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Ibrahim D, Ahmed RM, Mohammad AZ, Ibrahim B, Mohammed T, Mohamed ME, Abdelgadir T, Mohammed B, Ibrahim M, Shaaban KMA. Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder and perceived stress among Sudanese medical students. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:68. [PMID: 38263070 PMCID: PMC10807220 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) causes significant disturbance in an individual's well-being and activity. Whereby, interfering with the dynamic progress in life. Also, anxiety is a product of stress and a major predictor of academic performance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), measure levels of anxiety and perceived stress, evaluate the academic profile, identify lifestyle characteristics, and explore the relationship between these factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 340 Sudanese medical students filled out online questionnaires, composed of the sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, academic profile, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 scale (GAD-2), and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0 for data analysis. RESULTS Of 340 medical students, 3.8% of them were diagnosed with GAD, while 29.1% scored ≥ 3 in GAD-2, indicating a possible diagnosis. The study found that 9.7% of the participants used addictive substances, with 42% of them having high GAD-2 scores. Moreover, high anxiety levels were associated with high-stress scores (p-value = 0.000). Also, high GAD-2 scores were significantly associated with students who spent less than 10,000 SDG (18 USD) weekly, spent more time on entertainment using smart devices (p-value = 0.004), and had an unhealthy diet (p-value = 0.004). Low anxiety levels were associated with better sleep quality (p-value = 0.00), satisfaction with religious practices (p-value = 0.00), and increased leisure/hobby time (p-value = 0.018). High-stress levels were observed in females (p-value = 0.035), those with lower academic performance satisfaction levels, and increased hours of smart device usage for entertainment (p-value = 0.001). Reduced stress levels were associated with being ≥ 23 years old, increased leisure/hobby time (p-value = 0.002), satisfaction with religious practices [F(3, 166.6) = 10.8, p-value = 0.00)], and having a healthy diet (p-value = 0.006). CONCLUSION The low prevalence of GAD corresponded with previous literature, but 29.1% of medical students had a high probability of having GAD. The study emphasizes on providing accessible mental health services for medical students and interventions addressing modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan.
| | - Reem Mohamed Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Ayman Zuhair Mohammad
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Basil Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Tibyan Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Mona Elfadl Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Tibyan Abdelgadir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Baraah Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Moneib Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Kamil M A Shaaban
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Bachert P, Wolbring L, Hildebrand C, Woll A, Wäsche H. Analyzing mechanisms of interdisciplinary cooperation in promoting students' health at university. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1911. [PMID: 37789303 PMCID: PMC10548763 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interdisciplinary cooperation among university actors and resulting intersectoral synergies are considered cornerstones in the process of incorporating health promotion practices in everyday university life in order to break down barriers and provide better access to health promotion services. To date, no network of a health-promoting university has been examined regarding the processes underlying tie formation, network emergence, and maintenance. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The goals of this study are to obtain insight into the mechanisms of cooperation between university actors in a health-promoting network and to identify the structural and attributive factors associated with establishing cooperation between actors in the observed network in order to better understand how to build and develop successful networks in the future. For this purpose, a social network analysis was carried out and exponential random graph models were estimated to test corresponding hypotheses. RESULTS The network at hand consists of 33 actors (e.g. University Sports Center, General Student Committee) and shows a flat, non-hierarchical structure. Data reveal that attributed competence predicts cooperation (0.32; p < 0.05). Significant homophily effects among student actors (1.31; p < 0.05) and among university actors (0.59; p < 0.05) were found. All structural predictors examined were significant (0.22-5.40; p < 0.05) and are therefore essential in determining the likelihood of cooperation between actors involved in the network. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide for a better understanding of the mechanisms of cooperation and can be used to further develop the network at hand (e.g. selection of key actors for information dissemination or integration of peripheral actors). In addition, the findings offer starting points for sustained network development at other universities (e.g. significance of network governance form or goal consensus). Knowing the factors that influence the network structure, here the conditions of cooperation, results in opportunities to encourage empowerment among actors. However, the analysis of the network undertaken does not directly bear on the success of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bachert
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Laura Wolbring
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Hildebrand
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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McGurgan P, Calvert K, Nathan E, Celenza A, Jorm C. Opinions towards Medical Students' Self-Care and Substance Use Dilemmas-A Future Concern despite a Positive Generational Effect? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13289. [PMID: 36293870 PMCID: PMC9603267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examines demographic factors which may influence opinions concerning medical students' self-care and substance use behaviors as a means of providing insights into how future doctors view these issues compared to Australian doctors and members of the public. We conducted national, multicenter, prospective, on-line cross-sectional surveys using hypothetical scenarios to three cohorts- Australian medical students, medical doctors, and the public. Participants' responses were compared for the different contextual variables within the scenarios and the participants' demographic characteristics. In total 2602 medical students, 809 doctors and 503 members of the public participated. Compared with doctors and the public, medical students were least tolerant of alcohol intoxication, and most tolerant of using stimulants to assist with study, and cannabis for anxiety. Doctor respondents more often aligned with the public's opinions on the acceptability of the medical students' behaviors. Although opinions are not equivalent to behaviour, Australian students' views on the acceptability for cannabis to help manage anxiety, and inappropriate use of prescription-only drugs are concerning; these future doctors will be responsible for prescribing drugs and managing patients with substance abuse problems. However, if current Australian medical student's opinions on alcohol misuse persist, one of the commonest substance addictions amongst doctors may decrease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McGurgan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Nathan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Antonio Celenza
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Christine Jorm
- Health and Medical Research Office, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra 2601, Australia
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Schwarzer G, Rücker G. Meta-Analysis of Proportions. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2345:159-172. [PMID: 34550590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1566-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The meta-analysis of single proportions has become a popular application over the last two decades. Especially, systematic reviews of prevalence studies are conducted in various fields of science, including medicine, ecology, psychology, or social sciences. In this chapter, we illustrate meta-analysis methods to pool single proportions and to compare proportions from two groups. We introduce classic approaches based on the inverse variance method as well as generalized linear mixed models taking the binary structure of the data into account. The most common transformations of proportions and their back-transformations are described both for individual studies and in the meta-analysis setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Schwarzer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Carletto S, Miniotti M, Persico A, Leombruni P. Emotional distress and psychiatric drug use among students in an Italian medical school: Assessing the role of gender and year of study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:451. [PMID: 35233398 PMCID: PMC8827008 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_612_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that medical students show high rates of depression, anxiety, and stress levels, but mixed findings were found regarding possible differences between gender and different years of medical training. This study evaluated depression, anxiety, and stress levels and psychiatric drug use in students in an Italian medical school and investigated the differences between gender and year of study. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 694 medical students in their 1st (n = 286), 4th (n = 209), and 6th (n = 199) year of study. The questionnaire included demographic information, self-report questionnaires regarding depression, anxiety, and stress, and questions about psychiatric drug use. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/Ver 22 through descriptive and analytic statistics, including Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher's exact test, and GLM two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were reported by 365 (52.6%), 428 (61.7%), and 545 (78.5%) medical students, respectively. Female students in their 4th year of study reported higher depression levels than males of the same year (P = 0.004), whereas levels of anxiety were higher in 6th-year female students compared with those in their 1st and 4th years (P = 0.001; P = 0.025). Stress levels were consistently higher in females than in males for all 3 years (1st year: P = 0.041; 4th year: P < 0.001; 6th year: P = 0.004). No gender differences were found in the use of psychiatric and stimulant drugs. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting the importance of planning interventions aimed at reducing emotional distress among medical students that should be targeted on gender and year of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carletto
- Department of Neuroscience, “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Miniotti
- Department of Neuroscience, “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Leombruni
- Department of Neuroscience, “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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de Araujo Filho GM, Mingatto VC, de Lemos VG. Conceptions about the Use of Cannabis among Medical Students from Public Universities. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 13:232-241. [PMID: 35178195 PMCID: PMC8818308 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v13i4.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance abuse is a public health concern given its high prevalence worldwide. The early onset of such abuse predicts greater severity of addiction, morbidity, and use of multiple drugs. The use of psychoactive substances among Brazilian university students is frequent and cannabis stands out as the most consumed illicit drug. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cannabis use among medical students from public universities in the state of São Paulo, correlating it with socioeconomic data, perceptions, and conceptions about use, triggering factors and possible implications in academic performance. METHODS The data were collected using an anonymous online survey, which was sent to students attending public medical universities in the state of São Paulo in the year 2020. FINDINGS The survey was answered by 225 participants. Among all participants, 147 (65.3%) reported at least one episode of cannabis use during their study in university. 91 (61.9%) reported the first use before entering university, while 56 (38.1%) used it for the first time during the university years. The frequent group included 41 (27.9%) people and the sporadic group included 106 (72.1%) people. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the medical students in public universities in the state of São Paulo have higher cannabis use rates compared to the general Brazilian population and to other medical students worldwide. The users are aware of the possible damages caused by cannabis use, but this does not stop them from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Maria de Araujo Filho
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian Greco de Lemos
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Brazil,Correspondence to: Vivian Greco de Lemos; Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Family Climate and Intention to Use Cannabis as Predictors of Cannabis Use and Cannabis-Related Problems among Young University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179308. [PMID: 34501895 PMCID: PMC8431495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Determining the predictive variables associated with cannabis use and cannabis-related problems can ease the identification of young cannabis consumers who can benefit from prevention interventions. This study aimed: (1) to describe, among university students, the cannabis use and cannabis-use problems, intention to use cannabis and family climate based on the gender and the people the student lives with; (2) to explore whether the family climate and intention to use cannabis are predictors of cannabis use and cannabis-related problems. The sample was composed of 339 Spanish undergraduates (51.9% females) in a 17-to-25 age range (19.67 ± 1.53). The variables were assessed through a battery based on the ESPAD survey, cannabis abuse screening test, cannabis use intention questionnaire and family climate scale. More men than women had used cannabis in the precedent year and showed greater intention to use cannabis, whereas more women than men showed greater self-efficacy in not using cannabis. The family climate did not predict cannabis use and cannabis-related problems. However, subjective norms and self-efficacy were key predictors of cannabis use and cannabis-use problems, respectively. Different factors seemed to predict the use cannabis in the past year versus cannabis-related problems, and these differences may help inform the development and delivery of preventative efforts.
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Fond G, Picot A, Bourbon A, Boucekine M, Auquier P, Lançon C, Boyer L. Prevalence and associated factors of cannabis consumption in medical students: the BOURBON nationwide study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:857-864. [PMID: 32372364 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
France has been identified with one of the highest rates of cannabis consumption of Western European countries. Yet we lack data in medical students who are at risk of addictive behavior. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder (CUD) among French medical students and their association with psychotropic drug consumption and psychosocial factors. Medical students were recruited from 35 French universities of medicine through administration mailing lists and social networks, between December 2016 and May 2017. Cannabis consumption was self-declared by anonymous questionnaire and CUD was defined by a Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) score ≥ 3. 10,985 medical students with a mean age of 21.8 years (± 3.3) were included, 32% of which were men. Overall, 1642 [14.9 (14.3; 15.6)%] reported cannabis consumption and 622 [5.7 (5.2; 6.1)%] students were identified with CUD at screening. Men were at two-time higher risk of cannabis consumption and three-time higher risk of CUD (22.4% and 10.6% for men vs. 11.5% and 3.4%, respectively, for women). In multivariate analyses, men sex, alcohol use disorder, tobacco smoking, parents' divorce, and history of physical assault and lower rates of lower rates of ≥ 40 weekly worked hours were identified as common associated factors for cannabis consumption and CUD. Hypnotic consumption, psychiatric follow-up, and history of sexual assault were identified as factors associated specifically with CUD, suggesting that these factors were associated with more severe cannabis consumption. Only 17% of students identified with CUD reported a psychiatric follow-up. Altogether, these results suggest that health policies should target cannabis consumption in medical students that is frequent, especially in men, with low rates of psychiatric follow-up. We have identified psychological factors and increased hypnotic drug consumption in CUD participants suggesting that psychiatric follow-up should be systematically proposed to this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - A Picot
- Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - A Bourbon
- Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - M Boucekine
- Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - P Auquier
- Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - C Lançon
- Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - L Boyer
- Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS-Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
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Aguocha CM, Nwefoh E. Prevalence and correlates of substance use among undergraduates in a developing country. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:875-883. [PMID: 34795747 PMCID: PMC8568244 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychoactive substance use is a major global public health issue. Use of psychoactive substances has been associated with negative consequences among students. Objective The study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students in a Nigerian university. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 763 undergraduate students of Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of psychoactive substance use were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results The lifetime rate of psychoactive substance use was 84.5%. Alcohol had the highest rate of lifetime (82.5%) and 12-month (61.1%) use. There was a similar rate of lifetime use of psychoactive substances among males (86.1%) and females (83.4%). Age (p<0.05) and place of residence (p<0.05) were significantly associated with lifetime psychoactive substance use. Catholics (OR:1.43; 1.03 – 1.99), whose friend (OR:1.94; 1.39 – 2.71), roommate (OR:3.06; (1.62 – 5.78) or brother (OR:1.22; 0.77 – 1.93) uses psychoactive substances were significantly more likely to have used substances in the past 12-months. Conclusion There is a high rate of psychoactive substance use among the students. Age, religion, place of residence, family and peer use of substances are important determinants of psychoactive substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emeka Nwefoh
- Department of Medicine, Imo state University, Owerri, Imo state
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Busse H, Buck C, Stock C, Zeeb H, Pischke CR, Fialho PMM, Wendt C, Helmer SM. Engagement in Health Risk Behaviours before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in German University Students: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1410. [PMID: 33546344 PMCID: PMC7913592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco and cannabis use, alcohol consumption and inactivity are health risk behaviors (HRB) of crucial importance for health and wellbeing. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students' engagement in HRB has yet received limited attention. We investigated whether HRB changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessed factors associated with change and profiles of HRB changes in university students. A web-based survey was conducted in May 2020, including 5021 students of four German universities (69% female, the mean age of 24.4 years (SD = 5.1)). Sixty-one percent of students reported consuming alcohol, 45.8% binge drinking, 44% inactivity, 19.4% smoking and 10.8% cannabis use. While smoking and cannabis use remained unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic, 24.4% reported a decrease in binge drinking while 5.4% reported an increase. Changes to physical activity were most frequently reported, with 30.6% reporting an increase and 19.3% reporting a decrease in vigorous physical activity. Being female, younger age, being bored, not having a trusted person and depressive symptoms were factors associated with a change in HRB. Five substance use behavior profiles were identified, which also remained fairly unchanged. Efforts to promote student health and wellbeing continue to be required, also in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Busse
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (C.B.); (H.Z.)
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (C.B.); (H.Z.)
| | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (C.B.); (H.Z.)
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia R. Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.R.P.); (P.M.M.F.)
| | - Paula Mayara Matos Fialho
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.R.P.); (P.M.M.F.)
| | - Claus Wendt
- Department Sociology of Health and Healthcare Systems, University Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany;
| | - Stefanie Maria Helmer
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (S.M.H.)
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Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) is increasing being used by youth in Europe and in France, but characteristics of its use are unknown. Objectives: The aim was to characterize MDMA use in a sample of French medical students. Methods: Cross-sectional study of Paris VII medical students (N = 592) with an online self-reporting questionnaire. Results: 592 students completed the online questionnaire. 21.5% (n = 127) had experimented with MDMA. Use of MDMA was associated with male sex (p < 0.001), older age (p < 0.001), left the parent's home (p < 0.01), and belonging to a fraternity (p < 0.05). Most experimenters (90.7%) used MDMA in a club or during a music festival. Among users, 42.5% used it more than once a year and less than once a month. During the use, users drank alcohol (90.6%), smoked tobacco (70.9%), smoked cannabis (42.0%) or used cocaine (20.5%). In the days after the use, some smoked tobacco (40.9%), smoked cannabis (29.1%), drank alcohol (22.0%), used cocaine (1.6%) and also took benzodiazepines (5.5%). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, criteria, the prevalence of MDMA use disorder was 8.5% in our sample and 40.9% among MDMA users. As compared with students who never experienced MDMA, fewer users thought that occasional intake could be dangerous (66.9% vs 83.9%, p < 0.001) and that MDMA could be addictive (74.0% vs 90.3%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Other studies focusing on drug consumption among students are necessary to define specific public health strategies of prevention and harmful reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balthazar Bazin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Duroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Lejoyeux
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University- Paris VII, Paris, France
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Bagby-Stone S. Creating Space for Well-Being in Medical School and Beyond. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:50-54. [PMID: 33551486 PMCID: PMC7861606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The harmful effects of medical education on student well-being are concerning with ever more frequent outcomes of burnout, depression, and even suicide. Medical schools are working to better understand factors that adversely affect student well-being, and to implement interventions, develop strategies for prevention, raise awareness, decrease stigma, encourage treatment, and promote lifelong resilience and wellness. In Missouri, statewide meetings among medical and osteopathic schools and legislative actions are aiding in these efforts. I am a psychiatrist, an educator, and a mentor, but my most important role is that of a medical student well-being advocate. Over the past 20 years, I have experienced great joy and satisfaction working with medical students while in these roles at the University of Missouri. I remain inspired by these future physicians and the stories of what they have experienced to get to where they are and who they want to become as a physician. Their compassion and their passion to serve are profound. Our students are often quite resilient and have grit. And yet, despite their strengths, intelligence, and resilience, many suffer and become at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bagby-Stone
- Adjunct Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Certified Eating Disorder Specialist, and Private Practice Psychiatrist
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Affective Temperament Traits and Age-Predicted Recreational Cannabis Use in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134836. [PMID: 32635595 PMCID: PMC7369870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of cannabis among college students is increasing. Cannabis abuse has been proposed to be associated with personality dimensions. However, there are currently no known studies on the relationship of temperament traits and recreational cannabis use among college students. This is a cross-sectional study that investigated 328 students at a Podiatric Medical College. We evaluated the association between temperament and recreational cannabis use by the students. Temperament was investigated using the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto- Questionnaire (TEMPS-A (short version)). Additionally, we assessed demographics variables and perceived stress in the context of cannabis use, and analyzed the findings using logistic regression. The prevalence of recreational cannabis use was 8.45%. Recreational cannabis use among these students was highly associated with irritable and cyclothymic temperament traits. There was no association between recreational cannabis use and perceived stress, and demographic variables or other substance use. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that higher scores in cyclothymic or irritable temperament traits are significant predictors for recreational cannabis use. Our study has identified key temperament traits, with a strong association with recreational use of cannabis of the studied student population. Our findings are useful in designing screening and educational strategies directed towards increasing the wellbeing of medical students.
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Dietz P, Reichel JL, Edelmann D, Werner AM, Tibubos AN, Schäfer M, Simon P, Letzel S, Pfirrmann D. A Systematic Umbrella Review on the Epidemiology of Modifiable Health Influencing Factors and on Health Promoting Interventions Among University Students. Front Public Health 2020; 8:137. [PMID: 32411645 PMCID: PMC7198755 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Universities represent an important setting for health promotion. The unique collective of university students is of particular relevance since they are the leaders, decision-makers, and parents of tomorrow. In this context, modifiable health influencing factors as well as interventions to prevent these, play a crucial role. Therefore, the present umbrella review aims to (i) provide an overview of review articles addressing epidemiological issues (prevalence and determinants) of modifiable health influencing factors in university students and (ii) to provide an overview of review articles addressing the evidence of interventions to promote/enhance modifiable health influencing factors in university students. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Reviews Library und Web of Science according to the PRISMA guidelines. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR-2-Tool was used for the quality assessment. Result: The initial search resulted in 10,726 records of which 81 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a further distinction in articles with an epidemiological focus (n = 39) and in articles with interventional approaches (n = 42). Topics of the different review articles ranged from physical activity over mental health, substance use, sleep, diet and nutrition, and media consumption. Many review articles had a specific focus on medical and nursing students and originated from the U.S.A., U.K., or China. Discussion: This umbrella review provides an overview of review articles on the epidemiology of modifiable health influencing factors and on the evidence of interventions targeting these factors among university students. Thereby, experts as well as stakeholders in the field could gain insights into crucial target points for health promotion. It identifies research gaps in terms of study region and groups of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Reichel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Edelmann
- Department Sport Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonia M. Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana Nanette Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Schäfer
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department Sport Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Pfirrmann
- Department Sport Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Heradstveit O, Skogen JC, Edland-Gryt M, Hesse M, Vallentin-Holbech L, Lønning KJ, Sivertsen B. Self-Reported Illicit Drug Use Among Norwegian University and College Students. Associations With Age, Gender, and Geography. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:543507. [PMID: 33362594 PMCID: PMC7758438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.543507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Several studies have pointed to relatively high levels of illicit drug use among students in higher education compared to the general population. The aim of the present study was to provide an updated examination of self-reported illicit drug use among Norwegian University and college students. Methods: Data stem from the SHoT study (Students' Health and Well-being Study), a nationwide cross-sectional survey for higher education in Norway including Norwegian full-time students aged 18-35. Self-reported illicit drug use across a range of specified drugs comprised the outcome variables. Information on gender, age, and study location (geographical area) was also collected and used as stratification variables. The SHoT-survey from 2018 (N = 50,054) was used for the analyses of associations between demographical variables and illicit drug use, while trends in illicit drug use were estimated by comparing the 2018-results with data from the SHoT-surveys conducted in 2010 and 2014. Results: The proportion of students reporting having ever tried illicit drugs increased from 2014 to 2018, for both males (30.8 vs. 36.7%) and females (17.5 vs. 24.0%, both p < 0.001), while only minimal changes occurred between 2010 and 2014. The most commonly used illicit drugs during the past 12 months in 2018 were cannabis (15.2%), followed by MDMA (4.0%), cocaine (3.0%), and LSD/psilocybin (2.1%). Illicit drug use showed both linear increase with age, and inverted U-shaped relationships that peaked in the age span from 23 to 28 years of age. Males reported higher illicit drug use compared with females for all drugs. Proportions of illicit drug use varied across geographical areas within the country, with the highest use being reported in the Oslo area (the largest city and capital of Norway). Conclusions: The present study reports an increase from 2010 to 2018 among Norwegian University and college students in the proportion of those reporting to have tried illicit drugs. Despite varying proportions of use across type of drug, age, gender, and geographical location, the overall high levels of illicit drug use past 12 months confirm the need to address illicit drug use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marit Edland-Gryt
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Hesse
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Vallentin-Holbech
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kari-Jussie Lønning
- Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway.,The Student Welfare Association of Oslo and Akershus (SiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Farrell SM, Kar A, Valsraj K, Mukherjee S, Kunheri B, Molodynski A, George S. Wellbeing and burnout in medical students in India; a large scale survey. Int Rev Psychiatry 2019; 31:555-562. [PMID: 31774379 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1688047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Medical students in India completed an anonymous online questionnaire regarding mental health and wellbeing, including Oldenburg burnout ratings, CAGE questionnaires, and general health questionnaire (GHQ12). Out of 597 student responses, over 80% were characterised as experiencing burnout. This study highlights the need to further examine this issue, including possible causes and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marie Farrell
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anindya Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Koravangattu Valsraj
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, India
| | - Shuvankar Mukherjee
- Department of Community Medicine, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Beena Kunheri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - Andrew Molodynski
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanju George
- Rajagiri School of Behavioural Sciences and Research, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kochi, India
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17
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Alcohol and Cannabis Intake in Nursing Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100628. [PMID: 31554263 PMCID: PMC6843613 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Drug misuse among young people has become a major worldwide health concern. The present study analyzes substance misuse and its social and personal consequences in young university students. Materials and Methods: Screening of alcohol misuse was based on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), while screening of substance-related risks and problems was performed with the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) score. Results: The population was composed of nursing students at the University of Valencia (Valencia, Spain) (n = 185). More than 50% of the surveyed students reported alcohol intake based on the CRAFFT scale; 31.4% were classified as having “risky alcohol use”, and 19.5% met the criterion for hazardous drinking based on the AUDIT score. In turn, 34.1% of the sample reported marijuana/hashish intake based on the CRAFFT scale. A gender effect was only observed for marijuana/hashish use, which was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in male students. No other gender differences were observed. In the logistic regression analysis, only age was identified as a protective factor for obtaining a reduced risk score with both the AUDIT and the CRAFFT. Among the social and personal consequences of drug misuse, the inability to “stop drinking once you have started” or the inability to “remember what happened while consuming” was significantly associated with an increased frequency of alcohol consumption (OR 20.93, p < 0.0001 and OR 13.68, p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with emerging social concerns about drug misuse in the university population, including nursing students as future healthcare professionals.
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