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Krause LR, Li E, Lilly ML, Byron J, Cooper E, Quimby J. Survey of veterinarians in the USA to evaluate trends in the treatment approach for non-obstructive feline idiopathic cystitis. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241260716. [PMID: 39163476 PMCID: PMC11418619 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241260716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to gather information on treatment approaches and trends for the treatment of non-obstructive feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). METHODS An internet-based survey of veterinarians was conducted focusing on outpatient treatment approaches for cats that are stable, not obstructed and that exhibit lower urinary signs suspected to be due to FIC, where other causes (eg, urolithiasis, urinary tract infection, other) have been ruled out. RESULTS A total of 606 veterinarians submitted complete surveys for inclusion. Respondents reported that when obtaining patient histories, in ⩾75% of client interactions they gathered information about feline stressors (542/606, 89%), resource set-up (eg, number of litter boxes; 466/606, 77%) and diet (552/606, 91%). Only 31% (187/606) of respondents reported that they gathered information about daily human/cat interaction in ⩾75% of client interactions, with 69% (419/606) of veterinarians inquiring about this information 50% of the time or less. Top treatments selected for acute presentations of FIC were analgesics (537/606, 89%), modified litter box management (435/606, 72%) and synthetic feline pheromones (422/606, 70%). Top treatments selected for chronic FIC management were prescription diets (519/606, 86%), modified litter box management (508/606, 84%) and environmental enhancements (493/606, 81%). Challenges with owner compliance and expectations were selected as barriers to achieving a positive treatment outcome by 81% (486/599) and 62% (372/599) of respondents, respectively. Rehoming or euthanasia were recommended by 37% (224/606) and 10% (59/606) of veterinarians, respectively, due to difficulties managing FIC. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The treatment approach for non-obstructive FIC appears to be multimodal and recommendations vary between acute and chronic presentations. An area of opportunity is client communication and education, which may improve owner compliance and help set appropriate expectations. The importance of human/cat interaction as a management strategy appears under-emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel R Krause
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emma Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Leanne Lilly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie Byron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edward Cooper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Westropp JL, Stella JL, Buffington CAT. Interstitial cystitis-an imbalance of risk and protective factors? FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1405488. [PMID: 38784787 PMCID: PMC11112028 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1405488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) presents as a chronic pain condition with variable combinations of symptoms depending on the species and individual patient. It is diagnosed by the presence of lower urinary tract signs and symptoms in combination with a variety of comorbid health problems, a history of life adversities, and the absence of other conditions that could cause the lower urinary tract signs. IC occurs naturally in humans and cats as a dimensional condition, with patients presenting with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Most patients appear to recover without specific treatment. A number of rodent models of IC have been used to study its causes and treatments. Unfortunately, current therapies generally fail to ameliorate IC symptoms long-term. The recent classification of IC as a chronic primary pain disorder calls for a rethinking of current clinical and research approaches to it. Beginning when a patient encounters a clinician, precipitating, perpetuating, and palliating risk factors can be addressed until a cause or reliably effective therapy is identified, and identifying predisposing and preventive factors can inform epidemiological studies and health promotion interventions. Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating risk factors, including environmental, psychological, and biological, increase the activity of the central threat response system (CTRS), which plays a clinically important role in IC symptoms. Studies in cats and rodent models have revealed that environmental enrichment (EE), in the absence of bladder-directed therapies, leads to amelioration of IC symptoms, implying a central role for the CTRS in symptom precipitation and perpetuation. Conceptually moving the source of IC pain to the brain as a motivational state rather than one resulting from peripheral nociceptive input offers both clinicians and researchers novel opportunities to improve care for patients with IC and for researchers to use more ecologically valid rodent models. It may even be that IC results from an excess of risk to protective factors, making this imbalance a targetable cause rather than a consequence of IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L. Westropp
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Judith L. Stella
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, W. Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - C. A. Tony Buffington
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
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Yun CS, Moon BY, Lee K, Kang SM, Ku BK, Hwang MH. The detection and phylogenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, and Giardia duodenalis of cats in South Korea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296118. [PMID: 38029266 PMCID: PMC10663360 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, and Giardia duodenalis are gastrointestinal protozoa parasites that cause diarrhea in various animals. However, information regarding the detection and phylogenetic characterization of gastrointestinal protozoa parasites in cats is limited throughout South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the detection and identify subspecies of gastrointestinal protozoa parasites in cats from South Korea. Methods A total of 290 fecal samples were collected from stray, companion, and shelter cats in six provinces. Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, and G. duodenalis were identified by PCR. All positive samples were subtyped by PCR and sequencing of gp60, ITS-1, tpi, bg, and gdh. Results The overall detection of gastrointestinal protozoan parasitic infection was 17.93%. G. duodenalis was the most prevalent, with 7.93%, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (7.24%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (4.48%). In addition, C. felis (n=10), C. parvum (n=2), C. ryanae (n=1), Cystoisospora felis (n=14), Cystoisospora suis (n=5), Cystoisospora ohioensis (n=1), Cystoisospora spp. were identified in subspecies analysis of positive samples. C. felis showed a significant association with diarrhea (7.81%) and living condition (6.04%), and Cystoisospora felis in diarreha (9.38%) according to detection. Through phylogenetic analysis of the tpi, bg, and gdh genes from 23 G. duodenalispositive samples, it was confirmed that the samples of present study belonged to assemblage A, B, C, and D. Discussion South Korean cats have a high rate of gastrointestinal protozoan parasites infection with cat-specific Cryptosporidium and Cystoisospora, which are associated with living conditions and diarrhea symptoms. Moreover, zoonotic and other animal-specific subtype of protozoan parasites have been detected in cat feces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mi-Hye Hwang
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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Croney C, Udell M, Delgado M, Ekenstedt K, Shoveller AK. CATastrophic myths part 1: Common misconceptions about the social behavior of domestic cats and implications for their health, welfare, and management. Vet J 2023; 300-302:106028. [PMID: 37683761 PMCID: PMC10841747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cats are among the most popular pets worldwide, but there are still major gaps in the public's general understanding of their social behaviors and related needs, including for socialization. In addition to these knowledge gaps, people often have negative or ambivalent attitudes about cats, which can directly impact their welfare outcomes. Insufficient attention to the behavioral ecology and development of cat sociality, along with failure to account for their highly variable individual preferences and tolerance for social behaviors can lead them to experience distress that undermines both their welfare and the human-animal bond. As Part 1 of a two-part series addressing common myths about cats, the purpose of this first paper is to review and debunk common misperceptions about the social needs and behaviors of cats, including misunderstandings about their social lives and abilities to bond with humans. We also identify where opportunities exist to improve socialization of cats and to advance research in related areas that might better support their behavior and welfare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Croney
- Center for Animal Welfare Science, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Monique Udell
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 2921 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Kari Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Anna Kate Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Park J, Kang S, Lee E, Seo K. Prevalence of feline ophthalmic disorders in South Korea: a retrospective study (2009-2021). J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231151478. [PMID: 36779421 PMCID: PMC10812074 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231151478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of ocular diseases in cats in South Korea. METHODS Medical records of cats that were presented for ophthalmology services at Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 2009 and 2021 were reviewed. Collected data included patient signalment, clinical signs, diagnosed ophthalmic disorders and affected eyes. Odds ratios were calculated when a variable was over-represented. RESULTS This study recorded a total of 358 eyes (180 cats). Domestic shorthair (DSH) was the most common breed (42.2%), followed by Persian (13.9%) and Scottish Fold (8.3%); 14 (35.6%) other breeds were recorded. The median age at the first presentation was 3 years (range 2 months to 17 years); the highest percentage of cats presented at <1 year (21.7%). The most affected ocular structure was the cornea (28.5%), followed by the lens (19.9%) and uvea (15.3%). The most frequently reported disorders were corneal ulceration (13.2%), uveitis (11.9%), incipient cataract (11.0%), keratitis (5.4%), secondary glaucoma (5.2%) and sequestrum (4.2%). The Exotic Shorthair breed was significantly over-represented with regard to entropion and periorbital fat prolapse (P <0.01). The DSH breed was significantly over-represented with regard to eyelid agenesis (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides prevalence information for feline ophthalmic diseases and could contribute important data for diagnosing, treating and preventing feline ophthalmic diseases in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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He C, Fan K, Hao Z, Tang N, Li G, Wang S. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Potential Biomarkers and Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: An Update Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:900847. [PMID: 35812890 PMCID: PMC9257190 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.900847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline idiopathic cystitis is a widespread disease in small animal clinics, which mainly presents with urinary signs like dysuria, stranguria, hematuria, pollakiuria, and periuria. The etiopathogenesis of the disease may involve interactions between the environmental stressors, neuroendocrine system and bladder of affected cats. Diagnostic biomarkers have not been tested in clinical studies though they are theoretically feasible, and since the clinical signs of the disease assemble those of other feline lower urinary diseases, its diagnosis is a procedure of exclusion. The primary treatment of the disease is long-term multimodal environmental modification (or enrichment) while anti-anxiety drugs and nutritional supplements are recommended for chronic recurrent cases. Still, many medicines need to be evaluated for their efficacy and safety. This review aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of feline idiopathic cystitis by summarizing and updating studies concerning the prevalence, risk factors, etiological hypotheses, diagnostic procedures, possible treatments, and prognosis of the disease.
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H. H, Reem RT, Farag HS. Diagnostic and epidemiological studies on obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) with special reference to anatomical findings in Egyptian tomcats. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common urinary problem facing small animal veterinarians all over the world. There are few data about the occurrence and prevalence of this condition among tomcats in Egypt, especially regarding obstructive FLUTD. Urethral obstruction was more prevalent in the Persian breed, 2-3 years old intact tomcats kept mostly on dry food with occasional access to water. This affection occurred more commonly in winter months and especially in case of aggression and stress between tomcats. Physical, haematobiochemical evaluation and urinalysis were performed for cases with obstructive FLUTD. The anatomical analysis of the urethral anatomy of tomcats revealed that the most susceptible parts of urethra for obstructions were at the prostatic and the membranous urethra, isthmus urethrae and the penile urethra. Also, anatomical data were very helpful during treatment with catheterisation. The present study throwed a light on the diagnostic evaluation and epidemiology of the obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease among tomcats at the Small animal hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. H.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - R. T. Reem
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - H. S. Farag
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Astuty ATJE, Tjahajati I, Nugroho WS. Detection of feline idiopathic cystitis as the cause of feline lower urinary tract disease in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. Vet World 2020; 13:1108-1112. [PMID: 32801561 PMCID: PMC7396328 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1108-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is one of the common cat diseases. The aim of this study was to detect feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) as a cause of FLUTD in Sleman Regency, which is a problem in the population. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three cats with FLUTD symptoms were used from seven veterinary practices in Sleman Regency. The logging of each cat’s medical history, clinical examination, urinalysis, routine blood screening, and ultrasonography was conducted to diagnose the cause of FLUTD. Results: The percentages of diseases causing FLUTD included FIC 21.9%, urolithiasis 57.5%, urinary tract infection (UTI) 16.4%, neoplasia 1.4%, trauma 1.4%, and nervous disorders 1.4%. Conclusion: FIC, one of the causes of FLUTD, is found in cats and has become a problem among the cat population in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Various handling and preventive efforts should be undertaken against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Tri Julyana Eka Astuty
- Graduate Program of Sain Veteriner, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ida Tjahajati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widagdo Sri Nugroho
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Piyarungsri K, Tangtrongsup S, Thitaram N, Lekklar P, Kittinuntasilp A. Prevalence and risk factors of feline lower urinary tract disease in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Sci Rep 2020; 10:196. [PMID: 31932653 PMCID: PMC6957472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common problem in cats. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence, clinical signs, and causes of FLUTD and the risk factors for FLUTD. The medical records of 3486 cats visiting Chiang Mai University Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) between November 2016 and October 2017 were reviewed. An age-matched case-control study was performed to determine the risk factors for FLUTD by comparing 78 cats with FLUTD and 78 clinically normal age-matched cats. For each animal, potential risk data were obtained from medical records and cat owner interviews; these were analysed for associations with FLUTD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios and to adjust for expected confounding factors. The prevalence of FLUTD in cats visiting the Chiang Mai University Veterinary Teaching Hospital was 2.2%. The most common clinical signs identified were urethral obstruction (55.1%) and haematuria (23.1%). The most common diagnoses were feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (57.7%) and urolithiasis (struvite) (18%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated that FLUTD was most likely to be diagnosed in castrated male cats. FIC and urolithiasis were the most common diagnoses in cats with FLUTD, and male sex and castration increased the risk of FLUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakanang Piyarungsri
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 155 Mae Hia, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. .,Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
| | - Sahatchai Tangtrongsup
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 155 Mae Hia, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.,Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Niyada Thitaram
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 155 Mae Hia, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Phatthamaporn Lekklar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 155 Mae Hia, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Atiratt Kittinuntasilp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 155 Mae Hia, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
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Nivy R, Segev G, Rimer D, Bruchim Y, Aroch I, Mazaki-Tovi M. A prospective randomized study of efficacy of 2 treatment protocols in preventing recurrence of clinical signs in 51 male cats with obstructive idiopathic cystitis. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2117-2123. [PMID: 31400046 PMCID: PMC6766499 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urethral obstruction (UO) is a common complication of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). Robust treatment recommendations to prevent its recurrence are scarce. Objectives To evaluate meloxicam treatment for prevention of clinical recrudescence in male cats with obstructive FIC. Animals Fifty‐one client‐owned cats. Methods Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Every male cat with FIC‐associated UO was deemed eligible for the study and was recruited during hospitalization. After discharge, cats were treated with phenoxybenzamine and alprazolam for 2 weeks, with (24 cats) or without (27 cats) low‐dose meloxicam (0.025 mg/kg/day PO) and monitored for 6 months. Results Cumulative number (%) of cats with recurrent UO at 10 days, 1‐, 2‐, and 6‐months after discharge was 1 (2%), 2 (4%), 4 (8%), and 8 (16%), respectively. Overall, 12 (24%) cats experienced signs of recurrent FIC within 6 months, with (8 cats) or without (4 cats) concurrent UO. No difference in the cumulative incidence of UO within 6 months was detected with addition of meloxicam (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.63 [0.13‐2.97]; P = .70). All cats were alive at 6 months. Conclusions and Clinical Importance No clinical benefit was detected with the addition of low‐dose meloxicam to phenoxybenzamine and alprazolam treatment for 2 weeks after discharge. Nevertheless, this study was underpowered to identify potential differences, and its findings must be corroborated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dar Rimer
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaron Bruchim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Lund HS, Eggertsdóttir AV. Recurrent episodes of feline lower urinary tract disease with different causes: possible clinical implications. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:590-594. [PMID: 29943625 PMCID: PMC10814530 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18783839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY While descriptions of cats with recurrent episodes of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) exist, little is published on cats with recurrent episodes of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) where the cat is diagnosed with different causes of FLUTD at separate episodes. In the present paper, six cats, originally part of larger studies of FLUTD among Norwegian cats, are described. In the project period (2003-2009), these cats had several episodes of FLUTD. At each episode, the cats had a complete physical examination, abdominal imaging, blood work, urinalysis and urine culture performed. Two of the cats initially presented with urolithiasis and subsequently with episodes of non-obstructed FIC. Four of the cats presented with non-obstructed FIC at one or more episodes, but were later diagnosed with urolithiasis or bacterial cystitis without prior catheterisation or other known predisposing factors. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Cats with recurrent episodes of FLUTD may present with different causes at different times. The need to thoroughly work-up cats with recurrent episodes of FLUTD at each presentation is emphasised. FIC may be considered as a predisposing factor in cats developing urolithiasis or bacterial cystitis; alternatively, interrelated FLUTD disease mechanisms exists. Thus, applying multimodal environmental enrichment and modification (MEMO) to cats with signs of FLUTD independent of diagnosis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi S Lund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna V Eggertsdóttir
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Westropp JL, Delgado M, Buffington CAT. Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Signs in Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:187-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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