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Urbańska-Grosz J, Walkiewicz M, Sitek EJ. Is there sufficient evidence for the association between executive dysfunction and academic performance in adolescents with major depressive disorder?: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2129-2140. [PMID: 37561215 PMCID: PMC11254998 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Adult depression, undoubtedly associated with executive dysfunction, leads to poor work performance. As depression in adolescents may have a negative impact on school performance, we aimed to analyse the possible relationship between selected executive deficits and academic performance. Executive dysfunctions may have more severe consequences on school performance at high school, as this stage of education requires engagement in long-term goals, whether writing an essay or preparing for an exam. Whilst inhibitory control is necessary at all educational stages, it seems that planning and decision-making play a greater role in high school than in primary school. We reviewed studies on executive functions conducted in adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) to establish the possible relationship between executive processes and school performance in depressed adolescents. The search identified 5 studies addressing planning and decision-making in adolescents with MDD, but none of those studies reported educational achievement. We identified a considerable gap in the research on the functional impact of depression in adolescents. Identifying the link between specific executive deficits and school performance could guide tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Urbańska-Grosz
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdanskie Centrum Zdrowia, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, Neurolinguistics and Neuropsychotherapy, Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Walkiewicz
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdanskie Centrum Zdrowia, Gdansk, Poland
- Division of Quality of Life Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emilia J Sitek
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdanskie Centrum Zdrowia, Gdansk, Poland.
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, Neurolinguistics and Neuropsychotherapy, Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL, Gdansk, Poland.
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2
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Albermann M, Emery S, Baumgartner N, Strumberger M, Erb S, Wöckel L, Müller-Knapp U, Rhiner B, Contin-Waldvogel B, Bachmann S, Schmeck K, Berger G, Häberling I. Executive functions and borderline personality features in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:957753. [PMID: 37425294 PMCID: PMC10325791 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.957753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Executive functions (EF) consolidate during adolescence and are impaired in various emerging psychiatric disorders, such as pediatric Major Depressive Disorder (pMDD) and Borderline Personality Disorder. Previous studies point to a marked heterogeneity of deficits in EF in pMDD. We examined the hypothesis that deficits in EF in adolescents with pMDD might be related to comorbid Borderline Personality features (BPF). Methods We examined a sample of 144 adolescents (15.86 ± 1.32) diagnosed with pMDD. Parents rated their child's EF in everyday life with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and BPF with the Impulsivity and Emotion Dysregulation Scale (IED-27). The adolescents completed equivalent self-rating measures. Self- and parent-ratings of the BRIEF scores were compared with paired t-Tests. Correlation and parallel mediation analyses, ICC, and multiple regression analyses were used to assess symptom overlap, parent-child agreement, and the influence of depression severity. Results Over the whole sample, none of the self- or parent-rated BRIEF scales reached a mean score above T > 65, which would indicate clinically impaired functioning. Adolescents tended to report higher impairment in EF than their parents. Depression severity was the strongest predictor for BPF scores, with Emotional Control predicting parent-rated BPF and Inhibit predicting self-rated BPF. Furthermore, the Behavioral Regulation Index, which includes EF closely related to behavioral control, significantly mediated the relationship between depression severity and IED-27 factors emotional dysregulation and relationship difficulties but not non-suicidal self-injuries. Conclusion On average, adolescents with depression show only subtle deficits in executive functioning. However, increased EF deficits are associated with the occurrence of comorbid borderline personality features, contributing to a more severe overall psychopathology. Therefore, training of executive functioning might have a positive effect on psychosocial functioning in severely depressed adolescents, as it might also improve comorbid BPF. Clinical trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03167307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Albermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Emery
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Strumberger
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Erb
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Services St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lars Wöckel
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clienia Littenheid AG, Littenheid, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruno Rhiner
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Thurgau, Weinfelden, Switzerland
| | | | - Silke Bachmann
- University Clinic of the Martin-Luther University Halle – Wittenberg’s Medical Faculty, Halle, Germany
- Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Häberling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sonuga-Barke EJS, Becker SP, Bölte S, Castellanos FX, Franke B, Newcorn JH, Nigg JT, Rohde LA, Simonoff E. Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:506-532. [PMID: 36220605 PMCID: PMC10023337 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The science of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal - the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited. In this review, we provide a selective and focused survey of the scientific field of ADHD, providing our personal perspectives on what constitutes the scientific consensus, important new leads to be highlighted, and the key outstanding questions to be addressed going forward. We cover two broad domains - clinical characterization and, risk factors, causal processes and neuro-biological pathways. Part one focuses on the developmental course of ADHD, co-occurring characteristics and conditions, and the functional impact of living with ADHD - including impairment, quality of life, and stigma. In part two, we explore genetic and environmental influences and putative mediating brain processes. In the final section, we reflect on the future of the ADHD construct in the light of cross-cutting scientific themes and recent conceptual reformulations that cast ADHD traits as part of a broader spectrum of neurodivergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King’s College London. UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Stephen P. Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Francisco Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, Brazil
| | - Emily Simonoff
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King’s College London. UK
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4
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The three-year outcome of emotional symptoms in clinically referred youth with ADHD and their relationship to neuropsychological functions. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:72-86. [PMID: 35903554 PMCID: PMC9284941 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Further knowledge is needed regarding long-term outcome of emotional symptoms, and the interplay between these symptoms and neuropsychological functioning in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective We aimed to explore the effect of performance-based neurocognitive functions and parent-rated behavioral executive functioning (EF) on self-rated and parent-rated internalizing symptoms longitudinally in clinically referred youth with ADHD (n = 137; mean age = 12.4 years). We also aimed to examine the change in self-rated emotional symptoms in the ADHD group and a Control group (n = 59; mean age = 11.9 years). Method At baseline, and three years later, parents completed rating scales of their child’s ADHD symptoms (Swanson Nolan Pelham Scale, Version IV – SNAP-IV), emotional symptoms (Five To Fifteen Questionnaire, Strengths, and Difficulties Questionnaire), and EF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function). At the same time, the child completed self-report measures of Anxiety, Depression, and Anger Inventories (the Beck Youth Inventories) and neurocognitive measures (Conner’s Continuous Performance Test, Version II (CPT-II), Working Memory and Processing Speed composites (Wechsler Intelligence Scales). Statistical analyses were linear and logistic mixed models. Results Using longitudinal data, parent- and self-ratings of emotional symptoms were associated with parent-ratings of EF behavior in youth with ADHD. Plan/organizing deficits were associated with Anxiety and Anger over and above other metacognitive subscales, while Emotional Control was related to Anger over and above other behavior regulation subscales. In the ADHD group, Anger symptoms improved across measuring points. When controlling for age, Anxiety, and Depression symptoms were largely stable in both groups, however at higher levels in the ADHD group. The differences in anxiety and depression symptoms across groups decreased over time. Conclusions The current study emphasizes the importance of identification, monitoring, and treatment of emotional symptoms, and behavioral aspects of EF in youth with ADHD.
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5
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Fenesy MC, Lee SS. Childhood ADHD and Executive Functioning: Unique Predictions of Early Adolescent Depression. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:753-770. [PMID: 34862961 PMCID: PMC9130164 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of adolescent depression, identification of its early predictors and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying its individual differences is imperative. Controlling for baseline executive functioning (EF), we tested separate ADHD dimensions (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity) as independent predictors of early adolescent depression, including temporally-ordered causal mediation by academic functioning and social problems, using structural equation modeling. At baseline, participants consisted of 216 children (67% male) ages 6-9 years old with (n = 112) and without (n = 104) ADHD who subsequently completed Wave 2 and 3 follow-ups approximately two and four years later, respectively. Predictors consisted of separate parent and teacher ratings of childhood ADHD and laboratory-based assessments of key EF domains. At Wave 2, parents and teachers completed normed rating scales of youth academic and social functioning; youth completed standardized assessments of academic achievement. At Wave 3, youth self-reported depression. Baseline inattention positively predicted early adolescent depression whereas childhood hyperactivity-impulsivity and EF did not. Neither academic nor social functioning significantly mediated predictions of depression from baseline ADHD and EF. We consider prediction of early adolescent depression from inattention, including directions for future intervention and prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Fenesy
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Box 951563, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Box 951563, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
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Riquin E, Barth M, Le Nerzé T, Pasquini N, Prouteau C, Colin E, Amati Bonneau P, Procaccio V, Van Bogaert P, Duverger P, Bonneau D, Roy A. Neuropsychological Features of Children and Adolescents With Mitochondrial Disorders: A Descriptive Case Series. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:864445. [PMID: 35463509 PMCID: PMC9021957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.864445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial disorders (MD) are metabolic diseases related to genetic mutations in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA that cause dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms are frequently associated with MD in the adult population. The aim of this study is to describe the neuropsychological profile in children and adolescents with MD. METHODS We prospectively recruited a sample of 12 children and adolescents between February 2019 and February 2020 in the Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders of Angers (France). Participants and their parents completed an anamnestic form describing socio-demographic data and completed the WISC-V (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th edition) and the Parent and Teacher forms of the BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function). RESULTS In our sample, the mean IQ (Intellectual Quotient) score was 87.3 ± 25.3. The score ranged from 52 to 120. Concerning executive functions, a significant global clinical complaint was found for parents (six times more than normal) and to a lesser extent, for teachers (among 3 to 4 times more). Levels of intelligence and executive functioning were globally linked in our cohort but dissociation remains a possibility. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that MD can be associated to neuropsychological disorders in children and adolescents, especially regarding the intelligence quotient and the executive function. Our study also highlights the need for regular neuropsychological assessments in individuals with MD and developing brains, such as children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Riquin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, [CHU Angers], INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Magalie Barth
- Department of Genetics, National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Le Nerzé
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Natwin Pasquini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Clement Prouteau
- Department of Genetics, National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Univ Angers, [CHU Angers], INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Department of Genetics, National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati Bonneau
- Department of Genetics, National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Department of Genetics, National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Van Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Duverger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Univ Angers, [CHU Angers], INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Department of Genetics, National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Roy
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France.,Reference Center for Learning Disabilities, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Hébert É, Regueiro S, Bernier A. Investigating the Associations between Family Alliance and Executive Functioning in Middle Childhood. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2021.1956930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Riquin E, Le Nerzé T, Pasquini N, Barth M, Prouteau C, Colin E, Amati Bonneau P, Procaccio V, Van Bogaert P, Duverger P, Bonneau D, Roy A. Psychiatric Symptoms of Children and Adolescents With Mitochondrial Disorders: A Descriptive Case Series. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:685532. [PMID: 34354612 PMCID: PMC8329032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial disorders (MD) are a group of clinically heterogeneous genetic disorders resulting from dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cognitive impairment is a common feature in adults with MD and psychiatric symptoms are associated with MD in up to 70% of the adult population. The aim of this study is to describe the psychiatric profile in children and adolescents with MD by focusing on the description of psychiatric symptoms. Methods: A cohort of 12 children and adolescents was prospectively recruited between February 2019 and February 2020 in the Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders of Angers (France). Participants and their parents completed an anamnestic form to provide socio-demographic data and completed the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Child Depression Inventory, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Conner's Rating Scale to evaluate the inattention/hyperactivity symptoms as well as the Quality of Life scale. Results: Four children (33.3%) were diagnosed with depressive symptoms. With regarding to anxiety, 6 children (50%) reported anxiety issues during the psychiatric interview and 3 children (25%) were suffering from anxiety according to the RCMAS scale. Compared to other children with chronic illnesses, the individuals in our cohort reported a lower overall quality of life score and lower scores in physical and social subscales. Conclusion: Our study shows that MD can lead to psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, in particular anxiety and depression, as well as poor quality of life. This highlights the need for regular psychiatric assessments in individuals with developing brains, such as children and adolescents. We do not, however, have data regarding the neuropsychological profile of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Riquin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
- University Angers, [CHU Angers], LPPL EA4638, Angers, France
- University Angers, [CHU Angers], INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Le Nerzé
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Natwin Pasquini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Magalie Barth
- Department of Genetics and National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Clément Prouteau
- Department of Genetics and National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- University Angers, [CHU Angers], INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Genetics and National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati Bonneau
- Department of Genetics and National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Department of Genetics and National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Van Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Duverger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
- University Angers, [CHU Angers], LPPL EA4638, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- University Angers, [CHU Angers], INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Genetics and National Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Roy
- University Angers, [CHU Angers], LPPL EA4638, Angers, France
- Reference Center for Learning Disabilities, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Byeon J, Choi TY, Won GH, Lee J, Kim JW. A novel quantitative electroencephalography subtype with high alpha power in ADHD: ADHD or misdiagnosed ADHD? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242566. [PMID: 33201920 PMCID: PMC7671485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) subtypes as auxiliary tools to assess Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A total of 74 subjects (58 male and 16 female) were assessed using the Korean version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV and were assigned to one of three groups: ADHD, ADHD-Not Otherwise specified (NOS), and Neurotypical (NT). We measured absolute and relative EEG power in 19 channels and conducted an auditory continuous performance test. We analyzed QEEG according to the frequency range: delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), slow alpha (8–10 Hz), fast alpha (10–13.5 Hz), and beta (13.5–30 Hz). The subjects were then grouped by Ward’s method of cluster analysis using the squared Euclidian distance to measure dissimilarities. We discovered four QEEG clusters, which were characterized by: (a) elevated delta power with less theta activity, (b) elevated slow alpha relative power, (c) elevated theta with deficiencies of alpha and beta relative power, and (d) elevated fast alpha and beta absolute power. The largest proportion of participants in clusters (a) and (c) were from the ADHD group (48% and 47%, respectively). Conversely, group (b) mostly consisted of the participants from the NOS group (59%), while group (d) had the largest proportion of participants from the NT group (62%). These results indicate that children with ADHD does not neurophysiologically constitute a homogenous group. We also identified a new subtype with increased alpha power in addition to those commonly reported in ADHD. Given the QEEG characteristics with increased alpha power, we should consider the possibility that this subtype may be caused by childhood depression. In conclusion, we believe that these QEEG subtypes of ADHD are expected to provide valuable information for accurately diagnosing ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Byeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hui Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Easybrain Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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10
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Riquin E, Duverger P, Cariou C, Barth M, Prouteau C, Van Bogaert P, Bonneau D, Roy A. Neuropsychological and Psychiatric Features of Children and Adolescents Affected With Mitochondrial Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:747. [PMID: 32848925 PMCID: PMC7399331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are a group of clinically heterogeneous genetic disorders that arise as the result of dysfunctional mitochondria. Only few medical articles deal with neuropsychological or psychiatric aspects of MDs. AIM The present article aims to provide a systematic review of neuropsychological and psychiatric aspects of MDs. METHODS In order to identify all studies dealing with psychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of MDs in children and adolescents, we performed a search in the medical literature between April 2009 and April 2019 using PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science and we defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS We found only seven studies that satisfy the inclusion requirements and criteria. The main psychiatric aspects reported in MDs were depressive and behavioral disorders. With regard to the neuropsychological aspects of MDs, developmental analyses showed an overall deterioration and developmental delay. INTERPRETATION Children and adolescents with MDs may present psychiatric symptoms and neuropsychological impairment. A more systematic investigation of psychiatric and neuropsychological features of MDs is needed to foster a better understanding of the phenotype of these diseases and their links with the genotype, which may have significant implications for the developmental trajectories of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Riquin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Angers, France.,Laboratory of Psychology, LPPL EA4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Duverger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratory of Psychology, LPPL EA4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Cindy Cariou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Magalie Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Clément Prouteau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Van Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, Angers, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Roy
- Laboratory of Psychology, LPPL EA4638, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Reference Center for Learning Disabilities, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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11
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Abstract
During the past two decades, it has been amply documented that neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) disproportionately account for burden of illness attributable to chronic non-communicable medical disorders globally. It is also likely that human capital costs attributable to NPDs will disproportionately increase as a consequence of population aging and beneficial risk factor modification of other common and chronic medical disorders (e.g., cardiovascular disease). Notwithstanding the availability of multiple modalities of antidepressant treatment, relatively few studies in psychiatry have primarily sought to determine whether improving cognitive function in MDD improves patient reported outcomes (PROs) and/or is cost effective. The mediational relevance of cognition in MDD potentially extrapolates to all NPDs, indicating that screening for, measuring, preventing, and treating cognitive deficits in psychiatry is not only a primary therapeutic target, but also should be conceptualized as a transdiagnostic domain to be considered regardless of patient age and/or differential diagnosis.
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Fenesy MC, Lee SS. Executive Functioning Mediates Predictions of Youth Academic and Social Development from Parenting Behavior. Dev Neuropsychol 2018; 43:729-750. [PMID: 30299975 PMCID: PMC6391311 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2018.1525384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using multiple mediation with bootstrapping, dimensions of executive functioning (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, set shifting) were tested as mediators of predictions of academic and social outcomes from observed positive and negative parenting in 131 children followed prospectively into early adolescence. Inhibitory control and working memory mediated predictions of academic achievement, whereas inhibitory control meditated predictions of school competence from positive parenting. Additionally, working memory mediated predictions of negative social preference, but not social competence, from positive parenting. Executive functioning did not mediate predictions from negative parenting. The role of parenting in shaping youth outcomes through executive functioning is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Fenesy
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles , CA 90095-1563 , USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles , CA 90095-1563 , USA
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