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Vinha AF, Costa ASG, Espírito Santo L, Ferreira DM, Sousa C, Pinto E, Almeida A, Oliveira MBPP. High-Value Compounds in Papaya By-Products ( Carica papaya L. var. Formosa and Aliança): Potential Sustainable Use and Exploitation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1009. [PMID: 38611538 PMCID: PMC11013330 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food waste is a global and growing problem that is gaining traction due to its environmental, ethical, social, and economic repercussions. Between 2022 and 2027, the worldwide papaya market is expected to have a huge increase, meaning a growth in organic waste, including peels and seeds. Thus, this study evaluated the potential use of peels and seeds of two mature papaya fruits as a source of bioactive compounds, converting these by-products into value-added products. Proximate analysis (AOAC methods), mineral content (ICP-MS), free sugars (HPLC-ELSD), fatty acid composition (GC-FID), vitamin E profile (HPLC-DAD-FLD), and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) were evaluated. RESULTS Both by-products showed high total protein (20-27%), and dietary fiber (32-38%) contents. Papaya peels presented a high ash content (14-16%), indicating a potential application as a mineral source. 14 fatty acids were detected, with α-linolenic acid (30%) as the most abundant in the peels and oleic acid (74%) in the seeds. Both by-products showed high antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION Papaya by-products display great potential for industrial recovery and application, such as formulation of new functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Vinha
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.V.); (A.S.G.C.); (L.E.S.); (C.S.); (A.A.)
- FP-I3ID, Research Institute, Innovation and Development Fernando Pessoa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela S. G. Costa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.V.); (A.S.G.C.); (L.E.S.); (C.S.); (A.A.)
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Liliana Espírito Santo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.V.); (A.S.G.C.); (L.E.S.); (C.S.); (A.A.)
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Diana M. Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.V.); (A.S.G.C.); (L.E.S.); (C.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Carla Sousa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.V.); (A.S.G.C.); (L.E.S.); (C.S.); (A.A.)
- FP-I3ID, Research Institute, Innovation and Development Fernando Pessoa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Edgar Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.V.); (A.S.G.C.); (L.E.S.); (C.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.V.); (A.S.G.C.); (L.E.S.); (C.S.); (A.A.)
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Tarjuelo L, Rabadán A, Álvarez-Ortí M, Pardo-Giménez A, Pardo I, Pardo J. Nutritional characteristics and consumer attitudes towards burgers produced by replacing animal fat with oils obtained from food by-products. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Słowik-Borowiec M, Głąb N, Stach S, Szpyrka E. A Miniaturized Sample Preparation Method for the Determination of Vitamins A and E in Food Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083449. [PMID: 37110682 PMCID: PMC10144259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new analytical approach to the simultaneous identification and quantification of vitamins A and E in three representative matrices (Parmesan, spinach, and almonds) was developed. The analyses were based on high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS/DAD detection. The procedure was optimized by a significant reduction in the weight of the tested products and quantities of reagents added during the saponification and extraction stages. A full method validation study was performed for retinol at two concentration levels (LOQ and 200 × LOQ), which showed satisfactory results, with recoveries ranging from 98.8 to 110.1%, and an average CV of 8.9%. Linearity was tested in the range of 1-500 µg/mL and showed the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.999. The satisfactory recovery and precision parameters were achieved for α-tocopherol (LOQ and 500 × LOQ) in the range of 70.6-143.2%, with a mean CV equal to 6.5%. The observed linearity for this analyte in the concentration range of 1.06-532.0 µg/mL was R2 = 0.999. The average extended uncertainties were estimated, using a top-down approach of 15.9% and 17.6% for vitamin E and A, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine vitamins in 15 commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Słowik-Borowiec
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Natalia Głąb
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Sabina Stach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ewa Szpyrka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Sousa MM, Ferreira DM, Machado S, Lobo JC, Costa ASG, Palmeira JD, Nunes MA, Alves RC, Ferreira H, Oliveira MBPP. Effect of Different Time/Temperature Binomials on the Chemical Features, Antioxidant Activity, and Natural Microbial Load of Olive Pomace Paste. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062876. [PMID: 36985848 PMCID: PMC10059073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace is a by-product from olive oil production that can be further processed to obtain olive pomace paste. In this work, the influence of different time/temperature binomials (65 °C/30 min; 77 °C/1 min; 88 °C/15 s; and 120 °C/20 min) on the nutritional quality, chemical composition, and efficiency on control/elimination of natural microbial load of olive pomace paste was ascertained. The treatments significantly impacted the contents of ash, fat, vitamin E, phenolics (including hydroxytyrosol), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, but not the fatty acids profile. The binomial 88 °C/15 s showed the greatest potential since it better preserved the phytochemical and antioxidant properties as well as the protein and fiber contents. This binomial is also faster and easy to be implemented at an industrial level, allowing the obtention of a safe functional ingredient to satisfy consumers' demands for novel sustainable products, simultaneously, responding to food safety and food security concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Melo Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Machado
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana C Lobo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela S G Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Josman D Palmeira
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO-i4HB, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Antónia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO-i4HB, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Lipid Profile Quantification and Species Discrimination of Pine Seeds through NIR Spectroscopy: A Feasibility Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233939. [PMID: 36496747 PMCID: PMC9737266 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine seeds are known for their richness in lipid compounds and other healthy substances. However, the reference procedures that are commonly applied for their analysis are quite laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, it is important to develop rapid, accurate, multi-parametric, cost-effective and, essentially, environmentally friendly analytical techniques that are easily implemented at an industrial scale. The viability of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyse the seed lipid content and profile of three different pine species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus brutia and Pinus pinaster) was investigated. Moreover, species discrimination using NIR was also attempted. Different chemometric models, namely partial least squares (PLS) regression, for lipid analysis, and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), for pine species discrimination, were applied. In relation to the discrimination of pine seed species, a total of 90.5% of correct classification rates were obtained. Regarding the quantification models, most of the compounds assessed yielded determination coefficients (R2P) higher than 0.80. The best PLS models were obtained for total fat, vitamin E, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, C20:2, C20:1n9, C20, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9c, C18 and C16:1. Globally, the obtained results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy is a suitable analytical technique for lipid analysis and species discrimination of pine seeds.
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Comprehensive characterisation of marine macroalgae waste and impact of oil extraction, focusing on the biomass recovery potential. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Olive Pomace Functional Ingredient. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090913. [PMID: 34577612 PMCID: PMC8471359 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace, an olive oil processing byproduct, can be upcycled and meet the current demand for natural and sustainable food ingredients. In this work, a patented process was used to obtain a functional ingredient from different olive pomaces. The nutritional, chemical and antioxidant profiles, as well as the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, were investigated for the first time. The amount of phenolics ranged between 3.1 and 3.8 g gallic acid eq./100 g in all samples and flavonoids between 2.0 and 3.2 g catechin eq/100 g. No significant differences were found regarding the antioxidant activity. The total fat varied between 5 and 11%, α-tocopherol being the major vitamer and oleic acid the main fatty acid. The protein and ash contents were 1–4% and 10–17%, respectively. The functional ingredient with a higher hydroxytyrosol content (220 mg/100 g) also presented the best minimal inhibitory concentration against the tested bacteria. No activity against C. albicans was verified. This new functional ingredient presents the potential to be used as a natural preservative or as a nutritional profile enhancer. Moreover, it can be an advantageous ingredient in food products, since it comprises specific lipid and hydrophilic bioactive compounds usually not present in other plant extracts.
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Melo D, Álvarez-Ortí M, Nunes MA, Costa ASG, Machado S, Alves RC, Pardo JE, Oliveira MBPP. Whole or Defatted Sesame Seeds ( Sesamum indicum L.)? The Effect of Cold Pressing on Oil and Cake Quality. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092108. [PMID: 34574218 PMCID: PMC8466230 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole sesame seeds and sesame oil, which is obtained after cold pressing the seeds, are foodstuffs globally consumed due to their nutritional characteristics. The press cake that remains from the oil extraction process can be ground to form a defatted flour that can be incorporated into the human diet, contributing to the valorisation of this product. The nutritional comparison between the whole seeds and the press cake reveals the potential of this by-product to be incorporated in the formulation of diverse foodstuff, since it is richer than the seeds in proteins (30%) and fibre (25%) and still contains a proportion of oil (32%) with a fatty acid pattern characterized by the abundance of unsaturated fatty acids. The protein fraction of both the seeds and the cake shows a balanced composition regarding amino acid composition, with all the essential amino acids included. On the other hand, the oil obtained by cold pressing is shown as a high-quality oil, where the predominant fatty acids are oleic (42.66%) and linoleic (41.25%), which are essential fatty acids because they are not synthetised in the organism and must be obtained through the diet. In addition, it is rich in vitamin E, especially in γ-tocopherol, that was the main isomer found. Regarding these results, all products (sesame seeds, oil and press cake) are components suitable to be included in a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Melo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Ortí
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Maria Antónia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Anabela S. G. Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Susana Machado
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - José E. Pardo
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
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Khouja M, Alves RC, Melo D, Costa ASG, Nunes MA, Khaldi A, Oliveira MBPP, Messaoud C. Morphological and Chemical Differentiation between Tunisian Populations of Pinus halepensis, Pinus brutia, and Pinus pinaster. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100071. [PMID: 33871171 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lipid fraction of seeds from different pine species and populations was studied regarding total lipid content, fatty acid profile and vitamin E composition. The investigated seeds contained a high percentage of lipid (13.6 to 31.5 %). Lipid fractions were found to be rich in vitamin E, which varied significantly among species and populations. P. halepensis (Ph-Hn) showed the highest content of vitamin E (256.3 mg/kg of seeds) and the uppermost content of α-tocopherol (44 mg/kg). However, P. halepensis (Ph-Kas) was the richest in γ-tocopherol (204.9 mg/kg). Lipid fractions had a low content of δ-tocopherol (1.2 to 3.6 mg/kg. The highest content of γ-tocotrienol (∼18 %) was determined for P. halepensis (Ph-Dc and Ph-Hn). Thirteen fatty acids were identified by GC-FID with significant variation between the investigated species. The linoleic acid was the major fatty acid followed by oleic acid and palmitic acid. The chemical differentiation among species for the composition of fatty acids and vitamin E was confirmed by PCA. Significant correlations were observed between the content of vitamin E and fatty acids and ecological parameters of P. halepensis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Khouja
- National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorization of Medicinal Phytoresources, University of Carthage, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.,National research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, B.P. 10 Ariana, 2080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Melo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela S G Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Antonia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Abdelhamid Khaldi
- National research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, B.P. 10 Ariana, 2080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chokri Messaoud
- National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorization of Medicinal Phytoresources, University of Carthage, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
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Khlifi A, Pecio Ł, Lobo JC, Melo D, Ben Ayache S, Flamini G, Oliveira MBPP, Oleszek W, Achour L. Leaves of Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. And Murb. And Cleome arabica L.: Assessment of nutritional composition and chemical profile (LC-ESI-MS/MS), anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of their extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113739. [PMID: 33359854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Cleomaceae family is known for its richness in secondary metabolites and different Cleome species are used in folk medicine. Cleome amblyocarpa and Cleome arabica are medicinal herbs used in Tunisia and other North Africa countries to treat various diseases such as diabetes, rheumatism, colic, pain and digestive disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, few data are available about the nutritional value, phytochemical components and biological effects of C. arabica and C. amblyocarpa cultivated in Tunisia. For this reason, the present survey aimed to determine the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties of the leaves of these two species of Cleome. MATERIALS AND METHODS To characterize and determine the bioactive compounds in both extracts of leaves of Cleome species, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used. The various nutritional parameters were analyzed, in particular the amounts of protein, carbohydrates, ash, fiber, and total lipids. Vitamin E and fatty acid profiles were also evaluated by HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-FID, respectively. The acute toxic effects of leaf extracts in mice at concentrations of 100, 500 and 800 mg/kg body weight have been investigated. The anti-inflammatory effect of leaves extracts was examined by means of the in vitro and in vivo models. The in vivo anti-inflammatory test was assessed by means of the carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. For the in vitro anti-inflammatory assay, the red blood cells membrane stabilization and protein denaturation methods were employed. The analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves was also assessed by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. RESULTS The phytochemical composition and the nutritional values of the leaves of C. amblyocarpa and C. arabica were determined. Our results revealed that the leaves of C. amblyocarpa are rich in flavonoids and glucosinolates. On the other hand, these latter metabolites are not present in the C. arabica extract and the leaves are characterized by the presence of flavones, methoxyflavones and their glycosides. Our findings revealed that the leaves of the two species contain a potential quantity of vitamins; proteins, carbohydrates and dietary fiber, and their hydroalcoholic extracts indicated substantial anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in all the tests. Additionally, the data from the acute toxicity test proved that the leaf extracts did not cause any mortality or signs of toxicity in animals at doses up to 800 mg/kg CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this investigation demonstrated that the leaves of C. arabica and C. amblyocarpa are a valuable source of nutrients and active substances. Our observations support the traditional utilize of these two Cleome species for the treatment of painful diseases and as a source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Khlifi
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Puławy, Poland
| | - Joana C Lobo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Melo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Siwar Ben Ayache
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Puławy, Poland
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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From By-Product to the Food Chain: Melon ( Cucumis melo L.) Seeds as Potential Source for Oils. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101341. [PMID: 32977468 PMCID: PMC7598262 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit-processing industries annually discard large volumes of fruit by-products. Thousands of tons of melon seeds could be recovered through the year from melon production. These seeds are an excellent source of vegetable oil with significant health-promoting properties due to their unsaturated fatty acid profile and high content of specific bioactive compounds. However, little information exists about the influence of melon cultivars and oil-extraction methods on oil characteristics. In this study, oils from nine different melon cultivars were evaluated. Additionally, two oil-extraction methods (screw and hydraulic press) were studied. Results showed that melon seeds may be used as a novel source of healthy oils. Higher-quality oils were obtained with the hydraulic press; however, low yields reduced industrial interest in this method. Oils extracted from the different cultivars showed high variability in the content of linoleic (51–69%) and oleic (15–34%) acids. Regarding vitamin E, γ-tocopherol was the main isoform found in melon-seed oils (99.81–456.73 mg/kg), followed by α- and δ-tocopherols. Significant concentrations of tocotrienols (α, β, and γ) were also found. Although all cultivars showed positive attributes, principal-component analysis (PCA) showed that Honey Dew and Blanco de Ribatejo could be specifically considered as a potential source of polyunsaturated oils with high concentrations of vitamin E.
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Simple and sensitive determination of vitamin A and E in the milk and egg yolk samples by using dispersive solid phase extraction with newly synthesized polymeric material. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Antónia Nunes M, Páscoa RNMJ, Alves RC, Costa ASG, Bessada S, Oliveira MBPP. Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy as a tool to discriminate olive wastes: The case of monocultivar pomaces. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 103:378-387. [PMID: 31954992 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Olive pomace, a wet semi-solid paste that remains after olive oil extraction, is a major waste of the process and its recovery is mandatory due to its phytotoxicity when rejected directly into the soil. Innovative applications have been studied, but simple and reliable methods that fulfil the gap between the recovery of compounds and their use by industries (contributing to the sustainability and circular economy of the chain) still need to be explored. In this work, four monocultivar olive pomaces (Arbequina, Arbosana, Oliana, and Koroneiki) were studied regarding their nutritional composition, fatty acids and vitamin E profiles, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and Fourier Transform Near Infrared and Mid Infrared spectra. Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis were used to discriminate samples. Arbosana pomace presented the highest total fat (15%, dw) and vitamin E contents (1.4 mg/g of oil), being α-tocopherol the main vitamer in all samples. Koroneiki pomace was the richest in phenolic compounds (9 g gallic acid eq./kg). The major fatty acid was oleic acid. Stearic acid, linoleic acid, and FRAP levels differed significantly among cultivars. NIR spectra showed differences in all spectral regions (best separation from 6504 to 5389 cm-1 and 4961 to 4035 cm-1), while MIR spectra presented differences only in some spectral regions. The results showed that Near Infrared spectroscopy together with Principal Component Analysis is a powerful tool to discriminate olive pomace cultivars, with ability to be used in an industrial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antónia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N M J Páscoa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela S G Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Bessada
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Pinto D, Diaz Franco S, Silva AM, Cupara S, Koskovac M, Kojicic K, Soares S, Rodrigues F, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Oliveira MBPP. Chemical characterization and bioactive properties of a coffee-like beverage prepared from Quercus cerris kernels. Food Funct 2019; 10:2050-2060. [PMID: 30907907 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02536c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a coffee-like beverage was prepared from Quercus cerris seeds. Seeds presented 60.4% carbohydrates (of which 26.9% is fiber), 6.3% proteins and 4.0% fat. In the coffee-like beverage, the TPC and TFC were 2070.2 mg GAE per L and 285.3 mg CEQ per L, respectively. The IC50 values determined using FRAP and DPPH assays were, respectively, 203.1 mg L-1 and 271.6 mg L-1. Concerning the reactive species scavenging capacity, the extract was more effective against O2˙-, HClO and ˙NO (namely, IC50 = 17.24 ± 0.24 μg mL-1, IC50 = 9.25 ± 0.92 μg mL-1 and IC50 = 0.65 ± 0.06 μg mL-1). Qualitative and quantitative analyses by 1D- and 2D-NMR and LC-MS indicated high levels of ellagic acid and gallotannin or ellagitannin derivatives. The optimal range of non-cytotoxic concentrations in Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cell lines was between 0.1 and 1.0 μg mL-1. This is the first study that evaluates the Q. cerris seed extract as a beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 280, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Barbosa MO, Coutinho DJG, Santos J, Cordeiro RP, Muniz LR, Alves RC, Bessa CMAS, da Silva MV, Oliveira MBPP, de Oliveira AFM. Composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols and β-carotene content in oils of seeds of Brazilian Sapindaceae and Meliaceae species. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:3164-3169. [PMID: 31205372 PMCID: PMC6542901 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the lipid composition and the oxidative stability of oils of Sapindaceae and Meliaceae seeds. The oil content ranged from 14.7% (Guarea guidonia) to 30.1% (Allophylus puberulus and Paullinia elegans). Ten fatty acids were identified in seed oils. Guarea guidonia seeds accumulated mainly oleic (44.9%) and linoleic (24.1%) acid, whereas the unusual gondoic and paullinic acids were identified in A. puberulus (15.8%; 8.9%) and P. elegans (14.4%; 44.2%), respectively. The oil of P. elegans had the highest oxidative stability (16.2 h.). Tocopherol predominated in A. puberulus (10.4 mg/100 g) and tocotrienol predominated in G. guidonea and P. elegans (2.6 mg/100 g). The vitamers α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and γ-tocotrienol were found in the studied oils. β-carotene was predominantly detected in the oil of A. puberulus seeds (22.4 μg/g). Guarea guidonia seed oil has a high potential in food due to richness in essential fatty acids. In turn, A. puberulus and P. elegans oils could be suggested for other industrial purposes (e.g., biodiesel, varnishes, paints, soaps, or oleochemicals) due to their content of long-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. O. Barbosa
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE – MCTIC), Av. Prof. Luís Freire, 1 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.740-540 Brazil
| | - D. J. G. Coutinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - J. Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - R. P. Cordeiro
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - L. R. Muniz
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - R. C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - C. M. A. S. Bessa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - M. V. da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
| | - M. B. P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A. F. M. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50.670-901 Brazil
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Bessada SMF, Alves RC, Costa ASG, Nunes MA, Oliveira MBPP. Coffea canephora silverskin from different geographical origins: A comparative study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1021-1028. [PMID: 30248827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coffee silverskin is the major by-product of coffee roasting. Among all the coffee by-products, it is a relatively stable product due to its low moisture content. Currently, silverskin is used as direct fuel (e.g. firelighters), for composting and soil fertilization. As it is a natural source of several bioactive compounds that can be extracted and further used for food or dermocosmetic purposes, the valorization of this by-product is of utmost importance, having in view the sustainability and circular economy principles. The aim of this work was to evaluate, for the first time, the influence of different geographical origins (Brazil, Uganda, Vietnam, Cameroon, Indonesia, and India) on the chemical composition of silverskin obtained from Coffea canephora beans. Different parameters were analysed, including ashes, protein, soluble and insoluble fiber, and total lipid amounts; vitamin E, fatty acid and phenolics profiles (by HPLC-DAD-FLD, GC-FID, and HPLC-DAD, respectively); caffeine, 5‑caffeoylquinic acid and hydroxymethyfurfural contents (by HPLC-DAD); and antioxidant profile (total phenolics and flavonoids contents, DPPH inhibition, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the samples, especially regarding the fatty acid profile and the antioxidant composition. For instance, the Brazilian silverskin was the richest in total lipids and vitamin E, while the Indian silverskin was the poorest in phenolics and antioxidant activity, and presented a higher relative percentage of saturated fatty acids. A Principal Component Analysis allowed to group the studied samples according to their geographical proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia M F Bessada
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Anabela S G Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Antónia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Antónia Nunes M, Costa ASG, Bessada S, Santos J, Puga H, Alves RC, Freitas V, Oliveira MBPP. Olive pomace as a valuable source of bioactive compounds: A study regarding its lipid- and water-soluble components. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:229-236. [PMID: 29981971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Olive pomace is a major output of olive oil processing. This by-product is a valuable source of bioactive compounds with well-recognized benefits for human health and well-being. In this work, the proximate composition and the profiles of vitamin E (HPLC-DAD-FLD), fatty acids (GC-FID) and phenolics (HPLC-DAD-FL/MSn) were determined. Additionally, a sustainable process for antioxidants extraction - Multi-frequency Multimode Modulated (MMM) ultrasonic technique - was compared to a conventional solid-liquid extraction. The total phenolics content and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH scavenging ability) of the extracts were analysed to assess the efficacy of both extraction methodologies. The vitamin E profile of the olive pomace comprised the vitamers α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and γ-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol was the major form (2.63 mg/100 g), while the other vitamers were present in amounts lower than 0.1 mg/100 g. The lipid fraction was especially rich in oleic acid (75%), followed by palmitic (10%), linoleic (9%), and stearic (3%) acids. Hydroxytyrosol and comsegoloside represented ≈79% of the total phenolics present in olive pomace. Hydroxytyrosol content was 83.6 mg/100 g, while tyrosol was present in lower amounts (3.4 mg/100 g). Concerning the antioxidants extraction, the MMM technique allowed a faster and higher recovery (p < 0.05) of the compounds, compared to the conventional solid-liquid extraction. By this way, it seems to be a very promising eco-friendly and effective methodology to extract antioxidants from this and other matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antónia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. J. Viterbo, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela S G Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. J. Viterbo, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Bessada
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. J. Viterbo, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. J. Viterbo, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Puga
- Centre for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. J. Viterbo, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of, Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. J. Viterbo, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Costa AS, Alves RC, Vinha AF, Costa E, Costa CS, Nunes MA, Almeida AA, Santos-Silva A, Oliveira MBP. Nutritional, chemical and antioxidant/pro-oxidant profiles of silverskin, a coffee roasting by-product. Food Chem 2018; 267:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Rodrigues F, Moreira T, Pinto D, Pimentel FB, Costa AS, Nunes MA, Gonçalves Albuquerque T, S. Costaa, H, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Oliveira AI, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Oliveira MBP. The phytochemical and bioactivity profiles of wild Calluna vulgaris L. flowers. Food Res Int 2018; 111:724-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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20
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Pinto D, Rodrigues F, Braga N, Santos J, Pimentel FB, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Oliveira MBPP. The Castanea sativa bur as a new potential ingredient for nutraceutical and cosmetic outcomes: preliminary studies. Food Funct 2018; 8:201-208. [PMID: 27990543 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chestnuts are a common food product in Mediterranean countries, being recognized also for their beneficial effects on human health. Nevertheless, during processing, these fruits generate a large amount of food by-products, such as shells and burs. In the present work, the macronutrient composition, vitamin E profile and amino acid content of the burs were determined in samples from three different Portuguese regions (Minho, Trás-os-Montes and Beira-Alta). The nutritional composition was similar for all samples, being characterised by a high moisture content and low fat amounts. All essential amino acids were present in considerable amounts. Concerning vitamin E, the predominant vitamer was α-tocopherol for the Minho and Beira-Alta samples. The total phenolic compounds were quantified, and the antioxidant activity evaluated in different extracts using two biochemical assays (DPPH˙ and FRAP). All bur extracts showed a high total phenolic content, the highest obtained being that for the Beira-Alta samples. The chestnut bur from Minho showed the highest antioxidant activity in both assays. This study aims to demonstrate the potential of the Castanea sativa bur as a cosmetic and nutraceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nair Braga
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Santos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Filipa B Pimentel
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal and Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Santos J, Alvarez-Ortí M, Sena-Moreno E, Rabadán A, Pardo JE, Beatriz Pp Oliveira M. Effect of roasting conditions on the composition and antioxidant properties of defatted walnut flour. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1813-1820. [PMID: 28873230 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walnut oil extraction by pressure systems produces a press cake as a by-product, with many of the beneficial walnut properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the composition and antioxidant properties of walnut flours submitted to different roasting protocols (50, 100 and 150 °C during 30, 60 and 120 min). RESULTS All walnut flours had about 42% protein and a significant amount of dietary fibre (17%), not being affected by the roasting process. Nonetheless, the fat content increased around 50% in walnuts flours subjected to longer and higher roasting temperatures (150 °C). The lipid fraction showed a good nutritional quality with a high vitamin E content (mainly γ-tocopherol) and fatty acid profile rich in linoleic and linolenic acids. The high phenolic content also provides great antioxidant capacity to the flours. CONCLUSION Mild roasting of walnuts did not affect the quality of the flours that could be used as a functional ingredient in the food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Alvarez-Ortí
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - Estela Sena-Moreno
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - Adrián Rabadán
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - José E Pardo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Beatriz Pp Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Free tocopherols as chemical markers for Arabica coffee adulteration with maize and coffee by-products. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Medjkouh L, Tamendjari A, Keciri S, Santos J, Nunes MA, Oliveira MBPP. The effect of the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) on quality parameters, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of olive oil. Food Funct 2016; 7:2780-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study shows the importance of controlling the fly attack because it causes a decrease in the beneficial health effects of olive oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Medjkouh
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie
- Université de Bejaia
- Algérie
| | - Abderezak Tamendjari
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie
- Université de Bejaia
- Algérie
| | - Sonia Keciri
- Technical Institute of Arboriculture of Fruits and Vine (TIAFV)
- Bejaia
- Algeria
| | - Joana Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Portugal
| | - M. Antónia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Portugal
| | - M. B. P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Portugal
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Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Shukor MY, Abu Bakar MZ, Ahmad SA. Phytochemical investigation, hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of Amaranthus viridis leaf extract in hypercholesterolemia-induced rabbits. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04827g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main causes for coronary heart disease, which occurs due to high levels of serum cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamala Salvamani
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yunus Shukor
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Md. Zuki Abu Bakar
- Department of Veterinary Pre Clinical
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
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25
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Winkler-Moser JK, Singh M, Rennick KA, Bakota EL, Jham G, Liu SX, Vaughn SF. Detection of Corn Adulteration in Brazilian Coffee (Coffea arabica) by Tocopherol Profiling and Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10662-10668. [PMID: 26600312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is a high-value commodity that is a target for adulteration, leading to loss of quality and causing significant loss to consumers. Therefore, there is significant interest in developing methods for detecting coffee adulteration and improving the sensitivity and accuracy of these methods. Corn and other lower value crops are potential adulterants, along with sticks and coffee husks. Fourteen pure Brazilian roasted, ground coffee bean samples were adulterated with 1-20% of roasted, ground corn and were analyzed for their tocopherol content and profile by HPLC. They were also analyzed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Both proposed methods of detection of corn adulteration displayed a sensitivity of around 5%, thus representing simple and fast analytical methods for detecting adulteration at likely levels of contamination. Further studies should be conducted to verify the results with a much larger sample size and additional types of adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Winkler-Moser
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Mukti Singh
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Kathy A Rennick
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Erica L Bakota
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Gulab Jham
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sean X Liu
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Steven F Vaughn
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
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26
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Araújo M, Alves RC, Pimentel FB, Costa AS, Fernandes TJ, Valente LM, Rema P, Oliveira MBP. New approach for vitamin E extraction in rainbow trout flesh: Application in fish fed commercial and red seaweed‐supplemented diets. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Araújo
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do PortoInstituto Politécnico do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Filipa B. Pimentel
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Anabela S.G. Costa
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Telmo J.R. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Luísa M.P. Valente
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e AmbientalPortoPortugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Paulo Rema
- CECAV/UTAD—Universidade de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do PortoInstituto Politécnico do PortoPortoPortugal
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27
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Rodrigues F, Santos J, Pimentel FB, Braga N, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Oliveira MBPP. Promising new applications of Castanea sativa shell: nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, amino acids and vitamin E profile. Food Funct 2015; 6:2854-60. [PMID: 26190821 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00571j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the macronutrient composition and the amino acid and vitamin E profiles of Castanea sativa shell from different production regions of Portugal (Minho, Trás-os-Montes and Beira-Alta). The nutritional composition was similar for all samples, with a high moisture content and low fat amounts. Arginine and leucine were the predominant essential amino acids (EAA) accounting for 3.55-7.21% and 1.59-2.08%, respectively, for samples of the different production zones. All the shells presented high contents of vitamin E (481.5 mg per 100 g sample, 962.8 mg per 100 g sample and 567.5 mg per 100 g sample, respectively, for Minho, Trás-os-Montes and Beira-Alta). The predominant vitamer was γ-tocopherol (670 mg per 100 g sample for Trás-os-Montes). The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of C. sativa shell were also determined. Trás-os-Montes extracts displayed the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 = 31.8 ± 1.3 μg mL(-1) for DPPH; 8083.5 ± 164.8 μmol per mg db for FRAP). The total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 241.9 mg to 796.8 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g db sample, the highest TPC being obtained for Trás-os-Montes. The total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 31.4 to 43.3 mg of catechin equivalents (CEQ) per g db sample. No antimicrobial activity was observed. The results showed the potentialities of C. sativa shell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Pimentel FB, Alves RC, Oliva-Teles MT, Costa ASG, Fernandes TJR, Almeida MF, Torres D, Delerue-Matos C, Oliveira MBPP. Targeting specific nutrient deficiencies in protein-restricted diets: some practical facts in PKU dietary management. Food Funct 2015; 5:3151-9. [PMID: 25277724 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00555d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among aminoacidopathies, phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most prevalent one. Early diagnosis in the neonatal period with a prompt nutritional therapy (low natural-protein and phenylalanine diet, supplemented with phenylalanine-free amino acid mixtures and special low-protein foods) remains the mainstay of the treatment. Data considering nutrient contents of cooked dishes is lacking. In this study, fourteen dishes specifically prepared for PKU individuals were analysed, regarding the lipid profile and iron and zinc contents. These dishes are poor sources of essential nutrients like Fe, Zn or n-3 fatty acids, reinforcing the need for adequate supplementation to cover individual patients' needs. This study can contribute to a more accurate adjustment of PKU diets and supplementation in order to prevent eventual nutritional deficiencies. This study contributes to a better understanding of nutrient intake from PKU patients' meals, showing the need for dietary supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa B Pimentel
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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29
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Viñas P, Pastor-Belda M, Campillo N, Bravo-Bravo M, Hernández-Córdoba M. Capillary liquid chromatography combined with pressurized liquid extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of vitamin E in cosmetic products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 94:173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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30
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Pimentel FB, Alves RC, Costa AS, Fernandes TJ, Torres D, Almeida MF, Oliveira MBP. Nutritional composition of low protein and phenylalanine-restricted dishes prepared for phenylketonuric patients. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Viñas P, Bravo-Bravo M, López-García I, Pastor-Belda M, Hernández-Córdoba M. Pressurized liquid extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in plant foods by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry detection. Talanta 2013; 119:98-104. [PMID: 24401390 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were used to isolate and preconcentrate tocopherols and tocotrienols from plant foods. The Taguchi experimental method was used to optimize the six factors (three levels for each factor), affecting DLLME, namely: carbon tetrachloride volume, methanol volume, aqueous sample volume, pH of sample, sodium chloride concentration and time of the centrifugation step. The influencing parameters selected were 2 mL of methanol:isopropanol (1:1) (disperser solvent), 150 µL carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent) and 10 mL aqueous solution. The organic phase was injected into reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of an 85:15 (v/v) methanol:water mixture and a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. Detection was carried out using both fluorescence and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) in negative ion mode. Quantification was carried out by the standard addition method. Detection limits were in the range 0.2-0.3 ng mL(-1) for the vitamers with base-line resolution. The recoveries obtained using the optimized DLLME were in the 90-108% range, with RSDs lower than 6.7%. The APCI-MS spectra, in combination with fluorescence spectra, permitted the correct identification of compounds in the vegetable and fruit samples. The method was validated according to international guidelines and using two certified reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Bravo-Bravo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio López-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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32
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Alves RC, Casal S, Oliveira MBP. Tocopherols in coffee brews: Influence of coffee species, roast degree and brewing procedure. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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