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Fenlon EE, Pinciotti CM, Jones AC, Rippey CS, Wild H, Hubert TJJ, Tipsword JM, Badour CL, Adams TG. Assessment of Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Assessment 2024; 31:126-144. [PMID: 37904505 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231208403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are commonly comorbid and share prominent features (e.g., intrusions, safety behaviors, and avoidance). Excellent self-report and clinician-administered assessments exist for OCD and PTSD individually, but few assess both disorders, and even fewer provide instruction on differential diagnosis or detection of comorbid OCD and PTSD. To address this gap in the literature, the current paper aims to (1) highlight diagnostic and functional similarities and differences between OCD and PTSD to inform differential diagnosis, (2) outline assessment recommendations for individuals with suspected comorbid OCD and PTSD, OCD with a significant trauma history or posttraumatic symptoms, or PTSD with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and (3) explore future directions to evaluate and improve methods for assessing co-occurring OCD and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyssa C Jones
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Charleston, SC, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas G Adams
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Petersen JM, Twohig MP. Sexual Orientation Intrusive Thoughts and Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility. J Cogn Psychother 2023; 37:142-155. [PMID: 37258302 DOI: 10.1891/jcp-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sexual orientation intrusive thoughts are a debilitating form of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The present study aimed to elucidate how psychological inflexibility and dysfunctional beliefs may impact the relationships of sexual orientation intrusive thoughts and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms with well-being. A total of 181 undergraduate students completed measures of sexual orientation intrusive thoughts, OC symptoms, psychological inflexibility, dysfunctional beliefs, and well-being. Results indicated positive correlations between psychological inflexibility, sexual orientation intrusive thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, and OC symptoms, along with negative correlations between well-being and sexual orientation intrusive thoughts, OC symptoms, dysfunctional beliefs, and psychological inflexibility. Psychological inflexibility acted as a mediator between sexual orientation intrusive thoughts and well-being and between OC symptoms and well-being. Dysfunctional beliefs were not a significant mediator. These results suggest that psychological inflexibility may partially explain the association between OC symptoms and well-being, pointing toward the need for future research on the impact of psychological inflexibility on well-being in the context of OC symptoms.
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Merling LF, Siev J, Delucia C, Davidtz J. I Think I Can: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Exposure to Contamination. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Self-efficacy (SE) has been explored extensively within the field of psychology. Despite a rich literature demonstrating its positive effect on various behavioral outcomes, including psychological treatment outcomes, little is known about the impact of SE on outcomes related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. To fill this critical gap in the literature, this study aims to examine the relationship between SE beliefs and contamination-related approach behavior and to determine whether increasing SE may improve engagement in exposure-based interventions for contamination fears. Method: Participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to complete a contamination-related behavioral approach task (CR-BAT) immediately following either a SE-boosting exercise or a non-SE related control. Results: Self-reported contamination-relevant SE was positively correlated with approach behavior during the CR-BAT. However, there were no differences between conditions in contamination-related SE or approach behavior during the CR-BAT. Nevertheless, participants in the SE-boosting condition reported lower levels of anxiety during the CR-BAT than did those in the control condition, suggesting that the manipulation was effective in reducing subjective distress. Discussion: Future research using more effective methods to manipulate SE is required to examine the causality of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori F. Merling
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Sydney Merling Center for OCD and Anxiety, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
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Berman NC, Fang A, Hoeppner SS, Reese H, Siev J, Timpano KR, Wheaton MG. COVID-19 and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large multi-site college sample. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 2022; 33:100727. [PMID: 35529829 PMCID: PMC9059345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique risks to college students' mental health, and specifically to symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To better understand the relationship between COVID-19 impact and OC symptoms in this population, six colleges from across the US administered a battery of questionnaires and an emotion differentiation paradigm to eligible students (N = 841). We examined whether degree of pandemic-related disruption was associated with OC severity, and if so, whether this relationship was explained by trait (poor emotion regulation and differentiation) and state risk factors (poor sleep quality, less exercise frequency, less social support, thwarted sense of belongingness, and greater loneliness). Results indicated that the positive relationship between COVID-19 impact and OC severity was mediated by trait emotion-related processes (e.g., emotion regulation and differentiation), but no state risk factors emerged as significant mediators. Our findings contribute to the literature demonstrating a significant relationship between COVID-19 impact and OC severity, and highlight that emotion regulation difficulties may help explain this association. Our findings can inform evidence-based interventions on college campuses; however, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences. Future research should evaluate these relationships longitudinally and incorporate other psychosocial factors that may operate as mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Fang
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, USA
| | - Susanne S Hoeppner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, OCD and Related Disorders, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael G Wheaton
- Barnard College of Columbia University, Department of Psychology, USA
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Fairbrother N, Albert A, Keeney C, Tchir D, Cameron RB. Screening for Perinatal OCD: A Comparison of the DOCS and the EPDS. Assessment 2021; 30:1028-1039. [PMID: 34969305 PMCID: PMC10152558 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211063223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Screening for perinatal-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is rare. We sought to evaluate the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) as a screening tool for perinatal OCD and compare the screening accuracy of the DOCS with the commonly recommended Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). English-speaking, pregnant individuals aged 19+ (N = 574) completed online questionnaires and diagnostic interviews to assess for OCD prenatally and twice postpartum. The DOCS total score demonstrated the highest level of accuracy. Neither the EPDS-Full nor the three-item Anxiety subscale of the EPDS (EPDS-3A) met the criteria of a sufficiently accurate screening tool for OCD at any of the assessment points. Findings provide support for the DOCS as a screening tool for perinatal OCD and indicate a need for disorder-specific screening for perinatal anxiety and their related disorders (AD). Generalizability of findings is limited to Canada only. Future research would benefit from comparisons with measures of perinatal OCD (e.g., the Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Scale).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianne Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cora Keeney
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Devan Tchir
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rose B Cameron
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kühne F, Paunov T, Weck F. Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder: how suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen? BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:450. [PMID: 34511062 PMCID: PMC8436546 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. METHODS In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being. RESULTS Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53-.72; ω = .55-.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = -.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52). CONCLUSIONS Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument's diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kühne
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Paunov
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Florian Weck
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Hudiburgh SE, Reese HE, Carver CS, Çek D, Timpano KR. A multi-method examination of the link between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and emotion-related impulsivity. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:293-311. [PMID: 33836094 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition marked by recurrent and distressing thoughts, images, and urges accompanied by repetitive physical or mental rituals. An emerging line of work suggests that emotion may be an important consideration when looking at the role of impulsivity across the spectrum of psychopathology, including OCD. The current study examined the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS) and impulsive cognitive and behavioural reactions to emotion using a multi-study, multi-method approach. DESIGN Data were collected cross-sectionally online (Study 1) or via an in-person laboratory visit (Study 2). METHODS In Study 1, self-report measures of impulsivity and OCS were administered to a large, non-selected community sample (N = 386). Study 2 extended these findings with a young adult sample (N = 107) with clinically elevated OCS using self-report measures, clinical interview, and two behavioural symptom provocation tasks. RESULTS Emotion-related impulsivity, but not non-emotion-related impulsivity, was associated with greater severity of OCS across symptom domains and across all modes of assessment. Impulsive cognitive responses to emotion were associated with greater obsession severity, while impulsive behavioural reactions to emotion were associated with greater compulsions. Emotion-related impulsivity also acted synergistically with a belief in the importance and control of thoughts, such that this established risk factor for OCD was associated with greater OCS severity only when behavioural reactivity to emotion was also present. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of considering emotional context when studying impulsivity in OCD, and point to the potentially differential relationship between OCS and behavioural versus cognitive impulsive reactions to emotion. PRACTITIONER POINTS Emotion-related impulsivity (ERI) reflects a tendency to act impulsively in the context of strong emotions. ERI was associated with greater OCS across symptom domains and type of symptom assessment (self-report, interview, or symptom provocation). ERI also interacted with an established OCS risk factor, a belief in the importance and control of thoughts, to predict symptom severity, suggesting that it may be important to evaluate and address ERI alongside unhelpful beliefs in patients with OCS. Given the present study's cross-sectional nature, we cannot draw conclusions about the directionality of the ERI - OCS relationship, and while our study included individuals with clinically elevated OCS, results should be replicated in a fully clinical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Demet Çek
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Measuring self-efficacy to approach contamination: Development and validation of the facing-contamination self-efficacy scale. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hook RW, Grant JE, Ioannidis K, Tiego J, Yücel M, Wilkinson P, Chamberlain SR. Trans-diagnostic measurement of impulsivity and compulsivity: A review of self-report tools. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:455-469. [PMID: 33115636 PMCID: PMC7116678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impulsivity and compulsivity are important constructs, relevant to understanding behaviour in the general population, as well as in particular mental disorders (e.g. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder). The current paper provides a narrative review of self-report impulsivity and compulsivity scales. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the following terms: ("impulsivity" OR "compulsivity") AND ("self-report" OR "questionnaire" OR "psychometric" OR "scale"). RESULTS 25 impulsive and 11 compulsive scales were identified, which varied considerably in psychometric properties, convenience, and validity. For impulsivity, the most commonly used scales were the BIS and the UPPS-P, whilst for compulsivity, the Padua Inventory was commonly used. The majority of compulsivity scales measured OCD symptoms (obsessions and compulsions) rather than being trans-diagnostic or specific to compulsivity (as opposed to obsessions). Scales capable of overcoming these limitations were highlighted. DISCUSSION This review provides clarity regarding relative advantages and disadvantages of different scales relevant to the measurement of impulsivity and compulsivity in many contexts. Areas for further research and refinement are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne W Hook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Neural Systems and Behaviour Lab, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
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Emotion generation and regulation following an intrusion induction: Implications for taboo or autogenous obsessions. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 69:101593. [PMID: 32574801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Research demonstrates that autogenous (AO) and reactive obsessions (RO) differ in obsessional content; however, no experimental research has examined differences in emotion generation and regulation. Characterizing this taxonomy with respect to emotion generation and regulation could refine conceptualizations of obsessionality and optimize clinical interventions. METHODS Seventy undergraduates were randomly assigned to imagine a personally-relevant AO or RO. Subsequently, emotional reactivity was assessed. Participants then rated their emotion regulation efforts and the degree to which the intrusion violated their values. RESULTS Broadly aligning with expectations, bootstrapped linear regression models indicated that AOs led to a significant increase in self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, and embarrassment), and these effects were stronger for those whose values were more severely threatened by the intrusion. A conditional process analysis revealed that the relationship between the AO condition and emotion regulation difficulties was explained by an increase in negative emotional reactivity, and the strength of this effect depended upon the degree of conflict with participants' values. LIMITATIONS The use of an analogue sample, and minimal emotional reactivity in the RO condition, threaten the ecological and external validity of the study. CONCLUSIONS The current study employed a novel experimental design demonstrating a meaningful relationship between AOs and both emotional activation and regulation. Results highlight the relevance of self-conscious emotions to the conceptualization of AOs and the utility of addressing them in the context of exposure therapy.
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Williams MT, Taylor RJ, George JR, Schlaudt VA, Ifatunji MA, Chatters LM. Correlates of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among Black Caribbean Americans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 50:53-77. [PMID: 33840831 PMCID: PMC8034584 DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2020.1826261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the rapid growth of the Black Caribbean population in the United States, we know little about the presentation and prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among these groups. This study examines the demographic correlates and the effect of racial discrimination on OCD symptoms among a nationally-representative sample of Black Caribbean and African American adults (n = 5,191). Drawing on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) for OCD, we examine two types of obsessions (harm and contamination) and four types of compulsions (repeating, washing, ordering, and counting). There we no significant differences between Black Caribbeans and African Americans in obsessions and compulsions. Analysis among Black Caribbeans found that compared with Jamaican and Trinidadian Americans, Haitian American individuals reported the fewest number of obsessions and compulsions. We show that Black Caribbean Americans with lower income, lower self-rated physical and mental health, and more experiences with racial discrimination report higher levels of OCD. More specifically, racial discrimination was associated with contamination and harm obsessions, as well as washing and repeating compulsions. Our findings highlight the need to consider specific domains of OCD relative to Black Caribbeans, and the relationship between social and demographic variables on symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamilah R. George
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychological Sciences, Storrs, CT
| | | | - Mosi Adesina Ifatunji
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Department of Afro American Studies, Madison, WI
| | - Linda M. Chatters
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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van der Veld WM, Duppen L, Hendriks GJ, Abramowitz JS, Kampman M. Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is a self-report questionnaire aimed to measure the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms on four thematically different symptom dimensions (contamination, responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts, and symmetry and completeness). The DOCS was developed in the US in response to the insufficiency of existing OCD measures. The 20-item scale is used in research and clinical settings. We translated the DOCS into Dutch and examined the psychometric properties in a clinical sample. In addition, we further examined the US version of DOCS with respect to measurement invariance between patient and non-patients and also between the US and the Dutch version of the DOCS. The analyses showed that the Dutch version is a valid and reliable version of the DOCS. Measurement invariance tests indicated that patient scores can be validly compared with non-patient scores. Therefore, the DOCS is a good instrument to monitor the development of OCD, for example, during treatment. The same result was found for the US DOCS and the Dutch DOCS, hence US scores and Dutch scores can be validly compared. With these two studies we have extended our knowledge of the DOCS, beyond the common psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotte Duppen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pro Persona, Centre of Expertise for Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Hendriks
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pro Persona, Centre of Expertise for Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam Kampman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pro Persona, Centre of Expertise for Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Collardeau F, Corbyn B, Abramowitz J, Janssen PA, Woody S, Fairbrother N. Maternal unwanted and intrusive thoughts of infant-related harm, obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression in the perinatal period: study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:94. [PMID: 30898103 PMCID: PMC6429780 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unwanted, intrusive thoughts of harm-related to the infant are reported by the vast majority of new mothers, with half of all new mothers reporting unwanted, intrusive thoughts of harming their infant on purpose. Thoughts of intentional harm, in particular, are distressing to women, their partners and the people who care for them. While maternal, unwanted and intrusive thoughts of infant-related harm are known to be associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression, preliminary evidence suggests that they are not associated with an increased risk of harm to infants. Perinatal care providers and policy makers, as well as new mothers and their partners require evidence-based information in order to respond appropriately to these types of thoughts. The purpose of this research is to address important gaps regarding the (a) prevalence and characteristics of intrusive, unwanted thoughts of baby-related harm, (b) their association (or lack thereof) with child abuse, and (c) the prevalence and course of obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression in the perinatal period. METHODS Participant were 763 English-speaking women and recruited during pregnancy. In this province-wide study in British Columbia, participants were recruited proportionally from hospitals, city centers and rural communities between January 23, 2014 and September 09, 2016. Participants were administered online questionnaires and diagnostic interviews over the phone at 33-weeks gestation, 7-weeks postpartum and 4-months postpartum. The study assessed intrusive and unwanted thoughts of harm related to the infant, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive episode (MDE) disorders and symptomatology, sleep, medical outcomes, parenting attitudes, and infant abuse. DISCUSSION There is a scarcity of literature concerning maternal unwanted, intrusive, postpartum thoughts of infant-related harm and their relationship to child harming behaviors, OCD and depression. This longitudinal cohort study was designed to build on the existing research base to ensure that policy developers, child protection workers and health-care providers have the guidance they need to respond appropriately to the disclosure of infant-related harm thoughts. Thus, its main goals will be to investigate whether intrusive postpartum thoughts of infant-related harm are a risk factor for child abuse or the development of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanie Collardeau
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Bryony Corbyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Abramowitz
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Patricia A. Janssen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sheila Woody
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Algin S, Nahar JS, Hasnat Sajib MW, Arafat SMY. Validation of the Bangla version of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 37:136-139. [PMID: 30218853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and severe psychiatric illness which affects about 1-3% of the population across the globe. The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is a 20-item self-report instrument that assesses the severity of OCD in four dimensions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to adapt and validate the DOCS in Bangla. METHODS This validation study was conducted from January 2016 to July 2017 using purposive sampling technique. A total of 100 OCD patients were recruited from OCD clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We applied Bangla version of DOCS to collect data and assessed different forms of validity and reliability. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha of DOCS Bangla was 0.93 which signifies a good internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha of contamination domain was 0.92; responsibility domain 0.94, thought domain 0.91 and symmetry domain was found 0.93. Four factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Pearson correlation was 0.73 between the DOCS Bangla total global score and the Y-BOCS total score which signifies good criterion validity. CONCLUSION DOCS Bangla is a psychometrically reliable and valid tool for use in clinical settings, research and primary care setting to diagnose and manage OCD for Bangla speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Algin
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Jhunu Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rapp AM, Bergman RL, Piacentini J, McGuire JF. Evidence-Based Assessment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2016; 8:13-29. [PMID: 27594793 PMCID: PMC4994744 DOI: 10.4137/jcnsd.s38359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric illness that often develops in childhood, affects 1%-2% of the population, and causes significant impairment across the lifespan. The first step in identifying and treating OCD is a thorough evidence-based assessment. This paper reviews the administration pragmatics, psychometric properties, and limitations of commonly used assessment measures for adults and youths with OCD. This includes diagnostic interviews, clinician-administered symptom severity scales, self-report measures, and parent/child measures. Additionally, adjunctive measures that assess important related factors (ie, impairment, family accommodation, and insight) are also discussed. This paper concludes with recommendations for an evidence-based assessment based on individualized assessment goals that include generating an OCD diagnosis, determining symptom severity, and monitoring treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Rapp
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Lindsay Bergman
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F McGuire
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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