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Xu Z, Feng X, Song Z, Li X, Li K, Li M, Wang X, Liu B, Sun C. Cell-Free Supernatant of Bacillus subtilis G2B9-Q Improves Intestinal Health and Modulates Immune Response to Promote Mouse Recovery in Clostridium perfringens Infection. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:243. [PMID: 38935166 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is one of the critical causative agents causing diarrhea in piglets, with significant economic losses to the pig industry. Under normal gut microbiota homeostasis and well-managed barns, diarrhea caused by C. perfringens could be controlled. Some reports show that probiotics, such as Bacillus subtilis, are beneficial in preventing necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens, but few reports on piglets. Clostridium perfringens was found in the piglets' diarrhea with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in our survey. Bacillus subtilis G2B9-Q, which was isolated from the feces of healthy pigs, was found to have anti-Clostridium activity after screening. Clostridium perfringens was used to challenge mice by intraperitoneal injection for modeling to evaluate the anti-infective activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of B. subtilis G2B9-Q and different concentrations of B. subtilis G2B9-Q by oral administration. The results showed that G2B9-Q can mitigate intestinal lesions caused by C. perfringens infection, reduce inflammatory reactions, and modulate intestinal microbiota. The CFS of G2B9-Q can alleviate the pathological damage of intestinal tissues caused by C. perfringens infection, reduce the concentration of TNF-α and IL-10 in the sera of mice, as well as the relative expression levels of alpha toxin (CPA), perfringolysin O (PFO) toxin, IL-10, IL-22, and TNF-α in the jejunum and colon tissues, and alleviate the changes in gut microbiota structure caused by C. perfringens infection, which showed better therapeutic effects and indicated that the metabolites of G2B9-Q are essential mediators for their beneficial effects. Therefore, the CFS of G2B9-Q could potentially replace antibiotics in treating C. perfringens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Street 5333#, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Street 5333#, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhanyun Song
- Changchun Customs District, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Changchun Customs District, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Street 5333#, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Changchun Customs District, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Bo Liu
- Changchun Customs District, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Street 5333#, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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Duc HM, Hoa TTK, Ha CTT, Van Hung L, Van Thang N, Minh Son H, Flory GA. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Pork and Chicken Meat in Vietnam. Pathogens 2024; 13:400. [PMID: 38787252 PMCID: PMC11123724 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens as it can cause food poisoning in humans and necrotic enteritis in both animals and humans. Meat, especially pork and chicken meat, is considered the main vehicle for the transmission of C. perfringens from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, toxinotype, and antimicrobial resistance profile of C. perfringens isolated from pork and chicken meat sold in Vietnam. The isolation results showed that 15/50 (30%) of pork samples and 8/50 (16%) of chicken meat samples were contaminated with C. perfringens. The isolates exhibited their highest resistance rate to tetracycline (21/23; 91.30%) and clindamycin (10/23; 43.48%). On the contrary, their lowest resistance rates were observed in response to imipenem (2/23; 8.70%) and cefoxitin (1/23; 4.35%). In particular, 34.78% (8/23) of C. perfringens isolates were identified to be multidrug-resistant strains. The results of toxin genotyping indicated that all isolates were positive for the cpa gene and belonged to type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Cam Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Hung
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thang
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
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Alves GG, Assis RA, do Amarante VS, de Oliveira Júnior CA, Silva ROS, Dias Heneine LG, Lobato FCF. Production and purification of Clostridium perfringens type C beta-toxin and IgG and IgY antitoxins. Anaerobe 2024; 85:102817. [PMID: 38163631 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to produce and purify Clostridium perfringens type C beta-toxin, sheep anti-beta toxin immunoglobulin G (IgG) and chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY). METHODS Two methods were used for beta-toxin purification: single-step metal affinity chromatography (MAC) using zinc as a chelator and ion exchange chromatography (IEX). The purified and inactivated beta-toxoids were then administered to sheep and chickens in order to produce IgG and IgY. RESULTS All assays using the IEX failed. In contrast, MAC purified more than 21 mg of toxin per run in a single-step protocol. The purified and inactivated beta-toxoids were then administered to sheep and chickens, and IgG and IgY were purified with a high yield, medium antibody titer of 50 IU/mL, and high avidity (73.2 %). CONCLUSIONS C. perfringens type C beta-toxin and sheep or chicken anti-beta toxin IgG and IgY antibodies were successfully produced and purified using a simple protocol. This protocol can be used for the production of components used in the diagnosis and research of necrotic enteritis caused by C. perfringens type C, as well as for the evaluation of existing vaccines and the development of new preventive methods against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Guerra Alves
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Ronnie Antunes Assis
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Victor Santos do Amarante
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto de Oliveira Júnior
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil.
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Yang T, Sun Y, Dai Z, Liu J, Xiao S, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang S, Zhang R, Yang C, Dai B. Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Immune Injury and Intestinal Problems Caused by Clostridium Perfringens through Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3784. [PMID: 38136821 PMCID: PMC10741131 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MS-SB) is an effective sodium butyrate additive which can reduce the release of sodium butyrate (SB) in the fore gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we assess the protective effects and mechanisms of MS-SB in Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens)-challenged broilers. Broiler chickens were pre-treated with SB or MS-SB for 56 days and then challenged with C. perfringens three times. Our results indicate that the addition of MS-SB or SB before C. perfringens infection significantly decreased the thymus index (p < 0.05). Serum IgA, IgY, and IgM concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) under MS-SB or SB supplementation. Compared with SB, MS-SB presented a stronger performance, with higher IgA content, as well as a lower IL-1β level when normal or C. perfringens-challenged. While C. perfringens challenge significantly decreased the villus height (p < 0.05), MS-SB or SB administration significantly increased the villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C ratio) (p < 0.05). Varying degrees of SB or MS-SB increased the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during C. perfringens challenge, where MS-SB presented a stronger performance, as evidenced by the higher content of isovaleric acid and valeric acid. Microbial analysis demonstrated that both SB or MS-SB addition and C. perfringens infection increase variation in the microbiota community. The results also indicate that the proportions of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Clostridia, Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, and Clostridia were significantly higher in the MS-SB addition group while, at same time, C. perfringens infection increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes. In summary, dietary supplementation with SB or MS-SB improves the immune status and morphology of intestinal villi, increases the production of VFAs, and modulates cecal microbiota in chickens challenged with C. perfringens. Moreover, MS-SB was more effective than SB with the same supplemental amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yaowei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Zhenglie Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China; (J.L.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Shiping Xiao
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China; (J.L.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yulan Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China; (J.L.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xiuxi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Shenglan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Caimei Yang
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China; (J.L.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Bing Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (S.Y.); (R.Z.)
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5
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Low KE, Tingley JP, Klassen L, King ML, Xing X, Watt C, Hoover SER, Gorzelak M, Abbott DW. Carbohydrate flow through agricultural ecosystems: Implications for synthesis and microbial conversion of carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108245. [PMID: 37652144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are chemically and structurally diverse biomolecules, serving numerous and varied roles in agricultural ecosystems. Crops and horticulture products are inherent sources of carbohydrates that are consumed by humans and non-human animals alike; however carbohydrates are also present in other agricultural materials, such as soil and compost, human and animal tissues, milk and dairy products, and honey. The biosynthesis, modification, and flow of carbohydrates within and between agricultural ecosystems is intimately related with microbial communities that colonize and thrive within these environments. Recent advances in -omics techniques have ushered in a new era for microbial ecology by illuminating the functional potential for carbohydrate metabolism encoded within microbial genomes, while agricultural glycomics is providing fresh perspective on carbohydrate-microbe interactions and how they influence the flow of functionalized carbon. Indeed, carbohydrates and carbohydrate-active enzymes are interventions with unrealized potential for improving carbon sequestration, soil fertility and stability, developing alternatives to antimicrobials, and circular production systems. In this manner, glycomics represents a new frontier for carbohydrate-based biotechnological solutions for agricultural systems facing escalating challenges, such as the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Leeann Klassen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Marissa L King
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Caitlin Watt
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shelley E R Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Gorzelak
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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6
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Bonillo-Lopez L, Obregon-Gutierrez P, Huerta E, Correa-Fiz F, Sibila M, Aragon V. Intensive antibiotic treatment of sows with parenteral crystalline ceftiofur and tulathromycin alters the composition of the nasal microbiota of their offspring. Vet Res 2023; 54:112. [PMID: 38001497 PMCID: PMC10675909 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal microbiota plays an important role in animal health and the use of antibiotics is a major factor that influences its composition. Here, we studied the consequences of an intensive antibiotic treatment, applied to sows and/or their offspring, on the piglets' nasal microbiota. Four pregnant sows were treated with crystalline ceftiofur and tulathromycin (CTsows) while two other sows received only crystalline ceftiofur (Csows). Sow treatments were performed at D-4 (four days pre-farrowing), D3, D10 and D17 for ceftiofur and D-3, D4 and D11 for tulathromycin. Half of the piglets born to CTsows were treated at D1 with ceftiofur. Nasal swabs were taken from piglets at 22-24 days of age and bacterial load and nasal microbiota composition were defined by 16 s rRNA gene qPCR and amplicon sequencing. Antibiotic treatment of sows reduced their nasal bacterial load, as well as in their offspring, indicating a reduced bacterial transmission from the dams. In addition, nasal microbiota composition of the piglets exhibited signs of dysbiosis, showing unusual taxa. The addition of tulathromycin to the ceftiofur treatment seemed to enhance the deleterious effect on the microbiota diversity by diminishing some bacteria commonly found in the piglets' nasal cavity, such as Glaesserella, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Staphylococcus and several members of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families. On the other hand, the additional treatment of piglets with ceftiofur resulted in no further effect beyond the treatment of the sows. Altogether, these results suggest that intensive antibiotic treatments of sows, especially the double antibiotic treatment, disrupt the nasal microbiota of their offspring and highlight the importance of sow-to-piglet microbiota transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonillo-Lopez
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, BellaterraBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Obregon-Gutierrez
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, BellaterraBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Huerta
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, BellaterraBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, BellaterraBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Sibila
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, BellaterraBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, BellaterraBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Xie K, Yang Q, Yan Z, Huang X, Wang P, Gao X, Gun S. Identification of a Novel lncRNA LNC_001186 and Its Effects on CPB2 Toxin-Induced Apoptosis of IPEC-J2 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051047. [PMID: 37239407 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringen) beta2 (CPB2) toxin produced by C. perfringens type C (CpC) can cause necrotizing enteritis in piglets. Immune system activation in response to inflammation and pathogen infection is aided by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In our previous work, we revealed the differential expression of the novel lncRNA LNC_001186 in CpC-infected ileum versus healthy piglets. This implied that LNC_001186 may be a regulatory factor essential for CpC infection in piglets. Herein, we analyzed the coding ability, chromosomal location and subcellular localization of LNC_001186 and explored its regulatory role in CPB2 toxin-induced apoptosis of porcine small intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. RT-qPCR results indicated that LNC_001186 expression was highly enriched in the intestines of healthy piglets and significantly increased in CpC-infected piglets' ileum tissue and CPB2 toxin-treated IPEC-J2 cells. The total sequence length of LNC_001186 was 1323 bp through RACE assay. CPC and CPAT, two online databases, both confirmed that LNC_001186 had a low coding ability. It was present on pig chromosome 3. Cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA isolation and RNA-FISH assays showed that LNC_001186 was present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, six target genes of LNC_001186 were predicted using cis and trans approaches. Meanwhile, we constructed ceRNA regulatory networks with LNC_001186 as the center. Finally, LNC_001186 overexpression inhibited IPEC-J2 cells' apoptosis caused by CPB2 toxin and promoted cell viability. In summary, we determined the role of LNC_001186 in IPEC-J2 cells' apoptosis caused by CPB2 toxin, which assisted us in exploring the molecular mechanism of LNC_001186 in CpC-induced diarrhea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
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8
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Uzal FA, Navarro MA, Asin J, Boix O, Ballarà-Rodriguez I, Gibert X. Clostridial diarrheas in piglets: A review. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109691. [PMID: 36870204 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens type C and Clostridioides difficile are the main enteric clostridial pathogens of swine and are both responsible for neonatal diarrhea in this species. The role of Clostridum perfringes type A is under discussion. History, clinical signs, gross lesions and histological findings are the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of C. perfringens type C or C. difficile infection. Confirmation is based upon detection of beta toxin of C. perfringens type C or toxin A/B of C. difficile, respectively, in intestinal contents or feces. Isolation of C. perfringens type C and/or C. difficile is highly suggestive of infection by these microorganisms but it is not enough to confirm a diagnosis as they may be found in the intestine of some healthy individuals. Diagnosis of C. perfringens type A-associated diarrhea is more challenging because the diagnostic criteria have not been well defined and the specific role of alpha toxin (encoded by all strains of this microorganism) and beta 2 toxin (produced by some type A strains) is not clear. The goal of this paper is to describe the main clostridial enteric diseases of piglets, including etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, pathology and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA.
| | - Mauricio A Navarro
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Asin
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - Oriol Boix
- HIPRA, Avda. la Selva 135, CP 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | - Xavier Gibert
- HIPRA, Avda. la Selva 135, CP 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
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9
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Angwenyi SKS, Hassell J, Miller MA, Mutinda M, Vitali F, Murray S. A
review of
clostridial
diseases
in
rhinoceroses. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaleen Kemunto Sarange Angwenyi
- Global Health Program Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Washington, DC USA
- Mpala Research Centre Nanyuki Kenya
| | - James Hassell
- Global Health Program Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Washington, DC USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Michele Ann Miller
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Mathew Mutinda
- Veterinary Services Department Kenya Wildlife Service Nairobi Kenya
| | - Francesca Vitali
- Global Health Program Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Washington, DC USA
| | - Suzan Murray
- Global Health Program Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Washington, DC USA
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10
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Evaluation of a Natural Phytogenic Formulation as an Alternative to Pharmaceutical Zinc Oxide in the Diet of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030431. [PMID: 36766320 PMCID: PMC9913353 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A natural phytogenic formulation (NPF) was tested as an alternative to pharmaceutical zinc oxide (ZnO) in weaned piglets with respect to growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and faecal microbiota composition and metabolic activity. Two dietary NPF levels (NPF: 1000 and 2000 mg/kg diet) were compared to a positive control (ZnO: 3000 mg ZnO/kg diet) and a negative control (CON: no added ZnO or NPF) using 84 weaned piglets from 29 d to 78 d (days of age). Feed conversion ratio was improved (p < 0.05) in ZnO and NPF piglets were compared to CON at 50 d. Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein (p < 0.05) digestibility was improved in NPF piglets compared to CON at 57 d. Compared to CON, NPF inclusion reduced E. coli (p < 0.05) and increased C. leptum subgroup (p < 0.01) at 57 d and 78 d, and reduced C. perfringens subgroup (p < 0.05; at 78 d). The ZnO reduced (p < 0.001) E. coli and C. perfringens subgroup (p < 0.01) compared to CON at 78 d. Moreover, ZnO and NPF reduced molar ratios of branched chain volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) compared to CON, while NPF also increased butyric acid (p < 0.05) at 78 d. In conclusion, the NPF appeared to be a promising alternative to pharmaceutical doses of ZnO.
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11
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Li J, Huang X, Xie K, Zhang J, Yang J, Yan Z, Gun S. Decreased S100A9 expression alleviates Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14722. [PMID: 36718447 PMCID: PMC9884034 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) is a commonly known pro-inflammatory factor involved in various inflammatory responses. Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens ) type C is known to cause diarrhea in piglets. However, the role of S100A9 in C. perfringens type C-induced infectious diarrhea is unclear. Methods Here, the S100A9 gene was overexpressed and knocked down in the IPEC-J2 cells, which were treated with C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin. The role of S100A9 in CPB2 toxin-induced injury in IPEC-J2 cells was assessed by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cell proliferation, and tight junction-related proteins. Results The results showed elevated expression of S100A9 in diarrhea-affected piglet tissues, and the elevation of S100A9 expression after CPB2 toxin treatment of IPEC-J2 was time-dependent. In CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, overexpression of S100A9 had the following effects: the relative expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL8, TNF-α, and IL-1β was increased; the ROS levels and LDH viability were significantly increased; cell viability and proliferation were inhibited; the G0/G1 phase cell ratio was significantly increased. Furthermore, overexpression of S100A9 reduced the expression of tight junction proteins in CPB2-induced IPEC-J2 cells. The knockdown of S100A9 had an inverse effect. In conclusion, our results confirmed that S100A9 exacerbated inflammatory injury in CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, inhibited cell viability and cell proliferation, and disrupted the tight junctions between cells. Thus, decreased S100A9 expression alleviates CPB2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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12
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Diagnostic Approach to Enteric Disorders in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030338. [PMID: 36766227 PMCID: PMC9913336 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of enteric disorders in pigs is extremely challenging, at any age. Outbreaks of enteric disease in pigs are frequently multifactorial and multiple microorganisms can co-exist and interact. Furthermore, several pathogens, such as Clostridium perfrigens type A, Rotavirus and Lawsonia intracellularis, may be present in the gut in the absence of clinical signs. Thus, diagnosis must be based on a differential approach in order to develop a tailored control strategy, considering that treatment and control programs for enteric diseases are pathogen-specific. Correct sampling for laboratory analyses is fundamental for the diagnostic work-up of enteric disease in pigs. For example, histology is the diagnostic gold standard for several enteric disorders, and sampling must ensure the collection of representative and optimal intestinal samples. The aim of this paper is to focus on the diagnostic approach, from sampling to the aetiological diagnosis, of enteric disorders in pigs due to different pathogens during the different phases of production.
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13
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Liu J, Ma X, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Che L, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Wu D. The Effects of Bacillus subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and the gut microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad257. [PMID: 37583344 PMCID: PMC10449409 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different Bacillus subtilis QST713 doses and a B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase mix on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. In total, 320 healthy piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) control group (basal diet), 2) BS100 group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), 3) BS200 group (basal diet plus 200 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), and 4) a BS100XT group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713 and 150 mg/kg β-mannanase). The study duration was 42 d. We showed that feed intake in weaned piglets on days 1 to 21 was increased in group BS100 (P < 0.05), and that the feed conversion ratio in group BS100XT animals decreased throughout the study (P < 0.05). In terms of microbial counts, the BS100XT group showed reduced Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens numbers on day 21 (P < 0.05). Moreover, no significant α-diversity differences were observed across all groups during the study (P > 0.05). However, principal coordinates analysis indicated clear separations in bacterial community structures across groups (analysis of similarities: P < 0.05) on days 21 and 42. Additionally, E-cadherin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in piglet feces increased (P < 0.05) by adding B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase to diets. Notably, this addition decreased short-chain fatty acid concentrations. In conclusion, B. subtilis QST713 addition or combined B. subtilis QST713 plus β-mannanase effectively improved growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and microbial balance in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhu
- Elanco Animal Health, Mutiara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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14
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Llauradó-Calero E, Climent E, Chenoll E, Ballester M, Badiola I, Lizardo R, Torrallardona D, Esteve-Garcia E, Tous N. Influence of dietary n-3 long-chain fatty acids on microbial diversity and composition of sows' feces, colostrum, milk, and suckling piglets' feces. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982712. [PMID: 36545207 PMCID: PMC9760940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Very little is known about the impact of n-3 long-chain fatty acids (n-3 LCFAs) on the microbiota of sows and their piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of n-3 LCFA in sow diets on the microbiota composition of sows' feces, colostrum, and milk as well as that of piglets' feces. Methods Twenty-two sows were randomly assigned to either a control or an n-3 LCFA diet from service to weaning. Sows' and piglets' performance was monitored. The gestating and lactating sows' microbiomes in feces, colostrum, and milk were characterized by 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The fecal microbiome from the two lowest (>800 g) and the two highest birth weight piglets per litter was also characterized, and the LPS levels in plasma were analyzed at weaning. Results and Discussion n-3 LCFA increased microbiota alpha diversity in suckling piglets' and gestating sows' feces. However, no effects were observed in colostrum, milk, or lactating sows' feces. Dietary n-3 LCFA modified the microbiota composition of gestating sows' feces, milk, and suckling piglets' feces, without affecting lactating sows' feces or colostrum. In gestating sows' feces and milk, the decrease in genus Succinivibrio and the increase of Proteobacteria phylum, due to the increased genera Brenneria and Escherichia, respectively, stand out. In the feces of suckling piglets, the higher abundance of the beneficial genus Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and different species of Lactobacillus are highlighted. In addition, positive correlations for families and genera were found between lactating sows' feces and milk, milk and suckling piglets' feces, and lactating sows' feces and suckling piglets' feces. To conclude, dietary n-3 LCFA had a positive impact on the microbiome of suckling piglet's feces by increasing microbial diversity and some beneficial bacteria populations, had a few minor modifications on the microbiome of milk and gestating sows' feces and did not change the microbiome in lactating sows' feces or colostrum. Therefore, this study shows the effect of dietary n-3 LCFA on the microbiota of sows, colostrum, milk, and suckling piglets during the lactation period providing crucial information on the microbiota status at the early stages of life, which have an impact on the post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eudald Llauradó-Calero
- Animal Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Badiola
- Animal Health-CReSA, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosil Lizardo
- Animal Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Torrallardona
- Animal Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Enric Esteve-Garcia
- Animal Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Tous
- Animal Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Tarragona, Spain,*Correspondence: Núria Tous,
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15
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Bruggisser J, Iacovache I, Musson SC, Degiacomi MT, Posthaus H, Zuber B. Cryo-EM structure of the octameric pore of Clostridium perfringens β-toxin. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54856. [PMID: 36215680 PMCID: PMC9724662 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is one of the most widely distributed and successful pathogens producing an impressive arsenal of toxins. One of the most potent toxins produced is the C. perfringens β-toxin (CPB). This toxin is the main virulence factor of type C strains. We describe the cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structure of CPB oligomer. We show that CPB forms homo-octameric pores like the hetero-oligomeric pores of the bi-component leukocidins, with important differences in the receptor binding region and the N-terminal latch domain. Intriguingly, the octameric CPB pore complex contains a second 16-stranded β-barrel protrusion atop of the cap domain that is formed by the N-termini of the eight protomers. We propose that CPB, together with the newly identified Epx toxins, is a member a new subclass of the hemolysin-like family. In addition, we show that the β-barrel protrusion domain can be modified without affecting the pore-forming ability, thus making the pore particularly attractive for macromolecule sensing and nanotechnology. The cryo-EM structure of the octameric pore of CPB will facilitate future developments in both nanotechnology and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bruggisser
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ioan Iacovache
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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16
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Alberca GGF, Cardoso NSS, Solis-Castro RL, Nakano V, Alberca RW. Intestinal inflammation and the microbiota: Beyond diversity. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3274-3278. [PMID: 36051343 PMCID: PMC9331525 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent manuscript entitled “Relationship between clinical features and intestinal microbiota in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis” reported a difference in the intestinal microbiota of patients with ulcerative colitis according to the severity of the colitis. The influence of the intestinal microbiota on the development and progress of gastrointestinal disorders is well established. Besides the diversity in the microbiome, the presence of virulence factors and toxins by commensal bacteria may affect an extensive variety of cellular processes, contributing to the induction of a proinflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gama Freire Alberca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naiane Samira Souza Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosa Liliana Solis-Castro
- Departamento Académico de Biología Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Pampa Grande 24000, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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17
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Gao X, Yang Q, Zhang S, Huang X, Yan Z, Wang P, Gun S. LncRNA ALDB-898 modulates intestinal epithelial cell damage caused by Clostridium perfringens type C in piglet by regulating ssc-miR-122-5p/OCLN signaling. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:143-156. [PMID: 35834877 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea of piglets caused by Clostridium perfringens type C (C. perfringens type C) infection is a global problem afflicting piglet production. Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) have emerged as critical regulators of this pathological process, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we first observed the expression changes of ALDBSSCG0000000898 (ALDB-898) and ssc-miR-122-5p in infected ileum tissue of piglets with C. perfringens type C, and then used C. perfringens beta2 toxin (CPB2) to induce intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) to construct an injury model. Cytometry kit 8 (CCK-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, flow cytometry and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 (FITC-Dextran 4) flux assays were performed to study the effect of ALDB-898 and ssc-miR-122-5p in apoptosis, inflammation and intestinal barrier damage and inflammatory in IPEC-J2 cells induced by CPB2. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between ssc-miR-122-5p and ALDB-898 or ssc-miR-122-5p and occludin (OCLN), respectively. There were lower expression levels of ALDB-898 and OCLN and higher expression levels of ssc-miR-122-5p in diarrhea piglets caused by Clostridium perfringens type C. ALDB-898 and OCLN were significantly decreased and ssc-miR-122-5p was increased in IPEC-J2 after exposure to the CPB2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ALDB-898 overexpression mitigated CPB2-induced cell injury by promoting viability, restraining apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response, as well as weakening the destruction of the intestinal barrier. Further mechanisms disclosed that ALDB-898 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) via binding to ssc-miR-122-5p, and OCLN was a target of ssc-miR-122-5p. Importantly, the ssc-miR-122-5p mimic led to abolishing the protective function of ALDB-898 on CPB2-induced IPEC-J2 cell damage, and the addition of OCLN reversed the negative impact of ssc-miR-122-5p, thereby restoring the protection of ALDB-898. Our data showed that ALDB-898 could enhance the expression of OCLN through competitive binding ssc-miR-122-5p to suppress CPB2-induced damage. The ALDB-898/ssc-miR-122-5p/OCLN signaling may be a candidate therapeutic pathway for diarrhea of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Farmer Education and Training Work Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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18
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Jiang Z, Su W, Wen C, Li W, Zhang Y, Gong T, Du S, Wang X, Lu Z, Jin M, Wang Y. Effect of Porcine Clostridium perfringens on Intestinal Barrier, Immunity, and Quantitative Analysis of Intestinal Bacterial Communities in Mice. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:881878. [PMID: 35769317 PMCID: PMC9234579 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.881878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is one of the main pathogens which can cause a range of histotoxic and enteric diseases in humans or animals (pigs, or broilers). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates these bacteria cause nearly 1 million illnesses in the United States every year. For animal husbandry, necrotizing enteritis caused by C. perfringens can cost the global livestock industry between $2 billion and $6 billion per year. C. perfringens-infected animals can be isolated for its identification and pathology. A suitable animal model is one of the essential conditions for studying the disease pathogenesis. In previous studies, mice have been used as subjects for a variety of Clostridium perfringens toxicity tests. Thus, this study was designed to build a mouse model infected porcine C. perfringens which was isolated from the C.perfringens-infected pigs. A total of 32 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups. Control group was orally administrated with PBS (200 μL) on day 0. Low group, Medium group, and High group were gavaged with 200 ul of PBS resuspension containing 8.0 × 107 CFU, 4.0 × 108 CFU, and 2.0 × 109 CFU, respectively. We examined growth performance, immune status, intestinal barrier integrity, apoptosis-related genes expression, and copies of C. perfringens in mice. The results showed that the growth performance declined and intestinal structure was seriously damaged in High group. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in High group compared to other groups. The tight junctions and pro-apoptosis related genes' expression significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in High group, and high dose caused a disruption of intestinal villi integrity and tissue injury in the jejunum of mice. In addition, the enumerations of C. perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus explained why the gut of High group mice was seriously damaged, because the C. perfringens and Escherichia coli significantly enriched (P < 0.05), and Lactobacillus dramatically decreased (P < 0.05). Overall, our results provide an experimental and theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis and exploring the effects of porcine C. perfringens on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zeqing Lu
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Yizhen Wang
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19
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Venhorst J, van der Vossen JMBM, Agamennone V. Battling Enteropathogenic Clostridia: Phage Therapy for Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891790. [PMID: 35770172 PMCID: PMC9234517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens are responsible for many health care-associated infections as well as systemic and enteric diseases. Therefore, they represent a major health threat to both humans and animals. Concerns regarding increasing antibiotic resistance (related to C. difficile and C. perfringens) have caused a surge in the pursual of novel strategies that effectively combat pathogenic infections, including those caused by both pathogenic species. The ban on antibiotic growth promoters in the poultry industry has added to the urgency of finding novel antimicrobial therapeutics for C. perfringens. These efforts have resulted in various therapeutics, of which bacteriophages (in short, phages) show much promise, as evidenced by the Eliava Phage Therapy Center in Tbilisi, Georgia (https://eptc.ge/). Bacteriophages are a type of virus that infect bacteria. In this review, the (clinical) impact of clostridium infections in intestinal diseases is recapitulated, followed by an analysis of the current knowledge and applicability of bacteriophages and phage-derived endolysins in this disease indication. Limitations of phage and phage endolysin therapy were identified and require considerations. These include phage stability in the gastrointestinal tract, influence on gut microbiota structure/function, phage resistance development, limited host range for specific pathogenic strains, phage involvement in horizontal gene transfer, and-for phage endolysins-endolysin resistance, -safety, and -immunogenicity. Methods to optimize features of these therapeutic modalities, such as mutagenesis and fusion proteins, are also addressed. The future success of phage and endolysin therapies require reliable clinical trial data for phage(-derived) products. Meanwhile, additional research efforts are essential to expand the potential of exploiting phages and their endolysins for mitigating the severe diseases caused by C. difficile and C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Venhorst
- Biomedical Health, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos M. B. M. van der Vossen
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Valeria Agamennone
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
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20
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Huang X, Yang Q, Yan Z, Wang P, Shi H, Li J, Shang X, Gun S. Combined Analysis of RRBS DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Reveal Novel Candidate Genes Related to Porcine Clostridium perfringens Type C-Induced Diarrhea. Front Genet 2022; 13:803477. [PMID: 35401691 PMCID: PMC8990837 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.803477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens type C (Cp) is one of the principal microorganisms responsible for bacterial diarrhea in neonatal and pre-weaning piglets. To better understand the molecular effects of Cp infection, we performed a genome-wide comparison of the changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in Cp infected resistant and susceptible piglets. We characterized the pattern of changes in methylation and found 6485, 5968, and 6472 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of piglets infected with Cp in IR vs. IC, IS vs. IC, and IS vs. IR groups, respectively. These methylation changes for genes mainly involved in immune and inflammatory responses, cell adhesion, and activation of transcription factors. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were associated with negative regulation of transcription, apoptotic processes, protein binding, and kinase activity. In addition, they were enriched in immunity-related pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Integrative analysis identified 168, 198, and 7 mRNAs showing inverse correlations between methylation and expression with Cp infection. Altered DNA methylation and expression of various genes suggested their roles and potential functional interactions upon Cp infection, 14 immune-associated mRNAs with differential methylation and transcriptional repression were identified in IS vs. IR, commonly revealing that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) LBP, TBX21, and LCN2 were likely involved in the piglets against Cp infection. The present results provide further insight into the DNA methylation epigenetic alterations of C. perfringens type C infected piglet ileum tissues, and may advance the identification of biomarkers and drug targets for predicting susceptibility to and controlling C. perfringens type C-induced piglet diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hairen Shi
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lasa, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangbao Gun,
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21
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Xie K, Yan Z, Wang W, Luo R, Gao X, Wang P, Yang Q, Huang X, Zhang J, Yang J, Gun S. ssc-microRNA-132 targets DACH1 to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin-treated porcine intestinal epithelial cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104270. [PMID: 34582881 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C (CPC) is one of the chief pathogens that causes diarrhea in piglets, and C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin is the main virulence factor of CPC. Our previous research demonstrated that ssc-microR-132 was differentially expressed in ileal tissues of CPC-mediated diarrheic piglets and healthy piglets, which implied a potential role of ssc-microR-132 in this process. Here, we found that ssc-microR-132 was notably down-regulated in CPB2-exposed intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), which was consistent with the ileal tissue expression. Moreover, ssc-microR-132 upregulation alleviated CPB2-induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis in IPEC-J2, whereas ssc-microR-132 knockdown presented the opposite effects. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that ssc-microR-132 directly targeted Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1). Moreover, DACH1 overexpression intensified CPB2-induced inflammatory injury and apoptosis in IPEC-J2. Remarkably, the introduction of DACH1 weakened the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ssc-microR-132 in CPB2-exposed IPEC-J2. Overall, the results reveal that ssc-microR-132 targeted DACH1 to alleviate CPB2-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China; Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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22
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Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD31) Is Essential for Clostridium perfringens Beta-Toxin Mediated Cytotoxicity in Human Endothelial and Monocytic Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120893. [PMID: 34941730 PMCID: PMC8703487 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta toxin (CPB) is a small hemolysin beta pore-forming toxin (β-PFT) produced by Clostridium perfringens type C. It plays a central role in the pathogenesis of necro-hemorrhagic enteritis in young animals and humans via targeting intestinal endothelial cells. We recently identified the membrane protein CD31 (PECAM-1) as the receptor for CPB on mouse endothelial cells. We now assess the role of CD31 in CPB cytotoxicity against human endothelial and monocytic cells using a CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout and an antibody blocking approach. CD31 knockout human endothelial and monocytic cells were resistant to CPB and CPB oligomers only formed in CD31-expressing cells. CD31 knockout endothelial and monocytic cells could be selectively enriched out of a polyclonal cell population by exposing them to CPB. Moreover, antibody mediated blocking of the extracellular Ig6 domain of CD31 abolished CPB cytotoxicity and oligomer formation in endothelial and monocytic cells. In conclusion, this study confirms the role of CD31 as a receptor of CPB on human endothelial and monocytic cells. Specific interaction with the CD31 molecule can thus explain the cell type specificity of CPB observed in vitro and corresponds to in vivo observations in naturally diseased animals.
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Mehdizadeh Gohari I, A. Navarro M, Li J, Shrestha A, Uzal F, A. McClane B. Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium perfringens. Virulence 2021; 12:723-753. [PMID: 33843463 PMCID: PMC8043184 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1886777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an extremely versatile pathogen of humans and livestock, causing wound infections like gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), enteritis/enterocolitis (including one of the most common human food-borne illnesses), and enterotoxemia (where toxins produced in the intestine are absorbed and damage distant organs such as the brain). The virulence of this Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobe is largely attributable to its copious toxin production; the diverse actions and roles in infection of these toxins are now becoming established. Most C. perfringens toxin genes are encoded on conjugative plasmids, including the pCW3-like and the recently discovered pCP13-like plasmid families. Production of C. perfringens toxins is highly regulated via processes involving two-component regulatory systems, quorum sensing and/or sporulation-related alternative sigma factors. Non-toxin factors, such as degradative enzymes like sialidases, are also now being implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These factors can promote toxin action in vitro and, perhaps in vivo, and also enhance C. perfringens intestinal colonization, e.g. NanI sialidase increases C. perfringens adherence to intestinal tissue and generates nutrients for its growth, at least in vitro. The possible virulence contributions of many other factors, such as adhesins, the capsule and biofilms, largely await future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Archana Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A. McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Wang B, Dong W, Ma L, Dong Y, Wang S, Yuan Y, Ma Q, Xu J, Yan W, Nan J, Zhang Q, Xu W, Ma B, Chu Y, Zhang J, Li L, Li Y. Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Clostridium perfringens Isolates in Hospitalized Diarrheal Patients from Central China. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4783-4793. [PMID: 34815676 PMCID: PMC8604644 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s338593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genetic diversity and clinical characteristics of Clostridium perfringens isolates from hospitalized clinical diarrheal patients. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 1108 patients with diarrhea during hospitalization. Stool samples were cultured for C. perfringens, and the toxin genes were detected by PCR. The available clinical data of 112 patients were analyzed to study the clinical features of various isolates. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to assess phylogenetic relationship between different isolates. Results A total of 153 (13.8%) isolates were obtained from patients’ stools. C. perfringens type F (49.0%) was the major toxin type in the isolates, followed by type A (n = 59, 38.6%) and type C (n = 14, 9.2%). Patients older than 50 years and those with underlying diseases of cancer, hepatobiliary system, and ulcerative colitis (UC) were more predisposed to C. perfringens type F and type A infection than to type C. The patients infected with type C experienced more severe clinical symptoms compared to those with type A infection. There was a significant association between type FC and foodborne gastrointestinal (GI) diseases (p = 0.018), between type FP and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) (p < 0.001), and between type A and sporadic diarrhea (SD) (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that type F isolates carrying a chromosomal cpe gene mainly belonged to ST77 (6/15 isolates). Type F isolates with cpe gene on a plasmid exhibited high genetic diversity. Conclusion High prevalence and considerable genetic diversity of C. perfringens type F were found in clinical diarrheal patients. Elderly people and patients with cancer, hepatobiliary diseases or UC, or suspected of having food poisoning (FP) may be targeted for routine testing of C. perfringens toxin genes and may benefit from early detection of C. perfringens type C isolates that cause more severe clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoya Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Xicheng District Pingan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Ma
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Osteology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanmei Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Yuan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Nan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Chu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhou Y, Wang B, Wang Q, Tang L, Zou P, Zeng Z, Zhang H, Gong L, Li W. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Lac16 on Clostridium perfringens Infection-Associated Injury in IPEC-J2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212388. [PMID: 34830269 PMCID: PMC8620398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) causes intestinal injury through overgrowth and the secretion of multiple toxins, leading to diarrhea and necrotic enteritis in animals, including pigs, chickens, and sheep. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) Lac16 on C. perfringens infection-associated injury in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The results showed that L. plantarum Lac16 significantly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens, which was accompanied by a decrease in pH levels. In addition, L. plantarum Lac16 significantly elevated the mRNA expression levels of host defense peptides (HDPs) in IPEC-J2 cells, decreased the adhesion of C. perfringens to IPEC-J2 cells, and attenuated C. perfringens-induced cellular cytotoxicity and intestinal barrier damage. Furthermore, L. plantarum Lac16 significantly suppressed C. perfringens-induced gene expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, L. plantarum Lac16 preincubation effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 caused by C. perfringens infection. Collectively, probiotic L. plantarum Lac16 exerts protective effects against C. perfringens infection-associated injury in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huihua Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.L.)
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Uzal FA, Arroyo LG, Navarro MA, Gomez DE, Asín J, Henderson E. Bacterial and viral enterocolitis in horses: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:354-375. [PMID: 34763560 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211057469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteritis, colitis, and enterocolitis are considered some of the most common causes of disease and death in horses. Determining the etiology of these conditions is challenging, among other reasons because different causes produce similar clinical signs and lesions, and also because some agents of colitis can be present in the intestine of normal animals. We review here the main bacterial and viral causes of enterocolitis of horses, including Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens type A NetF-positive, C. perfringens type C, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium piliforme, Paeniclostridium sordellii, other clostridia, Rhodococcus equi, Neorickettsia risticii, Lawsonia intracellularis, equine rotavirus, and equine coronavirus. Diarrhea and colic are the hallmark clinical signs of colitis and enterocolitis, and the majority of these conditions are characterized by necrotizing changes in the mucosa of the small intestine, colon, cecum, or in a combination of these organs. The presumptive diagnosis is based on clinical, gross, and microscopic findings, and confirmed by detection of some of the agents and/or their toxins in the intestinal content or feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino Laboratory, USA
| | - Luis G Arroyo
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mauricio A Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino Laboratory, USA.,Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javier Asín
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino Laboratory, USA
| | - Eileen Henderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino Laboratory, USA
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Wang W, Yang Q, Huang X, Luo R, Xie K, Gao X, Yan Z, Wang P, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhang B, Gun S. Effects of miR-204 on apoptosis and inflammatory response of Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin induced IPEC-J2 cells via targeting BCL2L2. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104906. [PMID: 33965507 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin can cause intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in a variety of animals, which seriously endanger the healthy development of animal husbandry. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can play an important regulatory role in the process of pathogenic infection. In our previous study, we found that miR-204 was highly expressed in the ileum tissues of the susceptible group diarrhea piglets after infection with Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C. In this study, we found that miR-204 was also up-regulated in different time points after CPB2 toxin treatment. Overexpression of miR-204 promoted apoptosis and inflammatory response of intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), whereas the opposite results were displayed after transfected with miR-204 inhibitor. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assays confirmed that BCL2L2 was a direct target gene of miR-204. Interestingly, we found that overexpression BCL2L2 attenuated the apoptosis and inflammatory response of CPB2 toxin induced IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, these results find that miR-204 promotes the apoptosis and intensify inflammatory response of CPB2 toxin induced IPEC-J2 cells via targeting BCL2L2. These data provide a valuable reference for the piglets resistance diarrhea at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Gao X, Yang Q, Zhang S, Huang X, Yan Z, Wang P, Luo R, Wang W, Xie K, Gun S. Epigenetic upregulation of ssc-miR-124a following treatment with Clostridium perfringens beta2-toxin attenuates both apoptosis and inflammation in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108806. [PMID: 33587903 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a globally recognized zoonotic pathogen. It has been reported that the beta2-toxin produced by C. perfringens can cause a variety of gastrointestinal diseases and even systemic inflammation. MicroRNA-124a (miR-124a) has been reported to play important roles in the host response to pathogenic infection. Although C. perfringens beta2-toxin induced injury in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells has been established, the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely unraveled. Here we show that a significant upregulation of ssc-miR-124a in IPEC-J2 cells after beta2-toxin stimulation was associated with the MiR-124A-1 and MiR-124A-2 gene promoter demethylation status. Importantly, overexpression of ssc-miR-124a significantly increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis and cytotoxicity in beta2-toxin treated IPEC-J2 cells. Transfection of IPEC-J2 cells with ssc-miR-124a mimic suppressed beta2-toxin induced inflammation. On the contrary, ssc-miR-124a inhibitor promoted aggravation of cell apoptosis and excessive damage. Furthermore, rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) was identified as the direct target gene of ssc-miR-124a in IPEC-J2 cells and its siRNA transfection reversed the promotion of apoptosis and aggravation of cellular damage induced by ssc-miR-124a inhibitor. Overall, we speculated that the miR-124A-1/2 gene was epigenetically regulated in IPEC-J2 cells after beta2-toxin treatment. Upregulation of ssc-miR-124a may restrain ROCK1, and attenuate apoptosis and inflammation induced by beta2-toxin that prevent IPEC-J2 cells from severe damages. We discover a new molecular mechanism by which IPEC-J2 cells counteract beta2-toxin-induced damage through the ssc-miR-124a/ROCK1 axis partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Farmer Education and Training Work Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Bruggisser J, Tarek B, Wyder M, Müller P, von Ballmoos C, Witz G, Enzmann G, Deutsch U, Engelhardt B, Posthaus H. CD31 (PECAM-1) Serves as the Endothelial Cell-Specific Receptor of Clostridium perfringens β-Toxin. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:69-78.e6. [PMID: 32497498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens β-toxin (CPB) is a highly active β-pore-forming toxin (β-PFT) and the essential virulence factor for fatal, necro-hemorrhagic enteritis in animals and humans. The molecular mechanisms involved in CPB's action on its target, the endothelium of small intestinal vessels, are poorly understood. Here, we identify platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31 or PECAM-1) as the specific membrane receptor for CPB on endothelial cells. CD31 expression corresponds with the cell-type specificity of CPB, and it is essential for toxicity in cultured cells and mice. Ectopic CD31 expression renders resistant cells and liposomes susceptible to CPB-induced membrane damage. Moreover, the extracellular Ig6 domain of mouse, human, and porcine CD31 is essential for the interaction with CPB. Hence, our results explain the cell-type specificity of CPB in vitro and in the natural disease caused by C. perfringens type C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bruggisser
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Basma Tarek
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Wyder
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph von Ballmoos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Witz
- Microscopy Imaging Center (MIC) University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Science IT Support (ScITS), Mathematical Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urban Deutsch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; COMPATH, Vetsuisse-Faculty & Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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30
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Otter A, Uzal FA. Clostridial diseases in farm animals: 1. Enterotoxaemias and other alimentary tract infections. IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.m1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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