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Trang K, Jovanovic T, Hinton DE, Sullivan P, Worthman CM, Lam LX, Chi NK, Thanh NC, Ha TV, Go V, Hoffman I, Giang LM. Elevated trauma exposure and mental health burden among men who have sex with men in Vietnam. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 59:362-379. [PMID: 35072562 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211058348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize trauma exposure and mental health burden among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants comprise 100 HIV-positive and 98 high-risk, HIV-negative MSM, ranging from 18 to 29 years of age. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Traumatic Events Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and PTSD Symptom Scale. A subset of participants (n = 12) were also interviewed to evaluate community perception of the prevalence, causation, and available treatment options for mental health issues within the MSM community in Vietnam. In our sample, 23.2% reported having experienced moderate-to-severe childhood physical abuse; 18.7% physical neglect; 13.6% emotional abuse; 11.1% emotional neglect; and 26.8% sexual abuse. Such trauma exposure continued into adulthood and manifested most commonly in the form of interpersonal violence. Approximately 37.4% of the sample met the criteria for probable PTSD; 26.8% for moderate-to-severe depression; and 20.2% for moderate-to-severe anxiety. Neither exposure nor mental health burden differed by serostatus. Linear regression revealed that childhood emotional abuse was the only sub-type of trauma significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. The majority of interviewees believed that mental health burden was higher among MSM relative to the general population and attributed this to their vulnerability to interpersonal violence and lack of available coping resources. However, few believed that these mental health issues warranted clinical attention, and only one participant was able to identify a mental health service provider. Our findings suggest that trauma exposure and mental health burden are prevalent among MSM, irrespective of serostatus, and much higher than what has been previously reported among the general population in Vietnam.
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Solehati T, Pramukti I, Hermayanti Y, Kosasih CE, Mediani HS. Current of Child Sexual Abuse in Asia: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Impact, Age of First Exposure, Perpetrators, and Place of Offence. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious global problem and challenge for all people because it increases the risk of various issues.
AIM: This study investigated the CSA in Asian countries focusing on prevalence rates, impact, victim’s age of first exposure, type of CSA, perpetrator, and places of CSA offence.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Medline, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, ClinicalKey, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and manual search for studies published between January 2011 and November 2020. Only articles related to CSA in Asia were included in this review.
RESULTS: The results showed that prevalence of CSA ranged from 2.2% - 94% for girls and 1.7% - 49.5% for boys. The prevalence rates for non-contact abuse were 12.6% - 56.5% for girls and 0.7% - 68.7% for boys; contact abuse was 5.3% - 67.2% for girls and 2.2% - 53.3% for boys; penetrating abuse was 0.5% - 88.24% for girls and 1.7% - 57.1% for boys. The findings reported most victims’ age of first exposure was preteen. The rate of the violation occurring in the victim’s house was 6.1% - 41.9%; most CSA perpetrators are known by victims. This study reported adverse impacts on CSA victims such as psychological, health, and physical disorders, and changes in behavior. In addition, other findings were found, including recovery, perceptions, values, causes, and expectations of victims of CSA.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of CSA in Asia is still high and the age of the first victims is early adolescence. The majority of victims are women who already know the perpetrator, and taboo cultural factors are thought to play a role in increasing CSA in Asia. The results indicate the need to develop CSA prevention efforts that involve culture.
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Kenny MC, Helpingstine C, Long H. College students' recollections of childhood sexual abuse prevention programs and their potential impact on reduction of sexual victimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 104:104486. [PMID: 32294564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child sexual abuse prevention programs are offered in many schools globally, but research is scant on whether or not these programs actually decrease the rates of CSA among youth who participate in them. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine if participation in a CSA prevention program (based on participant recall), in the US or another country, led to lower rates of self-reported past victimization among youth, affected disclosure and effects on sexual satisfaction. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING One thousand five hundred and two students from an ethnically and racially diverse university in the southeast served as participants. METHODS Participants completed measures on line (Qualtrics). This included demographic information and participation in CSA prevention programs in schools, concepts that were covered, and recollections of sexual victimization. The second measure was a revised version of the sexual satisfaction scale (Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory). RESULTS Students who had not participated in a CSA prevention program were significantly more likely to be abused than those who did participate, regardless of the program or location (χ2 (1,1498) = 19.01, p < .001). Those participating in programs in the US were more likely to disclose abuse than those participating in the programs in other countries (χ2 (1,212) = 5.49, p = .019). No significant difference was found between those who participated in prevention programming and those who did not on sexual satisfaction (χ2 (1,1469) = 1.76, p = .184). CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of universal CSA prevention programs in schools worldwide as one part of comprehensive prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen C Kenny
- Florida International University, Department of Counseling, Recreation and School Psychology, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Claire Helpingstine
- Florida International University, Department of Psychology, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Haiying Long
- Florida International University, Department of Counseling, Recreation and School Psychology, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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Do HN, Nguyen HQT, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen HD, Bui TP, Phan NT, Do HTT, Ha GH, Phan HT, Nguyen THT, Ngo AT, Pham KTH, Tran BX, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Perception and Attitude about Child Sexual Abuse among Vietnamese School-Age Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203973. [PMID: 31635222 PMCID: PMC6843190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse has become a significant public health concern in Vietnam in recent years, and the likelihood of being abused could be prevented by increasing the awareness of sexual abuse and self-protection skills among children. However, little is known about the perception and attitude of schoolchildren toward this issue in Vietnam. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of school-age children toward child sexual abuse and the risk factors affecting their knowledge and attitude. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 Vietnamese students from grades four to nine. Most of the respondents had insufficient knowledge of sexual abuse in children; teachers and strangers would not be perpetrators (57.9% and 74%); and schools and home were safe places (55.8% and 58.8%). Almost all participants disagreed with touching and non-touching actions, even from acquaintances (94.5% to 99.5%). Being female, older age, not living with family or relatives, and living in an urban setting were found to be positively associated with the right perception and attitude toward child sexual abuse. A sexuality education program should be officially applied at schools for children with the support of their parents to narrow the knowledge gap between different geographical locations and genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ngoc Do
- Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Hoa Quynh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth Culture and Lifestyle, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Linh Thuy Thi Nguyen
- Department of Research on Children's Issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Hiep Duy Nguyen
- Department of Research on Children's Issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh Phuong Bui
- Department of Research on Children's Issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyet Thanh Phan
- Department of Research on Youth's Organizations and Youth Campaign, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Hang Thu Thi Do
- Department of Research on Youth and Legal Issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Giang Hai Ha
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Hai Thanh Phan
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Trang Huyen Thi Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacoeconomics and Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Toan Ngo
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Kiet Tuan Huy Pham
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
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Dunne MP, Choo WY, Madrid B, Subrahmanian R, Rumble L, Blight S, Maternowska MC. Violence Against Children in the Asia Pacific Region. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:6S-8S. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539515602184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Dunne
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Rumble
- UNICEF Indonesia Child Protection Office, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephen Blight
- UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Region, Child Protection Office, Bangkok, Thailand
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