The prevalence of depressive symptoms and related risk factors among diabetic patients with retinopathy attending the Jordan University Hospital

Investigation and analysis of negative emotion in patients with diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy

BACKGROUND

As the incidence of diabetes continues to increase, the number of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) also increases each year. After undergoing vitrectomy for DR, patients often experience negative emotional problems that negatively affect their recovery.

AIM

To investigate negative feelings in patients with DR after vitrectomy and to explore related influencing factors.

METHODS

A total of 146 individuals with DR who were accepted for treatment at The Third People’s Hospital of Changzhou from May 2021 to April 2023 were recruited to participate in this study. All patients underwent vitrectomy. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to assess the degree of anxiety and depression 2-3 days after the operation. The participants were divided into a healthy control group and a negative emotion group. The patients’ general demographic characteristics and blood glucose levels were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing negative feelings post-operation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the association between SAS scores, SDS scores, and blood glucose levels.

RESULTS

The control group included 85 participants. The negative emotion group comprised 40 participants with anxiety, 13 with depression, and eight with both. Logistic regression showed that being female (OR = 3.090, 95%CI: 1.217-7.847), a family per capita monthly income of < 5000 yuan (OR = 0.337, 95%CI: 0.165-0.668), and a longer duration of diabetes (OR = 2.068, 95%CI: 1.817-3.744) were risk factors for negative emotions in patients with DR after vitrectomy (P < 0.05). The concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the negative emotion group exceeded those in the control group (P < 0.05). SAS scores were positively associated with FPG (r = 0.422), 2hPG (r = 0.334), and HbA1c (r = 0.362; P < 0.05). SDS scores were positively correlated with FPG (r = 0.218) and 2hPG (r = 0.218; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Sex, income level, and duration of diabetes were factors that influenced negative emotions post-vitrectomy. Negative emotions were positively correlated with blood glucose levels, which can be used to develop intervention strategies.

Associations between depression and diabetic retinopathy in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2018

INTRODUCTION

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The relationship between depression and DR is unclear, and prior studies are limited by small sample sizes at single centers. This retrospective, cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of and associations between depression and DR in the US using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011 to 2018.

METHODS

We collected information on the demographic characteristics, medical conditions, and examination data of NHANES participants with DM. We performed weighted analysis to estimate national prevalence and multivariate analysis to assess the relationship between depression and DR.

RESULTS

Of the 22,618 participants included, the prevalence of DM and DR were 3146 (13.9%) and 664 (2.9%). The prevalence of depression was 14.2% in DM only and 19.3% in DR (P = 0.006) with greater severity in the DR group (P < 0.001). After adjusting for comorbidities, DR was no longer significantly associated with depression. Depression was not associated with differences in disease management, although participants with depression had poorer self-perceived health status (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Depression is more prevalent in individuals with DR than those with DM only. The relationship between depression and DR may be mediated by additional medical comorbidities, but further studies are needed.

The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety and Sociodemographic Characteristics in Individuals with Chronic Diseases

Purpose: This study aims to reveal the relationship between depressive symptoms, anxiety level and socio-demographic characteristics of individuals with chronic diseases. Methods: The study sample consisted of 149 individuals over the age of 18 who agreed to participate in the study and had a chronic disease. Each of the participants completed a questionnaire that revealed their socio-demographic characteristics, a Beck Depression Inventory and a Generalized Anxiety Inventory-7. Results: The participants’ mean BDI score was 14.56±10.08 and the average score of GAD-7 test was 7.40±5.57. 34% of the patients are at risk of moderate and 8.7% at risk of severe depression. 22.8% of individuals are under high and 11.4% under serious anxiety threat. Average total scores of depression and anxiety scales are significantly higher in those with lower incomes than normal or higher incomes and in singles when compared to married people. In addition, the GAD-7 test scale mean score of those who did not comply with the treatment was higher. In addition, a positive linear relationship was found between BDI and GAD-7. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety levels are significantly higher in patients with chronic disease. It is recommended that, individuals at risk among those with chronic diseases should be identified and supported psycho-socially.