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Kuczera K, Orłowska A, Smreczak M, Frant M, Trębas P, Rola J. Prevalence of Astroviruses in Different Animal Species in Poland. Viruses 2024; 16:80. [PMID: 38257780 PMCID: PMC10819871 DOI: 10.3390/v16010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) are small RNA viruses characterized by a high mutation rate, the ability to recombine, and interspecies transmission, which allows them to infect a multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, and farmed animals as well as wildlife. AstVs are stable in the environment, and their transmission is usually through the fecal-oral route or via contaminated water and food. Although direct zoonotic transmission was not confirmed, interspecies transmission events have occurred or have been indicated to occur in the past between wild and domestic animals and humans. They cause large economic losses, mainly in the poultry sector, due to gastroenteritis and mortality. In young children, they are the second most common cause of diarrhea. This study involved 166 intestine samples and pools of spleen, lymph node, and kidney samples collected from 352 wild animals, 52 pigs, and 31 companion animals. Astroviruses were detected in the intestine samples and were separately detected in pools of tissue samples prepared for individual animals using a heminested RT-PCR protocol. Amplicons were subjected to Sanger sequencing, and a phylogenetic analysis of 320 nt RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) fragments referring to known nt sequences of astroviruses was performed. Astroviral RNA was detected in the intestine samples and/or tissue pools of red foxes (nine positive intestines and six positive tissue pools), rats (two positive intestines and three positive tissue pools), a cat (one AstV detected in an intestine sample), pigs (eight positive tissue pools), and wild boars (two positive pools of spleens, kidneys, and lymph nodes). No astroviral RNA was detected in wild mustelids, dogs, or other small wild animals including rodents. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the astroviruses detected during this study were mostly host-specific, such as porcine, canine, and rat astroviruses that were highly homologous to the sequences of reference strains. In one of two wild boars, an AstV distinct to porcine species was found with the highest nt identity to Avastroviruses, i.e., turkey astroviruses, which suggests potential cross-species transmission of the virus, as previously described. Here, we present the first detection of astroviruses in the population of wild animals, companion animals, and pigs in Poland, confirming that astroviruses are frequent pathogens circulating in animals in the field. Our study also suggests potential cross-species transmission of Avaastrovirus to wild boars; however, further molecular characterization is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kuczera
- Voivodship Veterinary Inspectorate Katowice, ul. Brynowska 25a, 40-585 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Orłowska
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Marcin Smreczak
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Maciej Frant
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Paweł Trębas
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Jerzy Rola
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.T.); (J.R.)
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Chae SB, Jeong CG, Park JS, Na EJ, Oem JK. Detection and Genetic Characterization of Astroviruses in Brain Tissues of Wild Raccoon Dogs. Viruses 2023; 15:1488. [PMID: 37515175 PMCID: PMC10384943 DOI: 10.3390/v15071488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) have been detected in a wide range of animal species, including mammals and birds. Recently, a novel AstV associated with neurological symptoms has been detected in the brains of some mammals. Raccoon dog AstV has been reported recently in China. However, there have been no reports in South Korea. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect and genetically characterize AstVs in the intestine and brain tissues of 133 wild raccoon dogs collected in Korea between 2017 and 2019. Of the seven raccoon dogs, AstVs were detected in six intestinal tissues and four brain tissues. Analysis of the capsid protein amino acid sequences of raccoon dog AstVs detected in Korea revealed a high similarity to canine AstVs, suggesting possible interspecies transmission between raccoon dogs and dogs. Phylogenetic and capsid protein amino acid sequence analysis of raccoon dog AstVs detected in the brain the 17-148B strain belonging to the HMO clade and exhibiting conserved sequences found in neurotropic AstVs (NT-AstVs), indicating their potential as NT-AstVs. However, the pathogenicity and transmission routes of the raccoon dog AstV detected in Korea have not yet been elucidated, so further research and continued surveillance for AstV in wild raccoon dogs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Beom Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Soo Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Na
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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Fang Q, Li M, Liu H, Chen K, Du Y, Wen C, Wei Y, Ouyang K, Wei Z, Chen Y, Huang W. Detection and Genetic Diversity of a Novel Water Buffalo Astrovirus Species Found in the Guangxi Province of China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:692193. [PMID: 34307530 PMCID: PMC8295894 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.692193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) are major causative agents of gastroenteritis and have been detected worldwide. Little is known about the prevalence of neurotropic AstVs in Chinese water buffaloes, but a novel species which is associated with encephalitis and meningitis has recently been found. In this study, based on nested RT-PCR, rapid amplification of the 3′-cDNA end (3′-RACE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we examined the infection of AstVs in water buffaloes in the Guangxi Province of China. The results showed that the AstV infection was found in 40% (6/15) of the farms examined, and the prevalence of AstV in their feces was 11% (33/297). In addition, two near-full-length and two complete open reading frame 2 (ORF2) genes of AstVs from fecal sources were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF2 sequences indicated three lineages of BufAstVs, BufAstV lineage 1 was close related to the BoAstV, lineage 2 was related to the BufAstVs, and lineage 3 was classified as novel AstVs, which had a close relationship with the neurotropic/neurovirulent AstVs strains found in bovine, ovine, and musks. Moreover, genomic a recombination between the BufAstV and BoAstV strains was identified. This is a novel study reporting the genetic diversity of BufAstV infection in China especially found the similar neurotropic strains from fecal sources of water buffaloes, and it also provides details of the epidemiology, genetic recombination, and interspecies transmission of BoAstV and BufAstV in water buffaloes from the Guangxi Province of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Fang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medicine University, Guilin, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kuirong Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanjie Du
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chongli Wen
- Breeding Farm of Water Buffalo, Guangxi Institute of Buffalo Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yingyi Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Beyond the Gastrointestinal Tract: The Emerging and Diverse Tissue Tropisms of Astroviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050732. [PMID: 33922259 PMCID: PMC8145421 DOI: 10.3390/v13050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are single stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have been historically associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans. However, there is now a multitude of evidence demonstrating the capacity of these viruses to cause extraintestinal diseases. The most striking causal relationship is neurological diseases in humans, cattle, pigs, and other mammals, caused by astrovirus infection. Astroviruses have also been associated with disseminated infections, localized disease of the liver or kidneys, and there is increasing evidence suggesting a potential tropism to the respiratory tract. This review will discuss the current understanding of the tissue tropisms for astroviruses and their emerging capacity to cause disease in multiple organ systems.
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Li Y, Gordon E, Idle A, Hui A, Chan R, Seguin MA, Delwart E. Astrovirus Outbreak in an Animal Shelter Associated With Feline Vomiting. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:628082. [PMID: 33644152 PMCID: PMC7905307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.628082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of cat vomiting was observed in an animal shelter. Testing for known enteric feline pathogens did not identify a causative agent. Viral metagenomics on four mini pools of feces from cases and controls housed in the same area revealed the presence of feline astrovirus in all pools. Also found with fewer reads in one pool each were rotavirus I, carnivore bocaparvovirus 3, norovirus (NoV) GVI, and a novel dependovirus. The genome of the highly prevalent astrovirus was sequenced and classified into mamastrovirus species two, also known as feline astrovirus. Real-time RT-PCR on longitudinally acquired fecal samples from 11 sick cases showed 10 (91%) to be shedding astrovirus for as long as 19 days. Affected cats were sick for an average of 9.8 days, with a median of 2.5 days (range = 1–31 days). Unaffected control cats housed in the same areas during the outbreak showed five out of nine (56%) to also be shedding astrovirus. Feline fecal samples collected from the same animal shelter ~1 year before (n = 8) and after (n = 10) showed none to be shedding astrovirus, indicating that this virus was temporarily associated with the vomiting outbreak and is not part of the commensal virome for cats in this shelter. Together with the absence of highly prevalent known pathogens, our results support a role for feline astrovirus infection, as well as significant asymptomatic shedding, in an outbreak of contagious feline vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emilia Gordon
- The British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda Idle
- The British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alvin Hui
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Roxanne Chan
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., Markham, ON, Canada
| | - M Alexis Seguin
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Brussel KV, Wang X, Shi M, Carrai M, Li J, Martella V, Beatty JA, Holmes EC, Barrs VR. Identification of Novel Astroviruses in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Domestic Cats. Viruses 2020; 12:E1301. [PMID: 33198334 PMCID: PMC7697530 DOI: 10.3390/v12111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses, isolated from numerous avian and mammalian species including humans, are commonly associated with enteritis and encephalitis. Two astroviruses have previously been identified in cats, and while definitive evidence is lacking, an association with enteritis is suggested. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing of viral nucleic acids from faecal samples, we identified two novel feline astroviruses termed Feline astrovirus 3 and 4. These viruses were isolated from healthy shelter-housed kittens (Feline astrovirus 3; 6448 bp) and from a kitten with diarrhoea that was co-infected with Feline parvovirus (Feline astrovirus 4, 6549 bp). Both novel astroviruses shared a genome arrangement of three open reading frames (ORFs) comparable to that of other astroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated ORFs, ORF1a, ORF1b and capsid protein revealed that both viruses were phylogenetically distinct from other feline astroviruses, although their precise evolutionary history could not be accurately determined due to a lack of resolution at key nodes. Large-scale molecular surveillance studies of healthy and diseased cats are needed to determine the pathogenicity of feline astroviruses as single virus infections or in co-infections with other enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Van Brussel
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.V.B.); (J.A.B.)
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.); (E.C.H.)
| | - Xiuwan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Mang Shi
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.); (E.C.H.)
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Maura Carrai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Julia A. Beatty
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.V.B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.); (E.C.H.)
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.V.B.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
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Wang Y, Fu Z, Guo X, Zhang D, Bai C, Li W, Liu G, Li Y, Jiang S. Development of SYBR Green I-based real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of feline astrovirus. J Virol Methods 2020; 288:114012. [PMID: 33157149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a SYBR Green I-based real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed for the clinical diagnosis of feline astroviruses (FeAstVs). Specific primers were designed based on the conserved region of the FeAstV ORF1b gene. Experiments for specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability of the assay were carried out. In addition, the assay was evaluated using clinical samples. Specificity analysis indicated that the assay showed negative results with samples of Feline Parvovirus, Feline Herpesvirus, Feline Calicivirus, Feline Bocavirus, and Feline Coronavirus, indicating good specificity of the assay. Sensitivity analysis showed that the SYBR Green I-based real-time RT-PCR method could detect as low as 3.72 × 101 copies/μL of template, which is 100-fold more sensitive compared to the conventional RT-PCR. Both intra-assay and inter-assay variability were lower than 1 %, indicating good reproducibility. Furthermore, an analysis of 150 fecal samples showed that the positive detection rate of SYBR Green I-based real-time RT-PCR was higher than that of the conventional RT-PCR, indicating the high reliability of the method. The assay is cheap and effective. Therefore, it could provide support for the detection of FeAstV in large-scale clinical testing and epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Ziteng Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Xu Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Caixia Bai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of feline astrovirus from Anhui province in eastern China. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:354. [PMID: 32766095 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic and molecular characteristics of feline astrovirus. A total of 33 fecal samples of domestic cats with or without diarrhea were collected from the Anhui province, and two positive samples were detected. The complete genome and ORF2 of the two strains were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. AH-1-2020 and AH-2-2020 displayed 83.4% homology, and their homologies with other reference strains were 75.3%-83.4% and 83.4%-95.0%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that all strains could be classified into three different clusters; therefore, the mean amino acid genetic distances (p-dist) among the three clusters were estimated. The results suggested that the two strains and other FeAstV strains were grouped into three genotypes, with AH-1-2020 belonging to a novel genotype. High similarity was observed (65.9%-66.5% nucleotide identity and 63.8%-64.8% amino acid identity) in ORF2 between porcine astrovirus type 1 and AH-1-2020. Furthermore, inter-specific recombination between porcine astrovirus type 1 and FeAstV was observed. We, therefore, inferred that inter-specific transmission may exist between pigs and cats; however, further studies are required to verify this. This is the first report on the genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of FeAstVs in the Anhui province and would further the current understanding of the genetic diversity and epidemiology of FeAstVs.
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Collinet A, Garcia G, Wellehan J, Childress A, Carrera-Justiz S. Investigation of astrovirus and bornavirus in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs clinically diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:232-236. [PMID: 31785029 PMCID: PMC6979266 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suppurative encephalitides in a variety of species, including humans and dogs, have been linked to infection by astroviruses and bornaviruses. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine whether or not ribonucleic acid of astroviruses or bornaviruses was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs with clinically diagnosed meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE). ANIMALS Twenty-five client-owned dogs evaluated by CSF analysis at a single university referral hospital. METHODS Prospective case-control study. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from clinically diagnosed MUE and control cases and evaluated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the presence of astrovirus and bornavirus. RESULTS Neither astrovirus nor bornavirus nucleic acids were identified in CSF collected from 20 clinically diagnosed MUE and 5 control cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The negative results of this investigation suggest that astrovirus and bornavirus are not commonly detectable in CSF of dogs with MUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Collinet
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gabriel Garcia
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jim Wellehan
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - April Childress
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sheila Carrera-Justiz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Marsilio F. Feline Virome-A Review of Novel Enteric Viruses Detected in Cats. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100908. [PMID: 31575055 PMCID: PMC6832874 DOI: 10.3390/v11100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the diagnostic and metagenomic investigations of the feline enteric environment have allowed the identification of several novel viruses that have been associated with gastroenteritis in cats. In the last few years, noroviruses, kobuviruses, and novel parvoviruses have been repetitively detected in diarrheic cats as alone or in mixed infections with other pathogens, raising a number of questions, with particular regards to their pathogenic attitude and clinical impact. In the present article, the current available literature on novel potential feline enteric viruses is reviewed, providing a meaningful update on the etiology, epidemiologic, pathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of the infections caused by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Martino
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Irene Melegari
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Vilcek S, Salamunova S, Jackova A. Genetic identification of astroviruses in wild boars. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:91-94. [PMID: 30481990 PMCID: PMC6351768 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are widely detected in pigs but their detection in wild boars is rather sporadic. In this study, astroviruses were detected in organ homogenates of wild boars by applying nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the typing was carried out by phylogenetic analysis. Overall, 30/200 (15.0%) homogenates were positive for astroviruses. Genetic typing revealed that of 13 amplicons analyzed, 8 were typed as porcine astrovirus lineage 2 (PAstV-2), 2 as lineage 4 (PAstV-4), 2 identical sequences were grouped with chicken astrovirus, and 1 sequence belonged to a bat astrovirus lineage. This first identification of chicken and bat astroviruses in wild boars indicates interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vilcek
- Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, SK-041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomira Salamunova
- Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, SK-041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Jackova
- Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, SK-041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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Molecular characterization of feline astrovirus in domestic cats from Northeast China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205441. [PMID: 30300387 PMCID: PMC6177177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline astrovirus (FeAstV) which belonged to the genus Mamastrovirus was first identified in the feces of kittens with diarrhea in the USA in 1981 by electron microscopy, and had been reported in many countries. Presently, there are no any reports of the circulation of FeAstV in mainland China. We performed this study to investigate the apparent prevalence and genetic variability of FeAstV infected in cats in mainland China for the first time. We tested fecal samples of 105 cats with diarrhea and 92 asymptomatic cats in five cities in northeast China by RT-PCR targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of FeAstV, and analyzed sequences variability and phylogenetic evolution based on the complete capsid gene of FeAstV strains obtained from positive samples. The overall prevalence of FeAstV was 23.4% (46/197) of which 38 were tested in cats with diarrhea (36.2%, 38/105) and 8 were in asymptomatic cats (8.7%, 8/92). Mixed infection with other enteroviruses including feline parvovirus (FPV), feline bocavirus (FBoV) and feline kobuvirus (FeKoV) was found in 38 FeAstV-positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete capsid gene revealed all FeAstV strains were divided into two different groups with a 0.454±0.016 of mean amino acid genetic distance between two groups, suggesting that FeAstVs should be classified into two different genotype species. This study provided the first molecular evidence that FeAstV with considerable genetic diversity was circulating in northeast China, and analyzed genetic variability and classification of FeAstVs for the first time.
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