1
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Yoshida K, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kagawa Y, Uchida K. Immunohistochemical analyses of neural stem cell lineage markers in normal feline brains and glial tumors. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:46-57. [PMID: 37358305 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231182337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) lineage cells have not been fully identified in feline brains, and the NSC-like nature of feline glial tumors has not been determined. In this study, 6 normal cat brains (3 newborn and 3 older cats) and 13 feline glial tumors were analyzed using immunohistochemical NSC lineage markers. The feline glial tumors were subjected to immunohistochemical scoring followed by hierarchical cluster analysis. In newborn brains, glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP)/nestin/sex-determining region Y-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2)-immunopositive NSCs, SOX2-immunopositive intermediate progenitor cells, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α)-immunopositive oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), OLIG2/GFAP-immunopositive immature astrocytes, and neuronal nuclear (NeuN)/β-3 tubulin-immunopositive mature neuronal cells were observed. The apical membrane of NSCs was also immunopositive for Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1). In mature brains, the NSC lineage cells were similar to those of the newborn brains. A total of 13 glial tumors consisted of 2 oligodendrogliomas, 4 astrocytomas, 3 subependymomas, and 4 ependymomas. Astrocytomas, subependymomas, and ependymomas were immunopositive for GFAP, nestin, and SOX2. Subependymomas and ependymomas showed dot-like or apical membrane immunolabeling for NHERF1, respectively. Astrocytomas were immunopositive for OLIG2. Oligodendrogliomas and subependymomas were immunopositive for OLIG2 and PDGFR-α. Feline glial tumors also showed variable immunolabeling for β-3 tubulin, NeuN, and synaptophysin. Based on these results, feline astrocytomas, subependymomas, and ependymomas appear to have an NSC-like immunophenotype. In addition, astrocytomas, subependymomas, and ependymomas have the characteristics of glial, oligodendrocyte precursor, and ependymal cells, respectively. Feline oligodendrogliomas likely have an OPC-like immunophenotype. In addition, feline glial tumors may have multipotential stemness for differentiation into neuronal cells. These preliminary results should be validated by gene expression analyses in future studies with larger case numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kazumi Nibe
- FUJIFILM VET Systems Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Santifort KM, Tamura S, Rissi DR, Grinwis GCM. Case report: Surgical treatment of an astrocytoma in the thoracic spinal cord of a cat. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1264916. [PMID: 37941813 PMCID: PMC10628209 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 15-year-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat was evaluated for chronic progressive paraparesis and proprioceptive ataxia. Neurological examination was consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy. Plain thoracolumbar vertebral column radiographs and CT without intravenous contrast or myelography performed at another facility did not highlight any abnormalities. MRI of the thoracolumbar spinal cord identified an intraparenchymal space-occupying lesion extending from T10-T12. Surgery was performed to remove as much of the mass as possible, and to submit samples for histopathology. A dorsal laminectomy was performed over T9-T13. A midline myelotomy provided access to the mass, which was debrided with an intraoperative estimate of 80% removal. Histopathologic examination was consistent with a diagnosis of an astrocytoma. Post-operative treatment consisted of amoxicillin clavulanic acid, prednisolone, gabapentin, and additional analgesic medications in the direct post-operative period. Over the following 4 months, slow recovery of motor function was seen with continued physiotherapy. During the following 2 months, renal and cardiopulmonary disease were diagnosed and treated by other veterinarians. The cat was also reported to have lost voluntary movement in the pelvic limbs during this period, suggesting regression to paraplegia. Finally, 6 months post-surgery, the owner elected humane euthanasia. This is the second documentation of surgical treatment and outcome of an astrocytoma in the spinal cord of a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M. Santifort
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, Netherlands
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel R. Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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3
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Korff CP, Chu SA, Percival AJ, Nelissen S, Wood JH, Davies E, Miller AD, Newman AW. Unique cytologic and imaging features of a lumbosacral oligodendroglioma in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:289-294. [PMID: 37010018 PMCID: PMC10185999 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-y-old castrated male domestic longhaired cat had progressive paraparesis and neurolocalization of L4-S3. MRI revealed a circumscribed intradural-extraparenchymal mass from L5 to S1 that was T2 and short tau inversion recovery hyperintense and strongly contrast-enhancing. Cytologic interpretation of a blind fine-needle aspirate obtained through the L5-L6 space was a tumor of probable mesenchymal origin. A pair of suspect neoplastic cells was seen on a cytocentrifuged preparation of the atlanto-occipital CSF sample, despite a normal nucleated cell count (0 × 106/L) and total protein (0.11 g/L) with only 3 RBCs × 106/L. Clinical signs progressed despite increasing doses of prednisolone and cytarabine arabinoside. Repeat MRI on day 162 demonstrated tumor progression from L4 to Cd2 vertebral segments with intraparenchymal extension. Surgical tumor debulking was attempted, but an L4-S1 dorsal laminectomy revealed diffusely abnormal neuroparenchyma. Intraoperative cryosection favored lymphoma, and the cat was euthanized intraoperatively 163 d following presentation. Postmortem examination was performed, and the final diagnosis was a high-grade oligodendroglioma. This case illustrates the cytologic, cryosection, and MRI features of a unique clinical presentation of oligodendroglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P. Korff
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shelley A. Chu
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aaron J. Percival
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Nelissen
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Wood
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emma Davies
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ashleigh W. Newman
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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4
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Rissi DR. A review of primary central nervous system neoplasms of cats. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:294-307. [PMID: 36803009 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231155400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are uncommonly diagnosed in cats. The majority of primary feline CNS neoplasms described in the veterinary literature consist of meningioma and glioma occurring mainly in the brain and less often in the spinal cord. Although most neoplasms can be diagnosed based on routine histologic evaluation, less typical tumors need to be further characterized using immunohistochemistry. This review compiles the relevant information about the most common primary CNS neoplasms of cats available in the veterinary literature, aiming to serve as a converging source of information for the topic.
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5
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Hasegawa D, Aoshima K, Sasaoka K, Kobayashi A, Takiguchi M, Kimura T. Malignant oligoastrocytoma in the spinal cord of a cat. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1277-1282. [PMID: 35908858 PMCID: PMC9523307 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year and 3-month spayed female mixed cat was presented with severe lumbar pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and postmortem examination revealed a swollen lesion in the spinal cord at L3 level. Histologic examination identified extensive neoplastic cell proliferation with massive necrosis in the tumor tissue. Two types of neoplastic cells were recognized. One type of neoplastic cells were large cells characterized by round to polygonal shape and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm (referred to as "large cells"). The other neoplastic cells were small, densely proliferated, and had round to irregular shape and scant eosinophilic cytoplasm (referred to as "small cells"). Both types of cells were positive for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 and SRY-box transcription factor 10. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was positive in large cells but negative in most small cells. Digital analysis for Ki-67-stained tumor tissues found that total 21.1% ± 6.5% of tumor cells were positive for Ki-67. Based on these findings, we diagnosed malignant oligoastrocytoma in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hasegawa
- Laboratories of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Keisuke Aoshima
- Laboratories of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Kazuyoshi Sasaoka
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratories of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratories of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
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6
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Elbert JA, Rissi DR. Doublecortin immunolabeling and lack of neuronal nuclear protein immunolabeling in feline gliomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:757-760. [PMID: 35678136 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) can be used as immunomarkers of neuronal progenitor cells and mature neurons, respectively. Increased DCX immunolabeling has been associated with tumor invasion in human gliomas and anaplastic canine meningiomas. These immunomarkers have not been assessed in feline gliomas. Here we characterized the DCX and NeuN immunohistochemistry (IHC) profile in 11 feline gliomas (7 oligodendrogliomas, 4 astrocytomas). Immunolabeling was classified according to intensity (weak, moderate, strong), distribution of neoplastic cell immunolabeling (1 = <30%, 2 = 30-70%, 3 = >70%), and predominant location within the neoplasm (random or at tumor margins). DCX immunolabeling was strong in 6 cases, weak in 4 cases, and moderate in 1 case. The distribution of DCX immunolabeling was characterized as 1 (4 cases), 2 (4 cases), and 3 (3 cases). DCX immunolabeling occurred predominantly in astrocytomas, which had stronger immunostaining at the tumor margins. NeuN immunolabeling was absent in all cases. Our IHC findings are similar to those reported for DCX and NeuN IHC in canine gliomas. The increased DCX immunolabeling at tumor margins is similar to labeling in invasive human gliomas and anaplastic canine meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Elbert
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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7
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de Witt AA, Lewis M, Schoeman JP. Choroid plexus carcinoma in a dog—case report. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anika A. de Witt
- Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Pretoria Gauteng South Africa
| | - Michelle Lewis
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Pretoria Gauteng South Africa
| | - Johan P. Schoeman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Pretoria Gauteng South Africa
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8
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Chludzinski E, Puff C, Weber J, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Case Report: Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Oligodendrogliomatosis in a Young Adult Cat. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:795126. [PMID: 34977226 PMCID: PMC8714914 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.795126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old cat was presented with progressive ataxia. Despite treatment the animal died. Pathomorphological examination revealed a widespread leptomeningeal mass at all levels of the central nervous system accentuated on the cervical spinal cord and the medulla oblongata without presence of a primary intraaxial tumor. The neoplasm was mainly composed of round, uninucleate cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, which were immunopositive for OLIG2, doublecortin, MAP2, synaptophysin, and vimentin, indicating components of both oligodendroglial and neuronal differentiation. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry indicated a high proliferation activity of the neoplasm. Few GFAP positive and Iba-1 positive cells were interpreted as reactive astrocytes and macrophages or microglia, respectively. The tumor was immunonegative for CD3, CD20, PAX5, MUM1, pan-cytokeratin, S100, NSE, p75NTR, NeuN and periaxin. These findings led to the diagnosis of primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis. This is the first reported case of this entity in a young cat, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis for diffuse subarachnoidal round cell infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chludzinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weber
- Tierärztliche Praxis für Kleintiere Dr. med. vet. Jürgen Weber, Oer-Erkenschwick, Germany
| | - Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
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9
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Mulder AT, Clarke L, Barber R, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:383-386. [PMID: 33539201 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Rissi DR, Donovan TA, Porter BF, Frank C, Miller AD. Canine Gliomatosis Cerebri: Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization Is Supportive of Glial Histogenesis. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:293-304. [PMID: 33357125 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a glioma subtype with diffuse neuroparenchymal infiltration without architectural distortion. GC was first used in human neuropathology and remained controversial until its elimination from the diagnostic lexicon in 2016. GC is currently defined as a diffuse growth pattern of glioma rather than a distinct entity. In this article, we characterize 24 cases of canine GC and classify these neoplasms as diffuse gliomas. Selected cases of canine GC were reviewed and immunolabeled for oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (Olig2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase). The mean age of affected dogs was 7 years, and 9 were brachycephalic. Gross lesions (8 cases) consisted mainly of parenchymal swelling. Histologically, of the 24 cases, there was widespread infiltration of neoplastic cells with astrocytic (12 cases), oligodendroglial (8 cases), or mixed morphology (4 cases) in the brain (18 cases), spinal cord (4 cases), or both (2 cases). Secondary structures occurred across different tumor grades and were not restricted to high-grade neoplasms. Astrocytic neoplasms had moderate nuclear immunolabeling for Olig2 and robust cytoplasmic immunolabeling for GFAP. Oligodendroglial neoplasms had robust nuclear immunolabeling for Olig2, moderate or absent cytoplasmic immunolabeling for GFAP, and moderate cytoplasmic immunolabeling for CNPase. Tumors with mixed morphology had robust nuclear immunolabeling for Olig2 and variable cytoplasmic immunolabeling for GFAP and CNPase. Morphologic and immunohistochemical features confirmed a glial histogenesis for all tumors and allowed for their classification as diffuse, low- or high-grade astrocytoma; oligodendroglioma; or undefined glioma. Further research is needed to confirm or refute the hypothesis that canine GC represents an infiltrative growth pattern of canine glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chad Frank
- 3447Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA
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11
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Murthy VD, Liepnieks ML, Roy MA, Woolard KD, Sturges BK, Li CF. Diagnosis and clinical outcome following surgical resection of an intracranial grade III anaplastic gemistocytic astrocytoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920939479. [PMID: 32782816 PMCID: PMC7388105 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920939479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old Maine Coon cat was presented for acute onset seizures and cerebrothalamic signs. An intracranial mass, suspected to be a meningioma, was diagnosed on MRI and surgically excised. Histopathology appeared consistent with an atypical meningioma. However, following rapid regrowth of the neoplasm, the patient was humanely euthanized 3 months later. On post-mortem histopathology, the neoplasm was diagnosed as a grade III anaplastic gemistocytic astrocytoma. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Gemistocytic astrocytomas are rare brain tumors in the feline patient. This case represents the first report of a feline grade III anaplastic gemistocytic astrocytoma in the cerebrum of a cat with surgical excision and recurrence. The challenging nature of ante-mortem diagnosis and the guarded prognosis, despite surgical intervention, are presented in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal D Murthy
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital,
University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Molly L Liepnieks
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory,
University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Melissa A Roy
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory,
University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
& Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Beverly K Sturges
- Department of Surgical and Radiological
Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chai-Fei Li
- Department of Surgical and Radiological
Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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12
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Pupin RC, Rissi DR, Gomes DC, Gimelli A, Palumbo MIP. High‐grade astrocytoma with ventricular invasion in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Chitolina Pupin
- Anatomic Pathology LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMSBrazil
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic LaboratoryUniversity of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Danilo Carloto Gomes
- Anatomic Pathology LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMSBrazil
| | - Amanda Gimelli
- Professional Residence in Veterinary MedicineFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil
| | - Mariana Isa Poci Palumbo
- Small Animal Medical ClinicFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
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13
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Palma RJ, Bush W, Church ME, Paek M. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 255:55-58. [PMID: 31194660 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Zoll WM, Miller AD, Bandt C, Abbott JR. Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis in a domestic shorthaired cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:94-97. [PMID: 30803413 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718822683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-y-old neutered male domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a 16-d history of hindlimb paralysis in conjunction with 1-wk duration of inappetence and lethargy. Given intractable clinical signs, development of seizures, and poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Gross examination revealed mild, chronic, multifocal intervertebral disk disease; however, no gross abnormalities were noted in the spinal cord. Histologic examination of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord and the myelencephalon revealed diffuse and variable expansion of the meninges by sheets of neoplastic round-to-polygonal cells. The cells formed sheets and clusters, supported by a variably eosinophilic, fibrillar-to-basophilic, homogeneous matrix, and contained a small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were round with finely stippled to hyperchromatic chromatin and 1-2 small nucleoli. Mild white matter degeneration was present in the dorsal and ventral funiculi multifocally throughout the spinal cord, but was most severe in the ventral lumbar sections. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong intranuclear immunoreactivity for Olig2, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, MAP2, and vimentin in the neoplastic glial cells. To our knowledge, primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis has not been reported previously in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Zoll
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
| | - Carston Bandt
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
| | - Jeffrey R Abbott
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
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15
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Immunohistochemical Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration in Feline Glioma. J Comp Pathol 2018; 160:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Schweizer-Gorgas D, Henke D, Oevermann A, Lang J, Vandevelde M, Steffen F. Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine gliomatosis cerebri. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:180-187. [PMID: 29110365 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective, case series study was undertaken to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of gliomatosis cerebri in dogs. Fourteen dogs were included by review of histopathological records and contemporaneous MRI. On MRI, all lesions presented as ill-defined, intraaxial lesions within the left and right forebrain hemispheres with involvement of white and gray matter. Lesions presented as hyperintense areas on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences and as hypointense or isointense areas on T1-weighted images, with mild parenchymal contrast enhancement in three dogs. Signal changes were noted in three to 10 cerebral lobes. Other most commonly affected structures were the thalamus (13), caudate nucleus (13), interthalamic adhesion (11), hypothalamus (11), callosal commissure (10), hippocampus (9), and quadrigeminal plate (8). Abnormalities within the caudal fossa were noted in 10 dogs. Solid tumor portions were identified in five dogs. The histopathological examination demonstrated in all dogs a widespread diffuse infiltration with neoplastic glial cells in white and gray matter with meningeal infiltration. Comparison between MRI and histopathology showed that all areas with signal changes on MRI corresponded to diffuse and dense infiltration with neoplastic cells. The signal intensity on T2-weighted and FLAIR images reflected the density of neoplastic cells. In all dogs, MRI underestimated lesion extent and meningeal infiltration. Involvement of the caudal fossa was not seen on MRI in three dogs. Despite this, MRI allowed identification of lesions extending into at least three cerebral lobes and therefore satisfying the criteria used for diagnosis of diffuse glioma with gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schweizer-Gorgas
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana Henke
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johann Lang
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Vandevelde
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Abstract
Case series summary This study aimed to evaluate the pathologic and diagnostic features of 13 cases of feline glioma diagnosed at two veterinary diagnostic institutions over 16 years. A retrospective search was conducted using the laboratory information system. Selected cases were reviewed, tumors were classified according to the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, and tissue sections were submitted to an immunohistochemistry panel for further characterization. Affected cats were adults (average age 8 years), and male neutered (9/13) domestic shorthair cats (12/13) were over-represented. Clinical signs had acute onset and were progressive, lasting from 1-60 days (average course 20.7 days). Euthanasia was elected in all but one case, owing to a poor prognosis or because of a suspicion of rabies. Tumors occurred in the telencephalon (8/13), spinal cord (3/13) and brainstem (2/13). Gross changes in seven cases consisted of well- or poorly demarcated, gray-to-brown, soft, gelatinous masses that often caused secondary changes to the brain. The final diagnosis and classification were made based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Diagnoses consisted of oligodendroglioma (six cases), anaplastic astrocytoma (two cases), oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, gliomatosis cerebri, glioblastoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (one case each). Relevance and novel information This article confirms the need for a full neurologic and neuropathologic examination in cats with clinical neurologic disease. In addition, it highlights and proposes a complete routine immunohistochemical panel for diagnostic confirmation and differentiation between glioma and other morphologically similar central nervous system neoplasms in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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18
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Abstract
Spinal cord glioma is uncommonly reported in dogs. We describe the clinicopathologic and diagnostic features of 7 cases of canine spinal cord glioma and briefly review the veterinary literature on this topic. The median age at presentation was 7.2 y. Six females and 1 male were affected and 4 dogs were brachycephalic. The clinical course lasted from 3 d to 12 wk, and clinical signs were progressive and associated with multiple suspected neuroanatomic locations in the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging of 6 cases revealed T2-weighted hyperintense lesions with variable contrast enhancement in the spinal cord. All dogs had a presumptive clinical diagnosis of intraparenchymal neoplasia or myelitis based on history, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Euthanasia was elected in all cases because of poor outcome despite anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive treatment or because of poor prognosis at the time of diagnosis. Tumor location during autopsy ranged from C1 to L6, with no clear predilection for a specific spinal cord segment. The diagnosis was based on histopathology and the immunohistochemistry expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2, 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and Ki-67. Diagnoses consisted of 4 cases of oligodendroglioma, 2 cases of gliomatosis cerebri, and 1 astrocytoma. This case series further defines the clinicopathologic features of canine spinal glioma and highlights the need for comprehensive immunohistochemistry in addition to routine histopathology to confirm the diagnosis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Renee Barber
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Annabelle Burnum
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
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19
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Shrader S, Lai S, Cline K, Moon R. Gliomatosis Cerebri in the Brain of a Cat. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3030013. [PMID: 29056722 PMCID: PMC5606574 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An eight-year-old, neutered, female, long-haired cat was presented with a three-week history of progressive lethargy, unlocalized pain in the cervical and lumbar spine, and unwillingness to move. An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain revealed poorly circumscribed regions of non-contrast-enhancing heterogeneous T2 hyperintensity within the ventral forebrain and midbrain. A mass effect and evidence of increased intracranial pressure, including transtentorial herniation of the midbrain and herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum, were also observed. Due to progressive clinical decline and MRI results, the cat was humanely euthanized. Gross examination of the brain confirmed caudal transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation. The ventral aspect of the forebrain, midbrain, and brainstem were soft and had loss of detail, but lacked a grossly discernible mass. Histopathological examination found a poorly delineated neoplastic mass composed of hyperchromatic cells with indistinct cytoplasm, ovoid to elongate or curved nuclei, and indistinct nucleoli. The cells lacked immunoreactivity for Olig2, GFAP, Iba1, CD3, and Pax5. Based on the cellular morphology, immunolabeling characteristics, and anatomical location, a diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri was made. Although uncommon, gliomatosis cerebri should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with central nervous system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shrader
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Serene Lai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Kelsey Cline
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Rachel Moon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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