMCID: PMC10886568 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) lines the lumen of blood vessels and, as such, provides a semi-selective barrier between the blood and the interstitial space. Compromise of the lung EC barrier due to inflammatory or toxic events may result in pulmonary edema, which is a cardinal feature of acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The EC functions are controlled, at least in part, via epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Zinc-dependent HDACs represent the largest group of HDACs and are activated by Zn2+. Members of this HDAC group are involved in epigenetic regulation primarily by modifying the structure of chromatin upon removal of acetyl groups from histones. In addition, they can deacetylate many non-histone histone proteins, including those located in extranuclear compartments. Recently, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting zinc-dependent HDACs for EC barrier preservation has gained momentum. However, the role of specific HDAC subtypes in EC barrier regulation remains largely unknown. This review aims to provide an update on the role of zinc-dependent HDACs in endothelial dysfunction and its related diseases. We will broadly focus on biological contributions, signaling pathways and transcriptional roles of HDACs in endothelial pathobiology associated mainly with lung diseases, and we will discuss the potential of their inhibitors for lung injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - McKenzie E. Maloney
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Pan X, Yang L, Wang S, Liu Y, Yue L, Chen S. Semaglutide alleviates inflammation-Induced endothelial progenitor cells injury by inhibiting MiR-155 expression in macrophage exosomes. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110196. [PMID: 37075674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The low-grade inflammatory state in obesity can damage vascular endothelial cells and lead to several cardiovascular diseases. Macrophage exosomes improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice, and yet it is unclear how it relates to endothelial cell injury. Firstly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage exosomes were co-cultured with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to examine the function of EPCs and the level of inflammatory factors. Secondly, macrophages were transfected with MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) miR-155 mimics and inhibitors, and their secreted exosomes were co-cultured with EPCs to detect EPCs function and inflammatory factor levels. Then, EPCs were transfected with miR-155 mimics and inhibitors to clarify the effect of miR-155 on EPCs function and inflammatory factors. Finally, macrophages were intervened using semaglutide, and their secreted exosomes were co-cultured with EPCs to test EPCs function, inflammatory factor levels and macrophages miR-155 expression. LPS-induced macrophage exosomes reduced the cellular activity, migratory capacity and tube-forming ability of EPCs and rendered EPCs in an inflammatory state. LPS-induced microphage exosomes significantly upregulated miR-155 expression. miR-155 high expression exacerbated the pro-inflammatory nature of macrophage exosomes and inhibited the cell viability of EPCs. In contrast, inhibition of miR-155 expression showed the opposite result, suppressing inflammation and increasing the cell viability of EPCs. Semaglutide improved the cell viability of EPCs and also inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in EPCs as well as miR-155 in exosomes. Semaglutide improves the function and inflammatory status of EPCs may via inhibition of LPS-induced macrophage expression of miR-155 in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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