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Rachapudi SS, Charoenkijkajorn C, Pakravan M, Lee AG. Prothrombin 20210A mutation in acute posterior cerebral artery infarction and branch retinal vein occlusion. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 58:e259-e262. [PMID: 37545047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew G Lee
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA.
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Zou Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ji X, Liu Y, Zhao S. Genetic correlation between Prothrombin G20210A polymorphism and retinal vein occlusion risk. Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e8217. [PMID: 30970085 PMCID: PMC6459468 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform an updated meta-analysis to quantitatively investigate the association between G20210A polymorphism of Prothrombin gene and the risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), based on the available publications with inconsistent results. We utilized the Stata software to perform the heterogeneity test, association test, Begg's and Egger's tests, and sensitivity analysis. We searched three on-line databases (PubMed, Embase, and WOS) and obtained a total of 422 articles. Based on our selection criteria, 24 case-control studies were finally enrolled in this overall meta-analysis; a subgroup analysis by the factors ethnicity, control source, and RVO type was done. Through the association test of overall meta-analysis, we did not observe a significant difference between RVO cases and controls under the A vs G (allele) (z=1.49, P=0.137), A vs G (carrier) (z=1.42, P =0.155), GA vs GG (z=1.50, P=0.135), and GA+AA vs GG (z=1.50, P=0.135). Furthermore, we observed similar negative results in the association test of subgroup analysis (all P>0.05). Heterogeneity, Begg's, and Egger's tests excluded the presence of high heterogeneity and publication bias. Statistically stable results were observed in the sensitivity analyses. Based on integrated analysis of the current evidence, Prothrombin gene G20210A polymorphism is likely unrelated to the risk of RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zou
- Department of Refraction and Cornea, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Ji
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Department of Refraction and Cornea, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zou Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ji X, Liu Y. Factor V G1691A is associated with an increased risk of retinal vein occlusion: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75467-75477. [PMID: 29088882 PMCID: PMC5650437 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the Factor V G1691A polymorphism and the risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). This analysis included 37 studies involving 2,510 cases and 3,466 controls. Factor V G1691A was associated with an increased risk of RVO in the allele, heterozygote, dominant, and carrier models (PA < 0.001, odds ratios >1), but not the homozygote or recessive models (PA > 0.05). Similar results were observed in a meta-analysis of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and when comparing Caucasian subgroups to population-based controls. These data demonstrate that the G/A genotype of Factor V G1691A is associated with an increased risk of RVO/CRVO in a Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zou
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 061001, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 061001, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 061001, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangning Ji
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 061001, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 061001, Cangzhou, PR China
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Koylu MT, Kucukevcilioglu M, Erdurman FC, Durukan AH, Sobacı G, Torun D, Tunca Y, Ayyildiz O. Association of retinal vein occlusion, homocysteine, and the thrombophilic mutations in a Turkish population: A case-control study. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:352-356. [PMID: 28085519 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1235716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare homocysteine and thrombophilic mutations for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, factor V Leiden, and prothrombin G20210A between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and healthy controls in a Turkish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine subjects with RVO were compared for homocysteine status and the MTHFR C677T, prothrombin G20210A, and factor V Leiden mutations with those of 68 healthy controls. Then, the groups were subdivided into two subgroups according to age (less than 50 years old, equal to or more than 50 years old) and were further compared. RESULTS Mean plasma level of homocysteine was similar, but the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly higher in the RVO group when compared with the control group (22.5% and 8.8%, respectively, p = 0.037). The frequency of all thrombophilic mutations was similar between the groups (p > 0.05). The frequency of all thrombophilic mutations and homocysteine levels was also similar between age subgroups (p > 0.05). Only hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly different between subgroups (p = 0.037); the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly different in RVO patients less than 50 years old (22.7%) from that in healthy controls less than 50 years old (11.1%). Two RVO patients (4.1%) with bilateral involvement had MTHFR C677T mutation. CONCLUSIONS Screening for thrombophilic mutations such as MTHFR C677T, factor V Leiden, and prothrombin G20210A in RVO patients at all ages seems to be unnecessary and not cost-effective. However, thrombophilic disorders should be screened selectively, focusing on young individuals, especially with bilateral involvement, without additional cardiovascular risk factors, or a family history of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Talay Koylu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Gulhane Military Medicine Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | | | - Ali Hakan Durukan
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Gulhane Military Medicine Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gungor Sobacı
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Gulhane Military Medicine Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Deniz Torun
- b Department of Genetics , Gulhane Military Medicine Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tunca
- b Department of Genetics , Gulhane Military Medicine Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Onder Ayyildiz
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Gulhane Military Medicine Academy , Ankara , Turkey
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Dixon SG, Bruce CT, Glueck CJ, Sisk RA, Hutchins RK, Jetty V, Wang P. Retinal vascular occlusion: a window to diagnosis of familial and acquired thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis, with important ramifications for pregnancy outcomes. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:1479-86. [PMID: 27563233 PMCID: PMC4984829 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Our specific aim was to document the pathoetiologic importance of thrombophilia among females presenting with severe ischemic retinal vein (RVO) or retinal artery (RAO) occlusion, without typical risk factors, and to emphasize that the ophthalmologists’ diagnosis of thrombophilia has important diagnostic and therapeutic downstream ramifications for nonocular thrombosis, including reproductive outcomes. Methods We evaluated familial and acquired thrombophilia in 60 females with RVO (central RVO, n=52; branch RVO, n=8) and 16 with RAO (central RAO, n=11; branch RAO, n=5). They were referred by retinologists, without typical risk factors for RVO/RAO and/or severe ocular ischemic presentation. We focused on extraocular thrombotic events, particularly pregnancy complications, including unexplained spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia–eclampsia. Thrombophilia measurements in the 76 females were compared with 62 healthy normal females without ocular vascular occlusions (OVOs). Results The 76 females with OVO were more likely than 62 normal female controls to have high homocysteine (24% vs 0%, P<0.0001), high anticardiolipin antibody (immunoglobulin M, 17% vs 3%, P=0.012), high (>150%) factor VIII (42% vs 11%, P<0.0001), and high (>150%) factor XI (22% vs 4%, P=0.004). Of the 76 females, 26 (34%) had ≥1 spontaneous abortion; 17 (22%) had ≥2 spontaneous abortions and/or pre-eclampsia–eclampsia. Compared to 62 healthy female controls, these 17 females with pregnancy complications had high homocysteine (29% vs 0%, P=0.0003), high anticardiolipin antibody immunoglobulin M (24% vs 3%, P=0.02), high factor VIII (38% vs 11%, P=0.02), and were marginally more likely to be heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation (19% vs 3%, P=0.058). Conclusion In females lacking typical risk factors for retinal vascular occlusion or severely ischemic presentation, by diagnosing thrombophilia as an etiology for OVO, the ophthalmologist opens a window to family screening and preventive therapy, with particular relevance to pregnancy outcomes and venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G Dixon
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati
| | - Carl T Bruce
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati
| | - Charles J Glueck
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati
| | - Robert A Sisk
- Cincinnati Eye Institute; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert K Hutchins
- Cincinnati Eye Institute; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vybhav Jetty
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati
| | - Ping Wang
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati
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Venous thromboembolism does not share familial susceptibility with retinal vascular occlusion or glaucoma: a nationwide family study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 42:505-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schockman S, Glueck CJ, Hutchins RK, Patel J, Shah P, Wang P. Diagnostic ramifications of ocular vascular occlusion as a first thrombotic event associated with factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene heterozygosity. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:591-600. [PMID: 25897198 PMCID: PMC4396423 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s80714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the diagnostic ramifications of vascular occlusion of the ocular vein and artery as a first thrombotic event associated with factor V Leiden (FVL) and/or prothrombin gene (PTG) heterozygosity. METHODS Patients with ocular vein (n=191) and artery (n=74) occlusion, free of cardioembolic etiologies, were sequentially referred from vitreoretinal specialists for measurement of thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis and compared to 110 healthy normal controls. RESULTS Of the 265 patients, 29 (11%; 17 women, 12 men) of all referred ocular vascular occlusion (OVO) cases were found to be heterozygous for FVL and/or PTG, including 16 with FVL, 12 with PTG, and 1 with both. Of the 29 cases, 16 had central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), 2 branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), 5 nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION), 3 retinal artery occlusion (RAO), 2 amaurosis fugax (AF), and 1 had both CRVO and RAO. Of the 16 FVL cases, 15 (94%) had OVO as a first thrombotic event without prior deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE); 6 (38%) also had other thrombotic events, including recurrent miscarriage, osteonecrosis, ischemic stroke, and/or ischemic colitis; and 5 (31%) had immediate family members with previous venous thromboembolism (VTE). Of the 12 PTG cases, 9 (75%) had OVO as a first thrombotic event, 5 (42%) experienced VTE other than DVT or PE, and 6 (50%) had immediate family members with VTE. In one patient with both FVL and PTG, DVT occurred before BRVO. Of the 17 women with FVL and/or PTG mutations, 7 (41%) experienced ≥1 miscarriage, 6 (35%) were on estrogen therapy, and 1 (6%) was on clomiphene. CONCLUSION Of the 265 patients with OVO, 29 (11%) had FVL and/or PTG, and 83% of these 29 cases presented with OVO as their first thrombotic event. By diagnosing thrombophilia as an etiology for OVO, the ophthalmologist opens a window to family screening and preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schockman
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, The Jewish Hospital-Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles J Glueck
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, The Jewish Hospital-Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; Mercy Health Physicians, Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert K Hutchins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaykumar Patel
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, The Jewish Hospital-Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Parth Shah
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, The Jewish Hospital-Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, The Jewish Hospital-Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Prevalence of thrombophilic genetic factors among patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Retina 2014; 34:2147-50. [PMID: 25158941 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of thrombophilic factors in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with RP and 50 controls matched by age and gender were tested for the presence of the following mutations: factor II (GA20210), factor V Leiden (GA1691), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (CT677), factor XIIIa (Val→Leu), β-fibrinogen (GA455), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFRII) (M196R), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (4 G/5 G), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (GA844). RESULTS The following heterozygous mutations were found in patients/controls: factor V Leiden (12/14), factor XIIIa (20/30), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 TT (48/52), β-fibrinogen GA455 (36/36), TNFRII (M196R) (40/42), PAI-1 4 G/5 G (40/48), and PAI-1 GA844 (50/52). The difference between patients with RP and the control group was not statistically significant for the prevalence of any of the studied factors (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, thrombophilic mutations were not increased in patients with RP. Thrombophilic mutations do not seem to be risk factors for RP. Routine investigation of hereditary thrombophilia in these patients is not justified.
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Yioti GG, Panagiotou OA, Vartholomatos GA, Kolaitis NI, Pappa CN, Evangelou E, Stefaniotou MI. Genetic polymorphisms associated with retinal vein occlusion: a Greek case-control study and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2013; 34:130-9. [PMID: 23289804 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2012.746376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic background of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) remains unclear. In the current study, we aimed to replicate polymorphisms related to thrombophilia/hypofibrinolysis in a Greek population and also systematically summarize current evidence available on the topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 RVO patients and 53 controls were genotyped for factor V H1299R and V Leiden, β-fibrinogen G455A, PAI-1 4G/5G, ACE I/D, HPA1, prothrombin G20210A, factor XIII Val34Leu, MTHFR A1298C and C677T polymorphisms. We examined the association between RVO and the above polymorphisms under a per-allele genetic model in a Greek unrelated case/control population. Additionally, searching PubMed up to January 2012, we identified existing evidence on these polymorphisms and performed meta-analyses. RESULTS A total of three polymorphisms had nominally significant associations with RVO. These associations pertained to ACE D allele (odds ratio, OR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.12-3.85], p = 0.02); factor XIII 34Leu allele (OR = 0.41 [95% CI, 0.18-0.95], p = 0.037] and MTHFR 677T variant (OR = 2.20 [95% CI 1.10-4.40], p = 0.026). We performed a meta-analysis on the associations between RVO and PAI-1 (n = 5), factor V Leiden (n = 21), MTHFR C677T (n = 19) and prothrombin G20210A (n = 21). We observed nominally significant associations only for PAI-1 (OR = 1.27 [95% CI, 1.02-1.60, p = 0.036]) (I(2) = 44.7%), and factor V Leiden (OR = 1.40 [95% CI, 1.07-1.84, p = 0.015]) (I(2) = 3.6%) using random effects model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there may be an association between increased risk for RVO and ACE I/D, MTHFR C677T, PAI-1 4G/5G and factor V Leiden polymorphisms, whereas the Val34Leu variant may exert a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia G Yioti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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Shirodkhar AL, Lightman S, Taylor SRJ. Management of branch retinal vein occlusion. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2012; 73:20-3. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2012.73.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon RJ Taylor
- National Institute of Health Research in the Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL
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Bessero AC, Borruat FX. Dysfonction visuelle et occlusion artérielle : association à la mutation Leiden du facteur V ? J Fr Ophtalmol 2006; 29:43-6. [PMID: 16465123 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(06)73746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Leiden mutation of the factor V gene and the subsequent resistance of factor V to inactivation by activated protein C are associated with a procoagulant state, especially in the venous bed. However, its association with arterial thrombotic disease remains unclear. OBSERVATIONS We report four patients with visual field defects secondary to arterial occlusions and in whom we found a factor V Leiden mutation. These patients, three females and one male, aged 32-58 years, presented with various visual field defects: bilateral arciform scotomas due to multiple infarcts of the nerve fiber layer (one case), superior defect due to anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (one case), homonymous hemianopia due to stroke (two cases). An abnormal resistance to activated protein C and a heterozygous state for factor V Leiden mutation were found in all four cases. The two patients who suffered from a stroke also showed elevated antiphospholipid antibodies (one case) and a patent foramen ovale (one case). COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION Conflicting reports on the effective role of factor V Leiden mutation in arterial thrombotic events are present in the literature. We report four cases of arterial occlusion in whom a thrombophilic predisposition was present with a heterozygous state for factor V Leiden mutation. In two cases, no other risk factor was found. We hypothesize that factor V Leiden mutation, even in a heterozygous state, might predispose to arterial occlusion in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-C Bessero
- Unité de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, Lausanne, Suisse
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Weger M, Renner W, Steinbrugger I, Cichocki L, Temmel W, Stanger O, El-Shabrawi Y, Lechner H, Schmut O, Haas A. Role of thrombophilic gene polymorphisms in branch retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:1910-5. [PMID: 16157382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common cause of severe visual loss. Numerous risk factors, including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and arteriosclerosis, have been identified. Gene polymorphisms affecting hemostasis may also play a role in the pathogenesis of BRVO. The present study was therefore done to determine the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in factors implicated in hypercoagulability among patients with BRVO. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. PARTICIPANTS The study cohort consisted of 294 patients with BRVO and 294 control subjects, matched for age and gender. METHODS Determination of genotypes was done by allele-specific digestion of polymerase chain reaction products, or by 5' exonuclease assay (TaqMan). MAIN OUTCOME PARAMETERS Genotypes of factor V R506Q (factor V Leiden), prothrombin 20210G>A, fibrinogen beta -455G> A, factor XII (FXII) 46C>T, and ITGA2 807C>T (platelet glycoprotein Ia [GPIa] 807C>T) and ITGB3 L59P (platelet GPIIIa PlA1/PlA2) polymorphisms. RESULTS Genotype distributions of the investigated gene polymorphisms did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects. In contrast, significantly increased prevalences of arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were found among patients with BRVO. In a logistic regression analysis, the presence of arterial hypertension was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-3.32), whereas hypercholesterolemia yielded an OR of 2.54 (95% CI, 1.74-3.70) for BRVO. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the prevalences of the investigated gene polymorphisms do not differ significantly in patients with BRVO and control subjects. This suggests that these polymorphisms are not major risk factors for BRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Holak HM, Holak NH, Holak S, Holak SA, Szymaniec S. Venenastverschluss und Abduzensparese bei Protein-S-Mangel. Ophthalmologe 2005; 102:279-85. [PMID: 15138794 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-004-1032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein S deficiency, which exists in 0.7% of the population, is a risk factor for retinal vein branch occlusions and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. METHODS A genealogical study was carried out on three generations of one family who exhibited different venous occlusions and subsequent complications. RESULTS Four members of the family, spanning three generations, suffered from complications of venous thrombosis. In the first generation a great uncle died of complications from a deep leg venous thrombosis. In the second generation, the mother underwent a venous branch thrombosis at the age of 41 with a protein S activity of 18%. Subsequently, a palsy of the N. abducens developed with multiple cerebral lesions (presumably post-thrombotic) in the MRI. Fluorescein angiography showed a typical picture of a venous branch occlusion which had been treated by laser. In the third generation, the 16-year-old daughter developed iliac venous thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism with a protein S activity of 0%. The fluorescein angiography showed distinctively engorged veins. A 28-year-old daughter, with a protein S activity of 16%, remained asymptomatic, although fluorescein angiography demonstrated engorged veins. Protein C activity and APC resistance of all family members were normal. The chromosomal analysis of the family members revealed no morphological aberrations. CONCLUSION Protein S deficiency increases the risk of congenital thrombosis in young and middle-aged heterozygous individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Holak
- Gemeinschaftspraxis der Augenärzte im Rudolf-Virchow-Arztehaus, Salzgitter
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