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Hawsawi T, Appleton J, Al-Adah R, Al-Mutairy A, Sinclair P, Wilson A. Mental health recovery in a collectivist society: Saudi consumers, carers and nurses' shared perspectives. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:1013-1025. [PMID: 38348548 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
In 2019, the World Health Organization urged a global shift towards recovery-focused practices in mental health care. In Western nations, this transition often prioritised individualism over collectivism. In contrast, collectivist societies prioritise recovery through community and social support. This study explored mental health recovery from the perspectives of consumers, carers and registered nurses in a mainly collectivist society (Saudi Arabia) using a qualitative exploratory descriptive design. Sixteen consumers, ten carers and eight registered nurses participated in online semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to analyse English-translated versions of the 34 interviews. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies 32-item checklist were used. The study found that recovery was perceived as a process of transforming towards living a meaningful life of goals and values supported by trusted people who share moments of comfort and empowerment. A unique finding was the 'bond of recovery' a collectivist value that aid consumers' community integration in society. Saudi consumers' experiences of recovery were similar to consumers' movement narratives of recovery. Future research should establish a recovery-focused educational program that incorporates our findings into a recovery-oriented approach. This will facilitate providing a collaborative care between consumers, carers and nurses that centres around consumers' recovery goals and values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Hawsawi
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Appleton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rawan Al-Adah
- Al-Amal Hospital, Jeddah Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Al-Mutairy
- Mental Health Hospital in Jeddah, Jeddah Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Sinclair
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
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Firdos S, Amanullah M, Mobarki AO. Labeled As Mentally Ill: Community Perspective Toward Mental Illness in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13:e20127. [PMID: 34984157 PMCID: PMC8720389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Communities hold different opinions toward mentally ill people and treat them negatively, irrespective of their behavior. Differences in beliefs can impact not only affected individuals but the entire network and opportunities. This study aimed to examine beliefs about mental illness among different populations of the Saudi community. Methodology This descriptive study was conducted among 840 participants from several groups (different family roles, professions, medical and non-medical students, educated and uneducated, etc.) aged 18-75 years in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Information regarding participants’ demographics and beliefs toward mental illness was collected through validated measures. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Data analysis showed that individuals over the age of 30 years believed that mental illness is socially dysfunctional, incurable, and a subject of embarrassment. Married couples also considered mental illness to be socially dysfunctional and a subject of embarrassment. Similarly, unemployed participants had more negative views of mental illness than working individuals and students. Furthermore, educators and other professionals believed that mental illness is more socially dysfunctional than healthcare providers. In addition, community groups with a history of mental illness stated that mental illness is incurable. In the family context, grandparents’ beliefs toward mental illness were more negative than other family members’ views. Conclusions This study highlights the diversity in beliefs about mental illness among different groups of Arab society. The influence of poor knowledge, religious beliefs, and subjective attitudes should be explored further, and anti-stigma interventions should be implemented to increase community awareness about mental illness.
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Tesfaye Y, Agenagnew L, Anand S, Tucho GT, Birhanu Z, Ahmed G, Getnet M, Yitbarek K. Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:106. [PMID: 34261532 PMCID: PMC8278586 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems has a remarkable impact on the attitude, the help-seeking path, and prevention of stigma and discrimination against patients with mental health problems. It is also the cornerstone for designing evidence-based community mental health interventions. However, the evidence is scarce in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding mental health problems and associated factors among communities of Jimma Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jimma zone from March 1 to 22, 2020. A structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 420 study participants selected through a systematic sampling technique. The knowledge about mental health was measured by the adapted version of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule tool. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done, and p-value < 0.05 and 95% CI were used to determine the predictors of the outcome variable. RESULTS The overall knowledge score showed (188, 44.8%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge. Moreover, (75, 17.9%) of the respondents reported psychiatric disorders are contagious, and (138, 32.9%) mentioned leaving alone is the treatment for mental illness. Talking or laughing alone and showing strange or unusual behaviors were described as symptoms of mental illness by the majority (407, 96.9%) and (403, 96.0%) of respondents, respectively. Brain dysfunction was attributed to the cause of mental illness by most (390, 92.9%) of the study participants. Similarly, the percentage of responses that attributed the causes of mental illness to possession by an evil spirit, God's punishment, and witchcraft were significantly high (368, 87.6%), (321, 76.4%) and (259, 67.1%), respectively. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that respondents who were able to read and write were 64% less likely to have adequate knowledge than those in secondary school and above educational status (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI (0.16-0.69)). CONCLUSION Knowledge of mental illness among the general public was relatively poor and higher levels of education were associated with good knowledge of mental health problems; this suggests the need for due emphasis on public education to improve the mental health literacy status of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Po Box 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | - Liyew Agenagnew
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Po Box 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Susan Anand
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Terefe Tucho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Birhanu
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Gutema Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Po Box 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Masrie Getnet
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Kiddus Yitbarek
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Elyamani R, Naja S, Al-Dahshan A, Hamoud H, Bougmiza MI, Alkubaisi N. Mental health literacy in Arab states of the Gulf Cooperation Council: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245156. [PMID: 33411793 PMCID: PMC7790272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health literacy (MHL) has been relatively neglected, despite the increase of mental health illnesses worldwide, as well as within the Middle East region. A low level of MHL may hinder public acceptance of evidence-based mental health care. Aim This systematic review aims to identify and appraise existing research, focusing on MHL among adults in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, and Medline) was carried out from database inception to July 2019, in order to identify peer-reviewed journal articles that investigated MHL in the GCC countries. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were: cross-sectional studies, reported in English, targeted adults (aged 18 and above), conducted in any of the GCC countries, include at least one outcome measure of the main components of MHL: knowledge of mental illnesses and their treatment, stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illnesses, and seeking help for self and offering help. Results A total of 27 studies (16,391 participants) were included. The outcome across studies varied due to disparity in the tested populations. Findings show that limited MHL was observed among participants, even health care professionals. Results also show a high cumulative level of stigma and negative attitude towards mental health illness in the public. Negative beliefs and inappropriate practices are common, as well. The majority of studies yielded a moderate to high risk of bias. Conclusion This work indicates that research on MHL must be tackled through well-designed large-scale studies of the public. Campaigns to promote early identification and treatment of mental illness is also encouraged to improve overall level of MHL in the general population of the GCC region. Registration number: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018104492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowaida Elyamani
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail: (RE); (AAD)
| | - Sarah Naja
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman Al-Dahshan
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail: (RE); (AAD)
| | - Hamed Hamoud
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Iheb Bougmiza
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Workforce Training, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noora Alkubaisi
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Workforce Training, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Tesfaye Y, Agenagnew L, Terefe Tucho G, Anand S, Birhanu Z, Ahmed G, Getenet M, Yitbarek K. Attitude and help-seeking behavior of the community towards mental health problems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242160. [PMID: 33180818 PMCID: PMC7660493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community attitude towards mental health problems and help-seeking behavior plays a major role in designing effective community based mental health interventions. This study aimed to assess the attitude, help-seeking behavior, and associated factors of the Jimma zone community towards mental health and mental health problems. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A respondent from each of the 423 systematically selected households was interviewed using a pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Accordingly, a community's attitude towards mental health problems was measured by the adapted version of the "Community Attitude towards Mentally Ill questionnaire (CAMI)" and help-seeking behavior was measured by a general help-seeking questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine the independent predictors of the outcome variable. RESULTS Among the total 420 study participants (197,46.9%) of them had an overall unfavorable attitude towards mental illness. The majority (153,36.4%) of the study participants agreed on avoidance of anyone who has mental health problems and (150,35.7%) participants described marrying a person with a mental health problem or recovered from the problem is foolishness. Moreover, regression analysis showed family monthly income (AOR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.06-0.91) and occupational status (AOR = 0.57, 95%CI:0.34-0.96) were found to be the predictors of community attitude towards mental health problems. The study finding also revealed a significant number of the respondents preferred non- medical treatment approaches. CONCLUSION Almost half of the respondents had an unfavorable attitude towards mental health problems and the traditional and religious help-seeking intention was high. This suggests the need for designing effective community based mental health interventions to improve the general public attitude and help-seeking behavior towards mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Liyew Agenagnew
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Terefe Tucho
- Department of Environmental health sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Susan Anand
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Birhanu
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Gutema Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Masrie Getenet
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Kiddus Yitbarek
- Department of health policy and management, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Puspitasari IM, Garnisa IT, Sinuraya RK, Witriani W. Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitude Toward Mental Health Disorders and Their Treatment Among Students in an Indonesian University. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:845-854. [PMID: 33149708 PMCID: PMC7602896 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s274337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify perception, knowledge, and attitudes toward mental health disorders and their treatment among students in a university in West Java, Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study which measures perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of 427 university students using convenience sampling through a 53-item self-administered questionnaire was conducted in January 2020. Either a chi-square test or the Kruskal–Wallis test was employed to analyze the association between student characteristics and variables. Furthermore, Spearman rank correlation coefficient was utilized to evaluate the relationship between variables. Results A total of 51.29% students had negative perceptions, 50.23% had good knowledge, and 52.46% had positive attitudes toward mental disorders and their treatment. The differences in the experience of visiting a psychologist or psychiatrist were associated with perceptions (P<0.01), knowledge (P<0.01), and attitudes (P<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between perception and attitude (r=0.56; P<0.01) and between knowledge and attitude (r=0.24; P<0.01). The students obtained most information about mental health from social media (92.74%). Conclusion Students demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitude toward mental health disorders. However, some continue to hold negative perceptions regarding approaching someone with a mental disorder, encouraging doubt and fear. Health promotion about mental health disorders and their treatment must be conducted to increase positive perceptions, good knowledge, and positive attitudes of the students. Social media tools can be considered to enhance mental health promotion and prevention of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma M Puspitasari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ingka Tisya Garnisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rano K Sinuraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Witriani Witriani
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Mahsoon A, Sharif L, Banakhar M, Alasmee N, Almowallad E, Jabali R, Bahamil A, Assur S. Parental Support, Beliefs about Mental Illness, and Mental Help-Seeking among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5615. [PMID: 32759778 PMCID: PMC7432931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mental illness is not uncommon among young adults, but negative attitudes towards mental disorders and lack of parental support might be associated with hesitancy in seeking professional help. This study aimed to examine the relationships of parental support, beliefs about mental illness, and mental help-seeking among young adults in Saudi Arabia. This quantitative cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 236 young adults (ages 18-25) with the majority of the total (86.4%) being female. Data were collected via three self-administered questionnaires: The Perceived Parental Support Scale, Beliefs toward Mental Illness scale, and Mental Help Seeking Attitude Scale. Results indicated that the participants had a moderately negative attitude toward mental illness, a moderately positive attitude toward parental support, and a highly positive attitude toward mental help-seeking. No significant relationships were found among the study variables. The study highlights that despite young adults' positive attitude toward mental help-seeking and parental support, they have negative views toward people with mental illnesses. Educational programs in schools and media are needed to improve attitudes and enhance readiness to interact with people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Mahsoon
- Nursing Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Loujain Sharif
- Nursing Mental Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Maram Banakhar
- Nursing Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Nofaa Alasmee
- Nursing Mental Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Esraa Almowallad
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Razan Jabali
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Amjad Bahamil
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Sara Assur
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
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