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Georgescu D, Lighezan DF, Ionita I, Hadaruga N, Buzas R, Rosca CI, Ionita M, Suceava I, Mitu DA, Ancusa OE. Cholesterol Gallstones and Long-Term Use of Statins: Is Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Bridging over Uncertainties? Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1234. [PMID: 38928650 PMCID: PMC11202934 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 300 research participants-200 consecutive patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia (100 statin (+), treated for at least five years, and 100 statin (-)) and 100 healthy controls-were included in this observational study. The aim of the study was to deliver insights into the relationship between the long-term use of statins for dyslipidemia and gallstone disease (GSD), as well as insights into the background particularities of the gut microbiota. All study participants underwent clinical examination, laboratory workups, stool microbiology/stool 16S r RNA, next-generation sequencing, and abdominal ultrasound/CT exams. Results: The research participants presented with similarities related to age, gender, and location. Patients displayed comparable heredity for GSs, metabolic issues, and related co-morbidities. Gut dysbiosis (DB) was present in 54% of the statin (-) patients vs. 35% of the statin (+) patients (p = 0.0070). GSs were present in 14% of patients in the statin (-) group vs. 5% of patients in the statin (+) group (p = 0.0304). Severe dysbiosis, with a significant reduction in biodiversity, an increase in LPS (+) bacteria, and a notable decrease in mucin-degrading bacteria, mucosa-protective bacteria, and butyrate-producing bacteria were observed in the statin (-) group. Strong positive correlations between GSD and diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance (r = 0.3368, p = 0.0006), obesity (r = 0.3923, p < 0.0001), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (r = 0.3219, p = 0.0011), and DB (r = 0.7343, p < 0.0001), as well as significant negative correlations between GSD and alcohol use (r = -0.2305, p = 0.0211), were observed. The multiple regression equation demonstrated that only DB (95% CI: 0.3163 to 0.5670; p < 0.0001) and obesity (95% CI: 0.01431 to 0.2578; p = 0.0289) were independent risk factors predicting GSD in the group of patients treated with statins. Conclusion: The long-term use of statins in dyslipidemic patients was associated with a low risk of developing GSs. The gut microbiota associated with a long-term use of statins in dyslipidemic patients was characterized by a low risk of developing an imbalance of various functional bacteria and alterations in the metabolic microbiota. DB and obesity were found to be independent risk factors predicting GSD in statin (+) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Georgescu
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Daniel-Florin Lighezan
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Ioana Ionita
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Nicoleta Hadaruga
- Department of Food Science, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Buzas
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Ciprian-Ilie Rosca
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Mihai Ionita
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Ioana Suceava
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Diana-Alexandra Mitu
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Oana-Elena Ancusa
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
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Sou FM, Hsu CN, Chiu YC, Wu CK, Lu LS, Kuo CM, Chiu SM, Chuah SK, Yang YH, Liang CM. The association between trajectory of serum cholesterol, statin dosage, and the risk of recurrent biliary stone diseases. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00203-1. [PMID: 38589275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins may reduce the risk of recurrent gallstone disease by decreasing bile cholesterol saturation and pathogenicity. However, limited studies have investigated this issue. This study aimed to assess whether statin doses and serum cholesterol levels were associated with a decreased risk of recurrent biliary stone diseases after the first event index, with a follow-up time of 15 years. METHODS Based on the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2020, we enrolled 68,384 patients with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision codes of choledocholithiasis. After exclusions, 32,696 patients were divided into non-statin (<28 cDDD, cumulative defined daily doses) (n = 27,929) and statin (≥28 cDDD) (n = 4767) user groups for analysis. Serum cholesterol trajectories were estimated using group-based trajectory modeling (n = 8410). RESULTS The statin users had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores than the non-statin users. Time-dependent Cox regression analysis showed that statin use >365 cDDD was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrent biliary stones (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.24-0.34; p < 00.0001), acute pancreatitis (aHR = 0.24, 95% CI, 0.17-0.32, p < 00.0001), and cholangitis (aHR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.25-0.32, p < 00.0001). Cholecystectomy was also a protective factor for recurrent biliary stones (aHR = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.37-0.46; p < 00.0001). The higher trajectory serum cholesterol group (Group 3) had a lower risk trend for recurrent biliary stones (aHR = 0.79, p = 0.0700) and a lower risk of cholangitis (aHR = 0.79, p = 0.0071). CONCLUSION This study supports the potential benefits of statin use and the role of cholecystectomy in reducing the risk of recurrent biliary stone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fai-Meng Sou
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Wu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Sheng Lu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Mou Kuo
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ming Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Liang
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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王 新, 白 烨, 于 文, 谢 林, 李 诗, 江 果, 李 鸿, 张 本. [New Progress in Longitudinal Research on the Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:490-500. [PMID: 38645861 PMCID: PMC11026901 DOI: 10.12182/20240360508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is a common disease of the digestive system. The risk factors for cholelithiasis have been reported and summarized many times in the published literature, which primarily focused on cross-sectional studies. Due to the inherent limitations of the study design, the reported findings still need to be validated in additional longitudinal studies. Moreover, a number of new risk factors for cholelithiasis have been identified in recent years, such as bariatric surgery, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, kidney stones, colectomy, osteoporosis, etc. These new findings have not yet been included in published reviews. Herein, we reviewed the 101 cholelithiasis-associated risk factors identified through research based on longitudinal investigations, including cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and nested case control studies. The risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis were categorized as unmodifiable and modifiable factors. The unmodifiable factors consist of age, sex, race, and family history, while the modifiable factors include 37 biological environmental factors, 25 socioenvironmental factors, and 35 physiochemical environmental factors. This study provides thorough and comprehensive ideas for research concerning the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis, supplying the basis for identifying high-risk groups and formulating relevant prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- 新 王
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 烨 白
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 文倩 于
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 林君 谢
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 诗懿 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 果恒 江
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 鸿钰 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 本 张
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Jackson SS, Graubard BI, Gabbi C, Koshiol J. Association with menopausal hormone therapy and asymptomatic gallstones in US women in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:191. [PMID: 38168135 PMCID: PMC10761940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
15% of US adults have gallstones, most of which are clinically "silent". Several studies show that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) increases symptomatic gallstones and cholecystectomy risk. MHT use may be contraindicated in women with gallstones and population studies may be biased by "confounding by contraindication" while the true association between MHT and gallstones remains underestimated. We sought to examine whether MHT use was associated with asymptomatic gallstones using instrumental variable (IV) analysis to account for confounding by contraindication. We used 2018 postmenopausal women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate associations of MHT use with asymptomatic gallstones. A traditional logistic regression analysis was compared to instrumental variable (IV) analysis to account for confounding by contraindication. 12% of women with asymptomatic gallstones and 25% of women without gallstones were current MHT users (P < 0.001). The traditional analysis suggested a decreased odds of asymptomatic gallstones in current versus never users (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37, 0.89), but increased odds (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.44, 5.16) in the IV analysis. The traditional analysis consistently underestimated the odds of asymptomatic gallstones with MHT use compared to the IV analysis. Accounting for confounding by contraindication, we found a suggestive, though imprecise, positive association between MHT use and asymptomatic gallstones among postmenopausal women. Failure to consider contraindication can produce incorrect results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Jackson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20879, USA.
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20879, USA
| | - Chiara Gabbi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20879, USA
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Kwon MJ, Lee JW, Kang HS, Lim H, Kim ES, Kim NY, Choi HG, Kim MJ. Association between Gallstone Disease and Statin Use: A Nested Case-Control Study in Korea. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040536. [PMID: 37111293 PMCID: PMC10143191 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between statin use and the development of gallstone disease remains controversial. Existing data, primarily based on Caucasian populations, are biased, thus necessitating validation studies involving Asian cohorts. We conducted a nested case-control study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort (2002-2019) to determine the likelihood of gallstone disease according to periods of previous statin use and type of statin. Among the 514,866 participants, 22,636 diagnosed with gallstones at ≥2 clinic visits (using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, code K80) were matched 1:4 to 90,544 controls for age, sex, income, and residential area, and their statin prescription history for 2 years prior to the index date was examined. Propensity-score-weighted odds ratios (ORs) for gallstone disease were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Long-term use (>545 days) of any statin or lipophilic statins was associated with lower odds of incident gallstones (OR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86-0.96, p < 0.001 and OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83-0.93, p < 0.001, respectively) after adjusting for confounders. Short-term use (180-545 days) of any statin or hydrophilic statins was not statistically related to incident gallstones. In summary, prior statin medication, particularly long-term lipophilic statin use, may confer a preventive advantage against gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Suk Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Suseo Seoul ENT Clinic and MD Analytics, 10, Bamgogae-ro 1-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06349, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
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Chang Y, Lin HM, Chi KY, Lin WY, Chou TC. Association between statin use and risk of gallstone disease and cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis of 590,086 patients. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15149. [PMID: 37051411 PMCID: PMC10084820 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Statins have been reported to reduce the risk of gallstone disease. However, the impacts of different durations of statin use on gallstone disease have not been clarified. The aim of this study is toperform a systematic review with meta-analysis to update and to elucidate the association between statin use and the risk of gallstone disease and cholecystectomy. Methods Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from the inception until August 2022 for relevant articles investigating the difference in the risk of gallstone disease between statin users and non-users (PROSPERO, ID: CRD42020182445). Meta-analyses were conducted using odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare the risk of gallstone disease and cholecystectomy between statin user and nonusers. Results Eight studies enrolling 590,086 patients were included. Overall, the use of statins was associated with a marginally significant lower risk of gallstone disease than nonusers (OR, 0.91; 95% CI [0.82-1.00]). Further subgroup analysis showed that short-term users, medium-term users, and long-term users were associated with a significantly higher risk (OR, 1.18; 95% CI [1.11-1.25]), comparable risk (OR, 0.93; 95% CI [0.83-1.04]), and significantly lower risk of gallstone diseases (OR, 0.78; 95% CI [0.68-0.90]) respectively, compared to nonusers. Conclusions Patients with medium-term or long-term use of statins without discontinuation are at a lower risk of gallstone disease or cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Min Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chi
- Department of Education, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ying Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Chou
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Pearlman M, Covin Y, Schmidt R, Mortensen EM, Mansi IA. Statins and Lower Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 57:1053-1063. [PMID: 28398604 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported constipation, abdominal pain, or diarrhea as common adverse events for statins. Statins are among the most commonly prescribed medications, and the impact on the prevalence of these conditions was rarely studied as main outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine if statin therapy is associated with constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or colitis. This was a retrospective cohort study using a regional military health care data from October 1, 2003, to March 1, 2012. A propensity score-matched cohort of statin users and nonusers was created based on 82 variables. The primary analysis evaluated the odds ratios of the following diagnoses: constipation, ≥3 encounters for constipation; abdominal pain, ≥3 encounters for abdominal pain; diarrhea, ≥3 encounters for diarrhea; colitis, ≥3 encounters for colitis; and endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract, ≥3 endoscopies of the lower gastrointestinal tract. After propensity score matching of 6342 statin users and 6342 nonusers, there was no statistically significant difference in constipation (OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.87-1.05; P = .33), abdominal pain (OR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.88-1.02; P = .15), or colitis (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.91-1.14; P = .73). However, there was an association between statin therapy and endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract (OR, 1.14; 95%CI, 1.04-1.26; P = .002) and decreased odds of diarrhea (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.80-0.97; P = .01). In this retrospective cohort study, an association between statin therapy and increased likelihood of being diagnosed with lower gastrointestinal conditions could not be demonstrated, contrary to some statins package inserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Pearlman
- Division of Gastroenterology at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yvonne Covin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Mortensen
- Medicine Services, VA North Texas Health Care System and Departments of Medicine and Clinical Sciences at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ishak A Mansi
- Medicine Services, VA North Texas Health Care System and Departments of Medicine and Clinical Sciences at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Feng D, Nan H, Wang W, Yan L, Du P, Zuo L, Zhang K, Zhao M, Cui G. Expression and alteration of BK Ca channels in the sphincter of Oddi's from rabbits with hypercholesterolemia. Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:236-244. [PMID: 28102743 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1279369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of BKCa channels in the Sphincter of Oddi (SO) in a rabbit model of hypercholesterolemia (HC). New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group was fed standard chow (n = 18) whereas the high-cholesterol group was fed cholesterol-enriched chow containing 1.5% cholesterol (n = 18). The serum cholesterol level was significantly greater in the HC groups than in the control group, but there was no significant difference in body weight between the control and HC groups. Although the total protein expression of BKCa α- and β1-subunit was not significantly different between the control and HC groups, the Tyr-phosphorylation of BKCa α-subunit was significantly decreased in the HC group than in the control group. In addition, hypercholesterolemia significantly increased Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction of the SO rings. Pretreatment with 30 μM NS1619, a BKCa channel agonist, significantly reduced ACh-induced contraction of the SO rings in HC rabbits. Moreover, pretreatment with 100 μM Na3OV4, a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, significantly reduced ACh-induced contraction of the SO rings in HC rabbits, whereas it significantly increased upon pretreating with 10 μM Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that BKCa current density was significantly lower in SOSMCs from HC group than that from control group. Our findings suggest that hypercholesterolemia-induced downregulation of BKCa channel, and Tyr-phosphorylation of BKCa α-subunit may contribute to the hyperresponsiveness of the SO ring in HC rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- a Department of Radiology , Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Haiyan Nan
- a Department of Radiology , Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wen Wang
- a Department of Radiology , Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Linfeng Yan
- a Department of Radiology , Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Pang Du
- a Department of Radiology , Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Lin Zuo
- a Department of Radiology , Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Kun Zhang
- b Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- b Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- a Department of Radiology , Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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