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Lawrence M, Goyal A, Pathak S, Ganguly P. Cellular Senescence and Inflammaging in the Bone: Pathways, Genetics, Anti-Aging Strategies and Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7411. [PMID: 39000517 PMCID: PMC11242738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with several age-related diseases (ARDs), with musculoskeletal conditions impacting millions of elderly people worldwide. With orthopedic conditions contributing towards considerable number of patients, a deeper understanding of bone aging is the need of the hour. One of the underlying factors of bone aging is cellular senescence and its associated senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP comprises of pro-inflammatory markers, cytokines and chemokines that arrest cell growth and development. The accumulation of SASP over several years leads to chronic low-grade inflammation with advancing age, also known as inflammaging. The pathways and molecular mechanisms focused on bone senescence and inflammaging are currently limited but are increasingly being explored. Most of the genes, pathways and mechanisms involved in senescence and inflammaging coincide with those associated with cancer and other ARDs like osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, exploring these pathways using techniques like sequencing, identifying these factors and combatting them with the most suitable approach are crucial for healthy aging and the early detection of ARDs. Several approaches can be used to aid regeneration and reduce senescence in the bone. These may be pharmacological, non-pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. With increasing evidence towards the intricate relationship between aging, senescence, inflammation and ARDs, these approaches may also be used as anti-aging strategies for the aging bone marrow (BM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Lawrence
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, H91W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhishek Goyal
- RAS Life Science Solutions, Stresemannallee 61, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shelly Pathak
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, 5 Coles Lane, Oakington, Cambridge CB24 3BA, UK
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
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Shah MA, Faheem HI, Hamid A, Yousaf R, Haris M, Saleem U, Shah GM, Alhasani RH, Althobaiti NA, Alsharif I, Silva AS. The entrancing role of dietary polyphenols against the most frequent aging-associated diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:235-274. [PMID: 37486109 DOI: 10.1002/med.21985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging, a fundamental physiological process influenced by innumerable biological and genetic pathways, is an important driving factor for several aging-associated disorders like diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In the modern era, the several mechanisms associated with aging have been deeply studied. Treatment and therapeutics for age-related diseases have also made considerable advances; however, for the effective and long-lasting treatment, nutritional therapy particularly including dietary polyphenols from the natural origin are endorsed. These dietary polyphenols (e.g., apigenin, baicalin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, kaempferol, quercetin, resveratrol, and theaflavin), and many other phytochemicals target certain molecular, genetic mechanisms. The most common pathways of age-associated diseases are mitogen-activated protein kinase, reactive oxygen species production, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways, metal chelation, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and inflammation. Polyphenols slow down the course of aging and help in combatting age-linked disorders. This exemplified in the form of clinical trials on specific dietary polyphenols in various aging-associated diseases. With this context in mind, this review reveals the new insights to slow down the aging process, and consequently reduce some classic diseases associated with age such as aforementioned, and targeting age-associated diseases by the activities of dietary polyphenols of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafiza Ishmal Faheem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hamid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Reem H Alhasani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Al-Quwaiiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Polo III, Azinhaga de St Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vahl JM, Nagel G, Abou Kors T, Brand M, von Witzleben A, Sonntag M, Grages A, Theodoraki MN, Greve J, Denkinger M, Dallmeier D, Idel C, Stilgenbauer S, Hoffmann TK, Laban S. Regional outcome disparities in German head and neck cancer patients: Shorter survival in Eastern Germany. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21426-21435. [PMID: 38037808 PMCID: PMC10726835 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demographics are important prognostic factors in malignant diseases. A nationwide analysis concerning the prognostic impact of demographics in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (HNCP) has not been performed previously. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data from the Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) and the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) between 2002 and 2017 was performed. A total of 212'920 HNCP were included. Incidence, tumor stage, age development, sex distribution, age-, residence-, and diagnosis-time-specific survival were examined. RESULTS Mean age of HNCP increased more rapidly than in the general population (slope coefficient: 0.29 vs. 0.20; p < 0.0001). Higher age and male sex were associated with a worse prognosis. Whereas overall survival (OS) increased from the early to the later observation period for HNCP <70 years, no OS improvement for HNCP >70 years was found. Furthermore, an OS disadvantage was observed for East Germany compared to West Germany (median 47 vs. 60 months; p < 0.0001). This disparity was associated with a disproportionately high ratio of men in East Germany (men/women: 4.4 vs. 3.1; p < 0.0001) and a lower mean age (61 vs. 63 years; p < 0.0001). In addition to stage, age and sex, residence in East Germany were confirmed as an independent factor for OS in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Finally, three decades after the German reunion, a survival disadvantage for patients in East Germany still exists. This discrepancy may be a result of socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M. Vahl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical BiometryUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Michael Sonntag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Ayla Grages
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Marie N. Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Jens Greve
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Michael Denkinger
- Agaplesion Bethesda UlmInstitute of Geriatric Research at Ulm University Medical Center and Geriatric CenterUlmGermany
| | - Dhayana Dallmeier
- Agaplesion Bethesda UlmInstitute of Geriatric Research at Ulm University Medical Center and Geriatric CenterUlmGermany
| | - Christian Idel
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
| | | | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Robinson S, Zheng J. Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Different Amyloid Proteins Reveals an Inverse Relationship between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300070. [PMID: 37080947 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and cancers are considered to be two families of diseases caused by completely opposite cell-death mechanisms: the former caused by premature cell death, with the latter due to the increased resistance to cell death. Growing epidemiologic evidence appear to suggest an inverse correlation between neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. However, pathological links, particularly from a protein-cell interaction perspective, between these two families of diseases remains to be proven. Here, a fundamental study investigates the effects of three amyloid proteins of Aβ (associated with AD), hIAPP (associated with T2D), and hCT (associated with MTC) on pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells. Collective results demonstrate a general inhibitory activity of all of three amyloid proteins on cancer cell proliferation, but inhibition efficiencies are strongly dependent on amyloid sequence (Aβ, hIAPP, hCT), concentration (IC25, IC50, IC75), and aggregation states (monomers, oligomers). Amyloid proteins exhibit two pathways against cancer cells: amyloid monomer-induced ROS production to inhibit cell growth and amyloid oligomer-induced membrane disruption to kill cells. Collectively, the results demonstrate a general inhibition function of amyloid proteins to induce cancer cell death by preventing cell proliferation, suppressing cell migration, promoting reactive oxygen species production, and disrupting cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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Comprehensive Studies of Different Cancer Diseases among Less-Developed Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030424. [PMID: 35326902 PMCID: PMC8949682 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the rate of cancer deaths in less-developed countries such as Bangladesh has significantly increased day by day, making it a major health issue. The most predominant types of cancers among the populations of less-developed countries (especially Bangladesh) are lung, throat, colon, gastric, ovarian, breast, and skin cancers. The mortality rate is increasing for both males and females. The main common factors are smoking, use of tobacco leaves, bacterial or viral infection, hereditary disorders, food adulterations, and environmental factors, which are highly responsible for the development of carcinoma in the young to adult population in this region. Raising consciousness among people regarding early diagnosis, decreasing the use of chemicals such as formalin for food preservation, and reducing environmental pollution such as arsenic as well as air pollution might help to reduce the number of deaths. Education and public campaigns can also reduce the intensity of cancer occurrence. Breast, esophagus, and cervical cancer are common diseases in less-developed countries such as Bangladesh.
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Shi D, Tan Q, Ruan J, Tian Z, Wang X, Liu J, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Sun C, Niu Y. Aging-related markers in rat urine revealed by dynamic metabolic profiling using machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14322-14341. [PMID: 34016789 PMCID: PMC8202887 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging and metabolism is intimately intertwined; thus, developing biomarkers related to metabolism is critical for delaying aging. However, few studies have identified reliable markers that reflect aging trajectories based on machine learning. We generated metabolomic profiles from rat urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. This was dynamically collected at four stages of the rat's age (20, 50, 75, and 100 weeks) for both the training and test groups. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plots revealed a perfect separation trajectory in one direction with increasing age in the training and test groups. We further screened 25 aging-related biomarkers through the combination of four algorithms (VIP, time-series, LASSO, and SVM-RFE) in the training group. They were validated in the test group with an area under the curve of 1. Finally, six metabolites, known or novel aging-related markers, were identified, including epinephrine, glutarylcarnitine, L-kynurenine, taurine, 3-hydroxydodecanedioic acid, and N-acetylcitrulline. We also found that, except for N-acetylcitrulline (p < 0.05), the identified aging-related metabolites did not differ between tumor-free and tumor-bearing rats at 100 weeks (p > 0.05). Our findings reveal the metabolic trajectories of aging and provide novel biomarkers as potential therapeutic antiaging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shi
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qilong Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jingqi Ruan
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jinxiao Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yucun Niu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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7
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Lau CHE, Robinson O. DNA methylation age as a biomarker for cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2652-2663. [PMID: 33394520 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is well established as an age-associated disease, and there is substantial overlap in the molecular, cellular and physiological changes observed with both ageing and the progression of cancer. Age-specific declines in resilience mechanisms such as DNA repair or epigenetic maintenance may contribute to the development of cancer. These declines may be assessed through biomarkers that measure biological age and through the related concept of "age acceleration". Epigenetic clocks, assessed through DNA methylation levels, are among the most widely used biological age markers in cancer studies. In this review, we discuss the use of DNA methylation ageing measures to predict population cancer incidence, mortality and survival. Blood-based DNA methylation age estimators appear to be promising measures of increased cancer risk and mortality, although their reported effects are generally weak, thus its clinical relevance remains to be validated in large case-cohort and longitudinal studies. Future development of epigenetic and other biological age biomarkers will likely further elucidate the links between ageing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho E Lau
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Deng L, Cai Y, Zhang W, Yang W, Gao B, Liu H. Pathway-Guided Deep Neural Network toward Interpretable and Predictive Modeling of Drug Sensitivity. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4497-4505. [PMID: 32804489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To efficiently save cost and reduce risk in drug research and development, there is a pressing demand to develop in silico methods to predict drug sensitivity to cancer cells. With the exponentially increasing number of multi-omics data derived from high-throughput techniques, machine learning-based methods have been applied to the prediction of drug sensitivities. However, these methods have drawbacks either in the interpretability of the mechanism of drug action or limited performance in modeling drug sensitivity. In this paper, we presented a pathway-guided deep neural network (DNN) model to predict the drug sensitivity in cancer cells. Biological pathways describe a group of molecules in a cell that collaborates to control various biological functions like cell proliferation and death, thereby abnormal function of pathways can result in disease. To take advantage of the excellent predictive ability of DNN and the biological knowledge of pathways, we reshaped the canonical DNN structure by incorporating a layer of pathway nodes and their connections to input gene nodes, which makes the DNN model more interpretable and predictive compared to canonical DNN. We have conducted extensive performance evaluations on multiple independent drug sensitivity data sets and demonstrated that our model significantly outperformed the canonical DNN model and eight other classical regression models. Most importantly, we observed a remarkable activity decrease in disease-related pathway nodes during forward propagation upon inputs of drug targets, which implicitly corresponds to the inhibition effect of disease-related pathways induced by drug treatment on cancer cells. Our empirical experiments showed that our method achieves pharmacological interpretability and predictive ability in modeling drug sensitivity in cancer cells. The web server, the processed data sets, and source codes for reproducing our work are available at http://pathdnn.denglab.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075 Changsha, China
| | - Yideng Cai
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075 Changsha, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, 213164 Changzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075 Changsha, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 213164 Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, 213164 Changzhou, China
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Abdelaziz AO, Nabil MM, Omran DA, Abdelmaksoud AH, Asem N, Shousha HI, Elbaz TM, Leithy R. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Multidisciplinary Clinic-Cairo University (HMC-CU) score: A new simple score for diagnosis of HCC. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 21:102-105. [PMID: 32439235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The risk of hepatocarcinogenesis depends on background liver factors, of which fibrosis is a major determinant. Serum markers and scores are of increasing importance in non-invasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. Our aim was to predict the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a non-invasive fibrosis score calculated using routine patient data. PATIENTS AND MTHODS Our retrospective study included 1,291 hepatitis C related-HCC Egyptian patients (Group 1) recruited from the multidisciplinary HCC clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University in the period between February 2009 and June 2016 and 1072 chronic hepatitis C-naïve patients (Group 2) with advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and cirrhosis (F4). King score, Fibro Q score, Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), AST to ALT ratio (AAR), LOK score, Göteborg University Cirrhosis Index (GUCI), Fibro-α and Biotechnology Research Center (BRC) scores were calculated for all patients. Regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for significant scores with the best cut-off for predicting HCC. A regression equation was used to calculate predicted probabilities of HCC using the following variables; age, gender, haemoglobin, international normalised ratio (INR), albumin and alpha fetoprotein. The appropriate score cut-off points yielding optimal sensitivity and specificity were determined by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS There was a highly significant difference between the two groups for all calculated scores (P = 0.0001). Our new score, the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Multidisciplinary Clinic-Cairo University (HMC-CU) score (Logit probability of HCC = - 2.524 + 0.152*age - 0.121*Hb - 0.696*INR - 1.059*Alb + 0.022*AFP + 0.976*Sex. Male = 1, Female = 0), with a cut-off of 0.559 was superior to other scores for predicting HCC, having a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80.6%. CONCLUSION The HMC-CU score is a promising, easily calculated, accurate, cost-effective score for HCC prediction in chronic HCV patients with advanced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmed Hosni Abdelmaksoud
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Asem
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Ibrahim Shousha
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tamer Mahmoud Elbaz
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Leithy
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cohen G, Steinberg DM, Keinan-Boker L, Shaked O, Goshen A, Shimony T, Shohat T, Gerber Y. Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cancer Risk Among Older Adults: A Cohort Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2020; 4:115-125. [PMID: 32280920 PMCID: PMC7140136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and long-term cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of older adults. Participants and Methods The cohort comprised participants of a national survey conducted between July 2005 and December 2006, constituting a random sample of Israeli community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older. Based on self-reported LTPA habits, participants were classified as sufficiently active, insufficiently active, or inactive according to published guidelines. Cancer diagnosis was assessed via the Israeli National Cancer Registry through September 2015. Inverse probability weighted hazard ratios for incident cancer, based on propensity score, were estimated for LTPA categories. Results Analysis included 1542 participants with no history of cancer at baseline (median [25th-75th percentile] age, 73 years [69-78 years]; 826 [53.6%] women). Inactive participants (n=641 [41.6%]) were more likely to be female, of lower socioeconomic status, and with higher body mass index and poorer perceived health compared with their insufficiently active (n=443 [28.7%]) and sufficiently active (n=458 [29.7%]) counterparts. In the propensity score–weighted synthetic sample, the distribution of measured baseline covariates was similar across LTPA categories. Over a median follow-up of 9 years, 254 new cancer cases (16.5%) were diagnosed. Leisure-time physical activity was inversely associated with incident cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 0.66 (0.46-0.93) in insufficiently active and 0.59 (0.42-0.82) in sufficiently active participants compared with inactive individuals (P value for trend = .002). Conclusion Among older adults, engaging in LTPA, even at lower levels than officially recommended, may have a beneficial effect on primary prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Stanley Steyer Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David M Steinberg
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, School of Mathematical Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Or Shaked
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail Goshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tamar Shohat
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Stanley Steyer Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Nadaraja S, Schledermann D, Herrstedt J, Østrup O, Ditzel HJ. ARAP1 is an independent prognostic biomarker in older women with ovarian high-grade serous adenocarcinoma receiving first-line platinum-based antineoplastic therapy. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:40-47. [PMID: 31478407 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1657941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the biological factors influencing ovarian cancer (OC) patient outcome, especially in older patients who are often underrepresented in clinical trials. We examined alterations in the transcriptomic profile of primary high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) samples from older OC patients (>70 years) receiving first-line platinum-based treatment to identify potential biomarkers for prediction of response to this therapy.Material and methods: Tumor samples from 50 HGSC patients were identified from a retrospective cohort, analyzed by gene expression array. The protein expression of selected biomarkers was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: Gene expression profiling revealed 81 genes with significantly altered expression in patients experiencing progression after first-line platinum-based treatment within 6 months versus those who progressed later than 12 months. Expression of ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 (ARAP1) was significantly lower in the group with early versus late progression (p ≤ .01). Correlation between ARAP1 expression and outcome was further confirmed by IHC staining in the discovery cohort (χ2-test, p = .004) and in independent validation cohorts. The sensitivity of ARAP1 allowed identification of 64.7% of patients with early progression in the discovery population, with a specificity of 78.6% and a negative predictive value of 78.6%. Multivariate regression analysis identified ARAP1 as an independent prognostic factor.Conclusions: This hypothesis generating study suggests that low expression of ARAP1 is an independent prognostic biomarker of shorter RFS in older patients with HGSC receiving first-line platinum-based antineoplastic therapy, which could be used to identify patients who should receive more intensive treatment and closer surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambavy Nadaraja
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Doris Schledermann
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørn Herrstedt
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Yuen KCJ, Biller BMK, Radovick S, Carmichael JD, Jasim S, Pantalone KM, Hoffman AR. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS AND PATIENTS TRANSITIONING FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE. Endocr Pract 2019; 25:1191-1232. [PMID: 31760824 DOI: 10.4158/gl-2019-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The development of these guidelines is sponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Board of Directors and American College of Endocrinology (ACE) Board of Trustees and adheres with published AACE protocols for the standardized production of clinical practice guidelines (CPG). Methods: Recommendations are based on diligent reviews of clinical evidence with transparent incorporation of subjective factors, according to established AACE/ACE guidelines for guidelines protocols. Results: The Executive Summary of this 2019 updated guideline contains 58 numbered recommendations: 12 are Grade A (21%), 19 are Grade B (33%), 21 are Grade C (36%), and 6 are Grade D (10%). These detailed, evidence-based recommendations allow for nuance-based clinical decision-making that addresses multiple aspects of real-world care of patients. The evidence base presented in the subsequent Appendix provides relevant supporting information for the Executive Summary recommendations. This update contains 357 citations of which 51 (14%) are evidence level (EL) 1 (strong), 168 (47%) are EL 2 (intermediate), 61 (17%) are EL 3 (weak), and 77 (22%) are EL 4 (no clinical evidence). Conclusion: This CPG is a practical tool that practicing endocrinologists and regulatory bodies can refer to regarding the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of adults and patients transitioning from pediatric to adult-care services with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). It provides guidelines on assessment, screening, diagnostic testing, and treatment recommendations for a range of individuals with various causes of adult GHD. The recommendations emphasize the importance of considering testing patients with a reasonable level of clinical suspicion of GHD using appropriate growth hormone (GH) cut-points for various GH-stimulation tests to accurately diagnose adult GHD, and to exercise caution interpreting serum GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, as various GH and IGF-1 assays are used to support treatment decisions. The intention to treat often requires sound clinical judgment and careful assessment of the benefits and risks specific to each individual patient. Unapproved uses of GH, long-term safety, and the current status of long-acting GH preparations are also discussed in this document. LAY ABSTRACT This updated guideline provides evidence-based recommendations regarding the identification, screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment for a range of individuals with various causes of adult growth-hormone deficiency (GHD) and patients with childhood-onset GHD transitioning to adult care. The update summarizes the most current knowledge about the accuracy of available GH-stimulation tests, safety of recombinant human GH (rhGH) replacement, unapproved uses of rhGH related to sports and aging, and new developments such as long-acting GH preparations that use a variety of technologies to prolong GH action. Recommendations offer a framework for physicians to manage patients with GHD effectively during transition to adult care and adulthood. Establishing a correct diagnosis is essential before consideration of replacement therapy with rhGH. Since the diagnosis of GHD in adults can be challenging, GH-stimulation tests are recommended based on individual patient circumstances and use of appropriate GH cut-points. Available GH-stimulation tests are discussed regarding variability, accuracy, reproducibility, safety, and contraindications, among other factors. The regimen for starting and maintaining rhGH treatment now uses individualized dose adjustments, which has improved effectiveness and reduced reported side effects, dependent on age, gender, body mass index, and various other individual characteristics. With careful dosing of rhGH replacement, many features of adult GHD are reversible and side effects of therapy can be minimized. Scientific studies have consistently shown rhGH therapy to be beneficial for adults with GHD, including improvements in body composition and quality of life, and have demonstrated the safety of short- and long-term rhGH replacement. Abbreviations: AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ACE = American College of Endocrinology; AHSG = alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein; AO-GHD = adult-onset growth hormone deficiency; ARG = arginine; BEL = best evidence level; BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; CO-GHD = childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency; CPG = clinical practice guideline; CRP = C-reactive protein; DM = diabetes mellitus; DXA = dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; EL = evidence level; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; FD-GST = fixed-dose glucagon stimulation test; GeNeSIS = Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study; GH = growth hormone; GHD = growth hormone deficiency; GHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormone; GST = glucagon stimulation test; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HypoCCS = Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; IGFBP = insulin-like growth factor-binding protein; IGHD = isolated growth hormone deficiency; ITT = insulin tolerance test; KIMS = Kabi International Metabolic Surveillance; LAGH = long-acting growth hormone; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LIF = leukemia inhibitory factor; MPHD = multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; P-III-NP = procollagen type-III amino-terminal pro-peptide; PHD = pituitary hormone deficiencies; QoL = quality of life; rhGH = recombinant human growth hormone; ROC = receiver operating characteristic; RR = relative risk; SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage; SDS = standard deviation score; SIR = standardized incidence ratio; SN = secondary neoplasms; T3 = triiodothyronine; TBI = traumatic brain injury; VDBP = vitamin D-binding protein; WADA = World Anti-Doping Agency; WB-GST = weight-based glucagon stimulation test.
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Quintanilha LF, Souza LN, Sanches D, Demarco RS, Fukutani KF. The impact of cancer campaigns in Brazil: a Google Trends analysis. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:963. [PMID: 31645890 PMCID: PMC6786828 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that more than 600,000 new cases of cancer will be reported in Brazil during the 2018-2019 biennium, especially with regard to prostate, breast, lung and colorectal cancers. Due to the high prevalence, incidence and mortality rates of these diseases, cancer campaigns such as 'Pink October' and 'Blue November' were strongly promoted in the past decade throughout the country to raise awareness of breast and prostate cancer, respectively. Nevertheless, whether the implementation of these campaigns has been proven efficient is still unknown. In the present study, we analysed the effectiveness of these campaigns on eliciting population online interest for cancer information. The Google Trends database was evaluated for the relative Internet search popularity for the terms 'breast cancer' and 'prostate cancer' from 2014 to 2019. Aside from some regional differences, we found that there was a high demand for 'breast cancer' and, to a lesser extent, 'prostate cancer' searches in a seasonal fashion (during October and November, respectively). Despite the worldwide high incidence of lung and colorectal cancers, searches including these keywords did not show increases in any specific period of the year, demonstrating the efficiency of the 'Pink October' and 'Blue November' campaigns in engaging the interest of the Brazilian population on the subject. These results allow us to infer that campaigns are effective in mobilising the attention of the Brazilian population with regard to breast and prostate cancers, but the practical aspects in reducing incidence and mortality should still be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Quintanilha
- Universidade Salvador, Laureate Universities, Salvador 41770-235, Brazil
- Centro Universitário FTC, Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador 41741-590, Brazil
| | - Laumar Neves Souza
- Universidade Salvador, Laureate Universities, Salvador 41770-235, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sanches
- Division of Arts and Sciences, South Florida State College, Avon Park, FL 33825, USA
| | | | - Kiyoshi Ferreira Fukutani
- Centro Universitário FTC, Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador 41741-590, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil
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Di YZ, Han BS, Di JM, Liu WY, Tang Q. Role of the brain-gut axis in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1554-1570. [PMID: 31367615 PMCID: PMC6658366 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i13.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a new paradigm in neuroscience, which describes the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. This axis may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GI cancers. Mechanistically, the bidirectional signal transmission of the brain-gut-axis is complex and remains to be elucidated. In this article, we review the current findings concerning the relationship between the brain-gut axis and GI cancer cells, focusing on the significant role of the brain-gut axis in the processes of tumor proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. It appears that the brain might modulate GI cancer by two pathways: the anatomical nerve pathway and the neuroendocrine route. The simulation and inactivation of the central nervous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems, or changes in the innervation of the GI tract might contribute to a higher incidence of GI cancers. In addition, neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors can produce stimulatory or inhibitory effects in the progression of GI cancers. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zi Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo-Sheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Mao Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
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15
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Some Systemic Effects of Deuterium Depleted Water on Presenile Female Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.83494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Manskikh VN, Averina OA, Nikiforova AI. Spontaneous and Experimentally Induced Pathologies in the Naked Mole Rat (Heterocephalus glaber). BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 82:1504-1512. [PMID: 29486700 PMCID: PMC7088389 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917120094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber, Rüppell, 1842) is a unique eusocial rodent with unusually long lifespan. Therefore, the study of spontaneous and experimentally induced pathologies in these animals is one of the most important tasks of gerontology. Various infections, noninfectious pathologies (including age-dependent changes), and tumors have been described in the naked mole rat. The most frequent pathologies are traumas (bite wounds), purulent and septic complications of traumatic injuries, renal tubular calcinosis, chronic progressive nephropathy, hepatic hemosiderosis, testicular interstitial cell hyperplasia, calcinosis cutis, cardiomyopathy, and dysbiosis-related infectious lesions of the digestive system. However, the summarized data on pathology (including tumor incidence) and on the causes of mortality are insufficient. There are only few publications about the results of experiments where pathologies were induced in the naked mole rat. All these problems could be subjects for promising future studies without which adequate studies on mechanisms providing the long lifespan of the naked mole rat are impossible, as well as the elucidation of causes of tumor resistance of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Manskikh
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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17
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Gresham G, Dy SM, Zipunnikov V, Browner IS, Studenski SA, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Schrack JA. Fatigability and endurance performance in cancer survivors: Analyses from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Cancer 2018; 124:1279-1287. [PMID: 29419879 PMCID: PMC5892191 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is prevalent and distressing among cancer survivors, but its subjective nature makes it difficult to identify. Fatigability, defined as task-specific fatigue, and endurance performance may be useful supplemental measures of functional status in cancer survivors. METHODS Fatigability, endurance performance, and cancer history were assessed every 2 years in Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants between 2007 and 2015. Fatigability was defined according to the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale after a 5-minute, slow treadmill walk; and endurance performance was calculated according to the ability and time to complete a fast-paced, 400-meter walk. The association between cancer history, fatigability, and endurance performance was evaluated using longitudinal analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities. RESULTS Of 1665 participants, 334 (20%) reported a history of cancer. A combination of older age (>65 years) and a history of cancer was associated with 3.8 and 8.6 greater odds of high perceived fatigability and poor endurance, respectively (P < .01). Older adults with and without a history of cancer walked 42 and 23 seconds slower than younger adults without a history of cancer, respectively (P < .01). The median times to the development of high fatigability and poor endurance were shorter among those who had a history of cancer compared with those who had no history of cancer (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that a history of cancer is associated with fatigability and poor endurance and that this effect is significantly greater in older adults. Evaluating the effects of cancer and age on fatigability may illuminate potential pathways and targets for future interventions. Cancer 2018;124:1279-87. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Gresham
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sydney M. Dy
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Primary Care for Cancer Survivors Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ilene S. Browner
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Wehmas LC, DeAngelo AB, Hester SD, Chorley BN, Carswell G, Olson GR, George MH, Carter JH, Eldridge SR, Fisher A, Vallanat B, Wood CE. Metabolic Disruption Early in Life is Associated With Latent Carcinogenic Activity of Dichloroacetic Acid in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:354-365. [PMID: 28962523 PMCID: PMC6223632 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life environmental factors can influence later-life susceptibility to cancer. Recent evidence suggests that metabolic pathways may mediate this type of latency effect. Previously, we reported that short-term exposure to dichloroacetic acid (DCA) increased liver cancer in mice 84 weeks after exposure was stopped. Here, we evaluated time course dynamics for key events related to this effect. This study followed a stop-exposure design in which 28-day-old male B6C3F1 mice were given the following treatments in drinking water for up to 93 weeks: deionized water (dH2O, control); 3.5 g/l DCA continuously; or 3.5 g/l DCA for 4-52 weeks followed by dH2O. Effects were evaluated at eight interim time points. A short-term biomarker study was used to evaluate DCA effects at 6, 15, and 30 days. Liver tumor incidence was higher in all DCA treatment groups, including carcinomas in 82% of mice previously treated with DCA for only 4 weeks. Direct effects of DCA in the short-term study included decreased liver cell proliferation and marked mRNA changes related to mitochondrial dysfunction and altered cell metabolism. However, all observed short-term effects of DCA were ultimately reversible, and prior DCA treatment did not affect liver cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, or DNA sequence variants with age. Key intermediate events resulting from transient DCA exposure do not fit classical cytotoxic, mitogenic, or genotoxic modes of action for carcinogenesis, suggesting a distinct mechanism associated with early-life metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Wehmas
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Anthony B. DeAngelo
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Susan D. Hester
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Brian N. Chorley
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Gleta Carswell
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Greg R. Olson
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AK,
USA
| | - Michael H. George
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | | | | | - Anna Fisher
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Beena Vallanat
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Charles E. Wood
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
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19
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Abraham KJ, Ostrowski LA, Mekhail K. Non-Coding RNA Molecules Connect Calorie Restriction and Lifespan. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3196-3214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Sturm C, Wagner AE. Brassica-Derived Plant Bioactives as Modulators of Chemopreventive and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1890. [PMID: 28862664 PMCID: PMC5618539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family has been related to a lower incidence of chronic diseases including different kinds of cancer. These beneficial effects of, e.g., broccoli, cabbage or rocket (arugula) intake have been mainly dedicated to the sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GLSs)-secondary plant compounds nearly exclusively present in Brassicaceae-and in particular to their bioactive breakdown products including isothiocyanates (ITCs). Overall, the current literature indicate that selected Brassica-derived ITCs exhibit health-promoting effects in vitro, as well as in laboratory mice in vivo. Some studies suggest anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for ITCs which may be communicated through an activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that controls the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes. Furthermore, it has been shown that ITCs are able to significantly ameliorate a severe inflammatory phenotype in colitic mice in vivo. As there are studies available suggesting an epigenetic mode of action for Brassica-derived phytochemicals, the conduction of further studies would be recommendable to investigate if the beneficial effects of these compounds also persist during an irregular consumption pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sturm
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Wu SG, Chang YL, Yu CJ, Yang PC, Shih JY. Lung adenocarcinoma patients of young age have lower EGFR mutation rate and poorer efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00092-2016. [PMID: 28717642 PMCID: PMC5507146 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00092-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients aged ≤50 years are rarely diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to understand the mutation status of EGFR and the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in young Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We collected tumour specimens and malignant pleural effusions from lung adenocarcinoma patients from June 2005 to April 2014, recorded their clinical demographic data, and analysed EGFR mutations by reverse transcriptase PCR. EGFR mutation data were collected from 1039 lung adenocarcinoma patients, including 161 patients aged ≤50 years and 878 patients aged >50 years. Fewer patients aged ≤50 years had EGFR mutations than older patients (p=0.043), but they showed a higher rate of uncommon EGFR mutations (p=0.035). A total of 524 patients with EGFR mutations received EGFR-TKI treatment, including 81 patients aged ≤50 years. Younger patients had a lower response rate than older patients (p=0.038) and had the shortest progression-free survival compared with other predefined age categories (p=0.033). Multivariate analysis of overall survival revealed age ≤50 years as a poor prognostic factor. In conclusion, fewer Asian patients aged ≤50 years had EGFR mutations, but the EGFR mutation types were more uncommon. Age ≤50 years is associated with poorer efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment. Association between age and EGFR mutationshttp://ow.ly/jV4n30bRBUX
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Gin Wu
- Dept of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Leong Chang
- Dept of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Dept of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Dept of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Dept of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Sex-specific incidence of EGFR mutation and its association with age and obesity in lung adenocarcinomas: a retrospective analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2283-2290. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Andriyanov AV, Portnoy E, Koren E, Inesa S, Eyal S, Goldberg SN, Barenholz Y. Therapeutic efficacy of combined PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and radiofrequency ablation: Comparing single and combined therapy in young and old mice. J Control Release 2017; 257:2-9. [PMID: 28215670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor therapy in the elderly is particularly challenging due to multiple, often chronic diseases, poly-therapy, and age-related physiological changes that affect drug efficacy and safety. Furthermore, tumors may become more aggressive and drug-resistant with advanced age, leading to poor patient prognosis. In this study, we evaluated in mice bearing medulloblastoma xenografts the effect of age on tumor progression and tumor therapy. We focused on therapeutic efficacy of two treatment modalities alone radiofrequency ablation therapy (RFA), PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) equivalent to Doxil, and their combination. We demonstrated that tumor growth rate was higher and survival was lower in old versus young mice (p<0.05). Likewise, tumors in old mice were less susceptible to either PLD or RFA monotherapy. However, combined therapy of PLD and RFA succeeded to eliminate the age-related differences in anti-cancer treatment efficacy (p>0.05) by the two monotherapies. The results on PLD therapy are supported by preferable PEGylated nano-liposomes accumulation in tumors of young mice compared to old mice, as determined by near-infrared imaging with indocyanine green (ICG)-labeled PEGylated nano-liposomes. Taken together, our findings suggest that age effects on tumor progression and tumor monotherapy outcome may potentially be related to changes in tumor microenvironment, and that these changes can be overcome by RFA as this technique abolishes these differences and significantly improves success of PLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Andriyanov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University -Hadassah Medical School, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Emma Portnoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University -Hadassah Medical School, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Erez Koren
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University -Hadassah Medical School, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Semenenko Inesa
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Eyal
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- Radiology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University -Hadassah Medical School, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Liu H, Guo M, Xue T, Guan J, Luo L, Zhuang Z. Screening lifespan-extending drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans via label propagation on drug-protein networks. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:131. [PMID: 28155715 PMCID: PMC5260106 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background One of the most challenging tasks in the exploration of anti-aging is to discover drugs that can promote longevity and delay the incidence of age-associated diseases of human. Up to date, a number of drugs, including some antioxidants, metabolites and synthetic compounds, have been found to effectively delay the aging of nematodes and insects. Results We proposed a label propagation algorithm on drug-protein network to infer drugs that can extend the lifespan of C. elegans. We collected a set of drugs of which functions on lifespan extension of C. elegans have been reliably determined, and then built a large-scale drug-protein network by collecting a set of high-confidence drugprotein interactions. A label propagation algorithm was run on the drug-protein bipartite network to predict new drugs with lifespan-extending effect on C. elegans. We calibrated the performance of the proposed method by conducting performance comparison with two classical models, kNN and SVM. We also showed that the screened drugs significantly mediate in the aging-related pathways, and have higher chemical similarities to the effective drugs than ineffective drugs in promoting longevity of C. elegans. Moreover, we carried out wet-lab experiments to verify a screened drugs, 2- Bromo-4’-nitroacetophenone, and found that it can effectively extend the lifespan of C. elegans. These results showed that our method is effective in screening lifespanextending drugs in C. elegans. Conclusions In this paper, we proposed a semi-supervised algorithm to predict drugs with lifespan-extending effects on C. elegans. In silico empirical evaluations and in vivo experiments in C. elegans have demonstrated that our method can effectively narrow down the scope of candidate drugs needed to be verified by wet lab experiments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-016-0362-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China.,Changzhou NO. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213011, China
| | | | - Ting Xue
- Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jihong Guan
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Libo Luo
- Changzhou NO. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213011, China. @fudan.edu.cn
| | - Ziheng Zhuang
- Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China. .,Changzhou NO. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213011, China.
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Liu H, Song Y, Guan J, Luo L, Zhuang Z. Inferring new indications for approved drugs via random walk on drug-disease heterogenous networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:539. [PMID: 28155639 PMCID: PMC5259862 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since traditional drug research and development is often time-consuming and high-risk, there is an increasing interest in establishing new medical indications for approved drugs, referred to as drug repositioning, which provides a relatively low-cost and high-efficiency approach for drug discovery. With the explosive growth of large-scale biochemical and phenotypic data, drug repositioning holds great potential for precision medicine in the post-genomic era. It is urgent to develop rational and systematic approaches to predict new indications for approved drugs on a large scale. Results In this paper, we propose the two-pass random walks with restart on a heterogenous network, TP-NRWRH for short, to predict new indications for approved drugs. Rather than random walk on bipartite network, we integrated the drug-drug similarity network, disease-disease similarity network and known drug-disease association network into one heterogenous network, on which the two-pass random walks with restart is implemented. We have conducted performance evaluation on two datasets of drug-disease associations, and the results show that our method has higher performance than six existing methods. A case study on the Alzheimer’s disease showed that nine of top 10 predicted drugs have been approved or investigational for neurodegenerative diseases. The experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in predicting new indications for approved drugs. Conclusions We proposed a two-pass random walk with restart on the drug-disease heterogeneous network, referred to as TP-NRWRH, to predict new indications for approved drugs. Performance evaluation on two independent datasets showed that TP-NRWRH achieved higher performance than six existing methods on 10-fold cross validations. The case study on the Alzheimer’s disease showed that nine of top 10 predicted drugs have been approved or are investigational for neurodegenerative diseases. The results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in predicting new indications for approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Changzhou NO. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213011, China.,Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Yinglong Song
- Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jihong Guan
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Libo Luo
- Changzhou NO. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213011, China.
| | - Ziheng Zhuang
- Changzhou NO. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213011, China. .,Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
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Yuen KCJ, Heaney AP, Popovic V. Considering GH replacement for GH-deficient adults with a previous history of cancer: a conundrum for the clinician. Endocrine 2016; 52:194-205. [PMID: 26732039 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that GH and IGF-I may enhance tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation in humans and animals. Evidence supporting this notion is derived from animal model studies, epidemiological studies, experience from patients with acromegaly, molecular therapeutic manipulation of GH and IGF-I actions, and individuals with GH receptor and congenital IGF-I deficiencies. Prior exposure to radiation therapy, aging, family history of cancer, and individual susceptibility may also contribute to increase this risk. Therefore, the use of GH replacement in patients with a history of cancer raises hypothetical safety concerns for patients, caregivers, and providers. Studies of GH therapy in GH-deficient adults with hypopituitarism and childhood cancer survivors have not convincingly demonstrated an increased cancer risk. Conversely, the risk of occurrence of a second neoplasm (SN) in childhood cancer survivors may be increased, with meningiomas being the most common tumor; however, this risk appears to decline over time. In light of these findings, if GH replacement is to be considered in patients with a previous history of cancer, we propose this consideration to be based on each individual circumstance and that such therapy should only be initiated at least 2 years after cancer remission is achieved with the understanding that in some patients (particularly those with childhood cancers), GH may potentially increase the risk of SNs. In addition, close surveillance should be undertaken working closely with the patient's oncologist. More long-term data are thus needed to determine if GH replacement in GH-deficient adults with a history of cancer is associated with the development of de novo tumors and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C J Yuen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Swedish Pituitary Center, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.
| | - Anthony P Heaney
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Vera Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Strizhitskaya O. Aging in Russia. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2016; 56:795-9. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Risk of cancer in patients with cholecystitis: a nationwide population-based study. Am J Med 2015; 128:185-91. [PMID: 25447627 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of cancer in patients diagnosed with cholecystitis and possible interactions between cholecystitis and cholecystectomy. METHODS A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted among patients diagnosed with cholecystitis that were registered in the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare the incidence of cancer in these patients to that of the general population. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were also calculated to investigate whether cholecystitis increased the risk for specific cancers. RESULTS During a median observation period of 5.4 years, 1541 cancers occurred in 20,431 patients with cholecystitis, yielding a SIR of 1.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88-2.07). A significantly greater risk of biliary tract cancer (adjusted HR 1.72; 95% CI, 1.08-2.75) was observed after adjusting for potential risk factors. In contrast, cholecystectomy was found to attenuate the cancer risk, with the reduction of adjusted HR from 2.34 (95% CI, 1.62-3.37) to 1.28 (95% CI, 0.76-2.14). CONCLUSION Cholecystitis is an independent risk factor to extrahepatic biliary tract cancers, whereas cholecystectomy can attenuate the cancer risk of cholecystitis.
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Zhang F, Mijiti M, Ding W, Song J, Yin Y, Sun W, Li Z. (+)‑Terrein inhibits human hepatoma Bel‑7402 proliferation through cell cycle arrest. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1191-200. [PMID: 25592371 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma is a common malignant tumor. Thus, the development of a high‑efficacy therapeutic drug for hepatoma is required. In this study, (+)‑terrein isolated from the marine sponge‑derived Aspergillus terreus PF‑26 against cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. mRNA array containing 73 cell cycle‑related genes and three cell morphology‑related genes was generated and its performance evaluated. The cell cycle pathway map was created using the pathview package. The results showed that (+)‑terrein inhibited the growth of Bel‑7402 cells with alterations in cell morphology and a reduced transcript expression of cell morphology genes (fibronectin, N‑cadherin, and vimentin). In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that (+)‑terrein arrested the Bel‑7402 cell cycle without inducing apoptosis. Based on multiple mRNA analysis, the downregulated expression of the CCND2, CCNE2, CDKN1C, CDKN2B, ANAPC, PKMYT1, CHEK2 and PCNA genes was observed in 10 µM (+)‑terrein‑treated Bel‑7402 cells (>2‑fold and P≤0.05), compared with the controls. Thus, the antiprolife-rative mechanism of (+)‑terrein against Bel‑7402 cells may be due to the cell cycle arrest by blocking cell cycle gene expression and changing cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Meiheriguli Mijiti
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Song
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Rammos C, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Deenen R, Pohl J, Stock P, Hinzmann C, Kelm M, Rassaf T. Age-related vascular gene expression profiling in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 135:15-23. [PMID: 24447783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing age involves a number of detrimental changes in the cardiovascular system and particularly on the large arteries. It deteriorates vascular integrity and leads to increased vascular stiffness entailing hypertension with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The consequences of continuous oxidative stress and damages to biomolecules include altered gene expression, genomic instability, mutations, loss of cell division and cellular responses to increased stress. Many studies have been performed in aged C57BL/6 mice; however, analyses of the age-related changes that occur at a gene expression level and transcriptional profile in vascular tissue have not been elucidated in depth. To determine the changes of the vascular transcriptome, we conducted gene expression microarray experiments on aortas of adult and old mice, in which age-related vascular dysfunction was confirmed by increased stiffness and associated systolic hypertension. Our results highlight differentially expressed genes overrepresented in Gene Ontology categories. Molecular interaction and reaction pathways involved in vascular functions and disease, within the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway, the renin-angiotensin system and the detoxification systems are displayed. Our results provide insight to an altered gene expression profile related to age, thus offering useful clues to counteract or prevent vascular aging and its detrimental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Rammos
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Rene Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Julia Pohl
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Pia Stock
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Hinzmann
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Malte Kelm
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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SIRT6: a promising target for cancer prevention and therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 818:181-96. [PMID: 25001537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many of the pathologies associated with the aging process also contribute to tumor initiation, growth or metastasis. Insights from biogerontology may be instrumental for developing new therapies for cancer. This chapter highlights the rationale for combining biogerontology and cancer research to generate new strategies for cancer treatment. In particular, this chapter focuses on one gene, SIRT6, which has emerged as an important regulator of longevity in mammals and appears to have multiple biochemical functions, which antagonize tumor development and may be useful in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Gaur S, Agnihotri R. Green tea: A novel functional food for the oral health of older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14:238-50. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University; Manipal India
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HCC-ART score, a simple, highly sensitive and specific test for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale, multicentre study. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1657-65. [PMID: 23982602 PMCID: PMC3776991 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A simple scoring system is needed to discriminate HCC from patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD). The simplest score would be one that requires only variables that can be documented simply from routine laboratory tests without the need for sophisticated tests. Methods: Data from the estimation group (1351 patients) and the validation group (2208 patients) were retrospectively analysed. Liver fibrosis-negative control and liver cirrhosis were compared with HCC. Area under ROC curve (AUC) were used to develop HCC-α-fetoprotein-routine test (HCC-ART). Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma-AFP-routine test showed diagnostic accuracy for liver cirrhosis vs HCC with ROC curves of 0.99%, sensitivity of 97%, and specificity of 96% in the estimation, and 0.95%, 90%, and 83%, respectively, in the validation. Sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%) were obtained to discriminate HCC from liver fibrosis. Area under curve for AFP at 400 U l−1 was 0.70, sensitivity was 41%, and specificity was 99% in the estimation, and 0.77%, 54%, and 99%, respectively, in the validation. The AUC for HCC-ART in HCC with single tumour, absent vascular invasion, size <2 cm and CLIP score (0–1) were 0.95, 0.93, 0.86, 0.87, respectively, compared with 0.72, 0.71, 0.71, 0.50, respectively, for AFP. Conclusion: Hepatocellular carcinoma-AFP-routine test could increase the accuracy of HCC screening and surveillances and could be used worldwide without extra efforts.
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Very small embryonic-like stem cells: implications in reproductive biology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:682326. [PMID: 23509758 PMCID: PMC3586435 DOI: 10.1155/2013/682326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The most primitive germ cells in adult mammalian testis are the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) whereas primordial follicles (PFs) are considered the fundamental functional unit in ovary. However, this central dogma has recently been modified with the identification of a novel population of very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in the adult mammalian gonads. These stem cells are more primitive to SSCs and are also implicated during postnatal ovarian neo-oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly. VSELs are pluripotent in nature and characterized by nuclear Oct-4A, cell surface SSEA-4, and other pluripotent markers like Nanog, Sox2, and TERT. VSELs are considered to be the descendants of epiblast stem cells and possibly the primordial germ cells that persist into adulthood and undergo asymmetric cell division to replenish the gonadal germ cells throughout life. Elucidation of their role during infertility, endometrial repair, superovulation, and pathogenesis of various reproductive diseases like PCOS, endometriosis, cancer, and so on needs to be addressed. Hence, a detailed review of current understanding of VSEL biology is pertinent, which will hopefully open up new avenues for research to better understand various reproductive processes and cancers. It will also be relevant for future regenerative medicine, translational research, and clinical applications in human reproduction.
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Kao WY, Hwang CY, Su CW, Chang YT, Luo JC, Hou MC, Lin HC, Lee FY, Wu JC. Risk of hepato-biliary cancer after cholecystectomy: a nationwide cohort study. J Gastrointest Surg 2013. [PMID: 23188223 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-012-2090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have identified cholecystectomy as a possible risk factor for cancers in Western countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of hepato-biliary cancer after cholecystectomy in Taiwan. METHODS Based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 2,590 cholecystectomized patients without prior cancers in the period 1996-2008 were identified from a cohort dataset of 1,000,000 randomly sampled individuals. The standard incidence ratio (SIR) of each cancer was calculated. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 4.82 years, 67 liver cancer and 17 biliary tract cancer patients were diagnosed. Patients who received cholecystectomy had higher risks of liver cancer (SIR, 3.29) and biliary tract cancer (SIR, 8.50). Cholecystectomized patients aged ≤60 years had higher risks of liver cancer (SIR, 11.14) and biliary tract cancer (SIR, 55.86) compared to those aged >60 years (SIR, 2.31 and 5.67). Female cholecystectomized patients had higher risks of liver cancer (SIR, 4.18) and biliary tract cancer (SIR, 10.56) than males (SIR, 2.96 and 7.26). Cholecystectomized patients with cirrhosis had higher SIR of liver cancer than patients without cirrhosis (SIR, 33.84 vs. 1.41). CONCLUSIONS Cholecystectomy may be associated with an increased risk of hepato-biliary cancer. Further and regular surveillance should be performed on such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
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Balasubramanian P, Longo VD. Aging, nutrient signaling, hematopoietic senescence, and cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2013; 18:559-71. [PMID: 24579735 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2013010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the aged population. Recent studies suggest that oncogenic pathways, such as the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), Ras, and Akt/PKB, can contribute to both aging and cancer not only by promoting growth and preventing apoptosis, but also by promoting DNA damage and genomic instability. Epidemiological studies suggest that the chronic, low-grade inflammation that accompanies aging also contributes to tissue damage and tumor progression. Coupled with the accumulation of senescent cells and declining immune function, this leads to the generation and survival of cancer cells, possibly explaining why advanced age is the primary risk factor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089-0191, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Andrus Gerontology Center, the Molecular and Computational Biology Department, and the Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089-0191, USA
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Vásquez-Garzón VR, Macias-Pérez JR, Jiménez-García MN, Villegas V, Fattel-Fazenta S, Villa-Treviño S. The chemopreventive capacity of quercetin to induce programmed cell death in hepatocarcinogenesis. Toxicol Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23197198 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312467522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study of chemoprevention in the rat modified resistant hepatocyte model, preneoplastic cells were diminished by >60% with quercetin pretreatment compared with those rats treated with N-Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce liver cancer. This decrease occurred associated with an abolished DEN-induced lipid peroxidation as well as activation of caspase 9 and increased caspase 3, as determined by increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 and 9, but not cleaved caspase 8 and increased fragmentation of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inducing apoptosis of presumed genetically injured cells, when quercetin was administered before the initiation agent.
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Biomarkers of Aging and Radiation Therapy Tailored to the Elderly: Future of the Field. Semin Radiat Oncol 2012; 22:334-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kao WY, Hwang CY, Chang YT, Su CW, Hou MC, Lin HC, Lee FY, Lee SD, Wu JC. Cancer risk in patients with pyogenic liver abscess: a nationwide cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:467-76. [PMID: 22779737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been no large-scale population-based study on the relationship between pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) and subsequent cancer risk. AIM To estimate all cancer risk following a diagnosis of PLA. METHODS Based on Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 1257 patients with PLA without prior cancers in the period 1996-2008 were identified and followed-up. The standard incidence ratio (SIR) of each cancer was calculated as the number of observed cancer cases arising among the PLA patients divided by the expected case number of cancer cases according to the national cancer rates. RESULTS Of the 1257 PLA patients identified, 598 (47.6%) had diabetes mellitus. After a median (±s.d.) follow-up of 3.33 ± 3.45 years, 186 were diagnosed with cancers, including 56 liver cancer, 22 biliary tract cancer and 40 colorectal cancer patients. Patients with PLA had a higher risk of all cancers (SIR, 3.83; 95% CI, 3.30-4.42), liver cancer (SIR, 7.87; 95% CI, 5.94-10.21), biliary tract cancer (SIR, 34.58; 95% CI, 21.67-52.36) and colorectal cancer (SIR, 5.27; 95% CI, 3.76-7.18). The highest SIRs of all cancers, liver cancer, biliary tract cancer and colorectal cancer occurred within 90 days of follow-up (360.82; 95% CI, 278.46-459.91, 257.28; 95% CI, 186.17-346.56, 1153.38; 95% CI 694.08-1801.24, and 52.63; 95% CI 25.2-96.8 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Pyogenic liver abscesses may herald the onset of cancer, especially hepato-biliary and colon cancer. Further surveys should be conducted for the detection of occult cancers in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pavlidis N, Stanta G, Audisio RA. Cancer prevalence and mortality in centenarians: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 83:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Elia A, Carbone M, Arduino P, Broccoletti R. Carcinoma squamoso orale: caso clinico di una paziente non sottoposta a terapia con follow-up di 32 mesi. DENTAL CADMOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Elderly patients constitute the largest group in oncologic medical practice, despite the fact that in solid cancers treated operatively, many patients are denied standard therapies and where such decision making is based solely on age. The “natural” assumptions that we have are often misleading; namely, that the elderly cannot tolerate complex or difficult procedures, chemotherapy, or radiation schedules; that their overall predictable medical health determines survival (and not the malignancy); or that older patients typically have less aggressive tumors. Clearly, patient selection and a comprehensive geriatric assessment is key where well-selected cases have the same cancer-specific survival as younger cohorts in a range of tumors as outlined including upper and lower gastrointestinal malignancy, head and neck cancer, and breast cancer. The assessment of patient fitness for surgery and adjuvant therapies is therefore critical to outcomes, where studies have clearly shown that fit older patients experience the same benefits and toxicities of chemotherapy as do younger patients and that when normalized for preexisting medical conditions,that older patients tolerate major operative procedures designed with curative oncological intent. At present, our problem is the lack of true evidence-based medicine specifically designed with age in mind, which effectively limits surgical decision making in disease-based strategies. This can only be achieved by the utilization of more standardized, comprehensive geriatric assessments to identify vulnerable older patients, aggressive pre-habilitation with amelioration of vulnerability causation, improvement of patient-centered longitudinal outcomes, and an improved surgical and medical understanding of relatively subtle decreases in organ functioning, social support mechanisms and impairments of health-related quality of life as a feature specifically of advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Zbar
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel 52621.
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Reference intervals for serum alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in Chinese Han ethnic males from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey. Int J Biol Markers 2011; 26:65-71. [PMID: 21337313 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We calculated upper 95% reference limits for serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) according to the CLSI/NCCLS C28-A3 guideline. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples from 1400 healthy male subjects were collected from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES). Serum AFP and CEA values were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on COBAS 6000 system E601 (Elecsys module) immunoassay analyzers. RESULTS Serum AFP and CEA values were not normally distributed but log normally distributed. The upper 95% reference limits of the reference intervals were ≤ 4.76 IU/mL (nonparametric) or ≤ 4.56 IU/mL (parametric) for AFP and ≤ 5.57 ng/mL (nonparametric) or ≤ 5.82 ng/mL (parametric) for CEA. The distribution of AFP levels was found to be consistent between the non-smoking and smoking (p=0.740) and non-drinking and drinking groups (p=0.698). The distribution of serum CEA levels was significantly higher in the smoking than the non-smoking group (p<10⁵), whereas there was no significant difference in this respect between the non-drinking and drinking groups (p=0.147). A significant increase with age was found both for serum AFP and CEA levels, and the age-dependent reference intervals were calculated. CONCLUSIONS The reference intervals for serum AFP and CEA show a slight deviation compared to previously reported reference levels. Distinct reference intervals of serum CEA must be established for smoking and non-smoking populations. In addition, age-dependent reference intervals should be implemented in clinical laboratories.
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Kumada T, Toyoda H, Kiriyama S, Tanikawa M, Hisanaga Y, Kanamori A, Tada T, Tanaka J, Yoshizawa H. Predictive value of tumor markers for hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with hepatitis C virus. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:536-44. [PMID: 21132575 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in tumor markers are sometimes seen in patients with chronic liver disease without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the levels of three tumor markers [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3%), and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP)] and hepatic carcinogenesis to identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers at high risk for cancer development. METHODS A total of 623 consecutive HCV carriers with follow-up periods of >3 years were included. The average integration values were calculated from biochemical tests, and tumor markers, including AFP, AFP-L3%, and DCP, and factors associated with the cumulative incidence of HCC were analyzed. RESULTS HCC developed in 120 (19.3%) of the 623 patients. Age >65 years [adjusted relative risk, 2.303 (95% confidence interval, 1.551-3.418), P < 0.001], low platelet count [3.086 (1.997-4.768), P < 0.001], high aspartate aminotransferase value [3.001 (1.373-6.562), P < 0.001], high AFP level [≥10, <20 ng/mL: 2.814 (1.686-4.697), P < 0.001; ≥20 ng/mL: 3.405 (2.087-5.557), P < 0.001] compared to <10 ng/mL, and high AFP-L3% level [≥5, <10%: 2.494 (1.291-4.816), P = 0.007; ≥10%: 3.555 (1.609-7.858), P < 0.001] compared to <5% were significantly associated with an increased incidence of HCC on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Increased AFP or AFP-L3% levels were significantly associated with an increased incidence of HCC. Among HCV carriers, patients with ≥10 ng/mL AFP or patients with ≥5% AFP-L3% are at very high risk for the development of HCC even if AFP is less than 20 ng/mL or AFP-L3% is less than 10%, which are the most commonly reported cutoff values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86, Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu 503-8052, Japan.
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Berstein LM. Interrelations between cancer of hormone-dependent tissues and other major noncommunicable diseases: The age-specific aspect. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057011020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chloral hydrate decreases gap junction communication in rat liver epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2011; 27:207-16. [PMID: 21243523 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-011-9182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Mikhailova ON. Biogerontology in Russia: from past to future. Biogerontology 2010; 12:47-60. [PMID: 21053075 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents major steps of gerontology development in Russia. The issues of training in gerontology and geriatrics, institutional infrastructure within the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its activities have been considered therein. Some results of Russian researchers obtained during 2005-2010 have been summarized as well. Special attention is given to the prospects of gerontology in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Shuryak I, Sachs RK, Brenner DJ. Cancer risks after radiation exposure in middle age. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1628-36. [PMID: 20975037 PMCID: PMC2970575 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data show that radiation exposure during childhood is associated with larger cancer risks compared with exposure at older ages. For exposures in adulthood, however, the relative risks of radiation-induced cancer in Japanese atomic bomb survivors generally do not decrease monotonically with increasing age of adult exposure. These observations are inconsistent with most standard models of radiation-induced cancer, which predict that relative risks decrease monotonically with increasing age at exposure, at all ages. METHODS We analyzed observed cancer risk patterns as a function of age at exposure in Japanese atomic bomb survivors by using a biologically based quantitative model of radiation carcinogenesis that incorporates both radiation induction of premalignant cells (initiation) and radiation-induced promotion of premalignant damage. This approach emphasizes the kinetics of radiation-induced initiation and promotion, and tracks the yields of premalignant cells before, during, shortly after, and long after radiation exposure. RESULTS Radiation risks after exposure in younger individuals are dominated by initiation processes, whereas radiation risks after exposure at later ages are more influenced by promotion of preexisting premalignant cells. Thus, the cancer site-dependent balance between initiation and promotion determines the dependence of cancer risk on age at radiation exposure. For example, in terms of radiation induction of premalignant cells, a quantitative measure of the relative contribution of initiation vs promotion is 10-fold larger for breast cancer than for lung cancer. Reflecting this difference, radiation-induced breast cancer risks decrease with age at exposure at all ages, whereas radiation-induced lung cancer risks do not. CONCLUSION For radiation exposure in middle age, most radiation-induced cancer risks do not, as often assumed, decrease with increasing age at exposure. This observation suggests that promotional processes in radiation carcinogenesis become increasingly important as the age at exposure increases. Radiation-induced cancer risks after exposure in middle age may be up to twice as high as previously estimated, which could have implications for occupational exposure and radiological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Smoking habits in elderly lung cancer patients: still no changes in epidemiology? A single-center experience. Clin Transl Oncol 2010; 12:686-91. [PMID: 20947483 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-010-0578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our goal was to describe the clinical, histological, and epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer diagnoses in people ≥70 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on patients diagnosed with lung cancer from January 2006 to February 2008 was prospectively collected from the outpatient oncology department at a regional hospital. A total of 83 patients (97.6% men; mean age 77 years) were studied. There was a higher ratio of men to women than that reported in younger populations. Mean age was higher than that reported for randomized studies: 65.1% were ≥75 years old. Patients >80 years constituted 28.9% of the study population. Most patients (96.4%) had a history of smoking; they were predominantly former smokers (72.5% vs. 27.5%). RESULTS The most common histological types were squamous cell (61.3%) and small cell (14.5%) carcinoma. Metastasis was present in 36.1% of patients. Stage was significantly associated with survival (logrank p < 0.001). There was no association between age and survival. Squamous cell lung cancer was associated with a better survival (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Elderly lung cancer patients who attended clinical practice were older than those included in prospective studies. The predominance of men and squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a smoking history. The epidemiological and histological patterns of younger patients have changed, possibly in relation to changes in smoking habits. The translation of these changes to elderly patients will be evidenced in the future. Only prospective epidemiologic studies will determine whether smoking habits are changing epidemiology in elderly lung cancer patients.
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