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Womble M, Weingart S, May S, Garner M, Luff J. A putatively novel papillomavirus associated with cutaneous plaques and squamous cell carcinoma in captive North American snow leopards ( Panthera uncia). Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241254340. [PMID: 38770883 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241254340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous plaques and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are common in captive North American snow leopards (SLs) (Panthera uncia). Our objective was to determine whether these lesions are potentially associated with papillomavirus(es). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on 3 cutaneous plaques using degenerate primers for papillomaviruses. A putatively novel papillomavirus was identified that shared 76% sequence identity to Felis catus papillomavirus 2. Specific PCR for this virus was performed on 5 cutaneous SCC samples and 7 normal skin samples, which were all positive. In situ hybridization for this putatively novel virus was performed, which revealed strong hybridization signals within hyperplastic cells in cutaneous plaques (n = 3) and within neoplastic cells in cutaneous SCC samples (n = 5). No hybridization signals were identified within normal skin. Ultimately, identification of a causal viral agent in the development of plaques and SCC in SLs will help guide therapeutic intervention and lay the foundation for development of prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Womble
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shaina Weingart
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Susan May
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Luff
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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2
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Munday JS, Bond SD, Piripi S, Soulsby SJ, Knox MA. Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 26: A Novel Papillomavirus of Dogs and the First Canine Papillomavirus within the Omegapapillomavirus Genus. Viruses 2024; 16:595. [PMID: 38675936 PMCID: PMC11054245 DOI: 10.3390/v16040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs are currently recognized as being infected by 25 different canine papillomavirus (CPV) types classified into three genera. A short sequence from a novel CPV type was amplified, along with CPV1, from a papilloma (wart) from the mouth of a dog. The entire 7499 bp genome was amplified, and CPV26 contained putative coding regions that were predicted to produce four early proteins and two late ones. The ORF L1 showed less than 62% similarity for all previously sequenced CPV types but over 69% similarity to multiple Omegapapillomavirus types from a variety of Caniform species including the giant panda, Weddel seal, and polar bear. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed CPV26 clusters within the Omegapapillomavirus genus. Specific primers were used to investigate the presence of CPV26 DNA within a series of 37 canine proliferative lesions. CPV26 DNA was amplified from one lesion, a cutaneous papilloma that also contained CPV6. This is the first time a PV type within the Omegapapillomavirus genus has been detected in a non-domestic species and this provides evidence that the omegapapillomaviruses infected a common ancestor of, and then co-evolved with, the Caniform species. Whether CPV26 causes disease is uncertain, but the absence of an E7 protein may suggest low pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Sarah D. Bond
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Susan Piripi
- IDEXX Laboratories, Palmerston Noth 4410, New Zealand;
| | | | - Matthew A. Knox
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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3
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Orlandi M, Mazzei M, Albanese F, Pazzini L, Mei M, Lazzarini G, Forzan M, Massaro M, Vascellari M, Abramo F. Clinical, histopathological, and molecular characterization of canine pigmented viral plaques. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:857-864. [PMID: 37644783 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231195762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Canine pigmented viral plaques (PVPs) are proliferative epidermal lesions caused by canine papillomaviruses (CPVs). Although the lesions are benign, neoplastic transformation has been reported. Cases reported in the literature are few and mainly focused on genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to collect data on the epidemiology, clinicopathological features, and genotyping of PVPs. Fifty-five canine PVPs were retrospectively retrieved and histologically evaluated. Follow-up was available for 33 cases. The median age was 6.5 years and pugs were the most represented breed (25%). There were 4 clinical presentations: a single lesion (24%), multiple lesions (75%) in one (41%) or different sites (34%), and generalized lesions all over the body (24%). The abdomen and axillae were the most common sites. In single lesions, no recurrence was observed after conventional surgery, whereas different medical treatments reported for multiple lesions were not successful. Spontaneous regression was reported in 3 cases. Neoplasia in contiguity with PVPs was seen in 5 of 55 lesions (9%), and 1 dog was euthanized due to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The most useful histopathological features for diagnosis were scalloped profile, epidermal spikes, hypergranulosis, and hyperpigmentation. L1 immunolabeling was present in 14 of 16 cases (87%). Sequencing revealed that 10 of 16 cases were associated with CPV-9 (71%), 2 cases were associated with CPV-4 (14%), and 2 cases were associated with CPV-8 (14%). In conclusion, this represents a large cohort study on canine PVPs reporting data on clinicopathological features, therapy, outcome, and the type of CPV involved for the first time in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pazzini
- Private Veterinary Laboratory "MyLav," Passirana di Rho, Italy
| | - Martina Mei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Massaro
- Private Veterinary Laboratory "MyLav," Passirana di Rho, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Hobi S, Barrs VR, Bęczkowski PM. Dermatological Problems of Brachycephalic Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2016. [PMID: 37370526 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachycephalic dogs are not only affected by brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), but are also frequently referred to veterinary dermatologists for skin conditions, with English bulldogs and pugs particularly over-represented. Some skin diseases, such as skin fold dermatitis, are directly associated with the abnormal anatomic conformation of brachycephalic dogs, while for others, such as atopic dermatitis and viral pigmented plaques, there is an underlying genetic basis or a general predisposition. Anatomic alterations associated with brachycephaly, leading to fold formation of the skin and stenosis of the ear canal, together with primary immunodeficiencies described in some breeds, favor the development of pyoderma, Malassezia dermatitis, and otitis externa/media. In addition, the frequently neglected but often lifelong dermatological problems of brachycephalic dogs are an important consideration when discussing genetic and medical conditions affecting the welfare of those dogs. Here we review the current state of knowledge concerning dermatological problems in brachycephalic dogs and combine it with clinical experience in the management of these challenging disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hobi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paweł M Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Medeiros-Fonseca B, Faustino-Rocha AI, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM. Canine and feline papillomaviruses: an update. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174673. [PMID: 37261110 PMCID: PMC10229045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are small viruses able to cause disease not only in mammalians, but also in birds and reptiles. In recent years, a rising number of papillomaviruses have been identified in dogs and cats, totaling 24 canine papillomavirus (CPV) and six feline papillomavirus (FcaPV). The canine and feline papillomaviruses (CPVs and FcaPVs, respectively) are responsible for multiple lesions in these domestic species but the potential pathological relevance of some recently identified types remains to be determined. CPVs are associated with oral papillomatosis, cutaneous papillomas and viral pigmented plaques, and have been rarely associated with the development of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in their canine hosts. FcaPVs are associated with oral papillomas, viral plaques, and Bowenoid in situ carcinomas. The present review provides readers with the more recent advances on dog and cat papillomavirus research, bringing an update on this field to both veterinary practitioners and the virology community at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-ENAS, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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Munday JS, Orbell G, Robinson L. Detection of a novel papillomaviral sequence in viral plaques confined to the pinna of a dog. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36941227 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
A raised plaque that contained histological evidence of papillomavirus infection and sequences from a novel papillomavirus type developed close to the ear canal of a 14-year-old West Highland white terrier. The plaque was excised, and further plaques developed within the same area of pinna.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Orbell
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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7
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Genomic Characterisation of Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 24, a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Extensive Pigmented Plaque Formation in a Pug Dog. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112357. [PMID: 36366455 PMCID: PMC9693439 DOI: 10.3390/v14112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous large dark plaques developed over the ventrum, legs and head of a 9-year-old pug dog over a 4-year-period. Histology confirmed a diagnosis of viral pigmented plaque and a short section of a novel papillomavirus (PV) type was amplified using consensus PCR primers. Taking advantage of the circular nature of PV DNA, 'outward facing' PCR primers allowed amplification of the full sequence. As this is the 24th PV known to infect dogs, the novel PV was designated canine papillomavirus (CPV) type 24. The CPV24 genome contained putative coding regions for 5 early proteins and 2 late ones. The CPV24 open reading frame L1 showed the highest (78.2%) similarity to CPV4 and phylogenetic analysis showed that CPV24 clustered with CPV4 and CPV16 suggesting CPV24 is the third species 2 Chipapillomavirus type identified in dogs. This is the third report of extensive pigmented plaques covering a high proportion of the skin. Both previous cases were caused CPV4 and, considering the high genetic similarity between CPV4 and CP24, infection by these CPV types may predispose to more severe clinical disease. In addition, as plaques caused by CPV16 appear more likely to progress to neoplasia, the detection of a species 2 Chipapillomavirus within a pigmented plaque may indicate the potential for more severe disease.
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8
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Munday JS, Knight CG, Luff JA. Papillomaviral skin diseases of humans, dogs, cats and horses: A comparative review. Part 2: Pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. Vet J 2022; 288:105898. [PMID: 36152994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well recognized to cause pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases in humans. Similarly, there is increasing evidence that PVs play a significant role in the development of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases of the haired skin of dogs and cats, and the mucosa of horses. As the mechanisms by which PVs cause neoplasia are well studied in humans, it is valuable to compare the PV-induced neoplasms of humans with similar PV-associated neoplasms in the companion animal species. In the second part of this comparative review, the pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases thought to be caused by PVs in humans, dogs, cats, and horses are described. This includes PV-induced cutaneous plaques, cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and mucosal SCCs within the four species. The review concludes with a discussion about the potential use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced diseases of dogs, cats, and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Cameron G Knight
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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9
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Reis JDR, Batista MVDA. New insights into Canis familiaris papillomaviruses genetics and biology: Is the genetic characterization of CPV types and their variants an important clinical issue? Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210388. [PMID: 36095300 PMCID: PMC9469487 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canis familiaris papillomavirus (CPV) is a member of the Papillomaviridae family and is found in dogs. After infection, the host can remain asymtomatic or develop benign ephitelial neoplasms such as papillomas and pigmented viral plaques, which can progress to cancer, in the form of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In humans, 227 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been described, with a well-established risk classification for cancer development. In addition, it is also known that variants of some high-risk HPV types may present different risks in respect of SCC development. In dogs, however, only a few types of CPV have been identified, despite the growing interest in this area, and knowledge on the genetic characterization of CPV variants is still scarce. Recent studies of CPV have shown that, as with HPV, benign neoplasia can develop into cancer, but it is believed that there are many more types and variants still to be described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the genetics and biology of CPV, with the focus on what is known about lesions, geographic localization, virus types and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Dantas Rodrigues Reis
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia (GMBio), São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia (GMBio), São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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10
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YU M, CHAMBERS JK, TSUZUKI M, YAMASHITA N, USHIGUSA T, HAGA T, NAKAYAMA H, UCHIDA K. Pigmented viral plaque and basal cell tumor associated with canine papillomavirus infection in Pug dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1643-1648. [PMID: 31554746 PMCID: PMC6895623 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmented viral plaque is most commonly seen in Pug dogs in association with canine papillomavirus (CPV). In the present study, nucleic acid sequence and localization of viral genes were examined in 4 cases of pigmented viral plaque in Pug dogs. The results of polymerase chain reaction and nucleic acid sequence analysis showed that the 3 cases with pigmented viral plaque were infected with CPV4, and 1 case with CPV18. In the case with CPV18-positive viral plaque, CPV18 gene was also detected in a lesion of cytokeratin-14- and P63-positive basal cell tumor that developed adjacent to a pigmented viral plaque. Moreover, CPV gene was detected in the squamous cells of pigmented viral plaques and the neoplastic cells of basal cell tumor by in situ hybridization. This is the first report of basal cell tumor associated with CPV18-infection in the dog. Infection of CPV18 may be associated with development of basal cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao YU
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - James. K. CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masano TSUZUKI
- Laboratory of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nanako YAMASHITA
- Laboratory of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi HAGA
- Laboratory of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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11
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Ayala-Díaz S, Jiménez-Lima R, Ramírez-Alcántara KM, Lizano M, Castro-Muñoz LJ, Reyes-Hernández DO, Arroyo-Ledezma J, Manzo-Merino J. Presence of Papillomavirus DNA sequences in the canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7962. [PMID: 31667018 PMCID: PMC6816387 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) or Sticker’s sarcoma is a neoplastic disease affecting dogs. This disease is presented as a tumoral mass in the genital organs of both, male and female individuals. Up to date, there is no clear evidence indicating a viral agent as the causative mediator for CTVT development. Purpose The present work aims to analyze 21 samples from canines with CTVT for molecular identification of Papillomavirus DNA sequences. In addition, microbiological analysis, cytologic and histopathologic evaluations were also performed. Results All patients showed no biochemical and microbiological alterations. Molecular analysis demonstrated the viral DNA presence in the samples using different primer sets. The MY primers amplified a 450 bp band in seven out of 21 samples (33%). The PVF and Fap64 primer set, targeting the L1 sequence of Canine Papillomavirus (CPV), showed positivity in 16 out of 21 samples (76%). Conclusion These results support the possible causative association between CPV and CTVT; nevertheless, additional studies are required to uphold such statement. This work presents evidence indicating that a viral agent might be involved in the pathogenesis of CTVT and set the bases for a better understanding of the CTVT pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ayala-Díaz
- Universidad del Mar, Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Producción y Sanidad Animal, Universidad del Mar, Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Roberto Jiménez-Lima
- Clinical Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Katia M Ramírez-Alcántara
- Basic Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Basic Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Diego O Reyes-Hernández
- Basic Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Médicas Odontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arroyo-Ledezma
- Universidad del Mar, Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Asociación Esteriliza y Educa A.C., Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Basic Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Schaefer EAF, Chu S, Pearce JW, Bryan JN, Flesner BK. Papillomavirus DNA not detected in canine lobular orbital adenoma and normal conjunctival tissue. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:226. [PMID: 31277650 PMCID: PMC6612140 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine lobular orbital adenomas are benign tumors that arise from orbital glandular tissue and extend into the orbit, conjunctiva, and third eyelid. Surgical excision is challenging and recurrence rates are high following excision alone. Enucleation and exenteration reduces the likelihood of recurrence, but is a radical therapeutic option for an otherwise visual and comfortable eye. Human papillomavirus causes 4.5% of worldwide cancers in people and has been identified in up to 23% of benign salivary gland tumors. To date, the etiology of canine lobular orbital adenomas has not been established and it is reasonable to consider canine papillomaviruses as an associative agent with benign glandular tumors in dogs. Identification of the underlying etiology of these tumors may help establish treatment or preventative measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate conjunctival and orbital tissue of phenotypically normal dogs and tissue from canine lobular orbital adenomas for the presence of papillomavirus DNA. RESULTS Thirty seven canine lobular orbital adenoma samples (36 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 33 dogs and one freshly collected sample) were evaluated via polymerase chain reaction for the presence of papillomavirus DNA. Conjunctival tissue samples, from 10 dogs with normal ocular examinations, excised immediately following euthanasia, were used as phenotypically normal controls. Three FFPE and one freshly collected tissue samples previously confirmed to be positive for papillomavirus DNA were used as positive controls. PCR products verified positive controls. Papillomavirus DNA was not detected in fresh conjunctival tissue of the phenotypically normal control dogs or in samples of fresh or FFPE canine lobular orbital adenoma tissue. CONCLUSIONS An association between papillomavirus and the development of canine lobular orbital adenomas is unlikely. Further research is needed to evaluate if other viruses play a role in the pathogenesis of canine lobular orbital adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A F Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Pearce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Present address: VCA Canada Vancouver Animal Emergency and Referral Centre, 2303 Alberta St, Vancouver, BC, V5Y 4A7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Malignant transformation of canine oral papillomavirus (CPV1)-associated papillomas in dogs: An emerging concern? PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2018; 6:83-89. [PMID: 30414951 PMCID: PMC6260289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Canine oral papillomavirus (CPV1, also known as COPV), the most common cause of non-neoplastic papillomas, has not been shown to cause squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Furthermore, malignant transformation of benign papillomas to SCC has only been reported in a single group of dogs with severe combined immunodeficiency infected with CPV2. Here, we report a series of 7 dogs with benign CPV1-associated papillomas with histologic evidence of CPV1 causing malignant transformation to carcinoma in situ and ultimately SCC. Expression of p53 and p16 proteins in CPV1-infected cells within the benign papillomas and lesions that progressed into SCC also supported an association between papillomavirus and malignant transformation. Moreover, our retrospective analysis indicated that while there have been increased numbers of viral papillomas with malignant transformation, the number of annually diagnosed canine viral papillomas has remained constant over the past decade in our laboratory. We speculate that either an altered host immunity from increased usage of immunosuppressive drugs or changing environmental factors, e.g. increase exposure to UV radiation, may cause an increased oncogenic potential of this “low-risk” virus. This study aims to raise awareness of the malignant potential of CPV1 and to encourage further investigations into the cause of this suspected change in its oncogenic potential.
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14
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Luff JA, Burns RE, Mader M, Priest KD, Tuttle AD. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated with Zalophus californianus papillomavirus 1 in a California sea lion. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:572-575. [PMID: 29629648 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718769702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are found in many species and infect epithelial cells at both mucosal and cutaneous sites. PVs are generally species-specific and cause benign epithelial proliferations, often forming papillomas or plaques. Rarely, these infections can persist, allowing progression to in situ and invasive cancers. We describe herein a case of multiple cutaneous pigmented plaques from a California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus) that progressed to in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The lesions were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and hypergranulosis that bordered more dysplastic areas, and, at one site, bordered an invasive SCC. Immunohistochemistry for papillomavirus antigen revealed strong nuclear immunoreactivity within keratinocytes in the hyperplastic epidermis. PCR was performed using degenerate and specific primers to detect papillomavirus DNA. Specific primers were used to amplify Zalophus californianus papillomavirus 1 (ZcPV-1), the only sea lion papillomavirus known to date. We detected ZcPV-1 DNA within the pigmented plaque, and in both in situ and invasive SCC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Luff, Mader).,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (Burns, Priest).,Mystic Aquarium, Department of Animal Care, Mystic, CT (Tuttle)
| | - Rachel E Burns
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Luff, Mader).,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (Burns, Priest).,Mystic Aquarium, Department of Animal Care, Mystic, CT (Tuttle)
| | - Michelle Mader
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Luff, Mader).,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (Burns, Priest).,Mystic Aquarium, Department of Animal Care, Mystic, CT (Tuttle)
| | - Kara D Priest
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Luff, Mader).,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (Burns, Priest).,Mystic Aquarium, Department of Animal Care, Mystic, CT (Tuttle)
| | - Allison D Tuttle
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Luff, Mader).,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (Burns, Priest).,Mystic Aquarium, Department of Animal Care, Mystic, CT (Tuttle)
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15
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Hansen N, Nicholas N, Pack G, Mackie JT, Shipstone M, Munday JS, Reddell P, Orbell G, Malik R. Progressive cutaneous viral pigmented plaques in three Hungarian Vizslas and the response of lesions to topical tigilanol tiglate gel. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:53-62. [PMID: 29468081 PMCID: PMC5813106 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous pigmented viral plaques is a disorder of epidermal growth caused by canine papillomavirus type 4 (CPV-4). There is currently no standard of care for managing this condition and it has not been reported in the Hungarian Vizsla. This case series documents the clinical features of canine pigmented viral plaques in Hungarian Vizsla dogs and the treatment of a severe case using a novel topical agent tigilanol tiglate (EBC-46). A 4-year-old spayed Hungarian Vizsla in Australia was presented for multiple cutaneous pigmented plaques extending from the ventral cervical region. Lesions were neither painful nor pruritic. The number and size of these sessile plaques increased over time, with the largest lesions eventually taking on an exophytic (wart-like) appearance. These lesions did not affect the dog's wellbeing. Two much less severe cases in a 5-year-old Vizsla from the UK and a 7-year-old Vizsla from New Zealand were also diagnosed. Histology was consistent with papillomavirus-induced pigmented plaques and CPV-4 DNA sequences were amplified from paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue using the polymerase chain reaction from the most severely affected patient. Topical imiquimod was ineffective although used for only a short time. Two topical applications of novel anti-neoplastic diterpene ester tigilanol tiglate as a gel, 9 days apart, greatly reduced the size and number of lesions in a limited portion of skin treated, over the lateral hock. While CPV-4 has been previously reported to cause pigmented plaques, most commonly on pug dogs, but sporadically on other breeds, this is the first report of this virus causing plaques in Hungarian Vizslas. The cases illustrate some of the difficulties in diagnosing papillomavirus-induced disease in dogs, especially in its early stages. Topical tigilanol tiglate is a potentially useful topical therapy for this viral-induced disorder of cell growth and represents a treatment deserving of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hansen
- Greencross Noosa Veterinary ClinicTewantinQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | - John T. Mackie
- QML PathologyArndale Shopping CentreSpringwoodQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michael Shipstone
- Veterinary Specialist ServicesUnit 14Springwood CentreUnderwoodQueenslandAustralia
| | - John S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | - Geoff Orbell
- New Zealand Veterinary PathologyInstitute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary EducationUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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16
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Hoggard N, Munday JS, Luff J. Localization of Felis catus Papillomavirus Type 2 E6 and E7 RNA in Feline Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:409-416. [PMID: 29343198 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817750456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Findings from polymerase chain reaction-based methods have suggested a role of Felis catus papillomavirus 2 (FcaPV-2) in the development of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, because polymerase chain reaction cannot localize deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid within the lesion, it is difficult to differentiate a coincidental FcaPV-2 infection and a causative association. Given that a key event in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus-induced cancer is the expression of viral E6 and E7 oncogenes, localization of FcaPV-2 E6 and E7 transcription within neoplastic cells in feline SCCs would support a causative role for this papillomavirus. Therefore, RNAscope in situ hybridization was used to localize FcaPV-2 E6 and E7 transcripts in 18 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of cutaneous SCC. Positive signals were present within 5 of 9 samples (56%) from ultraviolet-protected sites and 0 of 9 samples from ultraviolet-exposed sites. In the 4 in situ hybridization-positive samples that contained adjacent hyperplastic skin, hybridization patterns in these regions were characterized by intense nuclear signals within the superficial epidermis and punctate signals within the basal epithelial layers. However, within the 5 SCCs, punctate signals were present within all layers of the epidermis, with progressive loss of intense nuclear signals within the superficial epidermis. This hybridization pattern is consistent with unregulated E6 and E7 transcription and decreased viral replication and is similar to the pattern observed in human papillomavirus-induced cancers as they progress from hyperplastic lesions containing productive infections to nonproductive neoplasms. These findings support a causative role for FcaPV-2 in the pathogenesis of feline SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hoggard
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John S Munday
- 2 Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer Luff
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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17
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Linder KE, Bizikova P, Luff J, Zhou D, Yuan H, Breuhaus B, Nelson E, Mackay R. Generalized papillomatosis in three horses associated with a novel equine papillomavirus (EcPV8). Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:72-e30. [PMID: 28833761 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, seven equine papillomaviruses (PV) are known and are associated with one of three different and distinct clinical presentations. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To report the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in horses with generalized papillomatosis associated with a novel equine PV, Equus caballus papillomavirus 8 (EcPV8). ANIMALS Three client-owned quarter horses. METHODS Case report, retrospective. RESULTS Dozens to thousands of papillomas involved the axilla, inguinal area and proximal limbs as well as the ventral and lateral neck, thorax and abdomen. Lesions were sometimes confluent in ventral areas. Fewer lesions were on the face, ears, distal limbs and genitalia. Plaque-type papillomas were small, 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter and hyperkeratotic. Histologically, plaque-type papillomas prominently involved follicular infundibula. Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated PV antigen in superficial keratinocyte nuclei. PCR using degenerate primers for the PV L1 gene and sequencing of amplicons revealed PV DNA sequences that were 98% identical for all three cases, but shared <70% identity to other PVs. Horses were otherwise healthy; serum immunoglobulin levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotyping did not identify a known immunodeficiency syndrome. Lesions nearly completely resolved after 1.5 years in one horse and persisted for two years in another, despite intralesional human IFN-alpha treatment. The oldest horse was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A novel equine papillomavirus (EcPV8) is associated with a distinct, plaque-type, generalized papillomatosis. Papillomas persisted for months to years, with or without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Jennifer Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 37th Street, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 37th Street, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Babetta Breuhaus
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nelson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Robert Mackay
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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18
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Munday JS, Thomson NA, Luff JA. Papillomaviruses in dogs and cats. Vet J 2017; 225:23-31. [PMID: 28720294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) cause disease in both dogs and cats. In dogs, PVs are thought to cause oral papillomatosis, cutaneous papillomas and canine viral pigmented plaques, whereas PVs have been rarely associated with the development of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in this species. In cats, PVs are currently thought to cause oral papillomas, feline viral plaques, Bowenoid in situ carcinomas and feline sarcoids. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that PVs may also be a cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas in cats. These diseases are discussed in this review. Additionally, there is a brief overview of PV biology, including how these viruses cause disease. Diagnostic techniques and possible methods to prevent PV infection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Neroli A Thomson
- Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer A Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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19
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Christensen ND, Budgeon LR, Cladel NM, Hu J. Recent advances in preclinical model systems for papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2016; 231:108-118. [PMID: 27956145 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical model systems to study multiple features of the papillomavirus life cycle have greatly aided our understanding of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) biology, disease progression and treatments. The challenge to studying HPV in hosts is that HPV along with most PVs are both species and tissue restricted. Thus, fundamental properties of HPV viral proteins can be assessed in specialized cell culture systems but host responses that involve innate immunity and host restriction factors requires preclinical surrogate models. Fortunately, there are several well-characterized and new animal models of papillomavirus infections that are available to the PV research community. Old models that continue to have value include canine, bovine and rabbit PV models and new rodent models are in place to better assess host-virus interactions. Questions arise as to the strengths and weaknesses of animal PV models for HPV disease and how accurately these preclinical models predict malignant progression, vaccine efficacy and therapeutic control of HPV-associated disease. In this review, we examine current preclinical models and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various models as well as provide an update on new opportunities to study the numerous unknowns that persist in the HPV research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Christensen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, USA.
| | - Lynn R Budgeon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Nancy M Cladel
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, USA
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20
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Lange CE, Diallo A, Zewe C, Ferrer L. Novel canine papillomavirus type 18 found in pigmented plaques. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 2:159-163. [PMID: 29074175 PMCID: PMC5886900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Lange
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Alos Diallo
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Zewe
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lluis Ferrer
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Sabattini S, Savini F, Gallina L, Scagliarini A, Bassi P, Bettini G. p16 Immunostaining of Canine Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Not Associated with Papillomaviral DNA. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159687. [PMID: 27441555 PMCID: PMC4956233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While papillomavirus (PVs) are an established cause of human cancer, few reports have supported a relationship between PV and canine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Human oncogenic PVs lead to an increased expression of the p16 tumor suppressor protein, and the latter can be demonstrated immunohistochemically to support a likely causal relationship between tumor and PV infection. In the present study, archive samples of canine SCC from different anatomical locations were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of PV DNA and by p16 immunohistochemistry. The aims were to investigate the relationship between p16 expression and presence of PV DNA, in order to assess the utility of p16 overexpression as a biomarker of PV infection in canine SCC. A total of 52 SCCs were included. Nine cases (17.3%) showed moderate p16 immunoreactivity, with no association with tumor degree of differentiation, histotype or mitotic activity. The canPVf/FAP64 primers amplified Canis familiaris PV-1 DNA from 3 out of 52 tumors (5.8%), one cutaneous, one oral and one tonsillar SCC. There was no association between PV presence and p16 immunostaining. These results do not support a significant role of PVs in the development of canine SCCs. Additionally, PV infection was apparently not the cause of the p16 immunostaining observed in a subset of canine SCCs. A better awareness of p16 level of expression and cellular function in canine cancer may help to define its diagnostic and prognostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sabattini
- Pathology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Virology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Laura Gallina
- Virology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Virology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Patrizia Bassi
- Pathology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Pathology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
- * E-mail:
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22
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Affolter VK. Dermatopathology - the link between ancillary techniques and clinical lesions. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:134-e28. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University California Davis; One Shields Avenue, VM3A, Room 4206 Davis CA 95616 USA
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23
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Luff J, Rowland P, Mader M, Orr C, Yuan H. Two Canine Papillomaviruses Associated With Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Two Related Basenji Dogs. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1160-1163. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816630795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PV) are associated with benign mucosal and cutaneous epithelial proliferations. In dogs, PV-associated pigmented plaques and papillomas can undergo malignant transformation, but this is rare, and most cases of canine squamous cell carcinoma do not arise from PV-induced precursor lesions. We describe herein the progression of pigmented plaques to invasive and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma associated with 2 canine papillomaviruses (CPV) in 2 related Basenji dogs. Immunohistochemistry for PV antigen revealed strong nuclear immunoreactivity within keratinocytes from pigmented plaques from both dogs, consistent with a productive viral infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers for the L1 gene revealed PV DNA sequences from 2 different CPVs. In situ hybridization for CPV revealed strong hybridization signals within the pigmented plaques and neoplastic squamous epithelial cells from both dogs. We report here progression of PV-associated pigmented plaques to metastatic squamous cell carcinoma within 2 Basenji dogs associated with 2 different CPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Luff
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - P. Rowland
- Histopath Consulting, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M. Mader
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - C. Orr
- Animal Clinic of East Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H. Yuan
- Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
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24
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Novel Papillomaviral Sequence Detected within Epidermal Plaques in a Wolf (Canis lupus). J Wildl Dis 2015; 52:177-9. [PMID: 26540181 DOI: 10.7589/2015-04-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe numerous pale plaques affecting the inguinal skin of a grey wolf (Canis lupus). Histologically, these were consistent with papillomaviral plaques. Immunohistochemistry confirmed papillomavirus antigens, and partial sequencing of the L1 gene suggests this is a novel papillomavirus most-closely related to Canis familiaris Papillomavirus 5.
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25
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Oral papillomatosis caused by Enhydra lutris papillomavirus 1 (ElPV-1) in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) in California, USA. J Wildl Dis 2015; 51:446-53. [PMID: 25647597 DOI: 10.7589/2014-06-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) is a threatened marine sentinel. During postmortem investigations of stranded sea otters from 2004 to 2013 in California, US, papillomas were detected in the oral cavity of at least seven otters via necropsy and histopathology. Next-generation sequencing of viral particles purified from a single papilloma revealed a novel papillomavirus, Enhydra lutris papillomavirus 1 (ElPV-1). The genome of ElPV-1 was obtained, representing the first fully sequenced viral genome from southern sea otters. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire L1 gene, as well as a concatenated protein identities plot of all papillomaviral genes revealed that ElPV-1 is a λ-papillomavirus, related to a raccoon papillomavirus (Procyon lotor papillomavirus type 1) and a canine oral papillomavirus. Immunohistochemical staining, using a cross-reactive bovine papillomavirus antibody, suggested that ElPV-1 is present in intranuclear inclusions and intracytoplasmic keratin granules. Virus-infected cells were scattered throughout the stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum of the gingival and buccal papillomas. Using ElPV-1-specific PCR, we confirmed viral DNA in oral papillomas from all seven stranded sea otters, with identical L1 sequences. This virus is associated with the development of oral papillomatosis in southern sea otters.
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26
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Bradley CW, Luff JA, Mauldin EA. Clinicopathological findings of canine seborrhoeic keratosis with comparison to pigmented viral plaques. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:432-8, e95. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomic Pathology; University of Pennsylvania; School of Veterinary Medicine; 3900 Delancey Street; MJR VHUP 4037; Philadelphia; PA; 19104-6051; USA
| | - Jennifer A. Luff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of California, Davis; School of Veterinary Medicine; One Shields Avenue; 4206 VM3A; Davis; CA; 95616; USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomic Pathology; University of Pennsylvania; School of Veterinary Medicine; 3900 Delancey Street; MJR VHUP 4037; Philadelphia; PA; 19104-6051; USA
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27
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Lange CE, Tobler K, Schraner EM, Vetsch E, Fischer NM, Ackermann M, Favrot C. Complete canine papillomavirus life cycle in pigmented lesions. Vet Microbiol 2013; 162:388-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Papillomaviruses are associated with benign and malignant neoplasias of the skin and mucous membranes. The sequence of a novel canine papillomavirus was determined from DNA detected in the oral cavity of a dog. The sequence of the novel virus canine papillomavirus type 13 (CPV13) shares the highest levels of similarity with the Tau papillomaviruses CPV2 and CPV7.
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