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Owens SL, Ahmed SR, Lang Harman RM, Stewart LE, Mori S. Natural Products That Contain Higher Homologated Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300822. [PMID: 38487927 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on discussing natural products (NPs) that contain higher homologated amino acids (homoAAs) in the structure as well as the proposed and characterized biosynthesis of these non-proteinogenic amino acids. Homologation of amino acids includes the insertion of a methylene group into its side chain. It is not a very common modification found in NP biosynthesis as approximately 450 homoAA-containing NPs have been isolated from four bacterial phyla (Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetota, Myxococcota, and Pseudomonadota), two fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), and one animal phylum (Porifera), except for a few examples. Amino acids that are found to be homologated and incorporated in the NP structures include the following ten amino acids: alanine, arginine, cysteine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and tyrosine, where isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine share the comparable enzymatic pathway. Other amino acids have their individual homologation pathway (arginine, proline, and glutamic acid for bacteria), likely utilize the primary metabolic pathway (alanine and glutamic acid for fungi), or have not been reported (cysteine and serine). Despite its possible high potential in the drug discovery field, the biosynthesis of homologated amino acids has a large room to explore for future combinatorial biosynthesis and metabolic engineering purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler L Owens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Shopno R Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Rebecca M Lang Harman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Laura E Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Shogo Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
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Zhou L, Höfte M, Hennessy RC. Does regulation hold the key to optimizing lipopeptide production in Pseudomonas for biotechnology? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363183. [PMID: 38476965 PMCID: PMC10928948 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides (LPs) produced by Pseudomonas spp. are specialized metabolites with diverse structures and functions, including powerful biosurfactant and antimicrobial properties. Despite their enormous potential in environmental and industrial biotechnology, low yield and high production cost limit their practical use. While genome mining and functional genomics have identified a multitude of LP biosynthetic gene clusters, the regulatory mechanisms underlying their biosynthesis remain poorly understood. We propose that regulation holds the key to unlocking LP production in Pseudomonas for biotechnology. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of Pseudomonas-derived LPs and describe the molecular basis for their biosynthesis and regulation. We examine the global and specific regulator-driven mechanisms controlling LP synthesis including the influence of environmental signals. Understanding LP regulation is key to modulating production of these valuable compounds, both quantitatively and qualitatively, for industrial and environmental biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosanna C. Hennessy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Steigenberger J, Mergen C, De Roo V, Geudens N, Martins JC, Heerklotz H. The effect of membrane thickness on the membrane permeabilizing activity of the cyclic lipopeptide tolaasin II. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1064742. [PMID: 36619163 PMCID: PMC9817028 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1064742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolaasin II is an amphiphilic, membrane-active, cyclic lipopeptide produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii and is responsible for brown blotch disease in mushroom. To better understand the mode of action and membrane selectivity of tolaasin II and related lipopeptides, its permeabilizing effect on liposomes of different membrane thickness was characterized. An equi-activity analysis served to distinguish between the effects of membrane partitioning and the intrinsic activity of the membrane-bound peptide. It was found that thicker membranes require higher local peptide concentrations to become leaky. More specifically, the mole ratio of membrane-bound peptide per lipid needed to induce 50% leakage of calcein within 1 h, Re 50, increased monotonically with membrane thickness from 0.0016 for the 14:1 to 0.0070 for the 20:1 lipid-chains. Moreover, fast but limited leakage kinetics in the low-lipid regime were observed implying a mode of action based on membrane asymmetry stress in this time and concentration window. While the assembly of the peptide to oligomeric pores of defined length along the bilayer z-axis can in principle explain inhibition by increasing membrane thickness, it cannot account for the observed limited leakage. Therefore, reduced intrinsic membrane-permeabilizing activity with increasing membrane thickness is attributed here to the increased mechanical strength and order of thicker membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Steigenberger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Jessica Steigenberger, ; Heiko Heerklotz,
| | - Catherine Mergen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vic De Roo
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C. Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Jessica Steigenberger, ; Heiko Heerklotz,
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Castaldi S, Cimmino A, Masi M, Evidente A. Bacterial Lipodepsipeptides and Some of Their Derivatives and Cyclic Dipeptides as Potential Agents for Biocontrol of Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi of Agrarian Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4591-4598. [PMID: 35395154 PMCID: PMC9026286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stresses (fungi, bacteria, insects, weeds, etc.) are some of the most important causes of the decrease in the quality and quantity of crops that could become an emergency due to a noteworthy increase in the world population. Thus, to overcome these problems, massive use of chemical pesticides has been carried out with heavy consequences for environmental pollution and food safety. An eco-friendly alternative can be using natural compound-based biopesticides with high efficacy and selectivity. Some bacterial lipodepsipeptides (tolaasins I, II, A, D, and E and WLIP together with hexacetyl- and tetrahydro-tolaasin I and WLIP methyl ester) and cyclic dipeptides (cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr), cyclo(d-Pro-l-Tyr), cyclo(l-Pro-l-Val), and cyclo(l-Pro-l-Leu)) were assayed against several pathogenic bacteria and fungi of important agrarian plants. Lipodepsipeptides showed strong growth inhibition of all microorganisms tested in the range of 0.1-0.8 μg/mL, while cyclodipeptides, despite preserving this ability, showed a noteworthily reduced antimicrobial activity being active only in the range of 15-900 μg/mL. Among the lipodepsipeptides and cyclic dipeptides assayed, tolaasin d and cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr) (also named maculosin-1) appeared to be the most toxic compounds. Some structure-activity relationships of lipodepsipeptides were also discussed along with their practical application as biopesticides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Castaldi
- Department
of Biology, University of Naples Federico
II, Complesso Universitario
Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso
Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso
Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso
Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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5
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Kim N, Mannaa M, Kim J, Ra JE, Kim SM, Lee C, Lee HH, Seo YS. The In Vitro and In Planta Interspecies Interactions Among Rice-Pathogenic Burkholderia Species. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:134-143. [PMID: 33197363 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1252-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae, B. plantarii, and B. gladioli are responsible for serious diseases in rice crops and co-occurrence among them has been reported. In this study, in vitro assays revealed antagonistic activity among these organisms, with B. gladioli demonstrating strong inhibition of B. glumae and B. plantarii. Strains of B. glumae and B. plantarii that express green fluorescent protein were constructed and used for cocultivation assays with B. gladioli, which confirmed the strong inhibitory activity of B. gladioli. Cell-free supernatants from each species were tested against cultures of counterpart species to evaluate the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. To investigate the inhibitory activity of B. gladioli on B. glumae and B. plantarii in rice, rice plant assays were performed and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed for in planta bacterial quantification. The results indicated that coinoculation with B. gladioli leads to significantly reduced disease severity and colonization of rice tissues compared with single inoculation with B. glumae or B. plantarii. This study demonstrates the interactions among three rice-pathogenic Burkholderia species and strong antagonistic activity of B. gladioli in vitro and in planta. The qPCR assays developed here could be applied for accurate quantification of these organisms from in planta samples in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Juyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Ra
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Geudens N, Kovács B, Sinnaeve D, Oni FE, Höfte M, Martins JC. Conformation and Dynamics of the Cyclic Lipopeptide Viscosinamide at the Water-Lipid Interface. Molecules 2019; 24:E2257. [PMID: 31213011 PMCID: PMC6630293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic lipodepsipeptides or CLiPs from Pseudomonas are secondary metabolites that mediate a wide range of biological functions for their producers, and display antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Direct interaction of CLiPs with the cellular membranes is presumed to be essential in causing these. To understand the processes involved at the molecular level, knowledge of the conformation and dynamics of CLiPs at the water-lipid interface is required to guide the interpretation of biophysical investigations in model membrane systems. We used NMR and molecular dynamics to study the conformation, location and orientation of the Pseudomonas CLiP viscosinamide in a water/dodecylphosphocholine solution. In the process, we demonstrate the strong added value of combining uniform, isotope-enriched viscosinamide and protein NMR methods. In particular, the use of techniques to determine backbone dihedral angles and detect and identify long-lived hydrogen bonds, establishes that the solution conformation previously determined in acetonitrile is maintained in water/dodecylphosphocholine solution. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancements pinpoint viscosinamide near the water-lipid interface, with its orientation dictated by the amphipathic distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues. Finally, the experimental observations are supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Thus a firm structural basis is now available for interpreting biophysical and bioactivity data relating to this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structural Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, GhentUniversity, Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Benjámin Kovács
- NMR and Structural Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, GhentUniversity, Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- NMR and Structural Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, GhentUniversity, Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structural Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, GhentUniversity, Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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7
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Adeniji AA, Aremu OS, Babalola OO. Selecting lipopeptide-producing, Fusarium-suppressing Bacillus spp.: Metabolomic and genomic probing of Bacillus velezensis NWUMFkBS10.5. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00742. [PMID: 30358165 PMCID: PMC6562122 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of this study indicate that the maize rhizosphere remains a reservoir for microbial strains with unique beneficial properties. The study sought to provide an indigenous Bacillus strain with a bioprotective potential to alleviate maize fusariosis in South Africa. We selected seven Bacillus isolates (MORWBS1.1, MARBS2.7, VERBS5.5, MOREBS6.3, MOLBS8.5, MOLBS8.6, and NWUMFkBS10.5) with biosuppressive effects against two maize fungal pathogens (Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum) based on 16S rDNA gene characterization and lipopeptide gene analysis. The PCR analysis revealed that lipopeptide genes encoding the synthesis of iturin, surfactin, and fengycin might be responsible for their antifungal activities. Few of the isolates also showed possible biosurfactant capability, and their susceptibility to known antibiotics is indicative of their eco‐friendly attributes. In addition, in silico genomic analysis of our best isolate (Bacillus velezensis NWUMFkBS10.5) and characterization of its active metabolite with FTIR, NMR, and ESI‐Micro‐Tof MS confirmed the presence of valuable genes clusters and metabolic pathways. The versatile genomic potential of our Bacillus isolate emphasizes the continued relevance of Bacillus spp. in biological management of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetomiwa Ayodele Adeniji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Oluwole Samuel Aremu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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8
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Thongkongkaew T, Ding W, Bratovanov E, Oueis E, Garcı́a-Altares M, Zaburannyi N, Harmrolfs K, Zhang Y, Scherlach K, Müller R, Hertweck C. Two Types of Threonine-Tagged Lipopeptides Synergize in Host Colonization by Pathogenic Burkholderia Species. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1370-1379. [PMID: 29669203 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of agriculturally important mushrooms and plants pose a major threat to human food sources worldwide. However, structures of chemical mediators required by the pathogen for host colonization and infection remain elusive in most cases. Here, we report two types of threonine-tagged lipopeptides conserved among mushroom and rice pathogenic Burkholderia species that facilitate bacterial infection of hosts. Genome mining, metabolic profiling of infected mushrooms, and heterologous expression of orphan gene clusters allowed the discovery of these unprecedented metabolites in the mushroom pathogen Burkholderia gladioli (haereogladin, burriogladin) and the plant pathogen Burkholderia glumae (haereoglumin and burrioglumin). Through targeted gene deletions, the molecular basis of lipopeptide biosynthesis by nonribosomal peptide synthetases was revealed. Surprisingly, both types of lipopeptides feature unusual threonine tags, which yield longer peptide backbones than one would expect based on the canonical colinearity of the NRPS assembly lines. Both peptides play an indirect role in host infection as biosurfactants that enable host colonization by mediating swarming and biofilm formation abilities. Moreover, MALDI imaging mass spectrometry was applied to investigate the biological role of the lipopeptides. Our results shed light on conserved mechanisms that mushroom and plant pathogenic bacteria utilize for host infection and expand current knowledge on bacterial virulence factors that may represent a new starting point for the targeted development of crop protection measures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawatchai Thongkongkaew
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Evgeni Bratovanov
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Emilia Oueis
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marı́a Garcı́a-Altares
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shandong University−Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Chair for Natural Product Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Meng J, Fan Y, Su M, Chen C, Ren T, Wang J, Zhao Q. WLIP derived from Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich exhibits anti-tumor activity and induces cell cycle arrest through PPAR-γ associated pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:37-44. [PMID: 24401848 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
White-line-inducing principle (WLIP), a lipodepsipeptide isolated from Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich., which is one of the puffballs, for the first time, has been reported to exhibit anti-microbial activity. However, there are no reports regarding the anti-tumor effects of WLIP. In this study, we reported the anti-cancer effects of WLIP on K562 cells, and its potential effect on the PPAR-γ activation pathway. The obtained results showed that WLIP exerted strong anti-proliferative effect on K562 cells. Moreover, WLIP was found to increase apoptosis and induce G0/Gl arrest. Modeling results from the Surflex-Dock program suggested that PPAR-γ might be the potential anti-tumor target of WLIP, which was confirmed by the experiments that WLIP increased the activity in luciferase reporter assay and the expression of PPAR-γ in Western blot. Besides, WLIP was able to down-regulate the expression of Bcl-xL, Cyclin-D1 in K562 cells. In summary, our novel observations suggested that WLIP might have a potential implication in cancer prevention and treatment, and also showed for the first time that the anti-tumor effect of WLIP might be mediated through modulation of the PPAR-γ activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingzhi Su
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Congqin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianshu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
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10
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Chung IY, Kim YK, Cho YH. Common virulence factors for Pseudomonas tolaasii pathogenesis in Agaricus and Arabidopsis. Res Microbiol 2013; 165:102-9. [PMID: 24370573 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brown blotch of cultivatable mushrooms is a disease caused by the small peptide toxin (tolaasin) secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii. Here we found that the wild type tolassin-producing P. tolaasii stain 6264 was capable of infection in Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledons, causing chlorotic symptoms and growth arrest as a result of bacterial proliferation. Seven virulence-attenuated mutants of P. tolaasii were isolated from the Agaricus bisporus screen using 2512 mariner-based transposon insertion mutants, and all of them displayed reduced virulence and bacterial proliferation in Arabidopsis infection as well. The transposon was inserted within the genes for tolassin biosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis, and within an intergenic region between the genes of unknown function. The finding that some virulence factors are commonly required for both Agaricus and Arabidopsis infections suggests that Arabidopsis could be exploited to study the host-pathogen interaction involving P. tolaasii.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi 463-840, South Korea
| | - Young-Kee Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - You-Hee Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi 463-840, South Korea.
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11
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Magae Y, Sunagawa M. Characterization of a mycovirus associated with the brown discoloration of edible mushroom, Flammulina velutipes. Virol J 2010; 7:342. [PMID: 21106114 PMCID: PMC3002925 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A mycovirus previously identified in brown discolored fruiting bodies of the cultivated mushroom Flammulina velutipes was characterized. We tentatively named the virus the F. velutipes browning virus (FvBV). Results Purified FvBV particles contained two dsRNA genomes (dsRNA1 and 2). The complete sequence of dsRNA1 was 1,915 bp long, containing a single open reading frame (ORF) that encoded 580 amino acids of a putative 66-kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). dsRNA2 was 1,730 bp long containing a single ORF encoding 541 amino acids of a putative 60-kDa coat protein (CP1). Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp sequences revealed FvBV to be a Partitivirus, most closely related to Chondrostereum purpureum cryptic virus. An RT-PCR assay was developed for the amplification of a 495-bp cDNA fragment from dsRNA encoding the CP1. When wild F. velutipes isolated from various parts of Japan were examined by RT-PCR assay, three isolates from the central region of Japan contained FvBV. One wild strain infected with FvBV was isolated in Nagano prefecture, where brown discoloration of white cultivated strains has occurred. Fruiting bodies produced by virus-harboring and virus-free F. velutipes were compared. Conclusions Cap color of the fruiting bodies of F. velutipes that contained Partitivirus FvBV was darker than FvBV-free fruiting bodies. The use of RT-PCR enabled association of FvBV and dark brown color of the fruiting body produced by F. velutipes strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Magae
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
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