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Kesztyüs D, Brucher S, Wilson C, Kesztyüs T. Use of Infrared Thermography in Medical Diagnosis, Screening, and Disease Monitoring: A Scoping Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2139. [PMID: 38138242 PMCID: PMC10744680 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Thermography provides non-invasive, radiation-free diagnostic imaging. Despite the extensive literature on medical thermography, a comprehensive overview of current applications is lacking. Hence, the aim of this scoping review is to identify the medical applications of passive infrared thermography and to catalogue the technical and environmental modalities. The diagnostic performance of thermography and the existence of specific reference data are evaluated, and research gaps and future tasks identified. The entire review process followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach and the results are reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The scoping review protocol is registered at the Open Science Framework (OSF). PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, OpenGrey, OSF, and PROSPERO were searched using pretested search strategies based on the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) approach. According to the eligibility criteria, references were screened by two researchers independently. Seventy-two research articles were identified describing screening, diagnostic, or monitoring studies investigating the potential of thermography in a total of 17,314 participants within 38 different health conditions across 13 therapeutic areas. The use of several camera models from various manufacturers is described. These and other facts and figures are compiled and presented in a detailed, descriptive tabular and visual format. Thermography offers promising diagnostic capabilities, alone or in addition to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Kesztyüs
- Medical Data Integration Centre, Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Sabrina Brucher
- Institute for Distance Learning, Technical University of Applied Sciences, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolyn Wilson
- Medical Data Integration Centre, Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Tibor Kesztyüs
- Medical Data Integration Centre, Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
- Institute for Distance Learning, Technical University of Applied Sciences, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Salih AE, Butt H. Multifunctional transition and temperature-responsive contact lenses. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:271. [PMID: 37957141 PMCID: PMC10643561 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Smart contact lenses have recently gained traction due to their functionalization as noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic wearables that can address several ocular diseases. Herein, multifunctional contact lenses exhibiting UV-transition and temperature-responsive capabilities were developed utilizing chromogenic materials that were integrated simultaneously into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) contact lenses. The functionalities of the contact lenses were optically evaluated in both their activated and non-activated states. Transition contact lenses offered excellent UV and blue light blocking capabilities (~45%) at their inactive states. When activated via UV exposure, the transparent lenses darkened instantaneously and absorbed portions of the visible light spectrum. The absorption intensity and transient discoloration of the transition lenses relied primarily on the utilized photochromic material. Likewise, the temperature-responsive contact lenses exhibited distinct colorimetric variations in response to temperature changes within the physiological range (33-38 °C). The maximum sensitivity of the thermochromic lens was 8% transmitted light per Celsius degree shift. Physiochemical and morphological analysis indicated the adequacy of the contact lenses. Hence, the multifunctional contact lenses can be deployed as smart wearables to manage ophthalmic deficiencies that are deterred by UV radiations and variations in ocular surface temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Salih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Ying Y, Zhai R, Sun Y, Sheng Q, Fan X, Kong X. The occurrence of acute primary angle closure triggered, aggravated, and accelerated by COVID-19 infection: retrospective observational study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1196202. [PMID: 37645709 PMCID: PMC10461000 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relevance of primary acute angle closure (APAC) and COVID-19 infection, compare the demographic features and manifestations between COVID-19 positive and negative patients with APAC, and infer the underlying mechanism. Methods This study is based on all patients diagnosed with APAC at the glaucoma center of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University (Fenyang road center) from 15th December 2022 to 11th January 2023. Totally 171 APAC cases were categorized into COVID-19 positive and negative group. Demographic features and final treatment level of the patients were compared between the two groups. Clinical manifestations, intraocular pressure, and anterior chamber configuration were also compared between the two groups. Results In the COVID-19 positive group, the number of cases with APAC onset spiked in 22nd December 2022, which coincided with the spike of COVID-19 antigen positive people. Compared to the COVID-19 negative group, COVID-19 positive APAC patients were younger with a lower percentage of APAC history. Additionally, more eyes of COVID-19 positive APAC patients showed keratic precipitates. COVID-19 positive eyes had significantly larger anterior chamber depth with a more dilated pupil. Therefore, COVID-19 infection could probably act as a triggering factor of APAC. Discussion The onset of APAC might be accelerated by COVID-19 infection for patients with younger age and milder anatomical configuration. Additionally, COVID-19 related APAC cases might have a more abrupt and fierce onset. Ophthalmic emergent services should not be neglected during the epidemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ying
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Zhai
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilian Sheng
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintong Fan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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Gulias-Cañizo R, Rodríguez-Malagón ME, Botello-González L, Belden-Reyes V, Amparo F, Garza-Leon M. Applications of Infrared Thermography in Ophthalmology. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030723. [PMID: 36983878 PMCID: PMC10053626 DOI: 10.3390/life13030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Body temperature is one of the key vital signs for determining a disease’s severity, as it reflects the thermal energy generated by an individual’s metabolism. Since the first study on the relationship between body temperature and diseases by Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich at the end of the 19th century, various forms of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Traditionally, methods for measuring temperature can be invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive. In recent years, great technological advances have reduced the cost of thermographic cameras, which allowed extending their use. Thermal cameras capture the infrared radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum and process the images to represent the temperature of the object under study through a range of colors, where each color and its hue indicate a previously established temperature. Currently, cameras have a sensitivity that allows them to detect changes in temperature as small as 0.01 °C. Along with its use in other areas of medicine, thermography has been used at the ocular level for more than 50 years. In healthy subjects, the literature reports that the average corneal temperature ranges from 32.9 to 36 °C. One of the possible sources of variability in normal values is age, and other possible sources of variation are gender and external temperature. In addition to the evaluation of healthy subjects, thermography has been used to evaluate its usefulness in various eye diseases, such as Graves’ orbitopathy, and tear duct obstruction for orbital diseases. The ocular surface is the most studied area. Ocular surface temperature is influenced by multiple conditions, one of the most studied being dry eye; other diseases studied include allergic conjunctivitis and pterygium as well as systemic diseases such as carotid artery stenosis. Among the corneal diseases studied are keratoconus, infectious keratitis, corneal graft rejection, the use of scleral or soft contact lenses, and the response to refractive or cataract surgery. Other diseases where thermographic features have been reported are glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vascular occlusions, intraocular tumors as well as scleritis, and other inflammatory eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac México, Naucalpan de Juárez 52786, Mexico
| | - Maria Elisa Rodríguez-Malagón
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Loubette Botello-González
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Valeria Belden-Reyes
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Francisco Amparo
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Manuel Garza-Leon
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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The Effect of Face Masks during COVID-19 Pandemic on Ocular Surface Temperature-A Clinical Thermographic Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061431. [PMID: 35741241 PMCID: PMC9221900 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) recommends face-mask wearing for all people above the age of two years. The wearing of face masks creates a unique airflow towards the ocular surface which may influence the normal physiological conditions of the ocular and periocular surface. Healthy subjects with no ocular history were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for ocular surface temperature (OST) measurements during inspirium and expirium. Five regions of interest (ROIs) were used to measure OST: medial conjunctive, cornea, lateral conjunctive, upper eyelid and entire orbital area. Additional measurements in the same locations were made with the upper margin of the mask taped with micropore surgical tape. Thirty-one patients were included in this study. OST during expirium was significantly higher compared to the temperature during inspirium in all locations measured (p < 0.001, paired samples t-test). The temperature of the upper eyelid was higher by more than 0.5 °C during expirium. Taping the mask’s upper edges to the skin resulted in non-significant temperature changes in inspirium vs. expirium. In conclusion, wearing a face mask creates air flow towards the periocular and ocular surface, which changes the OST mostly on the eyelids.
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Ocular Surface Temperature: Characterization in a Large Cohort of Healthy Human Eyes and Correlations to Systemic Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101877. [PMID: 34679576 PMCID: PMC8534589 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize ocular surface temperature (OST) in healthy eyes and its association with systemic risk factors of cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included consenting subjects who were examined at the Institute for Medical Screening in Sheba Medical Center. A Therm-App™ thermal imaging camera (Opgal LTD, Israel) was used for OST acquisition, and the mean OST of the medial canthal, lateral canthal, and central cornea regions were measured. Room and body temperatures were also recorded. Past medical and ocular history as well as data from various clinical examinations performed at the same visit were obtained. Results: Thermographic images were obtained from 186 subjects, 150 of which were included in the final analysis. OST was significantly higher in the medial canthal, central cornea, and lateral canthal regions in people with a history of ischemic heart disease (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p = 0.03, respectively). There were no significant OST differences (ANOVA test) associated with the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or active smoking status. Conclusions: OST correlated positively with the presence of ischemic heart disease. This correlation, its pathophysiological base, and its clinical application warrants further investigation.
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