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Mirhosseini S, Nasiri AF, Khatami F, Mirzaei A, Aghamir SMK, Kolahdouz M. A digital image colorimetry system based on smart devices for immediate and simultaneous determination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2587. [PMID: 38297148 PMCID: PMC10830485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on microplates are frequently utilized for various molecular sensing, disease screening, and nanomedicine applications. Comparing this multi-well plate batched analysis to non-batched or non-standard testing, the diagnosis expenses per patient are drastically reduced. However, the requirement for rather big and pricey readout instruments prevents their application in environments with limited resources, especially in the field. In this work, a handheld cellphone-based colorimetric microplate reader for quick, credible, and novel analysis of digital images of human cancer cell lines at a reasonable price was developed. Using our in-house-developed app, images of the plates are captured and sent to our servers, where they are processed using a machine learning algorithm to produce diagnostic results. Using FDA-approved human epididymis protein of ovary IgG (HE4), prostate cancer cell line (PC3), and bladder cancer cell line (5637) ELISA tests, we successfully examined this mobile platform. The accuracies for the HE4, PC3, and 5637 tests were 93%, 97.5%, and 97.2%, respectively. By contrasting the findings with the measurements made using optical absorption EPOCH microplate readers and optical absorption Tecan microplate readers, this approach was found to be accurate and effective. As a result, digital image colorimetry on smart devices offered a practical, user-friendly, affordable, precise, and effective method for quickly identifying human cancer cell lines. Thus, healthcare providers might use this portable device to carry out high-throughput illness screening, epidemiological investigations or monitor vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Mirhosseini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryanaz Faghih Nasiri
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Mirzaei
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Kolahdouz
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Wang C, Wu Z, Liu B, Zhang P, Lu J, Li J, Zou P, Li T, Fu Y, Chen R, Zhang L, Fu Q, Li C. Track-etched membrane microplate and smartphone immunosensing for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113550. [PMID: 34391066 PMCID: PMC8349359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The level of neutralizing antibody (NAb) to SARS-CoV-2 could be used to evaluate the acquired protective immunity of COVID-19 patients or vaccinees. Here we develop a track-etched microporous membrane filtration microplate (TEM) and optical fibers transmitted immunosensing smartphone platform (TEMFIS) based surrogate virus neutralization test (TEMFIS-sVNT) for rapid one-step testing of NAb to SARS-CoV-2. Coefficient variation (CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay precisions of TEMFIS-sVNT varied below 9% or 14%, respectively. By agreement with pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) and ELISA-sVNT for testing of serum samples from 41 COVID-19 patients, 50 COVID-19 vaccinees and 320 healthy blood donors (P = 0.895), TEMFIS-sVNT detected the NAb positivity (sensitivity) in 92.68% COVID-19 patients and 76% vaccinees, but the NAb negativity (specificity) in 100% blood donors. In conclusion, TEMFIS-sVNT can be used for quantitatively point-of-care testing of neutralizing antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples from COVID-19 patients and vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bochao Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Bai Rui Kang (BRK) Biological Science and Technology Limited Company, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panli Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruiai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Wang LJ, Sun R, Vasile T, Chang YC, Li L. High-Throughput Optical Sensing Immunoassays on Smartphone. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8302-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ju Wang
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Rongrong Sun
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Tina Vasile
- Irrigated
Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington 99350, United States
| | - Yu-Chung Chang
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Lei Li
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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4
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Berg B, Cortazar B, Tseng D, Ozkan H, Feng S, Wei Q, Chan RYL, Burbano J, Farooqui Q, Lewinski M, Di Carlo D, Garner OB, Ozcan A. Cellphone-Based Hand-Held Microplate Reader for Point-of-Care Testing of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7857-66. [PMID: 26159546 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Standard microplate based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are widely utilized for various nanomedicine, molecular sensing, and disease screening applications, and this multiwell plate batched analysis dramatically reduces diagnosis costs per patient compared to nonbatched or nonstandard tests. However, their use in resource-limited and field-settings is inhibited by the necessity for relatively large and expensive readout instruments. To mitigate this problem, we created a hand-held and cost-effective cellphone-based colorimetric microplate reader, which uses a 3D-printed opto-mechanical attachment to hold and illuminate a 96-well plate using a light-emitting-diode (LED) array. This LED light is transmitted through each well, and is then collected via 96 individual optical fibers. Captured images of this fiber-bundle are transmitted to our servers through a custom-designed app for processing using a machine learning algorithm, yielding diagnostic results, which are delivered to the user within ∼1 min per 96-well plate, and are visualized using the same app. We successfully tested this mobile platform in a clinical microbiology laboratory using FDA-approved mumps IgG, measles IgG, and herpes simplex virus IgG (HSV-1 and HSV-2) ELISA tests using a total of 567 and 571 patient samples for training and blind testing, respectively, and achieved an accuracy of 99.6%, 98.6%, 99.4%, and 99.4% for mumps, measles, HSV-1, and HSV-2 tests, respectively. This cost-effective and hand-held platform could assist health-care professionals to perform high-throughput disease screening or tracking of vaccination campaigns at the point-of-care, even in resource-poor and field-settings. Also, its intrinsic wireless connectivity can serve epidemiological studies, generating spatiotemporal maps of disease prevalence and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Berg
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bingen Cortazar
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haydar Ozkan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University , Istanbul 34445, Turkey
| | - Steve Feng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Raymond Yan-Lok Chan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jordi Burbano
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qamar Farooqui
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael Lewinski
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. , Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Impacts of different promoters on the mammalian one-hybrid assay for detecting nuclear receptor agonists. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:1721-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Image-based screening (IBS) has proven itself with whole-well assays in which throughput and assay miniaturization are priorities. Recent interest, however, has centered upon the use of automated imaging technology to conduct assays at subcellular resolution. These in vitro assays have the potential to increase lead quality at early stages in drug discovery. Subcellular IBS is not yet mature and, although some assays provide reliable data at reasonable throughput, many others have yet to demonstrate robust application. Developments in image acquisition, analysis and informatics technologies are ongoing and are expected to broaden the usefulness of subcellular IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ramm
- Invicta Research Inc., 290 Riverview Boulevard, St Catharines, ON L2T 3N4, Canada.
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7
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Peppard J, Pham Q, Clark A, Farley D, Sakane Y, Graves R, George J, Norey C. Development of an Assay Suitable for High-Throughput Screening to Measure Matrix Metalloprotease Activity. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2003; 1:425-33. [PMID: 15090179 DOI: 10.1089/154065803322163731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MMPs, part of a family of enzymes with >35 known members, play an important role in tissue remodeling and repair, in the biology of neoplasia, and during development. Hydroxamic and carboxylic acid inhibitors of these proteases have long been available, but their specificities are poor and there still exists a desire to find novel chemical structures, which could be modified to optimize specificity and biocompatibility. Established methods for measuring MMP activity are based on the cleavage of MCA-PLGL-A2pr(DNP)-AR, which provides a prompt fluorescent signal when cleaved; however, its absorption/emission properties (325/400 nm) are not best suited for HTS assays. We describe an HTS-compatible method using the peptide substrate PLGLAARK, labeled at N- and C-termini with CyDye fluors Cy3 and Cy5Q, respectively, which is cleavable by MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13. HTS assays for MMP-13 and MMP-9 inhibitors were set up in approximately 20 microl in 384-well plates as a prompt fluorescence readout (excitation/emission = 540/570 nm) using the LEADseeker homogenous imaging system. These assays yielded IC(50) values comparable to standard methods, but with a faster, very sensitive, and normalized readout, thus conserving compound, enzyme (approximately 1.5 ng/well), and time (20 s read/plate). Data quality (Z' approximately 0.9) was such that hit-picking to -25% change in primary screening could be performed with confidence, and the subsequent rate of confirmation and validation in IC(50) determinations of the picked compounds was >60%. Parallel screening of related proteases also permitted immediate specificity comparisons, including evaluation of inactive or weakly active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Peppard
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Summit, NJ 08807-0800, USA.
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8
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Starkey DE, Han A, Bao JJ, Ahn CH, Wehmeyer KR, Prenger MC, Halsall HB, Heineman WR. Fluorogenic assay for beta-glucuronidase using microchip-based capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 762:33-41. [PMID: 11589456 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used with a model enzyme assay to demonstrate its potential application to combinatorial drug screening. Hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase of the conjugated glucuronide, fluorescein mono-beta-D-glucuronide (FMG), liberated the fluorescent product, fluorescein. FMG and fluorescein were detected by fluorescence, with excitation and emission at 480 and 520 nm, respectively. Microchip CE was used to separate FMG and fluorescein. Fluorescein production was monitored to assess beta-glucuronidase activity. Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics analysis yielded the Km value. The results were compared with those from experiments done by conventional CE. The Km value for beta-glucuronidase with FMG is being reported for the first time as 18 microM. The inhibition of beta-glucuronidase by the competitive inhibitor D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone (SL) was also determined using microchip CE. Reactions were done with various concentrations of inhibitor and constant beta-glucuronidase and FMG concentrations. A dose-response plot was acquired and the IC50 value for SL was determined to be 3 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Starkey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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9
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Kariv I, Cao H, Marvil PD, Bobkova EV, Bukhtiyarov YE, Yan YP, Patel U, Coudurier L, Chung TD, Oldenburg KR. Identification of inhibitors of bacterial transcription/translation machinery utilizing a miniaturized 1536-well format screen. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2001; 6:233-43. [PMID: 11689123 DOI: 10.1177/108705710100600405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This report presents the miniaturization of a HTS screen to identify inhibitors of prokaryotic transcription-translation in a 1536-well format. The in vitro assay design utilized the bacterial expression machinery to drive expression of a firefly luciferase reporter gene, which was read as an endpoint luminesence measurement. This multicomponent system permits identification of inhibitors at different steps in this pathway. Successful miniaturization required integration of homogeneous assay formats, robust liquid-handling workstations, and second-generation imaging systems. Comparison of data from a triplicate 1536-well screen of a subset of a target library that had been previously validated and followed up for hit confirmation in a 384-well plate format confirmed that triplicate screening yields data of higher confidence and quality, eliminates the time-consuming and potentially error-prone step of cherry-picking, and reduces the number of false positives and negatives. The substantial savings of reagents and reduction of the numbers of plates to process obtained in a 1536-well format as compared to a 384-well format allowed a full triplicate evaluation of the entire library of 183,000 compounds at lower cost and in less time. The triplicate-screen statistics are consistent with a highly reliable data set with a coefficient of variation of 14.8% and Z' and Z values of 0.57 and 0.25, respectively. This screen resulted in the identification of 1,149 hits (0.63% hit rate), representing a compound population at 2.5 standard deviations from the mean cutoff. Furthermore, the data demonstrate good agreement between IC(50) values derived for this assay in a 1536-well format and 384-well format.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kariv
- Leads Discovery Department, Dupont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.
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10
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Ferry G, Boutin JA. High-capacity screening of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2000; 5:361-8. [PMID: 11080695 DOI: 10.1177/108705710000500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systematic screening is a natural development of any pharmacological program. Most enzyme inhibitor screens use indirect or "aspecific" methods, such as colorimetric or fluorimetric ones. These screening methods cause quite a few false-positive and false-negative hits. In order to limit these as much as possible, we developed a methodology using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system for the medium throughput screening of serotonin N-acetyltransferase inhibitors. The core of this screening system is (1) the dramatic shortening of the analytical time down to 100 s per run by using a high-performance analytical column (Turbo), and (2) the use of absorption as opposed to radioactivity for detection of the product of the reaction (N-acetylserotonin). This system permits the analysis of about 1,000 compounds per day to be performed with a single HPLC system. This enzymatic system was taken as an example, because the methodology can be extended to many other enzymes, particularly transferases, phosphatases, and kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferry
- Division de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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11
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Martinez A, Gil C, Perez C, Castro A, Prieto C, Otero J, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Nonnucleoside human cytomegalovirus inhibitors: synthesis and antiviral evaluation of (chlorophenylmethyl)benzothiadiazine dioxide derivatives. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3267-73. [PMID: 10966745 DOI: 10.1021/jm000118q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A second generation of benzothiadiazine dioxide (BTD) derivatives was synthesized employing benzylation reactions mainly. The chlorophenylmethyl BTD derivatives showed activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with IC(50) values ranging from 3 to 10 microM. Their 50% cytotoxic concentrations were often >200 microM to lung fibroblast HEL cell proliferation and between 20 and 35 microM for lymphocyte CME cell growth. When cytotoxicity for cell morphology was considered, the minimum cytotoxic concentration for the different BTD derivatives varied between 5 and 200 microM. Some of the anti-HCMV compounds also showed activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. The chlorophenylmethyl derivative 21 was active against a variety of HCMV clinical isolates from patients with different clinical manifestations and fully maintained its activity against a ganciclovir-resistant HCMV strain. The dibenzyl BTD derivatives did not inhibit HCMV protease, and preliminary pharmacological experiments revealed that their anti-HCMV action stems from interference with an early stage of the viral replicative cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Abstract
New technologies in high-throughput screening have significantly increased throughput and reduced assay volumes. Key advances over the past few years include new fluorescence methods, detection platforms and liquid-handling technologies. Screening 100,000 samples per day in miniaturized assay volumes will soon become routine. Furthermore, new technologies are now being applied to information-rich cell-based assays, and this is beginning to remove one of the key bottlenecks downstream from primary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hertzberg
- Molecular Screening Technologies, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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13
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Abstract
The main interests in the development of new combinatorial assays are the reduction of time for screening and an increase in the number of samples measured in parallel. The variety of detection methods is increasing, but the optimal one has not yet been determined. In the past two years, the first parallel detection methods for non-labelled compounds have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gauglitz
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Haupts U, Rüdiger M, Pope AJ. Macroscopic versus microscopic fluorescence techniques in (ultra)-high-throughput screening. Drug Discov Today 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(00)01481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Dunn D, Orlowski M, McCoy P, Gastgeb F, Appell K, Ozgur L, Webb M, Burbaum J. Ultra-high throughput screen of two-million-member combinatorial compound collection in a miniaturized, 1536-well assay format. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2000; 5:177-88. [PMID: 10894761 DOI: 10.1177/108705710000500310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Results of a complete survey of the more than 2-million-member Pharmacopeia compound collection in a 1536-well microvolume screening assay format are reported. A complete technology platform, enabling the performance of ultra-high throughput screening in a miniaturized 1536-well assay format, has been assembled and utilized. The platform consists of tools for performing microvolume assays, including assay plates, liquid handlers, optical imagers, and data management software. A fluorogenic screening assay for inhibition of a protease enzyme target was designed and developed using this platform. The assay was used to perform a survey screen of the Pharmacopeia compound collection for active inhibitors of the target enzyme. The results from the survey demonstrate the successful implementation of the ultra-high throughout platform for routine screening purposes. Performance of the assay in the miniaturized format is equivalent to that of a standard 96-well assay, showing the same dependence on kinetic parameters and ability to measure enzyme inhibition. The survey screen identified an active class of compounds within the Pharmacopeia compound collection. These results were confirmed using a standard 96-well assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dunn
- Pharmacopeia, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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16
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Li Z, Mehdi S, Patel I, Kawooya J, Judkins M, Zhang W, Diener K, Lozada A, Dunnington D. An ultra-high throughput screening approach for an adenine transferase using fluorescence polarization. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2000; 5:31-8. [PMID: 10841598 DOI: 10.1177/108705710000500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel assay for measuring the activity of an enzyme that transfers multiple adenine-containing groups to an acceptor protein. The assay is based on fluorescence polarization (FP) technology in a 1536-well plate format. In the assay, a long wavelength fluorescence tracer, Texas Red (Rhodamine), was covalently conjugated to adenine of the donor substrate through a C(6) spacer arm. As a result of the transfer of the adenine-containing moieties to the acceptor protein substrate, the rotational correlation time of the Texas Red conjugate increased, hence increasing the degree of fluorescence polarization. The pharmacological profile and kinetics of the enzyme measured according to the FP method were consistent with those determined previously by conventional analysis. We have successfully executed a 250,000-compound high throughput screening program based on the FP assay method. The quality and validity of the assay were verified by a variety of statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Profiling and Screening Department, Aventis Pharma, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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17
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Sundberg SA. High-throughput and ultra-high-throughput screening: solution- and cell-based approaches. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2000; 11:47-53. [PMID: 10679349 DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The trend towards assay miniaturization for high-throughput and ultra-high-throughput screening continues to spur development of homogeneous, fluorescence-based assays in higher density, smaller volume microplate formats. Recently, first-generation microfluidic devices have been designed for performing continuous-flow biochemical and cell-based assays. These devices provide orders-of-magnitude reduction in reagent consumption, and offer the potential for implementing high-throughput screening in formats that integrate up-front compound handling with unique assay functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Sundberg
- Caliper Technologies Corporation, CA 94043, USA. steve.
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