1
|
Pitts SC, Schlom J, Donahue RN. Soluble immune checkpoints: implications for cancer prognosis and response to immune checkpoint therapy and conventional therapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:155. [PMID: 38822401 PMCID: PMC11141022 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal sampling of tumor tissue from patients with solid cancers, aside from melanoma and a few other cases, is often unfeasible, and thus may not capture the plasticity of interactions between the tumor and immune system under selective pressure of a given therapy. Peripheral blood analyses provide salient information about the human peripheral immunome while offering technical and practical advantages over traditional tumor biopsies, and should be utilized where possible alongside interrogation of the tumor. Some common blood-based biomarkers used to study the immune response include immune cell subsets, circulating tumor DNA, and protein analytes such as cytokines. With the recent explosion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as a modality of treatment in multiple cancer types, soluble immune checkpoints have become a relevant area of investigation for peripheral immune-based biomarkers. However, the exact functions of soluble immune checkpoints and their roles in cancer for the most part remain unclear. This review discusses current literature on the production, function, and expression of nine soluble immune checkpoints - sPD-L1, sPD-1, sCTLA4, sCD80, sTIM3, sLAG3, sB7-H3, sBTLA, and sHVEM - in patients with solid tumors, and explores their role as biomarkers of response to ICI as well as to conventional therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgery) in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Pitts
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou C, Balmer L, Song M, Wu K, Wang W, Wang H. CircPVT1 promotes migration and invasion by regulating miR-490-5p/HAVCR2 axis in osteosarcoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18269. [PMID: 38568056 PMCID: PMC10989635 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the progression of osteosarcoma. However, the precise function of circPVT1 in osteosarcoma remains elusive. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of circPVT1 in osteosarcoma cells. We quantified circPVT1 expression using qRT-PCR in both control and osteosarcoma cell lines. To investigate the roles of circPVT1, miR-490-5p and HAVCR2 in vitro, we separately conducted overexpression and inhibition experiments for circPVT1, miR-490-5p and HAVCR2 in HOS and U2OS cells. Cell migration was assessed through wound healing and transwell migration assays, and invasion was measured via the Matrigel invasion assay. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of circPVT1 in osteosarcoma, a comprehensive approach was employed, including fluorescence in situ hybridization, qRT-PCR, Western blot, bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter assay and rescue assay. CircPVT1 expression in osteosarcoma cell lines surpassed that in control cells. The depletion of circPVT1 resulted in a notable reduction in the in vitro migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanism experiments revealed that circPVT1 functioned as a miR-490-5p sequester, and directly targeted HAVCR2. Overexpression of miR-490-5p led to a significant attenuation of migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, whereas HAVCR2 overexpression had the opposite effect, promoting these abilities. Additionally, circPVT1 upregulated HAVCR2 expression via sequestering miR-490-5p, thereby orchestrating the migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. CircPVT1 orchestrates osteosarcoma migration and invasion by regulating the miR-490-5p/HAVCR2 axis, underscoring its potential as a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbin Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lois Balmer
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Manshu Song
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kezhou Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Minimally Invasive Spine CenterFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye H, Lu M, Tu C, Min L. Necroptosis in the sarcoma immune microenvironment: From biology to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110603. [PMID: 37467689 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis resistance remains a major obstacle to treatment failure in sarcoma. Necroptosis is a caspase-independent programmed cell death, investigated as a novel strategy to eradicate anti-apoptotic tumor cells. The process is mediated by the receptor-interacting proteins kinase family and mixed lineage kinase domain-like proteins, which is morphologically similar to necrosis. Recent studies suggest that necroptosis in the tumor microenvironment has pro- or anti-tumor effects on immune response and cancer development. Necroptosis-related molecules display a remarkable value in prognosis prediction and therapeutic response evaluation of sarcoma. Furthermore, the induction of tumor necroptosis has been explored as a feasible therapeutic strategy against sarcoma and to synergize with immunotherapy. This review discusses the dual roles of necroptosis in the immune microenvironment and tumor progression, and explores the potential of necroptosis as a new target for sarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huali Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minxun Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu G, Liu B, Liu B, Tang L, Liu Z, Dai H. Cytokines as Prognostic Biomarkers in Osteosarcoma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:335-343. [PMID: 37566475 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent type of primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. The effect of cytokines on osteosarcoma prognosis has been studied and reported. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of cytokines as osteosarcoma biomarkers. Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies on the prognostic value of cytokines in osteosarcoma. From the eligible studies, data on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, and metastasis-free survival (MFS) were extracted. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A total of 11 studies involving 755 patients were included in this analysis. High macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in tumors was significantly associated with shortened OS (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.18-3.42, P = 0.010) and MFS (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.47-4.01, P = 0.001). Elevated T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) levels in serum correlated with increased risk of disease progression in patients with osteosarcoma (HR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.88-3.03, P < 0.001). However, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor were not substantially associated with osteosarcoma prognosis. Owing to a paucity of research, other relevant cytokines [interferon-α/β receptor, tissue factor, macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1), and IL-23] could not be combined. In conclusion, MIF levels in tumors and Tim-3 levels in serum can be potential biomarkers of poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. To confirm this finding and implement these biomarkers into clinical applications, additional large-scale, high-quality studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - BinBin Liu
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Dai
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bailly C, Thuru X, Goossens L, Goossens JF. Soluble TIM-3 as a biomarker of progression and therapeutic response in cancers and other of human diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115445. [PMID: 36739094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints inhibition is a privileged approach to combat cancers and other human diseases. The TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3) inhibitory checkpoint expressed on different types of immune cells is actively investigated as an anticancer target, with a dozen of monoclonal antibodies in (pre)clinical development. A soluble form sTIM-3 can be found in the plasma of patients with cancer and other diseases. This active circulating protein originates from the proteolytic cleavage by two ADAM metalloproteases of the membrane receptor shared by tumor and non-tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. In most cancers but not all, overexpression of mTIM-3 at the cell surface leads to high level of sTIM-3. Similarly, elevated levels of sTIM-3 have been reported in chronic autoimmune diseases, inflammatory gastro-intestinal diseases, certain viral and parasitic diseases, but also in cases of organ transplantation and in pregnancy-related pathologies. We have analyzed the origin of sTIM-3, its methods of dosage in blood or plasma, its presence in multiple diseases and its potential role as a biomarker to follow disease progression and/or the treatment response. In contrast to sPD-L1 generated by different classes of proteases and by alternative splicing, sTIM-3 is uniquely produced upon ADAM-dependent shedding, providing a more homogenous molecular entity and a possibly more reliable molecular marker. However, the biological functionality of sTIM-3 remains insufficiently characterized. The review shed light on pathologies associated with an altered expression of sTIM-3 in human plasma and the possibility to use sTIM-3 as a diagnostic or therapeutic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Consulting Scientific Office, Lille (Wasquehal) 59290, France; University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France; University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Xavier Thuru
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurence Goossens
- University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France; University of Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balakrishnan B, Kulkarni UP, Pai AA, Illangeswaran RSS, Mohanan E, Mathews V, George B, Balasubramanian P. Biomarkers for early complications post hematopoietic cell transplantation: Insights and challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100306. [PMID: 36817455 PMCID: PMC9932777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation is an established curative treatment option for various hematological malignant, and non-malignant diseases. However, the success of HCT is still limited by life-threatening early complications post-HCT, such as Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD), Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS), and transplant-associated microangiopathy, to name a few. A decade of research in the discovery and validation of novel blood-based biomarkers aims to manage these early complications by using them for diagnosis or prognosis. Advances in this field have also led to predictive biomarkers to identify patients' likelihood of response to therapy. Although biomarkers have been extensively evaluated for different complications, these are yet to be used in routine clinical practice. This review provides a detailed summary of various biomarkers for individual early complications post-HCT, their discovery, validation, ongoing clinical trials, and their limitations. Furthermore, this review also provides insights into the biology of biomarkers and the challenge of obtaining a universal cut-off value for biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Balakrishnan
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | | | - Aswin Anand Pai
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Towards the Search for Potential Biomarkers in Osteosarcoma: State-of-the-Art and Translational Expectations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314939. [PMID: 36499267 PMCID: PMC9740676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause of malignant bone neoplasm in children, adolescents and young adults under 20 years of age. It also presents another peak of incidence in people over 50 years of age and is associated with rheumatic diseases. Numerous environmental risk factors, such as bone diseases, genetics and a history of previous neoplasms, have been widely described in the literature, which allows monitoring a certain group of patients. Diagnosis requires numerous imaging tests that make it possible to stratify both the local involvement of the disease and its distant spread, which ominously determines the prognosis. Thanks to various clinical trials, the usefulness of different chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy and surgical techniques with radical intent has now been demonstrated; these represent improvements in both prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Osteosarcoma patients should be evaluated in reference centres by multidisciplinary committees with extensive experience in proper management. Although numerous genetic and rheumatological diseases and risk factors have been described, the use of serological, genetic or other biomarkers has been limited in clinical practice compared to other neoplasms. This limits both the initial follow-up of these patients and screening in populations at risk. In addition, we cannot forget that the diagnosis is mainly based on the direct biopsy of the lesion and imaging tests, which illustrates the need to study new diagnostic alternatives. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the natural history of the disease and describe the main biomarkers, explaining their clinical uses, prognosis and limitations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu S, Du X, Lou G, Yu S, Lai K, Qi J, Ni S, Chen Z, Chen F. Expression changes of Tim-3 as one of supplementary indicators for monitoring prognosis of liver pathological changes in chronic HBV infection. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:842. [DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
This study was designed to analyze the liver tissue changes among the CHB patients who received treatment for at least 6 months and follow-up for at least 1 year, together with the correlation between the different disease condition and serum markers.
Methods
One-hundred and eighty-five CHB patients underwent antiviral therapy for at least 6 months were enrolled. In the 12-month follow-up, ultrasonography-guided biopsy was performed. The patients were grouped based on the serum markers and pathological changes in liver tissues. Then we determined the serum markers, virological tests and Tim-3 expression among these groups.
Results
Antiviral therapy significantly reduced liver inflammation indicators and serum Tim-3 level. However, the fibrosis process of liver tissue was not changed, and there are still disputes on the serum marker and hepatic lesion outcomes. Under normal liver function or negative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) of CHB patients, there might be consensus between Tim-3 change and liver pathological outcome. According to the liver tissue inflammation and fibrosis conditions, Tim-3 was positively correlated with liver function indices. Besides, it was also related to fibrosis stage and inflammation grade.
Conclusion
There were inconsistent changes between serum markers and liver tissue conditions after anti-viral therapy. Tim-3 expression was more suitable to indicate the changes of liver inflammatory and fibrosis response to some extent than ALT and AST. It may serve as a certain indicator to predict the CHB prognosis, which could be used as one of the monitoring indicators in liver pathological changes of chronic HBV infection, especially in monitoring liver tissue inflammation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Todosenko N, Yurova K, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Khlusov I, Litvinova L. Heparin and Heparin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Pleiotropic Molecular Effects at Multiple Drug Resistance of Osteosarcoma and Immune Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102181. [PMID: 36297616 PMCID: PMC9612132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main problems of modern health care is the growing number of oncological diseases both in the elderly and young population. Inadequately effective chemotherapy, which remains the main method of cancer control, is largely associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. The search for new solutions to overcome the resistance of malignant cells to pharmacological agents is being actively pursued. Another serious problem is immunosuppression caused both by the tumor cells themselves and by antitumor drugs. Of great interest in this context is heparin, a biomolecule belonging to the class of glycosaminoglycans and possessing a broad spectrum of biological activity, including immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the context of the rapid development of the new field of “osteoimmunology,” which focuses on the collaboration of bone and immune cells, heparin and delivery systems based on it may be of intriguing importance for the oncotherapy of malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive, chemoresistant malignant tumor that affects young adults and is characterized by constant recurrence and metastasis. This review describes the direct and immune-mediated regulatory effects of heparin and drug delivery systems based on it on the molecular mechanisms of (multiple) drug resistance in (onco) pathological conditions of bone tissue, especially osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wen Y, Tang F, Tu C, Hornicek F, Duan Z, Min L. Immune checkpoints in osteosarcoma: Recent advances and therapeutic potential. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215887. [PMID: 35995141 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and is associated with a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis. Effective treatment for osteosarcoma, especially advanced osteosarcoma, has stagnated over the past four decades. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has transformed the treatment paradigm for multiple malignant tumor types and indicated a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. In this review, we discuss recent advances in immune checkpoints, including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and their related ICIs for osteosarcoma treatment. We present the main existing mechanisms of resistance to ICIs therapy in osteosarcoma. Moreover, we summarize the current strategies for improving the efficacy of ICIs in osteosarcoma and address the potential predictive biomarkers of ICIs treatment in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wen
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Tang
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Li Min
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Donlon NE, Davern M, Sheppard AD, O'Connell F, Dunne MR, Hayes C, Mylod E, Ramjit S, Temperley H, Mac Lean M, Cotter G, Bhardwaj A, Butler C, Conroy MJ, O'Sullivan J, Ravi N, Donohoe CL, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J. The Impact of Esophageal Oncological Surgery on Perioperative Immune Function; Implications for Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823225. [PMID: 35154142 PMCID: PMC8829578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being investigated for their role as an adjunct in the multimodal treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The most effective time to incorporate ICIs remains unknown. Our study profiles systemic anti-tumor immunity perioperatively to help inform the optimal timing of ICIs into current standards of care for EAC patients. Methods Systemic immunity in 11 EAC patients was phenotyped immediately prior to esophagectomy (POD-0) and post-operatively (POD)-1, 3, 7 and week 6. Longitudinal serological profiling was conducted by ELISA. The frequency of circulating lymphocytes, activation status, immune checkpoint expression and damage-associated molecular patterns was assessed by flow cytometry. Results The frequency of naïve T-cells significantly increased in circulation post-esophagectomy from POD-0 to POD-7 (p<0.01) with a significant decrease in effector memory T-cells by POD7 followed by a subsequent increase by week 6 (p<0.05). A significant increase in activated circulating CD27+ T-cells was observed from POD-0 to POD-7 (p<0.05). The percentage of PD-1+ and CTLA-4+ T-cells peaked on POD-1 and was significantly decreased by week 6 (p<0.01). There was a significant increase in soluble PD-1, PD-L2, TIGIT and LAG-3 from POD-3 to week 6 (p<0.01). Increased checkpoint expression correlated with those who developed metastatic disease early in their postoperative course. Th1 cytokines and co-stimulatory factors decreased significantly in the immediate post-operative setting, with a reduction in IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-1RA, CD28, CD40L and TNF-α. A simultaneous increase was observed in Th2 cytokines in the immediate post-operative setting, with a significant increase in IL-4, IL-10, IL-16 and MCP-1 before returning to preoperative levels at week 6. Conclusion Our study highlights the prevailing Th2-like immunophenotype post-surgery. Therefore, shifting the balance in favour of a Th1-like phenotype would offer a potent therapeutic approach to promote cancer regression and prevent recurrence in the adjuvant setting and could potentially propagate anti-tumour immune responses perioperatively if administered in the immediate neoadjuvant setting. Consequently, this body of work paves the way for further studies and appropriate trial design is needed to further interrogate and validate the use of ICI in the multimodal treatment of locally advanced disease in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew D Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Mylod
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Ramjit
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugo Temperley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Mac Lean
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gillian Cotter
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Butler
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire L Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Shi H, Yuan Z, Wu Z, Li H, Liu Y, Lu M, Lu M. The role of SPI1-TYROBP-FCER1G network in oncogenesis and prognosis of osteosarcoma, and its association with immune infiltration. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:108. [PMID: 35078433 PMCID: PMC8790913 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant bone sarcoma worldwide. A causal gene network with specific functions underlying both the development and progression of OS was still unclear. Here we firstly identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and OS samples, and then defined the hub genes and top clusters in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs. By focusing on the hub gene TYROBP in the top 1 cluster, a conserved TYROBP co-expression network was identified. Then the effect of the network on OS overall survival was analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the functions of the network. XCell platform and ssGSEA algorithm were conducted to estimate the status of immune infiltration. ChEA3 platform, GSEA enrichment analysis, and Drug Pair Seeker (DPS) were used to predict the key transcription factor and its upstream signal. We identified the downregulated SPI1-TYROBP-FCER1G network in OS, which were significantly enriched in immune-related functions. We also defined a two-gene signature (SPI1/FCER1G) that can predict poorer OS overall survival and the attenuated immune infiltration when downregulated. The SPI1-TYROBP-FCER1G network were potentially initiated by transcription factor SPI1 and would lead to the upregulated CD86, MHC-II, CCL4/CXCL10/CX3CL1 and hence increased immune infiltrations. With this study, we could better explore the mechanism of OS oncogenesis and metastasis for developing new therapies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu K, Ma H, Wang T, Huang Y, Ru M. The diagnostic value of soluble TIM-3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2022; 18. [PMID: 35051343 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) expression level in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine its clinical diagnostic potential. Methods: The sTIM-3 and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) levels of 199 OSCC patients and 107 healthy individuals were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and their individual and combined efficiency rates were compared. Results: The results showed higher sTIM-3 and SCCAg levels in the OSCC patients and better diagnostic potential for a combination of these markers than for their individual assessments, as well as positive correlation of sTIM-3 levels with clinicopathological factors. Conclusion: sTIM-3 is a potential novel and readily accessible OSCC biomarker, which in combination with SCCAg expression level might better diagnose OSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Lu
- Department of General Dentistry, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hongtao Ma
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Meilin Ru
- Community Health Service Center of Huajing Town, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peng Y, Zhang C, Rui Z, Tang W, Xu Y, Tao X, Zhao Q, Tong X. A comprehensive profiling of soluble immune checkpoints from the sera of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24224. [PMID: 35019173 PMCID: PMC8841185 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy was widely used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether inhibition of immune checkpoints individually or simultaneously could improve the therapeutic efficacy of NSCLC remains to be investigated. Here, we explored the aberrant levels of several checkpoints and evaluated their potential diagnostic values for NSCLC. METHODS Serum samples of 89 NSCLC patients and 57 healthy donors were collected from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between November 2019 and July 2020. Fourteen human immune checkpoints were quantified by Procarta-Plex Human Immuno-Oncology Checkpoint Panel. RESULTS The expression levels of sTIM-3, sCD137, sCD27, sLAG-3, sIDO, sPD-L2, sCD152, sCD80, and sPD-1 were all significantly increased in serum of NSCLC patients. Especially, sLAG-3 was significantly elevated in serum of NSCLC patients at early-stage (stages I and II), TIM-3, CD137, and CD27 were significantly higher in the advanced NSCLC patients (stages III and IV) than in the early-stage groups. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) results showed that except for PD-1, all the other immune checkpoint proteins had potential diagnostic values for NSCLC. sTIM-3 had the highest diagnostic accuracy, followed by sLAG-3. Combining sTIM-3, sLAG-3, and sCD137 could increase the accuracy to a higher level. Moreover, sCD27 was correlated with NSCLC cancer type, age, sex, and disease stage, while sCD137 was correlated with age and disease stage. sTIM-3 and sIDO were correlated with stage and age, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TIM-3 and LAG-3 were independent biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. The combination of TIM-3, LAG-3, and CD137 could increase the diagnostic accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilian Rui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Xiaoxin Tao
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mummareddy S, Pradhan S, Narasimhan AK, Natarajan A. On Demand Biosensors for Early Diagnosis of Cancer and Immune Checkpoints Blockade Therapy Monitoring from Liquid Biopsy. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120500. [PMID: 34940257 PMCID: PMC8699359 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has emerged in the development of biosensors to detect biomarkers and immune checkpoints to identify and measure cancer through liquid biopsies. The detection of cancer biomarkers from a small volume of blood is relatively fast compared to the gold standard of tissue biopsies. Traditional immuno-histochemistry (IHC) requires tissue samples obtained using invasive procedures and specific expertise as well as sophisticated instruments. Furthermore, the turnaround for IHC assays is usually several days. To overcome these challenges, on-demand biosensor-based assays were developed to provide more immediate prognostic information for clinicians. Novel rapid, highly precise, and sensitive approaches have been under investigation using physical and biochemical methods to sense biomarkers. Additionally, interest in understanding immune checkpoints has facilitated the rapid detection of cancer prognosis from liquid biopsies. Typically, these devices combine various classes of detectors with digital outputs for the measurement of soluble cancer or immune checkpoint (IC) markers from liquid biopsy samples. These sensor devices have two key advantages: (a) a small volume of blood drawn from the patient is sufficient for analysis, and (b) it could aid physicians in quickly selecting and deciding the appropriate therapy regime for the patients (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy). In this review, we will provide updates on potential cancer markers, various biosensors in cancer diagnosis, and the corresponding limits of detection, while focusing on biosensor development for IC marker detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Mummareddy
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Stuti Pradhan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Ashwin Kumar Narasimhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India;
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-736-9822
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liao G, Wang P, Wang Y. Identification of the Prognosis Value and Potential Mechanism of Immune Checkpoints in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720125. [PMID: 34336706 PMCID: PMC8317210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. KIRC has a poor prognosis and, to date, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoints is the most promising treatment. However, the role of immune checkpoints in KIRC remains ambiguous. Methods Bioinformatics analyses and qRT-PCR were performed to explore and further confirm the prognostic value of immune checkpoint genes and their correlation with immune infiltration in KIRC samples. Results The expression of the immune checkpoint genes CD274, PDCD1LG2, HAVCR2, CTLA4, TIGFT, LAG3, and PDCD1 was upregulated in KIRC tissues. These genes were involved in the activation of the apoptosis pathway in KIRC. Low expression of CD274 and HAVCR2 and high expression of CTLA4 were associated with poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) of KIRC patients. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CTLA4, HAVCR2, age, pTNM stage, and tumor grade were independent factors affecting the prognosis of KIRC patients. A predictive nomogram demonstrated that the calibration plots for the 3‐year and 5‐year OS probabilities showed good agreement compared to the actual OS of KIRC patients. The expression of CTLA4 and HAVCR2 were positively associated with immune cell infiltration, immune biomarkers, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. Moreover, miR-20b-5p was identified as a potential miRNA target of CTLA4 in KIRC. Conclusion Our study clarified the prognostic value of several immune checkpoint regulators in KIRC, revealing a CTLA4/miR-20b-5p axis in the control of immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ligon JA, Choi W, Cojocaru G, Fu W, Hsiue EHC, Oke TF, Siegel N, Fong MH, Ladle B, Pratilas CA, Morris CD, Levin A, Rhee DS, Meyer CF, Tam AJ, Blosser R, Thompson ED, Suru A, McConkey D, Housseau F, Anders R, Pardoll DM, Llosa N. Pathways of immune exclusion in metastatic osteosarcoma are associated with inferior patient outcomes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001772. [PMID: 34021032 PMCID: PMC8144029 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current therapy for osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases (PMs) is ineffective. The mechanisms that prevent successful immunotherapy in osteosarcoma are incompletely understood. We investigated the tumor microenvironment of metastatic osteosarcoma with the goal of harnessing the immune system as a therapeutic strategy. Methods 66 osteosarcoma tissue specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immune markers were digitally quantified. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 25 specimens were profiled by functional cytometry. Comparative transcriptomic studies of distinct tumor-normal lung ‘PM interface’ and ‘PM interior’ regions from 16 PMs were performed. Clinical follow-up (median 24 months) was available from resection. Results IHC revealed a statistically significantly higher concentration of TILs expressing immune checkpoint and immunoregulatory molecules in PMs compared with primary bone tumors (including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1). Remarkably, these lymphocytes are excluded at the PM interface compared with PM interior. TILs from PMs exhibited significantly higher amounts of PD-1 and LAG-3 and functional cytokines including interferon-γ (IFNγ) by flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling further confirmed the presence of CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes concentrated at the PM interface, along with upregulation of immunoregulatory molecules and IFNγ-driven genes in the same region. We further discovered a strong alternatively activated macrophage signature throughout the entire PMs along with a polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell signature focused at the PM interface. Expression of PD-L1, LAG-3, and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) at the PM interface was associated with significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS), while gene sets indicative of productive T cell immune responses (CD8 T cells, T cell survival, and major histocompatibility complex class 1 expression) were associated with significantly improved PFS. Conclusions Osteosarcoma PMs exhibit immune exclusion characterized by the accumulation of TILs at the PM interface. These TILs produce effector cytokines, suggesting their capability of activation and recognition of tumor antigens. Our findings suggest cooperative immunosuppressive mechanisms in osteosarcoma PMs including immune checkpoint molecule expression and the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells. We identify cellular and molecular signatures that are associated with patient outcomes, which could be exploited for successful immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Ligon
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute and Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gady Cojocaru
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute and Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Han-Chung Hsiue
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Teniola F Oke
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Siegel
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan H Fong
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute and Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Ladle
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol D Morris
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Levin
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel S Rhee
- Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian F Meyer
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ada J Tam
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Blosser
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aditya Suru
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David McConkey
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute and Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Franck Housseau
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Anders
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Llosa
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cocco C, Morandi F, Airoldi I. Immune Checkpoints in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Targetable Pathways for Advanced Therapeutic Purposes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040927. [PMID: 33920505 PMCID: PMC8074115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex network between tumor cells and a variety of components including immune, stromal and vascular endothelial cells as well as the extracellular matrix. A wide panel of signals and interactions here take place, resulting in a bi-directional modulation of cellular functions. Many stimuli, on one hand, induce tumor growth and the spread of metastatic cells and, on the other hand, contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment. The latter feature is achieved by soothing immune effector cells, mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B and NK cells, and/or through expansion of regulatory cell populations, including regulatory T and B cells, tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this context, immune checkpoints (IC) are key players in the control of T cell activation and anti-cancer activities, leading to the inhibition of tumor cell lysis and of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, these pathways represent promising targets for the development of effective and innovative therapies both in adults and children. Here, we address the role of different cell populations homing the TME and of well-known and recently characterized IC in the context of pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss preclinical and clinical data available using IC inhibitors alone, in combination with each other or administered with standard therapies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Riva A, Palma E, Devshi D, Corrigall D, Adams H, Heaton N, Menon K, Preziosi M, Zamalloa A, Miquel R, Ryan JM, Wright G, Fairclough S, Evans A, Shawcross D, Schierwagen R, Klein S, Uschner FE, Praktiknjo M, Katzarov K, Hadzhiolova T, Pavlova S, Simonova M, Trebicka J, Williams R, Chokshi S. Soluble TIM3 and Its Ligands Galectin-9 and CEACAM1 Are in Disequilibrium During Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Promote Impairment of Anti-bacterial Immunity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:632502. [PMID: 33776793 PMCID: PMC7987668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immunoregulatory checkpoint receptors (CR) contribute to the profound immunoparesis observed in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and in vitro neutralization of inhibitory-CRs TIM3/PD1 on anti-bacterial T-cells can rescue innate and adaptive anti-bacterial immunity. Recently described soluble-CR forms can modulate immunity in inflammatory conditions, but the contributions of soluble-TIM3 and soluble-PD1 and other soluble-CRs to immune derangements in ALD remain unclear. METHODS In Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH; n = 19), alcohol-related cirrhosis (ARC; n = 53) and healthy control (HC; n = 27) subjects, we measured by Luminex technology (i) plasma levels of 16 soluble-CRs, 12 pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and markers of gut bacterial translocation; (ii) pre-hepatic, post-hepatic and non-hepatic soluble-CR plasma levels in ARC patients undergoing TIPS; (iii) soluble-CRs production from ethanol-treated immunocompetent precision cut human liver slices (PCLS); (iv) whole-blood soluble-CR expression upon bacterial challenge. By FACS, we assessed the relationship between soluble-TIM3 and membrane-TIM3 and rescue of immunity in bacterial-challenged PBMCs. RESULTS Soluble-TIM3 was the dominant plasma soluble-CR in ALD vs. HC (p = 0.00002) and multivariate analysis identified it as the main driver of differences between groups. Soluble-CRs were strongly correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut bacterial translocation markers and clinical indices of disease severity. Ethanol exposure or bacterial challenge did not induce soluble-TIM3 production from PCLS nor from whole-blood. Bacterial challenge prompted membrane-TIM3 hyperexpression on PBMCs from ALD patient's vs. HC (p < 0.002) and was inversely correlated with plasma soluble-TIM3 levels in matched patients. TIM3 ligands soluble-Galectin-9 and soluble-CEACAM1 were elevated in ALD plasma (AH > ARC; p < 0.002). In vitro neutralization of Galectin-9 and soluble-CEACAM1 improved the defective anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory cytokine production from E. coli-challenged PBMCs in ALD patients. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-related liver disease patients exhibit supra-physiological plasma levels of soluble-TIM3, particularly those with greater disease severity. This is also associated with increased levels of soluble TIM3-ligands and membrane-TIM3 expression on immune cells. Soluble-TIM3 can block the TIM3-ligand synapse and improve anti-bacterial immunity; however, the increased levels of soluble TIM3-binding ligands in patients with ALD negate any potential immunostimulatory effects. We believe that anti-TIM3 neutralizing antibodies currently in Phase I clinical trials or soluble-TIM3 should be investigated further for their ability to enhance anti-bacterial immunity. These agents could potentially represent an innovative immune-based supportive approach to rescue anti-bacterial defenses in ALD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palma
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruti Devshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Corrigall
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Huyen Adams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Preziosi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Ryan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Services, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Wright
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fairclough
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Evans
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Shawcross
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank E. Uschner
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Krum Katzarov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Hadzhiolova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slava Pavlova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marieta Simonova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zang K, Hui L, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Yao B. TIM-3 as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Malignant Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Validation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:579351. [PMID: 33692946 PMCID: PMC7938756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.579351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a novel immune checkpoint molecular, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3) is emerging as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the predictive role of TIM-3 in cancer remains largely undetermined. This study was designed to investigate the role of TIM-3 in cancer. Methods Publications were searched using multiple databases. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. To further confirm the prognostic effect of TIM-3, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were applied. Functional analysis of TIM-3 was also investigated. Results 28 studies with 7284 patients with malignant tumors were identified. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, TIM-3 was an independent prognostic indicator for poor overall survival (OS) (HR= 1.54, 95% CI = 1.19-1.98, P = 0.001). However, TIM-3 was not correlated with cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS). Particularly, TIM-3 showed a worse prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma and gastric cancer; but it showed a favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Functional analysis showed that TIM-3 was closely correlated with immune responses such as T-cell activation and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, TIM-3 expression was found to be related to worse OS in 9491 TCGA patients (HR = 1.2, P < 0.001), but was not associated with DFS. Conclusions TIM-3 was an independent prognostic factor. Meanwhile, TIM-3 played a crucial role in tumor immune responses. This supports TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Liangliang Hui
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Immunological status of peripheral blood is associated with prognosis in patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:212. [PMID: 33510813 PMCID: PMC7836390 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising antitumor effects against certain types of cancer. However, specific immune-checkpoint inhibitors for patients with sarcoma have yet to be identified, whereas the immunological status of peripheral blood in patients with bone sarcoma and soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) remains unknown. In addition, it is unclear whether the immunological status from the peripheral blood could be used as a prognostic indicator. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the immunological status of peripheral blood samples derived from patients with bone sarcoma and STS. Immune monitoring was performed using the peripheral blood samples of 61 patients with no metastasis of high-grade sarcoma. A total of 25 patients with metastatic sarcoma were used for comparison. A total of 41 immune cell subsets were analyzed using multicolor-flow cytometry. The patients that did not have metastasis demonstrated higher quantities of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3)+ CD8+ T cells, which were significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) time, while higher quantities of NKG2D+ CD8+ T cells were significantly associated with improved DFS time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the number of Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells was associated with lower DFS time. A significant association was also found between the number of M-MDSCs and progression-free survival (PFS) time in patients with metastasis. The results suggested the occurrence of immune surveillance, which indicated that the host immune reaction against cancer existed in patients with bone sarcoma and STS. Notably, a high number of M-MDSCs was associated with both DFS and PFS time, suggesting a strong prognostic value. The data suggested that the immune status of peripheral blood was associated with the prognosis in patients with sarcoma, as previously reported in patients with other cancer types. In summary, the results may assist with the development of novel strategies for sarcoma treatment, based on the use of biomarkers or immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tumor-derived Exosomes Induced M2 Macrophage Polarization and Promoted the Metastasis of Osteosarcoma Cells Through Tim-3. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:200-210. [PMID: 33162186 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent primary malignancy of the bone, is often presented with high-grade subclinical metastatic disease that metastasizes at very early stages. Exosomes, as molecular information carriers, may play a potent role in the occurrence and development of tumors through oncogenic molecular reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we will investigate the effect of osteosarcoma-derived exosomes on the polarization of TAMs and decipher its underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Osteosarcoma-derived exosomes from MG63 cells were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, and nano-particle size analysis. Double fluorescence staining was performed to confirm the macrophages phagocytosis of exosomes. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and transwell assays were conducted to assess the effect of exosomes on migration, invasion, and macrophage differentiation. The mouse model of osteosarcoma was established to evaluate the effects of exosomes on lung metastasis in vivo. RESULTS MG63 exosomes were successfully isolated and verified to be phagocytized by macrophages through fluorescence confocal microscopy. The results revealed that osteosarcoma cells could induce M2 type differentiation of macrophages largely through Tim-3 mediated by exosomes, which in turn could promote the migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma cells through the secretion of cytokines including IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that osteosarcoma-derived exosomes induced M2 polarization of macrophages and promoted the invasion and metastasis of tumors through Tim-3; besides, the study also suggests a novel therapeutic target for future studies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Saleh R, Toor SM, Elkord E. Targeting TIM-3 in solid tumors: innovations in the preclinical and translational realm and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1251-1262. [PMID: 33103506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1841750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown a great therapeutic efficacy in cancer patients. However, a significant proportion of cancer patients remain unresponsive or show limited response. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing protein-3 (TIM-3) is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on various cell types and is involved in the attenuation of immune responses. TIM-3 and its ligands are highly expressed in various solid malignancies and some studies have reported its association with worse disease outcomes. Thus, targeting TIM-3 could be a promising therapeutic approach to treat cancer patients. AREAS COVERED This review describes the role of TIM-3 and its ligands in regulating anti-tumor immunity and their contribution to cancer progression. Moreover, this review focuses on the preclinical models and translational data from important studies published in PubMed till October 2020, which demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of targeting TIM-3 signaling. EXPERT OPINION Despite the promising data obtained from targeting TIM-3 in preclinical models, precise mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of TIM-3 inhibition are not fully elucidated. Therefore, mechanistic studies are required to provide better insights into the anti-tumor effects of targeting TIM-3, and clinical data are necessary to determine the safety profiles and therapeutic efficacy of TIM-3 inhibition in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF) , Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF) , Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford , Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Melaiu O, Lucarini V, Giovannoni R, Fruci D, Gemignani F. News on immune checkpoint inhibitors as immunotherapy strategies in adult and pediatric solid tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:18-43. [PMID: 32659257 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented benefits in various adult cancers, and this success has prompted the exploration of ICI therapy even in childhood malignances. Although the use of ICIs as individual agents has achieved disappointing response rates, combinational therapies are likely to promise better results. However, only a subset of patients experienced prolonged clinical effects, thus suggesting the need to identify robust bio-markers that predict individual clinical response or resistance to ICI therapy as the main challenge. In this review, we focus on how the use of ICIs in adult cancers can be translated into pediatric malignances. We discuss the physiological mechanism of action of each IC, including PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and the new emerging ones, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, B7-H3, BTLA and IDO-1, and evaluate their prognostic value in both adult and childhood tumors. Furthermore, we offer an overview of preclinical models and clinical trials currently under investigation to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in these patients. Finally, we outline the main predictive factors that influence the efficacy of ICIs, in order to lay the basis for the development of a pan-cancer immunogenomic model, able to direct young patients towards more specific immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Melaiu
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu W, Qi F, Jiao R, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Hou D, Liu Y, Kang Z. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of high expression of
TIM
‐3 in different cancer types: A meta‐analysis. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xu
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of UrologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ruidi Jiao
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Lizhuan Zheng
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Donghai Hou
- Department of SurgeryPeople's Hospital of Xinzheng Xinzheng China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Zhengjun Kang
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen M, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Liu X, Chen H, Huang B, Hu Z. Soluble Tim3 detection by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay and its application in membranous nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23248. [PMID: 32077157 PMCID: PMC7307342 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to develop a time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) for detecting soluble T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (sTim3) in serum samples and to demonstrate a preliminary application of this method in membranous nephropathy (MN). Methods sTim3 TRFIA was developed, and the sTim3 concentration in the serum of patients with MN and healthy individuals was detected using a sandwich method. Results The sensitivity of the developed sTim3 TRFIA was 0.66 ng/mL, higher than that of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (1.11 ng/mL). The detection range was 0.66‐40 ng/mL. The intra‐assay coefficient of variation (CV) for sTim3 was 1.64%‐4.68%, and the inter‐assay CV was 5.72%‐9.32%. The cross‐reactivity to interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) was 0.25% and 0.04%, respectively. The average recovery was 105.26%. The sTim3 concentration in patients with MN was considerably higher than that in healthy individuals (P < .001). The sTim3 concentration in the serum of patients with MN was significantly increased from G1 to G4 based on the Jonckheere‐Terpstra test (P < .001). Thus, we used sTim3 as a diagnostic indicator for distinguishing between healthy individuals and patients with MN as well as between different stages of MN. Conclusion We successfully established TRFIA to detect sTim3 in serum. We then applied this method to patients with MN, demonstrating for the first time that TRFIA is a valid diagnostic tool to detect sTim3 in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), a member of the TIM family, was originally identified as a receptor expressed on interferon-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Initial data indicated that TIM3 functioned as a 'co-inhibitory' or 'checkpoint' receptor, but due to the lack of a definable inhibitory signalling motif, it was also suggested that TIM3 might act as a co-stimulatory receptor. Recent studies have shown that TIM3 is part of a module that contains multiple co-inhibitory receptors (checkpoint receptors), which are co-expressed and co-regulated on dysfunctional or 'exhausted' T cells in chronic viral infections and cancer. Furthermore, co-blockade of TIM3 and programmed cell death 1 (PD1) can result in tumour regression in preclinical models and can improve anticancer T cell responses in patients with advanced cancers. Here, we highlight the developments in understanding TIM3 biology, including novel ligand identification and the discovery of loss-of-function mutations associated with human disease. In addition, we summarize emerging data from human clinical trials showing that TIM3 indeed acts as a 'checkpoint' receptor and that inhibition of TIM3 enhances the antitumour effect of PD1 blockade.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao J, Qiu X, Li X, Fan H, Zhang F, Lv T, Song Y. Expression profiles and clinical value of plasma exosomal Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:409-415. [PMID: 29452091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound, virus-sized vesicles present in circulating blood. Tumor cells are avid producers of exosomes, which are thought to mimic molecular features of parent tumor cells. T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) is a the next-generation immune checkpoint that can be activated by its ligand Galectin-9 to negatively regulate the anti-tumor immune response. However, the characteristics of plasma exosomal Tim-3 and Galectin-9 (Exo-T/G) in cancer remained unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the expression patterns and clinical value of plasma exosomal total protein (Exo-pro) and Exo-T/G in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Plasma was collected from 103 NSCLC patients including 60 early stages and 43 advanced stages disease samples as well as 56 healthy subjects. Exosomes were isolated from plasma by commercial exosome precipitation solution and identified by western blotting of CD63 and transmission electron microscopy. Exo-pro concentration was measured by the BCA assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify Exo-T/G. Additionally, 34 NSCLC samples were applied to directly detect plasma TIM-3 (Plas-T) and Galectin-9 (Plas-G). Our results showed that Exo-pro, Exo-T, and Exo-G were significantly increased in NSCLC plasma compared to that in the healthy samples. High levels of Exo-T and Exo-G were all positively correlated with several malignant parameters, including larger tumor size, advanced stages, and more distant metastasis. High levels of Exo-pro and Exo-T were also correlated with more lymph node metastasis. Additionally, plasma from lung squamous cell carcinoma showed higher Exo-T and Exo-G compared with that from lung adenocarcinoma. ALK-positive patients showed to have decreased Exo-T and Exo-G levels. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between Exo-pro and Exo-T/G, Exo-T and Exo-G, Exo-T and Plas-T, Exo-G and Plas-G, and Plas-T and Plas-G. Together, our data revealed that Exo-pro, especially Exo-T and Exo-G could be potential biomarkers for NSCLC. Further studies focusing on pure tumor-derived exosomes isolated from plasma were needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiangyu Qiu
- The Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Borrie AE, Maleki Vareki S. T Lymphocyte–Based Cancer Immunotherapeutics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:201-276. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|