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Angioletti L, Balconi M. Binge Drinking and Problem Gambling Association in Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:845505. [PMID: 35634206 PMCID: PMC9137036 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.845505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Angioletti
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Angioletti
| | - Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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2
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Dennison JB, Sazhin D, Smith DV. Decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics: Recent progress and ongoing challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2022; 13:e1589. [PMID: 35137549 PMCID: PMC9124684 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics have developed many new insights in the study of decision making. This review provides an overarching update on how the field has advanced in this time period. Although our initial review a decade ago outlined several theoretical, conceptual, methodological, empirical, and practical challenges, there has only been limited progress in resolving these challenges. We summarize significant trends in decision neuroscience through the lens of the challenges outlined for the field and review examples where the field has had significant, direct, and applicable impacts across economics and psychology. First, we review progress on topics including reward learning, explore-exploit decisions, risk and ambiguity, intertemporal choice, and valuation. Next, we assess the impacts of emotion, social rewards, and social context on decision making. Then, we follow up with how individual differences impact choices and new exciting developments in the prediction and neuroforecasting of future decisions. Finally, we consider how trends in decision-neuroscience research reflect progress toward resolving past challenges, discuss new and exciting applications of recent research, and identify new challenges for the field. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making Psychology > Emotion and Motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Dennison
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Sazhin
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David V Smith
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Stolte M, Oranje B, Van Luit JEH, Kroesbergen EH. Prepulse Inhibition and P50 Suppression in Relation to Creativity and Attention: Dispersed Attention Beneficial to Quantitative but Not Qualitative Measures of Divergent Thinking. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:875398. [PMID: 35757214 PMCID: PMC9218263 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.875398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated whether lower sensory and sensorimotor gating were related to higher levels of creativity and/or attentional difficulties in a natural population of primary school children (9- to 13-year-old). Gating abilities were measured with P50 suppression and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI). The final sample included 65 participants in the P50 analyses and 37 participants in the PPI analyses. Our results showed that children with a high P50 amplitude to testing stimuli scored significantly higher on the divergent outcome measures of fluency and flexibility but not originality compared to children with a lower amplitude. No significant differences were found on any of the creativity measures when the sample was split on average PPI parameters. No significant differences in attention, as measured with a parent questionnaire, were found between children with low or high levels of sensory or sensorimotor gating. The data suggest that quantitative, but not qualitative measures of divergent thinking benefit from lower psychophysiological gating and that attentional difficulties stem from specific instead of general gating deficits. Future studies should take the effect of controlled attention into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Stolte
- Department of Orthopedagogics: Cognitive and Motor Disabilities, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bob Oranje
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Johannes E H Van Luit
- Department of Orthopedagogics: Cognitive and Motor Disabilities, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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May NG, Ballard SC, Siperstein GN. It's right, but risky too: Inclusive behavior as a positive risk in adolescence. J Adolesc 2021; 89:41-54. [PMID: 33866134 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although adolescent risk-taking is often characterized as negative, more recent work focuses on risk as a spectrum of negative to positive behaviors. We propose inclusive behavior as a new category of positive risk-taking focused on helping and facilitating social belonging for those who are marginalized or excluded. We use a qualitative approach to explore adolescents' perceptions of the risks involved in inclusive behavior and the factors that motivate acting inclusively at school. METHODS 30 focus groups were conducted at 16 middle and high schools across the United States. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 194 students in grades 6-12 (11-19 years old). Students were majority female (61%) and self-identified as white (68%). Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS Students often perceived the decision to act inclusively as risky because it involved weighing uncertain outcomes, including potential costs (e.g. peer rejection) and rewards (e.g. friendship). Students primarily focused on the role of peer group influence, but also discussed how school norms, the identity of the peer they were trying to include, and their own motivations affected the perceived risk involved in acting inclusively. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an exploratory look at adolescents' experiences of inclusive behavior. Findings support the current conceptualization of positive risk-taking behavior and suggest a multi-level framework for inclusive risks. Exploring the factors that make inclusive behavior differentially risky across individuals and contexts is a first step towards understanding how inclusive behavior fits within the positive risk-taking framework and designing interventions to reduce the risks involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G May
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Center for Social Development and Education, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Staci C Ballard
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Center for Social Development and Education, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Gary N Siperstein
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Center for Social Development and Education, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
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5
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Arbel Y, Fox AB. Electrophysiological Examination of Feedback-Based Learning in 8-11-Year-Old Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:640270. [PMID: 33716909 PMCID: PMC7947233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at evaluating the extent to which the feedback related negativity (FRN), an ERP component associated with feedback processing, is related to learning in school-age children. Eighty typically developing children between the ages of 8 and 11 years completed a declarative learning task while their EEG was recorded. The study evaluated the predictive value of the FRN on learning retention as measured by accuracy on a follow-up test a day after the session. The FRN elicited by positive feedback was found to be predictive of learning retention in children. The relationship between the FRN and learning was moderated by age. The P3a was also found to be associated with learning, such that larger P3a to negative feedback was associated with better learning retention in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Arbel
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annie B Fox
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Abstract
Adolescents are more likely to take risks than children or adults. This propensity can be directed toward negative (illegal and dangerous) or positive (socially acceptable and constructive) risk behaviors. Adolescents who take positive risks include teenagers winning Olympic medals for landing snowboard tricks and students protesting gun violence on a national platform. Yet little is known about the nature of positive risk taking because much of the research on adolescent risk taking has focused on negative risks, such as substance use or delinquency. In this article, we offer a theoretical model of positive risk taking, briefly review research on positive risk taking, and discuss theoretical correlates of positive risk taking based on models of adolescent risk taking. We aim to identify positive risks as a unique class of socially acceptable risks in which youth engage in addition to negative risks.
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Crockett LJ, Deardorff J, Johnson M, Irwin C, Petersen AC. Puberty Education in a Global Context: Knowledge Gaps, Opportunities, and Implications for Policy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:177-195. [PMID: 30869838 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Youth programs and policies provide opportunities for institutions and societies to support healthy adolescent development. Puberty education programs are universally important, as they provide crucial knowledge and skills to help youth and their caregivers navigate the physical, emotional, and interpersonal changes of puberty with positive outcomes. However, few puberty programs have been rigorously evaluated, resulting in a lack of evidence-based knowledge and practice in this area. This review examines the status of research on puberty education and related programs and draws on the broader intervention literature and recent research findings on adolescence to identify program features that might improve program effectiveness. Implications for policy are also discussed. The need for rigorous program evaluation is emphasized throughout.
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Bergman MW, Goodson P, Goltz HH. Exploring Genetic Numeracy Skills in a Sample of U.S. University Students. Front Public Health 2017; 5:229. [PMID: 28900615 PMCID: PMC5581811 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Misconceptions concerning numerical genetic risk exist even within educated populations. To more fully characterize and understand the extent of these risk misunderstandings, which have large potential impact on clinical care, we analyzed the responses from 2,576 students enrolled at 2 Southwestern universities using the PGRID tool, a 138-item web-based survey comprising measures of understanding of genetics, genetic disease, and genetic risk. The primary purpose of this study was to characterize the intersection of risk perception and knowledge, termed genetic numeracy (GN). Additionally, we identify sociodemographic factors that might shape varying levels of GN skills within the study sample and explore the impact of GN on genetic testing intentions using both the Marascuilo procedure and logistic regression analysis. Despite having some college coursework or at least one college degree, most respondents lacked high-level aptitude in understanding genetic inheritance risk, especially with respect to recessive disorders. Prior education about genetics and biology, as well as exposure to biomedical models of genetics, was associated with higher GN levels; exposure to popular media models of genetics was inversely associated with higher GN levels. Differing GN levels affects genetic testing intentions. GN will become more relevant as genetic testing is increasingly incorporated into general clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo W Bergman
- Milgard School of Business, University of Washington - Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Patricia Goodson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Heather Honoré Goltz
- University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, United States.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Suleiman AB, Dahl RE. Leveraging Neuroscience to Inform Adolescent Health: The Need for an Innovative Transdisciplinary Developmental Science of Adolescence. J Adolesc Health 2017; 60:240-248. [PMID: 28235453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we consider how to leverage some of the rapid advances in developmental neuroscience in ways that can improve adolescent health. We provide a brief overview of several key areas of scientific progress relevant to these issues. We then focus on two examples of important health problems that increase sharply during adolescence: sleep problems and affective disorders. These examples illustrate how an integrative, developmental science approach provides new insights into treatment and intervention. They also highlight a cornerstone principle: how a deeper understanding of potentially modifiable factors-at key developmental inflection points along the trajectory toward clinical disorders-is beginning to inform, and may eventually transform, a broad range of innovative early intervention strategies to improve adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- University of California Berkeley, Institute for Human Development, Berkeley, California; University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California
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10
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Van Hoorn J, Crone EA, Van Leijenhorst L. Hanging Out With the Right Crowd: Peer Influence on Risk-Taking Behavior in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:189-200. [PMID: 28498538 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peer influence plays a key role in the increase of risk-taking behavior during adolescence. However, its underlying processes are not fully understood. This study examined the effects of social norms, conveyed through peer advice, on risk-taking behavior in 15- to 17-year-old adolescents (N = 76). Participants played a card-guessing task alone and with online peer advice. Results showed that risk-taking increased in the presence of peers. The results further showed that adolescents took into account the uncertainty associated with gambles, as well as the social norms conveyed by peers. Our findings suggest that peers are most influential in uncertain situations and demonstrate the value of a social norms approach in examining the processes underlying peer effects.
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11
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Chuang JY, Hagan CC, Murray GK, Graham JME, Ooi C, Tait R, Holt RJ, Elliott R, van Nieuwenhuizen AO, Bullmore ET, Lennox BR, Sahakian BJ, Goodyer IM, Suckling J. Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder: Neuroimaging Evidence of Sex Difference during an Affective Go/No-Go Task. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:119. [PMID: 28744228 PMCID: PMC5504124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to female major depressive disorder (MDD), male MDD often receives less attention. However, research is warranted since there are significant sex differences in the clinical presentation of MDD and a higher rate of suicide in depressed men. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with a large sample addressing putative sex differences in MDD during adolescence, a period when one of the most robust findings in psychiatric epidemiology emerges; that females are twice as likely to suffer from MDD than males. Twenty-four depressed and 10 healthy male adolescents, together with 82 depressed and 24 healthy female adolescents, aged 11-18 years, undertook an affective go/no-go task during fMRI acquisition. In response to sad relative to neutral distractors, significant sex differences (in the supramarginal gyrus) and group-by-sex interactions (in the supramarginal gyrus and the posterior cingulate cortex) were found. Furthermore, in contrast to the healthy male adolescents, depressed male adolescents showed decreased activation in the cerebellum with a significant group-by-age interaction in connectivity. Future research may consider altered developmental trajectories and the possible implications of sex-specific treatment and prevention strategies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Chuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy C Hagan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M E Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cinly Ooi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Tait
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda R Lennox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, Arora M, Azzopardi P, Baldwin W, Bonell C, Kakuma R, Kennedy E, Mahon J, McGovern T, Mokdad AH, Patel V, Petroni S, Reavley N, Taiwo K, Waldfogel J, Wickremarathne D, Barroso C, Bhutta Z, Fatusi AO, Mattoo A, Diers J, Fang J, Ferguson J, Ssewamala F, Viner RM. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet 2016; 387:2423-78. [PMID: 27174304 PMCID: PMC5832967 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1741] [Impact Index Per Article: 217.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John S Santelli
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Ross
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rima Afifi
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Monika Arora
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Peter Azzopardi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Ritsuko Kakuma
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Terry McGovern
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washinton, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Suzanne Petroni
- International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicola Reavley
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jane Waldfogel
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Amitabh Mattoo
- Australia India Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jing Fang
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jane Ferguson
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Russell M Viner
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Ballonoff Suleiman A, Johnson M, Shirtcliff EA, Galván A. School-Based Sex Education and Neuroscience: What We Know About Sex, Romance, Marriage, and Adolescent Brain Development. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2015; 85:567-574. [PMID: 26149313 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many school-based abstinence-only sex education curricula state that sexual activity outside of marriage is likely to have harmful psychological effects. Recent advances in neuroscience have expanded our understanding of the neural underpinnings of romantic love, marriage, sexual desire, and sexual behavior and improved our understanding of adolescent brain development. METHODS In this article, we review recent advances in neuroscience and clarify what is known about the link between neural development and adolescent romantic and sexual behavior and what opportunities exist for future research. RESULTS Whereas the evidence from neuroscience does not yet allow for clear conclusions about the cost or benefits of early romantic relationships and sexual behavior, it does indicate that providing developmentally appropriate education contributes to lifelong sexual health. CONCLUSIONS Developing policies and practices for school-based sex education that reflect current research will best support the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents throughout their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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14
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van Duijvenvoorde ACK, Achterberg M, Braams BR, Peters S, Crone EA. Testing a dual-systems model of adolescent brain development using resting-state connectivity analyses. Neuroimage 2015; 124:409-420. [PMID: 25969399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to test a dual-systems model of adolescent brain development by studying changes in intrinsic functional connectivity within and across networks typically associated with cognitive-control and affective-motivational processes. To this end, resting-state and task-related fMRI data were collected of 269 participants (ages 8-25). Resting-state analyses focused on seeds derived from task-related neural activation in the same participants: the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) from a cognitive rule-learning paradigm and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) from a reward-paradigm. Whole-brain seed-based resting-state analyses showed an age-related increase in dlPFC connectivity with the caudate and thalamus, and an age-related decrease in connectivity with the (pre)motor cortex. nAcc connectivity showed a strengthening of connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and subcortical structures such as the hippocampus, and a specific age-related decrease in connectivity with the ventral medial PFC (vmPFC). Behavioral measures from both functional paradigms correlated with resting-state connectivity strength with their respective seed. That is, age-related change in learning performance was mediated by connectivity between the dlPFC and thalamus, and age-related change in winning pleasure was mediated by connectivity between the nAcc and vmPFC. These patterns indicate (i) strengthening of connectivity between regions that support control and learning, (ii) more independent functioning of regions that support motor and control networks, and (iii) more independent functioning of regions that support motivation and valuation networks with age. These results are interpreted vis-à-vis a dual-systems model of adolescent brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M Achterberg
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B R Braams
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Peters
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E A Crone
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Adolescent Pediatric Decision-Making: A Critical Reconsideration in the Light of the Data. HEC Forum 2014; 26:299-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s10730-014-9250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Grose-Fifer J, Migliaccio R, Zottoli TM. Feedback processing in adolescence: an event-related potential study of age and gender differences. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:228-38. [PMID: 24853058 DOI: 10.1159/000358917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence has frequently been characterized as a period of increased risk taking, which may be largely driven by maturational changes in neural areas that process incentives. To investigate age- and gender-related differences in reward processing, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 80 participants in a gambling game, in which monetary wins and losses were either large or small. We measured two ERP components: the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the feedback P3 (fP3). The FRN was sensitive to the size of a win in both adult (aged 23-35 years) and adolescent (aged 13-17 years) males, but not in females. Small wins appeared to be less rewarding for males than for females, which may in part explain more approach-driven behavior in males in general. Furthermore, adolescent boys showed both delayed FRNs to high losses and less differentiation in FRN amplitude between wins and losses in comparison to girls. The fP3, which is thought to index the salience of the feedback at a more conscious level than the FRN, was also larger in boys than in girls. Taken together, these results imply that higher levels of risk taking that are commonly reported in adolescent males may be driven both by hypersensitivity to high rewards and insensitivity to punishment or losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Grose-Fifer
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, N.Y., USA
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17
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A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of reward-related brain activation: effects of age, pubertal stage, and reward sensitivity. Brain Cogn 2014; 89:3-14. [PMID: 24512819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiological models suggest that adolescents are driven by an overactive ventral striatum (VS) response to rewards that may lead to an adolescent increase in risk-taking behavior. However, empirical studies showed mixed findings of adolescents' brain response to rewards. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between reward-related brain activation and risky decision-making. In addition, we examined effects of age, puberty, and individuals' reward sensitivity. We collected two datasets: Experiment 1 reports cross-sectional brain data from 75 participants (ages 10-25) who played a risky decision task. Experiment 2 presents a longitudinal extension in which a subset of these adolescents (n=33) was measured again 2years later. Results showed that (1) a reward-related network including VS and medial PFC was consistently activated over time, (2) the propensity to choose the risky option was related to increased reward-related activation in VS and medial PFC, and (3) longitudinal comparisons indicated that self-reported reward sensitivity was specifically related to VS activation over time. Together, these results advance our insights in the brain circuitry underlying reward processing across adolescence.
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Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to explore the reasons for alcohol misuse and other risk-taking behaviours in adolescence. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS Vulnerable adolescents make suboptimal addictive-related choices in the period of initiation of alcohol use and gambling, which is also a period of cognitive and brain development, and in health behaviours. Hyperactive response to rewards as well as possibly hypoactive responses to punishments combined with weaknesses in the abilities to regulate strong impulses results in greater risk of alcohol and gambling misuse. CONCLUSION Abnormal patterns of alcohol consumption (e.g. binge drinking) could dramatically reinforce this disequilibrium by enhancing salience for alcohol and associated information and compromising self-regulatory processes. There are some preventive and therapeutic cognitive training strategies that can strengthen willpower in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Noël
- Corresponding author: Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 4 place Van Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
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Hoogendam JM, Kahn RS, Hillegers MHJ, van Buuren M, Vink M. Different developmental trajectories for anticipation and receipt of reward during adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2013; 6:113-24. [PMID: 24055865 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical adolescent behaviour such as increased risk-taking and novelty-seeking is probably related to developmental changes in the brain reward system. This functional MRI study investigated how brain activation related to two components of reward processing (Reward Anticipation and Reward Outcome) changes with age in a sample of 39 children, adolescents and young adults aged 10-25. Our data revealed age-related changes in brain activity during both components of reward processing. Activation related to Reward Anticipation increased with age, while activation related to Reward Outcome decreased in various regions of the reward network. This shift from outcome to anticipation was confirmed by subsequent analyses showing positive correlations between age and the difference in activation between Reward Anticipation and Reward Outcome. The shift was predominantly present in striatal regions and was accompanied by a significant effect of age on behaviour, with older participants showing more response speeding on potentially rewarding trials than younger participants. This study provides evidence for functional changes in the reward system which may underlie typical adolescent behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Hoogendam
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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