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Zhu L, Huang L, Wang A, Li Q, Guo J, Wang L, Zhang G. The evaluation of an immunoperoxidase assay applicable in antiviral drug screening. Biologicals 2018; 57:61-66. [PMID: 30477957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) fall into cytopathic (CP) and noncytopathic (NCP) biotypes, based on their ability to kill cultured cells. NCP-BVDV can not be titrated by conventional means as used for CP-BVDV, which has impeded the identification of antiviral drugs targeting NCP-BVDV virus strains. In this study, the application of an immunoperoxidase assay in the screening of antiviral drugs was tested using two known BVDV inhibitors, ribavirin and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 was identified to affect BVDV infection by using this immunoperoxidase assay. In addition, the results of immunoperoxidase assay were validated by real-time PCR. Taken together, the immunoperoxidase assay is a useful and versatile method suitable for antiviral drug screening targeting NCP-BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Liai Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China.
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Herd-level risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea infection in cattle of Tamil Nadu. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:793-799. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Becher P. Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060128. [PMID: 28587150 PMCID: PMC5490805 DOI: 10.3390/v9060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. Two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. BVDV-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a–1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for BVDV-2 (2a–2d). With respect to published sequences, the number of virus isolates described for BVDV-1 (88.2%) is considerably higher than for BVDV-2 (11.8%). The most frequently-reported BVDV-1 subgenotype are 1b, followed by 1a and 1c. The highest number of various BVDV subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, indicating greater genetic diversity of the virus on this continent. Current segregation of BVDV field isolates and the designation of subgenotypes are not harmonized. While the species BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 can be clearly differentiated independently from the portion of the genome being compared, analysis of different genomic regions can result in inconsistent assignment of some BVDV isolates to defined subgenotypes. To avoid non-conformities the authors recommend the development of a harmonized system for subdivision of BVDV isolates into defined subgenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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A systematic review of financial and economic assessments of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) prevention and mitigation activities worldwide. Prev Vet Med 2016; 137:77-92. [PMID: 28040270 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) results in major economic losses either directly through decreased productive performance in cattle herds or indirectly, such as through expenses for control programs. The aim of this systematic review was to review financial and/or economic assessment studies of prevention and/or mitigation activities of BVDV at national, regional and farm level worldwide. Once all predefined criteria had been met, 35 articles were included for this systematic review. Studies were analyzed with particular focus on the type of financially and/or economically-assessed prevention and/or mitigation activities. Due to the wide range of possible prevention and/or mitigation activities, these activities were grouped into five categories: i) control and/or eradication programs, ii) monitoring or surveillance, iii) prevention, iv) vaccination and v) individual culling, control and testing strategies. Additionally, the studies were analyzed according to economically-related variables such as efficiency, costs or benefits of prevention and/or mitigation activities, the applied financial and/or economic and statistical methods, the payers of prevention and/or mitigation activities, the assessed production systems, and the countries for which such evaluations are available. Financial and/or economic assessments performed in Europe were dominated by those from the United Kingdom, which assessed mostly vaccination strategies, and Norway which primarily carried out assessments in the area of control and eradication programs; whereas among non-European countries the United States carried out the majority of financial and/or economic assessments in the area of individual culling, control and testing. More than half of all studies provided an efficiency calculation of prevention and/or mitigation activities and demonstrated whether the inherent costs of implemented activities were or were not justified. The dairy sector was three times more likely to be assessed by the countries than beef production systems. In addition, the dairy sector was approximately eight times more likely to be assessed economically with respect to prevention and/or mitigation activities than calf and youngstock production systems. Furthermore, the private sector was identified as the primary payer of prevention and/or mitigation activities. This systematic review demonstrated a lack of studies relating to efficiency calculations, in particular at national and regional level, and the specific production systems. Thus, we confirmed the need for more well-designed studies in animal health economics in order to demonstrate that the implementation and inherent costs of BVDV prevention and/or mitigation activities are justified.
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Yan L, Pace LW, Baughman B, Wilson FD, Zhang S, Zhang MZ. Failed detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 subgenotype a (BVDV-2a) by direct fluorescent antibody test on tissue samples due to reduced reactivity of field isolates to raw anti-BVDV antibody. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:150-7. [PMID: 26965235 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715626483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) is associated with mild or subclinical infections, whereas BVDV-2 is frequently implicated in outbreaks of severe thrombocytopenia and acute fatal disease. In the present study, the carcass of a beef breed cow and tissue samples of a beef calf were received for laboratory diagnosis. Both animals exhibited severe clinical signs compatible with thrombocytopenia or hemorrhagic syndrome. Direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) failed to detect BVDV antigen in the tissue specimens of both cases. However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed the presence of BVDV antigen in oral and esophageal mucosa and Peyer patches of the beef breed cow. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) detected BVDV-2 in selected tissues of both animals. Subsequently, BVDV was isolated from both cases and subjected to genetic and serologic characterizations. Mutations in the 5'-untranslated genomic region (5'-UTR) primer and probe binding sites and the E2 gene were associated with reduced efficiency of an established real-time RT-PCR assay and amino acid alterations in the E2 glycoprotein, respectively. Both viral isolates were classified by real-time RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis as BVDV-2 subgenotype a. Unlike BVDV reference strains Singer and 125c, the isolates cross-reacted with anti-BVDV-1 and anti-BVDV-2 reference sera, indicating antigenic variations in field isolates. The isolates also showed reduced reactivity to porcine anti-BVDV antiserum (the raw serum used to produce BVDV DFA conjugate). In summary, data from the present investigation indicated that genetic and antigenic variations affected the performance of detection assays, especially DFAT, highlighting the need for regular evaluation and modification of BVDV tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuping Zhang
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 E. Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211
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Newcomer BW, Givens D. Diagnosis and Control of Viral Diseases of Reproductive Importance: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Bovine Viral Diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016; 32:425-41. [PMID: 27140298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 can have significant negative reproductive impacts on cattle health. Vaccination is the primary control method for the viral pathogens in US cattle herds. Polyvalent, modified-live vaccines are recommended to provide optimal protection against various viral field strains. Of particular importance to bovine viral diarrhea control is the limitation of contact of pregnant cattle with potential viral reservoirs during the critical first 125 days of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Newcomer
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 127 Sugg Laboratory, Auburn, AL 36849-5516, USA
| | - Daniel Givens
- Office of Academic Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 217 Veterinary Education Center, Auburn, AL 36849-5536, USA.
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Mari V, Losurdo M, Lucente MS, Lorusso E, Elia G, Martella V, Patruno G, Buonavoglia D, Decaro N. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1, type 2 and HoBi-like pestivirus. J Virol Methods 2015; 229:1-7. [PMID: 26709100 PMCID: PMC7113868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HoBi-like pestiviruses are emerging pestiviruses that infect cattle causing clinical forms overlapping to those induced by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1 and 2. As a consequence of their widespread distribution reported in recent years, molecular tools for rapid discrimination among pestiviruses infecting cattle are needed. The aim of the present study was to develop a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay, based on the TaqMan technology, for the rapid and unambiguous characterisation of all bovine pestiviruses, including the emerging HoBi-like strains. The assay was found to be sensitive, specific and repeatable, ensuring detection of as few as 10(0)-10(1) viral RNA copies. No cross-reactions between different pestiviral species were observed even in samples artificially contaminated with more than one pestivirus. Analysis of field samples tested positive for BVDV-1, BVDV-2 or HoBi-like virus by a nested PCR protocol revealed that the developed TaqMan assay had equal or higher sensitivity and was able to discriminate correctly the viral species in all tested samples, whereas a real-time RT-PCR assay previously developed for HoBi-like pestivirus detection showed cross-reactivity with few high-titre BVDV-2 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
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Losurdo M, Mari V, Lucente MS, Colaianni ML, Padalino I, Cavaliere N, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Development of a TaqMan assay for sensitive detection of all pestiviruses infecting cattle, including the emerging HoBi-like strains. J Virol Methods 2015; 224:77-82. [PMID: 26300370 PMCID: PMC7113749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A real-time RT-PCR assay based on the TaqMan technology was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of pestiviruses infecting cattle, i.e., bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1, BVDV-2, and the emerging HoBi-like pestiviruses. The assay was linear and reproducible, being able to detect as few as 10 copies of viral RNA. By real-time RT-PCR analysis of 986 biological samples collected from cattle herd with clinical signs suggestive of pestivirus infection and from animals recruited in a pestivirus surveillance programme, 165 pestivirus positive samples were detected, including 6 specimens, 2 nasal swabs, and 4 EDTA-blood samples, that tested negative by a gel-based RT-PCR assay targeting the 5'UTR. The developed TaqMan assay represents a new reliable and effective tool for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of infections caused by all pestiviruses circulating in cattle, thus being useful for extensive surveillance programs in geographic areas where HoBi-like pestiviruses are co-circulating with BVDV-1 and BVDV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Loredana Colaianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Iolanda Padalino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cavaliere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy.
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Aduriz G, Atxaerandio R, Cortabarria N. First detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2 in cattle in Spain. Vet Rec Open 2015; 2:e000110. [PMID: 26392905 PMCID: PMC4567162 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2014-000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus that belongs to the family Flaviviridae. BVDV is found worldwide in cattle population and causes significant economic losses to the dairy and beef industries. Two distinct genotypes of BVDV exist: BVDV type 1 (BVDV-1) and BVDV type 2 (BVDV-2). OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the presence of BVDV-2 in Spain. RESULTS With this objective, 47 blood samples that had tested positive in an ELISA for BVDV antigen were selected. Samples had been submitted by practitioners to the Diagnostic Service of NEIKER. The 18 herds of origin were all located in the northern half of Spain. BVDV positive samples were genotyped by reverse transcription-PCR. BVDV-1 was detected with the highest frequency (46/47), in contrast to BVDV-2 (2/47). In one blood sample, both pestivirus genotypes, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, were detected. Sequencing of a viral genomic region, 5' untranslated region, confirmed the identity of the BVDV-2 isolate. CONCLUSIONS So far as the authors know, this is the first reported presence of BVDV-2 in cattle herds in Spain. This finding may have important implications for the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of BVDV infection in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Aduriz
- NEIKER, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario; Parque Tecnológico Bizkaia Ed. 812 , E-48160 Derio , Spain
| | - Raquel Atxaerandio
- NEIKER, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario; Parque Tecnológico Bizkaia Ed. 812 , E-48160 Derio , Spain
| | - Nekane Cortabarria
- NEIKER, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario; Parque Tecnológico Bizkaia Ed. 812 , E-48160 Derio , Spain
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Amal MNA, Saad MZ, Zahrah AS, Zulkafli AR. Water quality influences the presence of Streptococcus agalactiaein cage cultured red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2015; 46:313-323. [DOI: 10.1111/are.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Zamri Saad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Siti Zahrah
- National Fish Health Research Centre; Fisheries Research Institute; Batu Maung Penang Malaysia
| | - Abd Rashid Zulkafli
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center; Fisheries Research Institute; Jelebu Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
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Kulangara V, Joseph A, Thrithamarassery N, Sivasailam A, Kalappurackal L, Mattappillil S, Syam R, Mapranath S. Epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhoea among tropical small holder dairy units in Kerala, India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:575-9. [PMID: 25616984 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea among 385 dairy cattle reared under a small holder system in Trichur District of Kerala State in India was determined through an ELISA targeting antibodies against p80-p125 non-structural protein of the virus. Prevalence was 24.7% among the total population, but was higher (52%) when 85 animals having infertility problems alone were considered. Significant serum biochemistry differences between animals could be noticed only in total protein, globulin and phosphorous, all of which were low in seropositive animals. All animals which were seronegative for antibodies were screened by another ELISA targeting the E(rns) protein of the viral nucleocapsid to detect persistently infected (PI) animals. The single, positive animal had only a transient period of antigens in the blood, indicating absence of PI animals in the study population. High prevalence of the disease in isolated small holder units even in the absence of PI animals is discussed in view of identifying the common source of infection and initiating control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar Kulangara
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, India,
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12
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Lanyon SR, Hill FI, Reichel MP, Brownlie J. Bovine viral diarrhoea: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Vet J 2014; 199:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Park JW, Jin Lee S, Choi EJ, Kim J, Song JY, Bock Gu M. An ultra-sensitive detection of a whole virus using dual aptamers developed by immobilization-free screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:324-9. [PMID: 23994614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully developed a ssDNA aptamer pairs by using an advanced immobilization-free SELEX method with affinity-based selection and counter-screening process at every round. By implementing this method, two different aptamers specifically binding to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1(BVDV type 1) with high affinity were successfully screened. This aptamer pair was applied to ultrasensitive detection platform for BVDV type 1 in a sandwich manner. The ultrasensitive detection of BVDV type 1 using one of aptamers conjugated with gold nanoparticles was obtained in aptamer-aptamer sandwich type sensing format, with the limit of detection of 800 copies/ml, which is comparable to a real-time PCR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Woong Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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14
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Guan H, Li Z, Yin X, Zhang Y, Gao P, Bai Y, Liu J. Rapid Detection and Differentiation of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes by Antigen-capture Reverse Transcriptase Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2013.647.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Muhsen M, Aoki H, Ikeda H, Fukusho A. Biological properties of bovine viral diarrhea virus quasispecies detected in the RK13 cell line. Arch Virol 2012. [PMID: 23178968 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rabbit kidney cell line RK13 has been reported to be contaminated with noncytopathogenic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Persistent infection was confirmed by demonstrating the stability of virus titers (10(4.6±0.5) TCID50/ml) and BVDV positive cells (71.9 ± 3.12 %), over six successive passages. Based on the "exaltation of Newcastle disease virus" (END) and reverse plaque formation methods, two types of ncp viruses were isolated, END-phenomenon-positive and negative. Isolates, RK13/E(+) and RK13/E(-), demonstrated (1) differing levels of reproducibility in cell cultures, (2) similar antigenicity against BVDV antisera, (3) identical 5'-UTR region nucleotide sequences, (4) four amino acid differences throughout the genomic open reading frame, and (5) better growth ability in primary rabbit cells than other laboratory strains when inoculated in parallel at an MOI of 0.01. Overall, the BVDV population in RK13 cells consists of at least two different END characteristic quasispecies that are adapted to cultures of rabbit origin, giving rise to naturally attenuated BVDV strains that can be used in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmod Muhsen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
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Bratcher CL, Wilborn BS, Finegan HM, Rodning SP, Galik PK, Riddell KP, Marley MS, Zhang Y, Bell LN, Givens MD. Inactivation at various temperatures of bovine viral diarrhea virus in beef derived from persistently infected cattle. J Anim Sci 2011; 90:635-41. [PMID: 21965453 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that is enzootic in most cattle populations throughout the world. This virus is present throughout the body of persistently infected (PI) cattle. Previous research has not assessed the cooking temperature at which BVDV in meat from PI cattle can be inactivated. Therefore, muscle tissue from 6 PI cattle was harvested, refrigerated, frozen, and heated to various internal temperatures. The concentration of virus present was determined by virus isolation. Average cell culture infective doses (50% endpoint; CCID(50)) of BVDV per gram of frozen, uncooked meat from PI cattle were 10(5.85) CCID(50)/g of whole cuts and 10(6.02) CCID(50)/g of ground meat. The virus in whole and ground meat was consistently inactivated when cooked to temperatures greater than or equal to 75°C. A second objective of this research was to thoroughly reassess if Vero cells were permissive to BVDV infection in our laboratory to provide further indication of whether primates, including humans, might be susceptible to BVDV. Vero cells were not permissive to infection with any of 43 different strains of BVDV that readily replicated in Madin Darby bovine kidney cells. In conclusion, this bovine pathogen, which is not considered to be a human pathogen, can be inactivated by cooking ground or whole cuts of meat to 75°C or higher. Care should be taken to ensure that susceptible hosts such as pigs are not fed improperly cooked meat, meat by-products, or waste food originating from PI cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Bratcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Baughman B, Zhang S, Jin L, Pace LW, Cooley J, Yan L, Zhang MZ. Diagnosis of Deerpox virus infection in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:965-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711416621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-month-old fawn from a group of 12 captive white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) displaying cutaneous lesions was presented to the Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Postmortem examination identified multiple discrete, round, alopecic, flat, proliferative dermal lesions scattered along the skin of the lips, muzzle, pinna, ventral thorax, medial limbs, and most notably the abdomen. Multiple ulcers were present on the commissures of the lips, dorsal surface of the tongue, and left caudal buccal surface of the oral cavity. The abdomen was filled with fibrinopurulent exudate and ruminal contents. Multiple to coalescing transmural ulcers were identified in the rumen. Histopathological evaluation of the skin revealed markedly thickened epidermis and focal areas of superficial dermal fibrosis, intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions in swollen keratinocytes and lymphocytic and plasmacytic perivascular dermatitis. The rumen ulcers were surrounded with necrotic cellular debris mixed with fibrin, bacteria, hemorrhages, and a collection of mixed inflammatory cells. Some swollen ruminal mucosal epithelia had eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. Poxvirus was isolated from the skin and rumen tissue specimens. Electron microscopy detected viral particles with poxvirus morphology. Polymerase chain reaction assays detected A21, a gene conserved within family Poxviridae, in the skin and rumen tissues. Phylogenic analysis of the A21 sequences indicated that the viral isolate (M10-9055) was closely related to known members of genus Cervidpoxvirus. In conclusion, findings indicate that Deerpox virus can produce extensive lesions in white-tailed deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Baughman
- Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS (Baughman, Yan, Pace, Cooley)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Jin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (S. Zhang)
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX (M. Zhang)
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS (Baughman, Yan, Pace, Cooley)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Jin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (S. Zhang)
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX (M. Zhang)
| | - Ling Jin
- Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS (Baughman, Yan, Pace, Cooley)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Jin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (S. Zhang)
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX (M. Zhang)
| | - Lanny W. Pace
- Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS (Baughman, Yan, Pace, Cooley)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Jin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (S. Zhang)
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX (M. Zhang)
| | - Jim Cooley
- Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS (Baughman, Yan, Pace, Cooley)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Jin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (S. Zhang)
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX (M. Zhang)
| | - Lifang Yan
- Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS (Baughman, Yan, Pace, Cooley)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Jin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (S. Zhang)
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX (M. Zhang)
| | - Michael Z. Zhang
- Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS (Baughman, Yan, Pace, Cooley)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Jin)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (S. Zhang)
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX (M. Zhang)
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