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Barbalace MC, Freschi M, Rinaldi I, Zallocco L, Malaguti M, Manera C, Ortore G, Zuccarini M, Ronci M, Cuffaro D, Macchia M, Hrelia S, Giusti L, Digiacomo M, Angeloni C. Unraveling the Protective Role of Oleocanthal and Its Oxidation Product, Oleocanthalic Acid, against Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1074. [PMID: 39334733 PMCID: PMC11428454 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical aspect of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This study investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of oleocanthal and its oxidation product, oleocanthalic acid, using the BV-2 cell line activated with lipopolysaccharide. Our findings revealed that oleocanthal significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the expression of inflammatory genes, counteracted oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide, and increased cell phagocytic activity. Conversely, oleocanthalic acid was not able to counteract lipopolysaccharide-induced activation. The docking analysis revealed a plausible interaction of oleocanthal, with both CD14 and MD-2 leading to a potential interference with TLR4 signaling. Since our data show that oleocanthal only partially reduces the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of NF-kB, its action as a TLR4 antagonist alone cannot explain its remarkable effect against neuroinflammation. Proteomic analysis revealed that oleocanthal counteracts the LPS modulation of 31 proteins, including significant targets such as gelsolin, clathrin, ACOD1, and four different isoforms of 14-3-3 protein, indicating new potential molecular targets of the compound. In conclusion, oleocanthal, but not oleocanthalic acid, mitigates neuroinflammation through multiple mechanisms, highlighting a pleiotropic action that is particularly important in the context of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Michela Freschi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Irene Rinaldi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- COIIM-Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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Windoloski KA, Janum S, Berg RMG, Olufsen MS. Characterization of differences in immune responses during bolus and continuous infusion endotoxin challenges using mathematical modelling. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:689-710. [PMID: 38466166 PMCID: PMC11061636 DOI: 10.1113/ep091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Endotoxin administration is commonly used to study the inflammatory response, and though traditionally given as a bolus injection, it can be administered as a continuous infusion over multiple hours. Several studies hypothesize that the latter better represents the prolonged and pronounced inflammation observed in conditions like sepsis. Yet very few experimental studies have administered endotoxin using both strategies, leaving significant gaps in determining the underlying mechanisms responsible for their differing immune responses. We used mathematical modelling to analyse cytokine data from two studies administering a 2 ng kg-1 dose of endotoxin, one as a bolus and the other as a continuous infusion over 4 h. Using our model, we simulated the dynamics of mean and subject-specific cytokine responses as well as the response to long-term endotoxin administration. Cytokine measurements revealed that the bolus injection led to significantly higher peaks for interleukin (IL)-8, while IL-10 reaches higher peaks during continuous administration. Moreover, the peak timing of all measured cytokines occurred later with continuous infusion. We identified three model parameters that significantly differed between the two administration methods. Monocyte activation of IL-10 was greater during the continuous infusion, while tumour necrosis factor α $ {\alpha} $ and IL-8 recovery rates were faster for the bolus injection. This suggests that a continuous infusion elicits a stronger, longer-lasting systemic reaction through increased stimulation of monocyte anti-inflammatory mediator production and decreased recovery of pro-inflammatory catalysts. Furthermore, the continuous infusion model exhibited prolonged inflammation with recurrent peaks resolving within 2 days during long-term (20-32 h) endotoxin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Janum
- Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg HospitalsFrederiksbergDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ronan M. G. Berg
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine and, Centre for Physical Activity ResearchCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Mette S. Olufsen
- Department of MathematicsNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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Kuhlman KR, Radin A, Cole SW, Bower JE. Psychosocial predictors of the innate immune response to influenza vaccination. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106989. [PMID: 38354453 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Experimental activation of the innate immune system has contributed significantly to both our understanding of how psychological factors influence immune function as well as how immune activity influences the brain and behavior. The annual influenza vaccine can be used to interrogate the effects of mild immune stimulation on day-to-day changes in psychological processes in human subjects that range across the lifespan and in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Yet, the immune response to the influenza vaccine in the days immediately following its administration are not well characterized. The present study describes changes in inflammatory and antiviral gene expression within circulating immune cells, plasma cytokines, and C-reactive protein (CRP) following receipt of the flu vaccine, and further reports the association between several common behavioral health factors and the acute immune response. Participants were 65 adults (mean age 18.81 ± 1.03 years; 66.2% female) who provided a blood sample immediately before and then 24 h after receiving the vaccine. A subsample also provided additional blood samples at 48 and 72 h. Plasma was assayed for CRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell RNA was sequenced for evidence of change in expression of an a priori set of type 1 interferon (IFN) and inflammatory response genes (INFLAM). Plasma cytokines, CRP, and IFN response genes increased 24 h after vaccination, all ps < .001. The increase in IFN gene expression correlated with the observed increase in plasma cytokines and CRP, p < .0001. The immune response to influenza vaccination at 24-hours was moderated by anxiety symptoms, BMI, being female, sleep, and history of influenza vaccination. These factors and their associations with common immune challenges may be useful in studies interrogating the origins of immune dysregulation. The annual influenza vaccine is an accessible and reliable exogenous activator of both circulating and transcriptional markers of innate immune reactivity, with sensitivity to behavioral health factors relevant for psychoneuroimmunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ryan Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arielle Radin
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Brown GC, Heneka MT. The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38561809 PMCID: PMC10983749 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes much of the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and if LPS enters the human body or brain can induce inflammation and act as an endotoxin. We outline the hypothesis here that LPS may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via peripheral infections or gut dysfunction elevating LPS levels in blood and brain, which promotes: amyloid pathology, tau pathology and microglial activation, contributing to the neurodegeneration of AD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: i) blood and brain levels of LPS are elevated in AD patients, ii) AD risk factors increase LPS levels or response, iii) LPS induces Aβ expression, aggregation, inflammation and neurotoxicity, iv) LPS induces TAU phosphorylation, aggregation and spreading, v) LPS induces microglial priming, activation and neurotoxicity, and vi) blood LPS induces loss of synapses, neurons and memory in AD mouse models, and cognitive dysfunction in humans. However, to test the hypothesis, it is necessary to test whether reducing blood LPS reduces AD risk or progression. If the LPS endotoxin hypothesis is correct, then treatments might include: reducing infections, changing gut microbiome, reducing leaky gut, decreasing blood LPS, or blocking LPS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Chen J, Zhang S. The Role of Inflammation in Cholestatic Liver Injury. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4527-4540. [PMID: 37854312 PMCID: PMC10581020 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s430730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common clinical event in which bile formation and excretion are blocked, leading to retention of bile acids or bile salts; whether it occurs intra- or extrahepatically, primary or secondary, its pathogenesis is still unclear and is influenced by a combination of factors. In a variety of inflammatory and immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages (intrahepatic macrophages are also known as Kupffer cells), mast cells, NK cells, and even T cells in humoral immunity and B cells in cellular immunity, inflammation can be a "second strike" against cholestatic liver injury. These cells, stimulated by a variety of factors such as bile acids, inflammatory chemokines, and complement, can be activated and accumulate in the cholestatic liver, and with the involvement of inflammatory mediators and modulation by cytokines, can lead to destruction of hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells and exacerbate (and occasionally retard) the progression of cholestatic liver disease. In this paper, we summarized the new research advances proposed so far regarding the relationship between inflammation and cholestasis, aiming to provide reference for researchers and clinicians in the field of cholestatic liver injury research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Benson S, Karshikoff B. How Can Experimental Endotoxemia Contribute to Our Understanding of Pain? A Narrative Review. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:250-267. [PMID: 37797598 PMCID: PMC10619593 DOI: 10.1159/000534467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the central nervous system exchange information continuously. This communication is a prerequisite for adaptive responses to physiological and psychological stressors. While the implicate relationship between inflammation and pain is increasingly recognized in clinical cohorts, the underlying mechanisms and the possibilities for pharmacological and psychological approaches aimed at neuro-immune communication in pain are not fully understood yet. This calls for preclinical models which build a bridge from clinical research to laboratory research. Experimental models of systemic inflammation (experimental endotoxemia) in humans have been increasingly recognized as an approach to study the direct and causal effects of inflammation on pain perception. This narrative review provides an overview of what experimental endotoxemia studies on pain have been able to clarify so far. We report that experimental endotoxemia results in a reproducible increase in pain sensitivity, particularly for pressure and visceral pain (deep pain), which is reflected in responses of brain areas involved in pain processing. Increased levels of blood inflammatory cytokines are required for this effect, but cytokine levels do not always predict pain intensity. We address sex-dependent differences in immunological responses to endotoxin and discuss why these differences do not necessarily translate to differences in behavioral measures. We summarize psychological and cognitive factors that may moderate pain sensitization driven by immune activation. Together, studying the immune-driven changes in pain during endotoxemia offers a deeper mechanistic understanding of the role of inflammation in chronic pain. Experimental endotoxemia models can specifically help to tease out inflammatory mechanisms underlying individual differences, vulnerabilities, and comorbid psychological problems in pain syndromes. The model offers the opportunity to test the efficacy of interventions, increasing their translational applicability for personalized medical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Education, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Department of Social Studies, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cross AS. Hit 'em Where It Hurts: Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide as a Vaccine Target. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0004522. [PMID: 37432116 PMCID: PMC10521362 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00045-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria pose an increasing threat to the ability to perform surgical procedures, organ transplantation, and treat cancer among many other medical conditions. There are few new antimicrobials in the development pipeline. Vaccines against AMR Gram-negative bacteria may reduce the use of antimicrobials and prevent bacterial transmission. This review traces the origins of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria, the role of O polysaccharides and LPS core regions as potential vaccine targets, the development of new vaccine technologies, and their application to vaccines in current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Brown GC, Camacho M, Williams‐Gray CH. The Endotoxin Hypothesis of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1143-1155. [PMID: 37157885 PMCID: PMC10947365 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endotoxin hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the idea that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. LPS endotoxins are found in, and released from, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, for example in the gut. It is proposed that gut dysfunction in early PD leads to elevated LPS levels in the gut wall and blood, which promotes both α-synuclein aggregation in the enteric neurons and a peripheral inflammatory response. Communication to the brain via circulating LPS and cytokines in the blood and/or the gut-brain axis leads to neuroinflammation and spreading of α-synuclein pathology, exacerbating neurodegeneration in brainstem nuclei and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and manifesting in the clinical symptoms of PD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: (1) gut dysfunction, permeability, and bacterial changes occur early in PD, (2) serum levels of LPS are increased in a proportion of PD patients, (3) LPS induces α-synuclein expression, aggregation, and neurotoxicity, (4) LPS causes activation of peripheral monocytes leading to inflammatory cytokine production, and (5) blood LPS causes brain inflammation and specific loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, mediated by microglia. If the hypothesis is correct, then treatment options might include: (1) changing the gut microbiome, (2) reducing gut permeability, (3) reducing circulating LPS levels, or (4) blocking the response of immune cells and microglia to LPS. However, the hypothesis has a number of limitations and requires further testing, in particular whether reducing LPS levels can reduce PD incidence, progression, or severity. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C. Brown
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marta Camacho
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Dorresteijn MJ, Dekker D, Zwaag J, Heemskerk S, Roelofs HM, Smits P, van der Hoeven JG, Wagener FA, Pickkers P. Atazanavir-induced unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia prevents vascular hyporeactivity during experimental human endotoxemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176775. [PMID: 37261364 PMCID: PMC10228648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation-induced free radical release is important in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and sepsis. Heme oxygenase (HO) breaks down heme into carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. Biliverdin IXα is directly converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Unconjugated bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant, and elevated levels have beneficial effects in preclinical models and human cardiovascular disease. However, its impact during acute inflammation in humans is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of atazanavir-induced (unconjugated) hyperbilirubinemia on antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction in human experimental endotoxemia. Approach and results Following double-blinded four-day treatment with atazanavir 2dd300 mg (or placebo), twenty healthy male volunteers received 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intravenously. Blood was drawn to determine the bilirubin levels, antioxidant capacity, and cytokine response. It was demonstrated that following atazanavir treatment, total bilirubin concentrations increased to maximum values of 4.67 (95%CI 3.91-5.59) compared to 0.82 (95%CI 0.64-1.07) mg/dL in the control group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the anti-oxidant capacity, as measured by the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), was significantly increased with 36% in hyperbilirubinemia subjects (p<0.0001), and FRAP concentrations correlated strongly to bilirubin concentrations (R2 = 0.77, p<0.001). Hyperbilirubinemia attenuated the release of interleukin-10 from 377 (95%CI 233-609) to 219 (95%CI 152-318) pg/mL (p=0.01), whereas the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines remained unaltered. In vitro, in the absence of hyperbilirubinemia, atazanavir did not influence lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release in a whole blood assay. Vascular function was assessed using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography after intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and nitroglycerin. Hyperbilirubinemia completely prevented the LPS-associated blunted vascular response to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin. Conclusions Atazanavir-induced hyperbilirubinemia increases antioxidant capacity, attenuates interleukin-10 release, and prevents vascular hyporesponsiveness during human systemic inflammation elicited by experimental endotoxemia. Clinical trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00916448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirrin J. Dorresteijn
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Douwe Dekker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Zwaag
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Heemskerk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hennie M.J. Roelofs
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul Smits
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A.D.T.G. Wagener
- Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Brain temperature as an indicator of neuroinflammation induced by typhoid vaccine: Assessment using whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a randomised crossover study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103053. [PMID: 35617872 PMCID: PMC9136180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MRSI-derived whole-brain temperature did not detect low-level neuroinflammation. Regional brain temperature was a more sensitive measure of neuroinflammation. MRSI/EPSI might be a useful measure of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders.
Prior studies indicate a pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders; however, there are no accepted methods that can reliably measure low-level neuroinflammation non-invasively in these individuals. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a versatile, non-invasive neuroimaging technique that demonstrates sensitivity to brain inflammation. MRSI in conjunction with echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) measures brain metabolites to derive whole-brain and regional brain temperatures, which may increase in neuroinflammation. The validity of MRSI/EPSI for measurement of low level neuroinflammation was tested using a safe experimental model of human brain inflammation – intramuscular administration of typhoid vaccine. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study including MRSI/EPSI scans before and 3 h after vaccine/placebo administration. Body temperature and mood, assessed using the Profile of Mood States, were measured every hour up to four hours post-treatment administration. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to test for treatment effects. A significant proportion of brain regions (44/47) increased in temperature post-vaccine compared to post-placebo (p < 0.0001). For temperature change in the brain as a whole, there was no significant treatment effect. Significant associations were seen between mood scores assessed at 4 h and whole brain and regional temperatures post-treatment. Findings indicate that regional brain temperature may be a more sensitive measure of low-level neuroinflammation than whole-brain temperature. Future work where these measurement techniques are applied to populations with psychiatric disorders would be of clinical interest.
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11
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1424-1431. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Transcutaneous vagal nerve simulation to reduce a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the associated intestinal failure: study protocol of a prospective, two-armed, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial in healthy subjects (the NeuroSIRS-Study). Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:259-270. [PMID: 34599686 PMCID: PMC8760201 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-04034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgery initiates pro-inflammatory mediator cascades leading to a variably pronounced sterile inflammation (SIRS). SIRS is associated with intestinal paralysis and breakdown of intestinal barrier and might result in abdominal sepsis. Technological progress led to the development of a neurostimulator for transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS), which is associated with a decline in inflammatory parameters and peristalsis improvement in rodents and healthy subjects via activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Therefore, taVNS might be a strategy for SIRS prophylaxis. METHODS The NeuroSIRS-Study is a prospective, randomized two-armed, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The study is registered at DRKS00016892 (09.07.2020). A controlled endotoxemia is used as a SIRS-mimicking model. 2 ng/kg bodyweight lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will be administered after taVNS or sham stimulation. The primary objective is a reduction of clinical symptoms of SIRS after taVNS compared to sham stimulation. Effects of taVNS on release of inflammatory cytokines, intestinal function, and vital parameters will be analyzed. DISCUSSION TaVNS is well-tolerated, with little to no side effects. Despite not fully mimicking postoperative inflammation, LPS challenge is the most used experimental tool to imitate SIRS and offers standardization and reproducibility. The restriction to healthy male volunteers exerts a certain bias limiting generalizability to the surgical population. Still, this pilot study aims to give first insights into taVNS as a prophylactic treatment in postoperative inflammation to pave the way for further clinical trials in patients at risk for SIRS. This would have major implications for future therapeutic approaches.
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[Systemic inflammation, "sickness behavior" and expectations : What role do expectations play in inflammation-associated symptoms?]. Schmerz 2021; 36:166-171. [PMID: 34714400 PMCID: PMC9156479 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-021-00602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Systemische Entzündungsprozesse gehen mit unspezifischen körperlichen und psychischen Krankheitssymptomen einher, darunter Schmerz und affektbezogene Symptome. Diese immunvermittelten Symptome („Sickness Behavior“) beruhen auf der zentralnervösen Wirkung von Immunbotenstoffen wie proinflammatorischen Zytokinen und vermitteln bei akuten Entzündungsreaktionen, etwa nach einer Impfung oder Verletzung, ein adaptives Schonverhalten. Bei chronischen Entzündungsprozessen können die Symptome des Sickness Behavior jedoch zu Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität führen und zur Komorbidität bei chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen beitragen. Trotz der hohen klinischen Relevanz des Sickness Behavior wurden bisher psychologische Ansätze zur Modulation der immunvermittelten Sickness-Symptome kaum untersucht. Einen Ansatz könnte die Nutzung von Erwartungseffekten bieten, da positive und negative Erwartungen (Placebo- bzw. Nocebo-Effekte) nachweislich einen Einfluss auf Schmerz und affektbezogene Symptome haben. Ziel der Arbeit In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die immunologischen und psychobiologischen Faktoren, die zu Schmerz im Kontext des Sickness Behavior beitragen, zusammengefasst. Aufbauend wird diskutiert, wie durch positive und negative Erwartungen Sickness-Symptome beeinflusst werden können und welche biologischen und psychologischen Mechanismen dabei involviert sind. Ziel ist es, potenzielle Ansatzpunkte zur Optimierung von Erwartungen im Kontext immunvermittelter Sickness-Symptome zu identifizieren. Perspektivisch lassen sich darauf aufbauend Interventionen entwickeln, um diese Symptome zu reduzieren sowie die Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen von immunassoziierten Therapien durch gezielte Erwartungsinduktionen im Rahmen der Kommunikation mit Patient:innen positiv zu beeinflussen.
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14
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Buters TP, Hameeteman PW, Jansen IME, van Hindevoort FC, Ten Voorde W, Florencia E, Osse M, de Kam ML, Grievink HW, Schoonakker M, Patel AA, Yona S, Gilroy DW, Lubberts E, Damman J, Feiss G, Rissmann R, Jansen MAA, Burggraaf J, Moerland M. Intradermal lipopolysaccharide challenge as an acute in vivo inflammatory model in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:680-690. [PMID: 34293819 PMCID: PMC9290695 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Whereas intravenous administration of Toll‐like receptor 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to human volunteers is frequently used in clinical pharmacology studies, systemic use of LPS has practical limitations. We aimed to characterize the intradermal LPS response in healthy volunteers, and as such qualify the method as local inflammation model for clinical pharmacology studies. Methods Eighteen healthy male volunteers received 2 or 4 intradermal 5 ng LPS injections and 1 saline injection on the forearms. The LPS response was evaluated by noninvasive (perfusion, skin temperature and erythema) and invasive assessments (cellular and cytokine responses) in skin biopsy and blister exudate. Results LPS elicited a visible response and returned to baseline at 48 hours. Erythema, perfusion and temperature were statistically significant (P < .0001) over a 24‐hour time course compared to saline. The protein response was dominated by an acute interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and tumour necrosis factor response followed by IL‐1β, IL‐10 and interferon‐γ. The cellular response consisted of an acute neutrophil influx followed by different monocyte subsets and dendritic cells. Discussion Intradermal LPS administration in humans causes an acute, localized and transient inflammatory reaction that is well‐tolerated by healthy volunteers. This may be a valuable inflammation model for evaluating the pharmacological activity of anti‐inflammatory investigational compounds in proof of pharmacology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Buters
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wouter Ten Voorde
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Florencia
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Osse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Amit A Patel
- Department Experimental & Translational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Yona
- Department Experimental & Translational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Department Experimental & Translational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Damman
- Department of Pathology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Feiss
- Cutanea Life Sciences, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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15
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Hannon G, Prina-Mello A. Endotoxin contamination of engineered nanomaterials: Overcoming the hurdles associated with endotoxin testing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1738. [PMID: 34254460 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are highly susceptible to endotoxin contamination due their large surface-to-volume ratios and endotoxins propensity to associate readily to hydrophobic and cationic surfaces. Additionally, the stability of endotoxin ensures it cannot be removed efficiently through conventional sterilization techniques such as autoclaving and ionizing radiation. In recent times, the true significance of this hurdle has come to light with multiple reports from the United States Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, in particular, along with our own experiences of endotoxin testing from multiple Horizon 2020-funded projects which highlight the importance of this issue for the clinical translation of nanomaterials. Herein, we provide an overview on the topic of endotoxin contamination of nanomaterials intended for biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hannon
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Xie L, Wu Y, Zhou C, Tan Z, Xu H, Chen G, Chen H, Huang G, Fan H, Gao L, Liu B, Zhou Y. Piceatannol protects against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via direct inhibition of JAK2. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107639. [PMID: 34162128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) represents one of the serious complications secondary to sepsis, which is a leading cause of the high mortality rate among septic cases. Subsequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis, together with the uncontrolled inflammatory response, has been suggested to be closely related to SIMD. Piceatannol (PIC) is verified with potent anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, but its function and molecular mechanism in SIMD remain unknown so far. This study aimed to explore the potential role and mechanism of action of PIC in resisting SIMD. The interaction of PIC with JAK2 proteins was evaluated by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). The cecal ligation and puncture-induced septicemia mice and the LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes were prepared as the models in vivo and in vitro, separately. Molecular docking showed that JAK2-PIC complex had the -8.279 kcal/mol binding energy. MD simulations showed that JAK2-PIC binding was stable. SPRi analysis also showed that PIC has a strong binding affinity to JAK2. PIC treatment significantly ameliorated the cardiac function, attenuated the sepsis-induced myocardial loss, and suppressed the myocardial inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Further detection revealed that PIC inhibited the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling, which was tightly associated with apoptosis and inflammation. Importantly, pre-incubation with a JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) partially blocked the cardioprotective effects of PIC. Collectively, the findings demonstrated that PIC restored the impaired cardiac function by attenuating the sepsis-induced apoptosis and inflammation via suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 pathway both in septic mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhangbin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guiqiong Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Huijie Fan
- TCM Health Construction Department of Yangjiang People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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17
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Pecchiari M, Pontikis K, Alevrakis E, Vasileiadis I, Kompoti M, Koutsoukou A. Cardiovascular Responses During Sepsis. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1605-1652. [PMID: 33792902 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the life-threatening organ dysfunction arising from a dysregulated host response to infection. Although the specific mechanisms leading to organ dysfunction are still debated, impaired tissue oxygenation appears to play a major role, and concomitant hemodynamic alterations are invariably present. The hemodynamic phenotype of affected individuals is highly variable for reasons that have been partially elucidated. Indeed, each patient's circulatory condition is shaped by the complex interplay between the medical history, the volemic status, the interval from disease onset, the pathogen, the site of infection, and the attempted resuscitation. Moreover, the same hemodynamic pattern can be generated by different combinations of various pathophysiological processes, so the presence of a given hemodynamic pattern cannot be directly related to a unique cluster of alterations. Research based on endotoxin administration to healthy volunteers and animal models compensate, to an extent, for the scarcity of clinical studies on the evolution of sepsis hemodynamics. Their results, however, cannot be directly extrapolated to the clinical setting, due to fundamental differences between the septic patient, the healthy volunteer, and the experimental model. Numerous microcirculatory derangements might exist in the septic host, even in the presence of a preserved macrocirculation. This dissociation between the macro- and the microcirculation might account for the limited success of therapeutic interventions targeting typical hemodynamic parameters, such as arterial and cardiac filling pressures, and cardiac output. Finally, physiological studies point to an early contribution of cardiac dysfunction to the septic phenotype, however, our defective diagnostic tools preclude its clinical recognition. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1605-1652, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pecchiari
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Pontikis
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Alevrakis
- 4th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vasileiadis
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kompoti
- Intensive Care Unit, Thriassio General Hospital of Eleusis, Magoula, Greece
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
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18
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Participation of Monocyte Subpopulations in Progression of Experimental Endotoxemia (EE) and Systemic Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:1762584. [PMID: 33628841 PMCID: PMC7895567 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1762584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in formation of various pathological conditions, including sepsis, burns, and traumas. The main effector cells participating in progression of systemic inflammation response and sepsis are monocytes, which regulate both innate and acquired immunity via phagocytosis, synthesis of cytokines and chemokines, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation. Thus, the monocytes are considered as a link between innate and acquired immunity. The monocyte subpopulations taken into consideration in the study essentially determine the progression of systemic inflammation and could serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. The complexity of the analysis of pathophysiology of systemic inflammation lies in its high variability conditioned by individual peculiarities of the patients and inflammation progression specifications. To overcome these limitation, model of experimental endotoxemia (EE) is used. The results of EE, in turn, cannot be directly extrapolated on patients with the systemic inflammatory response. This review is dedicated to discussing the role of monocyte subpopulations in progression of systemic inflammation/sepsis and EE.
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19
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Van Eldik LJ, Sawaki L, Bowen K, Laskowitz DT, Noveck RJ, Hauser B, Jordan L, Spears TG, Wu H, Watt K, Raja S, Roy SM, Watterson DM, Guptill JT. First-in-Human Studies of MW01-6-189WH, a Brain-Penetrant, Antineuroinflammatory Small-Molecule Drug Candidate: Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Studies in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 10:131-143. [PMID: 32255549 PMCID: PMC7541708 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MW01‐6‐189WH (MW189) is a novel central nervous system–penetrant small‐molecule drug candidate that selectively attenuates stressor‐induced proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and is efficacious in intracerebral hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury animal models. We report first‐in‐human, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 studies to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single and multiple ascending intravenous doses of MW189 in healthy adult volunteers. MW189 was safe and well tolerated in single and multiple doses up to 0.25 mg/kg, with no clinically significant concerns. The most common drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse event was infusion‐site reactions, likely related to drug solution acidity. No clinically concerning changes were seen in vital signs, electrocardiograms, physical or neurological examinations, or safety laboratory results. PK analysis showed dose‐proportional increases in plasma concentrations of MW189 after single or multiple doses, with approximately linear kinetics and no significant drug accumulation. Steady state was achieved by dose 3 for all dosing cohorts. A pilot pharmacodynamic study administering low‐dose endotoxin to induce a systemic inflammatory response was done to evaluate the effects of a single intravenous dose of MW189 on plasma cytokine levels. MW189 treatment resulted in lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α and higher levels of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 compared with placebo treatment. The outcomes are consistent with the pharmacological mechanism of MW189. Overall, the safety profile, PK properties, and pharmacodynamic effect support further development of MW189 for patients with acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Lumy Sawaki
- Department of Physical Medicine & RehabilitationUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Karen Bowen
- Bluegrass Research Consultants, Inc.VersaillesKentuckyUSA
| | - Daniel T. Laskowitz
- Department of NeurologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Byron Hauser
- Duke Early Phase Clinical Research UnitDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lynn Jordan
- Duke Early Phase Clinical Research UnitDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Huali Wu
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kevin Watt
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shruti Raja
- Department of NeurologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Early Phase Clinical Research UnitDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey T. Guptill
- Department of NeurologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Early Phase Clinical Research UnitDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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20
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Long-Term Effects of Experimental Human Endotoxemia on Immune Cell Function: Similarities and Differences With Sepsis. Shock 2019; 51:678-689. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Woelfer M, Kasties V, Kahlfuss S, Walter M. The Role of Depressive Subtypes within the Neuroinflammation Hypothesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Neuroscience 2019; 403:93-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Challenges of using lipopolysaccharides for cancer immunotherapy and potential delivery-based solutions thereto. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:165-187. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the earliest Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based cancer immunotherapeutics discovered and investigated, the full extent of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentials within this arena remains hitherto unexploited. In this review, we will debate the challenges that have complicated the improvement of LPS-based immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Based on their nature, those will be discussed with a focus on side effect-related, tolerance-related and in vivo model-related challenges. We will then explore how drug delivery strategies can be integrated within this domain to address such challenges in order to improve the therapeutic outcome, and will present a summary of the studies that have been dedicated thereto. This paper may inspire further developments based on reconciling the advantages of drug delivery and LPS-based cancer immunotherapy.
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23
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Kiers D, Leijte GP, Gerretsen J, Zwaag J, Kox M, Pickkers P. Comparison of different lots of endotoxin and evaluation of in vivo potency over time in the experimental human endotoxemia model. Innate Immun 2019; 25:34-45. [PMID: 30782041 PMCID: PMC6830888 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918819754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental human endotoxemia model is used to study the systemic inflammatory response in vivo. The previously used lot of endotoxin, which was used for over a decade, is no longer approved for human use and a new Good Manufacturing Practices-grade batch has become available. We compared the inflammatory response induced by either bolus or continuous administration of either the previously used lot #1188844 or new lots of endotoxin (#94332B1 and #94332B4). Compared with lot #1188844, bolus administration of lot #94332B1 induced a more pronounced systemic inflammatory response including higher plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and more pronounced clinical signs of inflammation. In contrast, continuous infusion of lot #94332B4 resulted in a slightly less pronounced inflammatory response compared with lot #1188844. Furthermore, we evaluated whether lot #1188844 displayed in vivo potency loss by reviewing inflammatory parameters obtained from 17 endotoxemia studies performed in our centre between 2007 and 2016. Despite inter-study variability in endotoxemia-induced effects on temperature, heart rate, symptoms, and leukocyte counts, the magnitude of these effects did not decrease over time. In conclusion, although all lots of endotoxin induce a pronounced inflammatory response, the magnitude differs between lots. We observed no potency loss of endotoxin over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Kiers
- Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University
Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally to this work (shared first
authorship)
| | - Guus P. Leijte
- Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University
Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally to this work (shared first
authorship)
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University
Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Zwaag
- Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University
Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University
Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University
Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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24
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van Grinsven E, Textor J, Hustin LSP, Wolf K, Koenderman L, Vrisekoop N. Immature Neutrophils Released in Acute Inflammation Exhibit Efficient Migration despite Incomplete Segmentation of the Nucleus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:207-217. [PMID: 30504419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation recruits neutrophils with a band-shaped nucleus to the circulation. This neutrophil population was recently shown to have superior antibacterial capacity. Early recruitment of banded neutrophils to an infection site will likely improve the outcome of the immune response, yet it critically depends on efficient migration. However, the current dogma states that the segmentation of the mature neutrophil nucleus has evolved to favor migration through narrow pores as found between endothelial cells and in the interstitium. Therefore, we hypothesized that banded neutrophils migrate less efficiently than neutrophils with segmented nuclei, whereas recently described neutrophils with hypersegmented nuclei would in turn migrate more efficiently. Acute inflammation was evoked in a human model of experimental endotoxemia to recruit neutrophil subsets with different nuclear segmentation to the circulation. To simulate migration toward an infection site, migration of the subsets was studied in in vitro models of transendothelial migration or interstitial chemokinesis and chemotaxis. In both models, nuclear segmentation did not increase migration speed. In dense collagen matrices, the speed of the hypersegmented neutrophils was even reduced compared with the banded neutrophils. Fluorescence microscopy suggested that the hypersegmented neutrophils displayed reduced rear release and deposited more membrane vesicles. Vice versa, migration through narrow pores did not induce nuclear segmentation in the neutrophils. In conclusion, like neutrophils with a segmented nucleus, the banded subset exhibited efficient migration through narrow pores. These findings suggest that the nucleus does not preclude the banded subset from reaching an infection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinke van Grinsven
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Lucie S P Hustin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Katarina Wolf
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands; .,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
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25
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Lasselin J, Petrovic P, Olsson MJ, Paues Göranson S, Lekander M, Jensen KB, Axelsson J. Sickness behavior is not all about the immune response: Possible roles of expectations and prediction errors in the worry of being sick. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:213-221. [PMID: 30217536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People react very differently when sick, and there are only poor correlations between the intensity of the immune response and sickness behavior. Yet, alternative predictors of the individual differences in sickness are under-investigated. Based on the predictive coding model of placebo responses, where health outcomes are function of bottom-up sensory information and top-down expectancies, we hypothesized that individual differences in behavioral changes during sickness could be explained by individual top-down expectancies and prediction errors. METHODS Twenty-two healthy participants were made sick by intravenously administering lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/kg body weight). Their expectations of becoming sick were assessed before the injection. RESULTS Participants having lower expectations of becoming sick before the injection reacted with more emotional distress (i.e., more negative affect and lower emotional arousal) than those with high expectations of becoming sick, despite having similar overall sickness behavior (i.e., a combined factor including fatigue, pain, nausea and social withdrawal). In keeping with a predictive coding model, the "prediction error signal", i.e., the discrepancy between the immune signal and sickness expectancy, predicted emotional distress (reduction in emotional arousal in particular). CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that the emotional component of sickness behavior is, at least partly, shaped by top-down expectations. Helping patients having a realistic expectation of symptoms during treatment of an illness may thus reduce aggravated emotional responses, and ultimately improve patients' quality of life and treatment compliance. REGISTRATION: "Endotoxin-induced Inflammatory and Behavioral Responses and Predictors of Individual Differences", https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02529592, registration number: NCT02529592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lasselin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats J Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie Paues Göranson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Geven C, van Lier D, Blet A, Peelen R, ten Elzen B, Mebazaa A, Kox M, Pickkers P. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of the adrenomedullin antibody adrecizumab in a first-in-human study and during experimental human endotoxaemia in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2129-2141. [PMID: 29856470 PMCID: PMC6089825 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adrenomedullin (ADM) is an important regulator of endothelial barrier function and vascular tone, and may represent a novel treatment target in sepsis. The non-neutralizing ADM antibody adrecizumab has shown promising results in preclinical sepsis models. In the present study, we investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics of adrecizumab in a first-in-man study and in a second study during experimental human endotoxaemia. METHODS Forty-eight healthy male volunteers were enrolled in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I studies. In both studies, subjects received placebo or one of three doses of adrecizumab (n = 6 per group). In the second study, a bolus of 1 ng kg-1 endotoxin was followed by infusion of 1 ng kg-1 h-1 endotoxin for 3 h to induce systemic inflammation, and the study medication infusion started 1 h after endotoxin bolus administration. RESULTS Adrecizumab showed an excellent safety profile in both studies. PK analyses showed proportional increases in the maximum plasma concentration of adrecizumab with increasing doses, a small volume of distribution, a low clearance rate and a terminal half-life of ~14 days. adrecizumab elicited a pronounced increase in plasma ADM levels, whereas levels of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin remained unchanged, indicating that de novo synthesis of ADM was not influenced. In the second study, no effects of adrecizumab on cytokine clearance were observed, whereas endotoxin-induced flu-like symptoms resolved more rapidly. CONCLUSIONS Administration of adrecizumab is safe and well tolerated in humans, both in the absence and presence of systemic inflammation. These findings pave the way for further investigation of adrecizumab in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Geven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterHP: 710, PO Box 91016500HBNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk van Lier
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterHP: 710, PO Box 91016500HBNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alice Blet
- Department of Anesthesia, Burn and Critical CareUniversity Hospitals Saint‐Louis – Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
- UMR‐S 942, InsermParisFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Diderot UniversityParisFrance
| | - Roel Peelen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterHP: 710, PO Box 91016500HBNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Bas ten Elzen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterHP: 710, PO Box 91016500HBNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anesthesia, Burn and Critical CareUniversity Hospitals Saint‐Louis – Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
- UMR‐S 942, InsermParisFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Diderot UniversityParisFrance
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterHP: 710, PO Box 91016500HBNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterHP: 710, PO Box 91016500HBNijmegenThe Netherlands
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27
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Experimental human endotoxemia as a model of systemic inflammation. Biochimie 2018; 159:99-106. [PMID: 29936295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in a multitude of conditions, including sepsis, trauma, major surgery and burns. However, comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiology underlying this systemic inflammatory response is greatly complicated by variations in the immune response observed in critically ill patients, which is a result of inter-individual differences in comorbidity, comedication, source of infection, causative pathogen, and onset of the inflammatory response. During experimental human endotoxemia, human subjects are challenged with purified endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) intravenously which induces a short-lived, well-tolerated and controlled systemic inflammatory response, similar to that observed during sepsis. The human endotoxemia model can be conducted in a highly standardized and reproducible manner, using a carefully selected homogenous study population. As such, the experimental human endotoxemia model does not share the aforementioned clinical limitations and enables us to investigate both the mechanisms of systemic inflammation, as well as to evaluate novel (pharmacological) interventions in humans in vivo. The present review provides a detailed overview of the various designs, organ-specific changes, and strengths and limitations of the experimental human endotoxemia model, with the main focus on its use as a translational model for sepsis research.
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28
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Abstract
The number of spontaneous abortions continues to increase despite the new methods of diagnosis and treatment. A total of 15%–23% of confirmed pregnancies end in spontaneous miscarriages. Of the causes of reproductive losses, approximately 7% are chromosomal abnormalities, and the remaining are conditionally preventable.
This article discusses the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of miscarriage. Focus on this issue and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases may be a primary way to prevent early reproductive losses.
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29
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Jia L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Shen J, Fu Z, Wu Y, Su S, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Wang J, Xiang M. Heme Oxygenase-1 in Macrophages Drives Septic Cardiac Dysfunction via Suppressing Lysosomal Degradation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Circ Res 2018; 122:1532-1544. [PMID: 29669713 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE To date, our understanding of the role of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) in inflammatory diseases has mostly been limited to its catalytic function and the potential for its heme-related catabolic products to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress. Whether and how HO-1 in macrophages plays a role in the development of septic cardiac dysfunction has never been explored. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-derived HO-1 in septic cardiac dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide significantly activated HO-1 expression in cardiac infiltrated macrophages. Surprisingly, we found that myeloid conditional HO-1 deletion in mice evoked resistance to lipopolysaccharide-triggered septic cardiac dysfunction and lethality in vivo, which was accompanied by reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the septic hearts and decreased peroxynitrite production and iNOS (inducible NO synthase) in the cardiac infiltrated macrophages, whereas proinflammatory cytokine production and macrophage infiltration were unaltered. We further demonstrated that HO-1 suppression abolished the lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS protein rather than mRNA expression in macrophages. Moreover, we confirmed that the inhibition of HO-1 promoted iNOS degradation through a lysosomal rather than proteasomal pathway in macrophages. Suppression of the lysosomal degradation of iNOS by bafilomycin A1 drove septic cardiac dysfunction in myeloid HO-1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that HO-1 interacted with iNOS at the flavin mononucleotide domain, which further prevented iNOS conjugation with LC3 (light chain 3) and subsequent lysosomal degradation in macrophages. These effects were independent of HO-1's catabolic products: ferrous ion, carbon monoxide, and bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HO-1 in macrophages drives septic cardiac dysfunction. The mechanistic insights provide potential therapeutic targets to treat septic cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Jia
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuankun Ma
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zurong Fu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng'an Su
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Peters AL, Vlaar APJ, van Bruggen R, de Korte D, Meijers JCM, Nieuwland R, Juffermans NP. Transfusion of autologous extracellular vesicles from stored red blood cells does not affect coagulation in a model of human endotoxemia. Transfusion 2018; 58:1486-1493. [PMID: 29577324 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion has been related to thromboembolic events. Microvesicles in the RBC product may support coagulation because they have procoagulant effects in vitro. We investigated whether transfusion of RBCs containing extracellular vesicles promotes coagulation in human recipients. As transfusion is mostly administered to ill patients, we used a model of endotoxemia. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either saline or fresh (2 days stored) or stored autologous (35 days stored) RBC transfusion (Dutch Trial Register: NTR4455). Two hours after infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli, 2 ng/kg body weight), subjects received either saline or fresh or stored RBCs. Blood was sampled every 2 hours up to 8 hours after LPS infusion. Vesicles were measured with a flow cytometer (A50-Micro, Apogee Flow Systems). RESULTS LPS resulted in increased thrombin generation compared to baseline. During storage, the total number of extracellular vesicles increased from 1.4 × 108 /mL (interquartile range [IQR], 8.3 × 107 -1.9 × 108 /mL) in the fresh product to 1.7 × 1010 /mL (IQR, 7.9 × 109 -2.3 × 1010 /mL; p < 0.01) in the stored product (p < 0.001). Vesicles appeared to be mostly RBC derived. CONCLUSION After transfusion, extracellular vesicles from stored RBC products, but not from fresh products, could be detected in the circulation of healthy volunteers. However, infusion of stored RBC extracellular vesicles did not augment thrombin generation compared to endotoxemic controls. Also, levels of d-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin complex were unaffected. In conclusion, transfusion of autologous RBCs containing high levels of extracellular vesicles does not enhance coagulation in human volunteers with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory for Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Chousterman BG, Swirski FK, Weber GF. Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:517-528. [PMID: 28555385 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome related to the host response to infection. The severity of infections is due to an activation cascade that will lead to an autoamplifying cytokine production: the cytokine storm. Cytokines are a broad category of relatively small proteins (<40 kDa) that are produced and released with the aim of cell signaling. Our understanding of the processes that trigger this tremendous amount of cytokine production has made dramatic progress over the last decades, but unfortunately, these findings could not translate yet into effective treatments; so far, all clinical trials targeting cytokine production or effects failed. This review aims to summarize the pathophysiology of the cytokine storm; to describe the type, effects, and kinetics of cytokine production; and to discuss the therapeutic challenges of targeting cytokines. New promising therapeutic strategies focusing on the endothelium, as a source and a target of cytokines, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Chousterman
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Inserm U1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Peters AL, Gerritsen MG, Brinkman P, Zwinderman KAH, Vlaar APJ, Bos LD. Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath are independent of systemic inflammatory syndrome caused by intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion in humans: results from an experiment in healthy volunteers. J Breath Res 2017; 11:026003. [PMID: 28397711 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is observed during critical illness in most patients. It is defined by a clinical definition. The composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath may change during SIRS and may thus serve as a diagnostic tool. We investigated whether exhaled breath VOCs can serve as biomarker for SIRS in a human model of endotoxemia. Eighteen healthy volunteers received 2 ng Eschericia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) kg-1 body weight intravenously. Venous blood and exhaled breath were collected before infusion of LPS and every 2 h thereafter, up to 8 h after infusion. The interleukin (IL)-6 concentration was measured in plasma. VOCs in the exhaled breath were measured by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A mixed effects model was fitted to examine the relation between the measured compounds in exhaled breath and time after LPS infusion or IL-6 levels in plasma. Partially-least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to investigate whether we could discriminate between samples collected before and after LPS infusion. The exhaled concentrations of 3-methyl-pentane, 4-methyl-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2,4-dimethyl-heptane, decane and one unknown compound changed after LPS infusion. However, the false-discovery rate was 43% for the total set of 52 compounds that were present in all samples. Of these VOCs only the unknown compound was associated with systemic levels of IL-6. The PLS-DA algorithm resulted in a moderate discriminatory accuracy. SIRS induced by endotoxemia in human volunteers resulted in minor changes in exhaled VOCs. We therefore conclude that LPS infusion in healthy volunteers does not induce metabolic effects that can be detected through VOC analysis of the exhaled breath. This trial is registered at the Dutch Trial Register: NTR4455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Peters
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Novakovic B, Habibi E, Wang SY, Arts RJW, Davar R, Megchelenbrink W, Kim B, Kuznetsova T, Kox M, Zwaag J, Matarese F, van Heeringen SJ, Janssen-Megens EM, Sharifi N, Wang C, Keramati F, Schoonenberg V, Flicek P, Clarke L, Pickkers P, Heath S, Gut I, Netea MG, Martens JHA, Logie C, Stunnenberg HG. β-Glucan Reverses the Epigenetic State of LPS-Induced Immunological Tolerance. Cell 2017; 167:1354-1368.e14. [PMID: 27863248 PMCID: PMC5927328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune memory is the phenomenon whereby innate immune cells such as monocytes or macrophages undergo functional reprogramming after exposure to microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We apply an integrated epigenomic approach to characterize the molecular events involved in LPS-induced tolerance in a time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, LPS-treated monocytes fail to accumulate active histone marks at promoter and enhancers of genes in the lipid metabolism and phagocytic pathways. Transcriptional inactivity in response to a second LPS exposure in tolerized macrophages is accompanied by failure to deposit active histone marks at promoters of tolerized genes. In contrast, β-glucan partially reverses the LPS-induced tolerance in vitro. Importantly, ex vivo β-glucan treatment of monocytes from volunteers with experimental endotoxemia re-instates their capacity for cytokine production. Tolerance is reversed at the level of distal element histone modification and transcriptional reactivation of otherwise unresponsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Novakovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shuang-Yin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robab Davar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wout Megchelenbrink
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bowon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tatyana Kuznetsova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Zwaag
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Filomena Matarese
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon J van Heeringen
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva M Janssen-Megens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nilofar Sharifi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Farid Keramati
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivien Schoonenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Heath
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Logie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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34
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Intravenous lipid emulsions in pediatric patients with intestinal failure. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 22:142-148. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Kiers D, Koch RM, Hamers L, Gerretsen J, Thijs EJM, van Ede L, Riksen NP, Kox M, Pickkers P. Characterization of a model of systemic inflammation in humans in vivo elicited by continuous infusion of endotoxin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40149. [PMID: 28054645 PMCID: PMC5215288 DOI: 10.1038/srep40149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the systemic inflammatory response in patients with critical illness such as sepsis, trauma and burns is complicated due to uncertainties about the onset, duration and severity of the insult. Therefore, in vivo models of inflammation are essential to study the pathophysiology and to evaluate immunomodulatory therapies. Intravenous bolus administration of endotoxin to healthy volunteers is a well-established model of a short-lived systemic inflammatory response, characterized by increased plasma cytokine levels, flu-like symptoms and fever. In contrast, patients suffering from systemic inflammation are often exposed to inflammatory stimuli for an extended period of time. Therefore, continuous infusion of endotoxin may better reflect the kinetics of the inflammatory response encountered in these patients. Herein, we characterize a novel model of systemic inflammation elicited by a bolus infusion of 1 ng/kg, followed by a 3hr continuous infusion of 1 ng/kg/h of endotoxin in healthy volunteers, and compared it with models of bolus administrations of 1 and 2 ng/kg of endotoxin. The novel model was well-tolerated and resulted in a more pronounced increase in plasma cytokine levels with different kinetics and more prolonged symptoms and fever compared with the bolus-only models. Therefore, the continuous endotoxin infusion model provides novel insights into kinetics of the inflammatory response during continuous inflammatory stimuli and accommodates a larger time window to evaluate immunomodulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kiers
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R M Koch
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Hamers
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Gerretsen
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E J M Thijs
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L van Ede
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N P Riksen
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Kox
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Pickkers
- Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Peters AL, Kunanayagam RK, van Bruggen R, de Korte D, Juffermans NP, Vlaar APJ. Transfusion of 35-day stored red blood cells does not result in increase of plasma non-transferrin bound iron in human endotoxemia. Transfusion 2016; 57:53-59. [PMID: 27696454 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion of a single unit of stored red blood cells (RBCs) has been hypothesized to induce supra-physiological levels of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), which may enhance inflammation and act as a nutrient for bacteria. We investigated the relation between RBC storage time and iron levels in a clinically relevant "two-hit" human transfusion model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen healthy male volunteers (ages 18-35 years) were infused with 2 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg to induce systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Two hours later, each participant received either 1 unit of 2-day stored (2D) autologous RBCs, 35-day stored (35D) autologous RBCs, or an equal volume of saline. Every 2 hours up to 8 hours after LPS infusion, hemoglobin, hemolysis parameters, and iron parameters, including NTBI, were measured. RESULTS Transfusion of both 2D and 35D RBCs caused increases in hemoglobin, plasma iron, and transferrin saturation; whereas levels remained stable in the saline group. Transfusion of 35D RBCs did not result in hemolysis nor did it lead to increased levels of NTBI compared with 2D RBCs or saline. LPS induced increases in ferritin, haptoglobin, bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase that were similar in all three groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that 35D autologous RBCs do not cause hemolysis or increased levels of NTBI during human endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Academic Medical Center.,Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center
| | - Renoja K Kunanayagam
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Academic Medical Center.,Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center
| | | | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research.,Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Academic Medical Center.,Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Academic Medical Center.,Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center
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37
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Lasselin J, Elsenbruch S, Lekander M, Axelsson J, Karshikoff B, Grigoleit JS, Engler H, Schedlowski M, Benson S. Mood disturbance during experimental endotoxemia: Predictors of state anxiety as a psychological component of sickness behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:30-37. [PMID: 26790758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration is a well-established model to assess afferent immune-to-brain communication and behavioral aspects of inflammation. Nevertheless, only few studies in comparatively small samples have assessed state anxiety as a psychological component of sickness behavior despite possible clinical implications for the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, the goal of the present analyses carried out in a large, pooled dataset from two independent study sites was to analyze the state anxiety response to LPS administration and to investigate predictors (i.e., cytokine changes; pre-existing anxiety and depression symptoms assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) of the LPS-induced state anxiety changes at different time points after LPS administration. Data from 186 healthy volunteers who participated in one of six randomized, placebo-controlled human studies involving intravenous administration of LPS at doses of 0.4-0.8ng/kg body weight were combined. State anxiety as well as circulating interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10 concentrations were significantly increased 2h and 3h after LPS administration, with a peak at 2h, and returned to baseline 6h after administration. Greater changes in IL-6 from baseline to 3h after LPS administration significantly and independently predicted a more pronounced LPS-induced state anxiety response. In addition, higher pre-existing subclinical anxiety symptoms significantly predicted a lower increase in state anxiety 3h and 6h after LPS-administration, which was mediated by TNF-α changes. In conclusion, our findings give additional support for a putative role of inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of stress-related and anxiety disorders and give new insight on the potential role of pre-existing subclinical affective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lasselin
- Stockholm University, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stockholm University, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Stockholm University, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Stockholm University, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Sebastian Grigoleit
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
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Shattuck EC, Muehlenbein MP. Towards an integrative picture of human sickness behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:255-262. [PMID: 27165989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickness behavior, a coordinated set of behavioral changes during infection and elicited by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), is well studied in non-human animals. Over the last two decades, several papers have expanded this research to include humans. However, these studies use a variety of research designs, and typically focus on a single cytokine and only a few of the many behavioral changes constituting sickness behavior. Therefore, our understanding of human sickness behavior remains equivocal. To generate a more holistic, integrative picture of this phenomenon, a meta-analysis of the human sickness behavior literature was conducted. Full model results show that both IL-6 and IL-1β have significant relationships with sickness behavior, and the strength of these relationships is affected by a number of study parameters, such as type of immune stimulus and inclusion of controls. In addition to research design heterogeneity, other issues to address in future studies include an unequal focus on different cytokines and different sickness behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Shattuck
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Medicine, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Michael P Muehlenbein
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Medicine, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Lekander M, Karshikoff B, Johansson E, Soop A, Fransson P, Lundström JN, Andreasson A, Ingvar M, Petrovic P, Axelsson J, Nilsonne G. Intrinsic functional connectivity of insular cortex and symptoms of sickness during acute experimental inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:34-41. [PMID: 26732827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Task-based fMRI has been used to study the effects of experimental inflammation on the human brain, but it remains unknown whether intrinsic connectivity in the brain at rest changes during a sickness response. Here, we investigated the effect of experimental inflammation on connectivity between areas relevant for monitoring of bodily states, motivation, and subjective symptoms of sickness. In a double-blind randomized controlled experiment, 52 healthy volunteers were injected with 0.6ng/kg LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or placebo, and participated in a resting state fMRI experiment after approximately 2h 45min. Resting state fMRI data were available from 48 participants, of which 28 received LPS and 20 received placebo. Bilateral anterior and bilateral posterior insula sections were used as seed regions and connectivity with bilateral orbitofrontal and cingulate (anterior and middle) cortices was investigated. Back pain, headache and global sickness increased significantly after as compared to before LPS, while a non-significant trend was shown for increased nausea. Compared to placebo, LPS was followed by increased connectivity between left anterior insula and left midcingulate cortex. This connectivity was significantly correlated to increase in back pain after LPS and tended to be related to increased global sickness, but was not related to increased headache or nausea. LPS did not affect the connectivity from other insular seeds. In conclusion, the finding of increased functional connectivity between left anterior insula and middle cingulate cortex suggests a potential neurophysiological mechanism that can be further tested to understand the subjective feeling of malaise and discomfort during a sickness response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Johansson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Soop
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan N Lundström
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingvar
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Munford RS. Endotoxemia-menace, marker, or mistake? J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:687-698. [PMID: 27418356 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru0316-151r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is in its scientific ascendancy. Never has blood-borne, Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (LPS) been invoked in the pathogenesis of so many diseases-not only as a trigger for septic shock, once its most cited role, but also as a contributor to atherosclerosis, obesity, chronic fatigue, metabolic syndrome, and many other conditions. Finding elevated plasma endotoxin levels has been essential supporting evidence for each of these links, yet the assays used to detect and quantitate endotoxin have important limitations. This article describes several assays for endotoxin in plasma, reviews what they do and do not measure, and discusses why LPS heterogeneity, LPS trafficking pathways, and host LPS inactivation mechanisms should be considered when interpreting endotoxin assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Munford
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
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41
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Well-being and immune response: a multi-system perspective. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:34-41. [PMID: 27318753 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas it is well-established that inflammation and other immune responses can change how we feel, most people are still surprised to hear that, conversely, well-being and its violations also affect our immune system. Here we show that those effects are highly adaptive and bear potential for both research and therapeutic applications. The studies discussed in this review demonstrate that immunity is tuned by ones emotions, personality, and social status as well as by other life style variables like sleep, nutrition, obesity, or exercise. We further provide a short excursion on the effects of stress and depression on immunity and discuss acute experimental endotoxemia as a model to study the effects of well-being on the innate immune response in humans.
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Stoppelkamp S, Würschum N, Stang K, Löder J, Avci-Adali M, Toliashvili L, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Fennrich S. Speeding up pyrogenicity testing: Identification of suitable cell components and readout parameters for an accelerated monocyte activation test (MAT). Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:260-273. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Stoppelkamp
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Noriana Würschum
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Katharina Stang
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Jasmin Löder
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Leila Toliashvili
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Stefan Fennrich
- University Hospital Tuebingen; Clinic for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery; Calwerstr. 7/1 72076 Tuebingen Germany
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Physiologic variability at the verge of systemic inflammation: multiscale entropy of heart rate variability is affected by very low doses of endotoxin. Shock 2015; 43:133-9. [PMID: 25526373 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human injury or infection induces systemic inflammation with characteristic neuroendocrine responses. Fluctuations in autonomic function during inflammation are reflected by beat-to-beat variation in heart rate, termed heart rate variability (HRV). In the present study, we determine threshold doses of endotoxin needed to induce observable changes in markers of systemic inflammation, investigate whether metrics of HRV exhibit a differing threshold dose from other inflammatory markers, and investigate the size of data sets required for meaningful use of multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis of HRV. METHODS Healthy human volunteers (n = 25) were randomized to receive placebo (normal saline) or endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS): 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 ng/kg administered intravenously. Vital signs were recorded every 30 min for 6 h and then at 9, 12, and 24 h after LPS. Blood samples were drawn at specific time points for cytokine measurements. Heart rate variability analysis was performed using electrocardiogram epochs of 5 min. Multiscale entropy for HRV was calculated for all dose groups to scale factor 40. RESULTS The lowest significant threshold dose was noted in core temperature at 0.25 ng/kg. Endogenous tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 were significantly responsive at the next dosage level (0.5 ng/kg) along with elevations in circulating leukocytes and heart rate. Responses were exaggerated at higher doses (1 and 2 ng/kg). Time domain and frequency domain HRV metrics similarly suggested a threshold dose, differing from placebo at 1.0 and 2.0 ng/kg, below which no clear pattern in response was evident. By applying repeated-measures analysis of variance across scale factors, a significant decrease in MSE was seen at 1.0 and 2.0 ng/kg by 2 h after exposure to LPS. Although not statistically significant below 1.0 ng/kg, MSE unexpectedly decreased across all groups in an orderly dose-response pattern not seen in the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS By using repeated-measures analysis of variance across scale factors, MSE can detect autonomic change after LPS challenge in a group of 25 subjects using electrocardiogram epochs of only 5 min and entropy analysis to scale factor of only 40, potentially facilitating MSE's wider use as a research tool or bedside monitor. Traditional markers of inflammation generally exhibit threshold dose behavior. In contrast, MSE's apparent continuous dose-response pattern, although not statistically verifiable in this study, suggests a potential subclinical harbinger of infectious or other insult. The possible derangement of autonomic complexity prior to or independent of the cytokine surge cannot be ruled out. Future investigation should focus on confirmation of overt inflammation following observed decreases in MSE in a clinical setting.
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Hormone and Cytokine Responses to Repeated Endotoxin Exposures—No Evidence of Endotoxin Tolerance After 5 Weeks in Humans. Shock 2015; 44:32-5. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Kox M, van Eijk LT, Verhaak T, Frenzel T, Kiers HD, Gerretsen J, van der Hoeven JG, Kornet L, Scheiner A, Pickkers P. Transvenous vagus nerve stimulation does not modulate the innate immune response during experimental human endotoxemia: a randomized controlled study. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:150. [PMID: 26049730 PMCID: PMC4480894 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in various animal models of inflammation, including collagen-induced arthritis, and is implicated in representing a novel therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. However, evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of VNS in humans is very scarce. Transvenous VNS (tVNS) is a newly developed and less invasive method to stimulate the vagus nerve. In the present study, we determined whether tVNS is a feasible and safe procedure and investigated its putative anti-inflammatory effects during experimental human endotoxemia. METHODS We performed a randomized double-blind sham-controlled study in healthy male volunteers. A stimulation catheter was inserted in the left internal jugular vein at spinal level C5-C7, adjacent to the vagus nerve. In the tVNS group (n = 10), stimulation was continuously performed for 30 minutes (0-10 V, 1 ms, 20 Hz), starting 10 minutes before intravenous administration of 2 ng kg(-1) Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sham-instrumented subjects (n = 10) received no electrical stimulation. RESULTS No serious adverse events occurred throughout the study. In the tVNS group, stimulation of the vagus nerve was achieved as indicated by laryngeal vibration. Endotoxemia resulted in fever, flu-like symptoms, and hemodynamic changes that were unaffected by tVNS. Furthermore, plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines increased sharply during endotoxemia, but responses were similar between groups. Finally, cytokine production by leukocytes stimulated with LPS ex vivo, as well as neutrophil phagocytosis capacity, were not influenced by tVNS. CONCLUSIONS tVNS is feasible and safe, but does not modulate the innate immune response in humans in vivo during experimental human endotoxemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01944228. Registered 12 September 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lucas T van Eijk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Verhaak
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Frenzel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harmke D Kiers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes G van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lilian Kornet
- Medtronic Inc., Endepolsdomein 5, 6229, GW, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Avram Scheiner
- Medtronic Inc., 8200 Coral Sea St NE, Mounds View, MN, 55112, USA.
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Gamma-irradiated bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination does not modulate the innate immune response during experimental human endotoxemia in adult males. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:261864. [PMID: 25883989 PMCID: PMC4391613 DOI: 10.1155/2015/261864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine exerts nonspecific immunostimulatory effects and may therefore represent a novel therapeutic option to treat sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. We investigated whether BCG vaccination modulates the systemic innate immune response in humans in vivo during experimental endotoxemia. We used inactivated gamma-irradiated BCG vaccine because of the potential risk of disseminated disease with the live vaccine in immunoparalyzed patients. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, healthy male volunteers were vaccinated with gamma-irradiated BCG (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) and received 1 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously on day 5 after vaccination to assess the in vivo immune response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with various related and unrelated pathogens 5, 8 to 10, and 25 to 35 days after vaccination to assess ex vivo immune responses. BCG vaccination resulted in a scar in 90% of vaccinated subjects. LPS administration elicited a profound systemic immune response, characterized by increased levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, hemodynamic changes, and flu-like symptoms. However, BCG modulated neither this in vivo immune response, nor ex vivo leukocyte responses at any time point. In conclusion, gamma-irradiated BCG is unlikely to represent an effective treatment option to restore immunocompetence in patients with sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. This trial is registered with NCT02085590.
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Zielen S, Trischler J, Schubert R. Lipopolysaccharide challenge: immunological effects and safety in humans. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:409-18. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1012158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Grigoleit JS, Engler H, Schedlowski M. Experimental Human Endotoxemia, Sickness Behavior, and Neuropsychiatric Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Dorresteijn MJ, Paine A, Zilian E, Fenten MGE, Frenzel E, Janciauskiene S, Figueiredo C, Eiz-Vesper B, Blasczyk R, Dekker D, Pennings B, Scharstuhl A, Smits P, Larmann J, Theilmeier G, van der Hoeven JG, Wagener FADTG, Pickkers P, Immenschuh S. Cell-type-specific downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by lipopolysaccharide via Bach1 in primary human mononuclear cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:224-32. [PMID: 25463280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is the inducible isoform of the heme-degrading enzyme HO, which is upregulated by multiple stress stimuli. HO-1 has major immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via its cell-type-specific functions in mononuclear cells. Contradictory findings have been reported on HO-1 regulation by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in these cells. Therefore, we reinvestigated the effects of LPS on HO-1 gene expression in human and murine mononuclear cells in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, LPS downregulated HO-1 in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD14(+) monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes, but upregulated this enzyme in primary murine macrophages and human monocytic leukemia cell lines. Furthermore, experiments with human CD14(+) monocytes revealed that activation of other TLRs including TLR1, -2, -5, -6, -8, and -9 decreased HO-1 mRNA expression. LPS-dependent downregulation of HO-1 was specific, because expression of cyclooxygenase-2, NADP(H)-quinone oxidoreductase-1, and peroxiredoxin-1 was increased under the same experimental conditions. Notably, LPS upregulated expression of Bach1, a critical transcriptional repressor of HO-1. Moreover, knockdown of this nuclear factor enhanced basal and LPS-dependent HO-1 expression in mononuclear cells. Finally, downregulation of HO-1 in response to LPS was confirmed in PBMCs from human individuals subjected to experimental endotoxemia. In conclusion, LPS downregulates HO-1 expression in primary human mononuclear cells via a Bach1-mediated pathway. As LPS-dependent HO-1 regulation is cell-type- and species-specific, experimental findings in cell lines and animal models need careful interpretation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Down-Regulation
- Endotoxemia/drug therapy
- Endotoxemia/enzymology
- Endotoxemia/pathology
- Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins/genetics
- Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Mice
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/enzymology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirrin J Dorresteijn
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ananta Paine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Zilian
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maaike G E Fenten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eileen Frenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine-Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30635 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Internal Medicine-Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30635 Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Douwe Dekker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pennings
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin Scharstuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Smits
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Theilmeier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes G van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Nijmegen Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Nijmegen Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Human Endotoxin Administration as an Experimental Model in Drug Development. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:418-22. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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