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Normand S, Lambert M, Bakeman R, Guiet J, Brendgen M, Mikami AY. Targeting Peer Contagion Dynamics in Children with ADHD: Effects from a Two-Site Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:473-488. [PMID: 38573210 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2024.2335633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental Friendship Coaching (PFC) teaches parents to coach their children in friendship skills. This paper examines whether PFC fosters positive peer contagion processes (i.e. dyadic mutuality) and reduces negative peer contagion processes (i.e. coercive joining) within the friendships of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Participants were 134 families of children with ADHD and peer problems (age 6-11 years; 69% male; 72% white) at two Canadian sites, randomized to PFC or CARE (an active comparison intervention). Children were observed in the lab at baseline, post-treatment, and at 8-month follow-up during cooperation and competition tasks with a real-life friend. Amount and reciprocity of dyadic mutuality indicators (i.e. positive affect and positive behaviors) and coercive joining indicators (i.e. aggressive, controlling, and rule-breaking behaviors) between friends were coded. RESULTS Across treatment conditions, children showed an increase in the amount of dyadic mutuality during cooperation and a decrease in the amount of coercive joining during competition over time. Relative to CARE, PFC induced a reduced amount of coercive joining behaviors during cooperation at post-treatment and follow-up. However, PFC led to decreases in the reciprocity of positive affect during cooperation at post-treatment and to increases in the reciprocity of coercive joining during competition at follow-up relative to CARE. Moderation analyses suggest PFC was associated with better outcomes for children with externalizing comorbidity, and for those with a stable or a best friend. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of transactional processes, contextual differences, externalizing comorbidities, and friendship status when assessing the efficacy of PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Normand
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort
| | - Maude Lambert
- Development & Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
| | | | - Joanna Guiet
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center
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Evans SC, Hamilton JL, Boyd SI, Karlovich AR, Ladouceur CD, Silk JS, Bylsma LM. Daily Associations Between Sleep and Affect in Youth at Risk for Psychopathology: The Moderating Role of Externalizing Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:35-50. [PMID: 37405590 PMCID: PMC10766867 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Problems with sleep, emotion regulation, and externalizing psychopathology are interrelated, but little is known about their day-to-day associations in youth. We examined self-reported daily sleep quality as a bidirectional predictor of next-day positive and negative affect (PA/NA), with externalizing symptoms as a moderator. Data were drawn from an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study involving 82 youths (ages 9-13; 50% female; 44% White, 37% Black/African American) at high (n = 41) or low (n = 41) familial risk for psychopathology. Parents rated youths' externalizing symptoms at baseline. Youths then completed a 9-day EMA protocol, reporting sleep quality 1x/day and affect 4-8x/day. Daily means, peaks, and variability in PA and NA were computed. Multilevel models examined bidirectional associations between sleep and affect (between- and within-person), testing externalizing symptoms as a moderator and controlling for age and sex. In models of sleep predicting affect: Within-person, poorer-than-usual sleep quality predicted greater variability and higher peaks in next-day NA, but only for youth with higher levels of externalizing symptoms. Between-person, poor sleep quality and higher levels of externalizing symptoms predicted lower mean and peak PA. In models of affect predicting sleep: Within-person, lower-than-usual mean PA predicted poorer subsequent sleep quality, but only for youth with higher levels of externalizing symptoms. Between-person, youths with higher mean and peak PA had better sleep quality. These findings suggest that affective functioning is bidirectionally linked to daily self-reported sleep quality among high- and low-risk youth. Specific disturbances in daily sleep-affect cycles may be distinctly associated with externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Keating J, Bramham J, Downes M. Sensory modulation and negative affect in children at familial risk of ADHD. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 112:103904. [PMID: 33639605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sensory modulation difficulties are commonly reported in patients with ADHD, however there has been little focus on the development of these difficulties in young children at a higher risk of later ADHD diagnosis. This study investigated whether children with a familial history of ADHD show greater sensory modulation difficulties. We also explored whether sensory modulation was linked to negative affectivity, which has been highlighted as a potential early marker of ADHD. METHODS Parents of children under 6 years with a family history of ADHD (n = 65) and no family history (n = 122) completed questionnaires on sensory modulation and temperament. RESULTS Children from families with ADHD were reported to display extreme patterns of hyperresponsiveness and hyporesponsiveness, relative to controls. No differences emerged for the sensory seeking domain. Some children within the high-risk group reported high scores across all three sensory modulation patterns. Regression analysis revealed that hyperresponsiveness predicted higher levels of negative affect. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS This study is the first to report greater sensory modulation difficulties in children at familial risk of ADHD. Future research should establish whether children with sensory modulation and temperament difficulties in early childhood are more vulnerable to developing ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Keating
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - J Bramham
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Downes
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Leaberry KD, Rosen PJ, Fogleman ND, Walerius DM, Slaughter KE. Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders Predict Lability of Negative Emotions Among Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1989-2001. [PMID: 28992752 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717734647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: A subset of children with ADHD experience more frequent, sudden, and intense shifts toward negative emotions. The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to provide a valid assessment of the impact of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on negative emotional lability (EL) among children with ADHD. Method: Parents of 58, 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD were administered a diagnostic interview to assess for ADHD and for the presence of comorbid disorders. Parents completed EMA-based ratings of their child's negative emotions three times daily for a total of 28 days. Results: Children with a comorbid internalizing disorder or children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experienced significantly greater EMA-derived negative EL than children without comorbid disorders over time. Children with multiple comorbidities experienced greater EL than children with single comorbidities. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggested that both comorbid ODD and comorbid internalizing disorders contribute to negative EL among children with ADHD.
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Reactive and Regulatory Temperament: Longitudinal Associations with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms through Childhood. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1771-1784. [PMID: 31076976 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of the relationship between temperament and psychopathology have been limited by focusing on main effects of temperament on psychopathology, reliance solely on maternal reports of child temperament, and predominately using cross-sectional designs. This study extended this work by focusing on interactions between reactive (positive emotionality/PE; negative emotionality/NE) and regulatory (effortful control) dimensions of temperament, using laboratory observations of temperament, and focusing on longitudinal prediction of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. 536 children (46.1% Female, 92.4% White) were followed in a prospective, longitudinal study of the relationship between temperament and psychopathology. Temperament was assessed using laboratory observations when children were at age 3. Mothers and fathers reported on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in their children at ages 3, 6, and 9. Multilevel modeling analyses examined associations between the interaction of temperament traits and patterns of change in internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Interactions between reactive PE traits (Sociability, Exuberance), but not NE traits (Dysphoria, Fear), and regulatory temperament (Disinhibition) were associated with the slope of maternal-reported internalizing and paternal-reported externalizing symptoms such that youth low in PE traits and high in effortful control experienced a greater decline in symptoms over time. In conclusion, among children with lower levels of PE traits, strong regulatory abilities are associated with greater reductions in internalizing and externalizing symptoms over time. These models highlight the complex interaction between reactive and regulatory temperament and expand current understanding of temperamental risk for psychopathology.
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Breaux R, Langberg JM, Swanson CS, Eadeh HM, Becker SP. Variability in Positive and Negative Affect Among Adolescents with and without ADHD: Differential Associations with Functional Outcomes. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:500-507. [PMID: 32663982 PMCID: PMC8010584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined whether adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differed in affect variability and whether variability in positive and negative affect was associated with functional outcomes. METHOD Participants were 302 adolescents (12-14 years, Mage=13.17, 55% male; 54% diagnosed with ADHD; 82% white) and their caregivers who each completed the 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Scale via daily diaries for approximately two weeks. Multi-informant ratings of emotional, behavioral, social, and academic outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Adolescents with ADHD were found to experience greater variability in self- and parent-reported positive affect, fear, and distress. For adolescents with ADHD, greater variability in self- and parent-reported positive affect, fear, and distress were associated with more internalizing symptoms, greater variability in parent-reported positive affect was associated with worse social functioning, and greater variability in self- and parent-reported fear was associated with more externalizing symptoms. In contrast, greater variability in self- and parent-reported positive affect, fear, and distress were associated with better social functioning in adolescents without ADHD. LIMITATIONS Future work should examine affect variability in adolescents with ADHD within the same day rather than across days. The limited age range and demographic diversity of our sample may limit generalizability of findings. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the significant affect variability found among children with ADHD is also present in adolescents with ADHD and is associated with social and behavior impairment. Interventions for adolescents with ADHD should target emotion regulation abilities to help reduce the extremes of and shifts in affective experiences in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Breaux
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Psychology.
| | | | - Courtney S Swanson
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Psychology
| | - Hana-May Eadeh
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
| | - Stephen P Becker
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
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Bang KS, Kim S, Korpela KM, Song MK, Lee G, Jeong Y. Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Children's Vitality-Relaxation Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3369. [PMID: 31547249 PMCID: PMC6765921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study developed the Children's Vitality-Relaxation Scale (CVRS) by revising the adult version of the Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS). The CVRS was translated and culturally adapted into Korean, and its reliability and validity were evaluated in a cross-sectional, descriptive design study. Data collected from 181 elementary school students in grades 4‒6 were used to test the validity and reliability of the CVRS. Exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, known-groups comparison, and Cronbach's alpha were used for analysis. The factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure, and all factor loadings were above 0.40. The CVRS was a seven-point Likert scale consisting of eight items, which were classified as "vitality" (four items) and "relaxation" (four items). The external construct validity with the PANAS, PSS, and SRI was acceptable. In the known-groups comparison, the CVRS score was significantly higher for boys than for girls, and the CVRS score for high-income students was higher than low-income students. The Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.84 and ranged from 0.72-0.87 for the subscales. Results showed that the CVRS is a valid and reliable scale with acceptable psychometric characteristics in Korean children. The scale can be used to measure children's affect in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sook Bang
- Faculty of College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Sungjae Kim
- Faculty of College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Kalevi M Korpela
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Min Kyung Song
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Gumhee Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yeseul Jeong
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Krieger V, Amador-Campos JA, Gallardo-Pujol D. Temperament, executive function, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents: The mediating role of effortful control. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2019; 41:615-633. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1599824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Krieger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Amador-Campos
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (UBneuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gallardo-Pujol
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (UBneuro), Barcelona, Spain
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and happiness among adults in the general population. Psychiatry Res 2018; 265:317-323. [PMID: 29778053 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increasing focus on the role of mood and emotions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as yet, there has been comparatively little research on positive emotions. To address this research gap, the current study examined the association between ADHD symptoms and happiness using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. The analytic sample comprised 7274 adults aged 18 and above residing in private households in England. Information was collected on ADHD symptoms using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener, while happiness was assessed with a single (3-point) measure. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis and a mediation analysis were performed to examine associations. Greater ADHD symptom severity was associated with higher odds for feeling less happy. Mood instability (percentage mediated 37.1%), anxiety disorder (35.6%) and depression (29.9%) were all important mediators of the association between ADHD and happiness. Given that happiness has been linked to a number of beneficial outcomes, the results of this study highlight the importance of diagnosing ADHD in adults and also of screening for and treating any comorbid psychiatric disorders in these individuals.
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Fogleman ND, Leaberry KD, Rosen PJ, Walerius DM, Slaughter K. How do children with and without ADHD talk about frustration?: Use of a novel emotion narrative recall task. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:297-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s12402-018-0255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Physiological Emotion Regulation in Children with ADHD with and without Comorbid Internalizing Disorders: a Preliminary Study. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Factor PI, Reyes RA, Rosen PJ. Emotional Impulsivity in Children with ADHD Associated with Comorbid—Not ADHD—Symptomatology. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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