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Afarid M, Azimi A, Meshksar A, Sanie-Jahromi F. Interferons in vitreoretinal diseases; a review on their clinical application, and mechanism of action. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:223. [PMID: 38727788 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review investigates the therapeutic benefits of interferons (IFNs) in vitreoretinal diseases, focusing on their regulatory roles in innate immunological reactions and angiogenesis. The study aims to categorize the clinical outcomes of IFN applications and proposes a molecular mechanism underlying their action. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to identify randomized clinical trials, case series, and case-control studies related to IFNs' impact on vitreoretinal diseases (1990-2022). The data synthesis involved an in-depth analysis of the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis effects of IFNs across various studies. RESULTS Our findings indicate that IFNs exhibit efficacy in treating inflammation-associated vitreoretinal disorders. However, a lack of sufficient evidence exists regarding the suitability of IFNs in angiogenesis-associated vitreoretinal diseases like choroidal neovascularization and diabetic retinopathies. The synthesis of data suggests that IFNs may not be optimal for managing advanced stages of angiogenesis-associated disorders. CONCLUSION While IFNs emerge as promising therapeutic candidates for inflammation-related vitreoretinal diseases, caution is warranted in their application for angiogenesis-associated disorders, especially in advanced stages. Further research is needed to elucidate the nuanced molecular pathways of IFN action, guiding their targeted use in specific vitreoretinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Afarid
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Azimi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aidin Meshksar
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran.
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Nociti V, Romozzi M. The Role of BDNF in Multiple Sclerosis Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098447. [PMID: 37176155 PMCID: PMC10178984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammation is observed in all stages of MS, both within and around the lesions, and can have beneficial and detrimental effects on MS pathogenesis. A possible mechanism for the neuroprotective effect in MS involves the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by immune cells in peripheral blood and inflammatory lesions, as well as by microglia and astrocytes within the CNS. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor that plays a key role in neuroplasticity and neuronal survival. This review aims to analyze the current understanding of the role that inflammation plays in MS, including the factors that contribute to both beneficial and detrimental effects. Additionally, it explores the potential role of BDNF in MS, as it may modulate neuroinflammation and provide neuroprotection. By obtaining a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between inflammation and BDNF, new therapeutic strategies for MS may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Nociti
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Romozzi
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Rajendran R, Rajendran V, Gupta L, Shirvanchi K, Schunin D, Karnati S, Giraldo-Velásquez M, Berghoff M. Interferon Beta-1a versus Combined Interferon Beta-1a and Oligodendrocyte-Specific FGFR1 Deletion in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012183. [PMID: 36293040 PMCID: PMC9603153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant beta interferons-1 (IFNβ-1) are used as first line therapies in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS. IFNβ-1a/b has moderate effects on the prevention of relapses and slowing of disease progression. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) are known to play a key role in the pathology of MS and its model EAE. To investigate the effects of short-term treatment with s.c. IFNβ-1a versus the combined application of s.c. IFNβ-1a and oligodendrocyte-specific deletion of FGFR1 (Fgfr1ind−/− mice) in MOG35-55-induced EAE. IFNβ-1a (30 mg/kg) was applied s.c. from days 0–7 p.i. of EAE in controls and Fgfr1ind−/− mice. FGFR signaling proteins associated with inflammation/degeneration in MS/EAE were analyzed by western blot in the spinal cord. Further, FGFR1 in Oli-neu oligodendrocytes were inhibited by PD166866 and treated with IFNβ-1a (400 ng/mL). Application of IFNβ-1a over 8 days resulted in less symptoms only at the peak of disease (days 9–11) compared to controls. Application of IFNβ-1a in Fgfr1ind−/− mice resulted in less symptoms primarily in the chronic phase of EAE. Fgfr1ind−/− mice treated with IFNβ-1a showed increased expression of pERK and BDNF. In Oli-neu oligodendrocytes, treatment with PD166866 and IFNβ-1a also showed an increased expression of pERK and BDNF/TrkB. These data suggest that the beneficial effects in the chronic phase of EAE and on signaling molecules associated with ERK and BDNF expression are caused by the modulation of FGFR1 and not by interferon beta-1a. FGFR may be a potential target for therapy in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Vinothkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liza Gupta
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kian Shirvanchi
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Darja Schunin
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Berghoff
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-98544306; Fax: +49-641-98545329
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Biernacki T, Kokas Z, Sandi D, Füvesi J, Fricska-Nagy Z, Faragó P, Kincses TZ, Klivényi P, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Emerging Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis in the Blood and the CSF: A Focus on Neurofilaments and Therapeutic Considerations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063383. [PMID: 35328802 PMCID: PMC8951485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people. This is due to the permanent disability, cognitive impairment, and the enormous detrimental impact MS can exert on a patient's health-related quality of life. It is of great importance to recognise it in time and commence adequate treatment at an early stage. The currently used disease-modifying therapies (DMT) aim to reduce disease activity and thus halt disability development, which in current clinical practice are monitored by clinical and imaging parameters but not by biomarkers found in blood and/or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both clinical and radiological measures routinely used to monitor disease activity lack information on the fundamental pathophysiological features and mechanisms of MS. Furthermore, they lag behind the disease process itself. By the time a clinical relapse becomes evident or a new lesion appears on the MRI scan, potentially irreversible damage has already occurred in the CNS. In recent years, several biomarkers that previously have been linked to other neurological and immunological diseases have received increased attention in MS. Additionally, other novel, potential biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic properties have been detected in the CSF and blood of MS patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarise the most up-to-date knowledge and research conducted on the already known and most promising new biomarker candidates found in the CSF and blood of MS patients. DISCUSSION the current diagnostic criteria of MS relies on three pillars: MRI imaging, clinical events, and the presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF (which was reinstated into the diagnostic criteria by the most recent revision). Even though the most recent McDonald criteria made the diagnosis of MS faster than the prior iteration, it is still not an infallible diagnostic toolset, especially at the very early stage of the clinically isolated syndrome. Together with the gold standard MRI and clinical measures, ancillary blood and CSF biomarkers may not just improve diagnostic accuracy and speed but very well may become agents to monitor therapeutic efficacy and make even more personalised treatment in MS a reality in the near future. The major disadvantage of these biomarkers in the past has been the need to obtain CSF to measure them. However, the recent advances in extremely sensitive immunoassays made their measurement possible from peripheral blood even when present only in minuscule concentrations. This should mark the beginning of a new biomarker research and utilisation era in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsófia Kokas
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Judit Füvesi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsanett Fricska-Nagy
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Péter Faragó
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Tamás Zsigmond Kincses
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-356; Fax: +36-62-545-597
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Radandish M, Khalilian P, Esmaeil N. The Role of Distinct Subsets of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of MS and the Impact of Different Therapeutic Agents on These Populations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667705. [PMID: 34489926 PMCID: PMC8417824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Besides the vital role of T cells, other immune cells, including B cells, innate immune cells, and macrophages (MФs), also play a critical role in MS pathogenesis. Tissue-resident MФs in the brain’s parenchyma, known as microglia and monocyte-derived MФs, enter into the CNS following alterations in CNS homeostasis that induce inflammatory responses in MS. Although the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of monocyte-derived MФs and resident MФs are required to maintain CNS tolerance, they can release inflammatory cytokines and reactivate primed T cells during neuroinflammation. In the CNS of MS patients, elevated myeloid cells and activated MФs have been found and associated with demyelination and axonal loss. Thus, according to the role of MФs in neuroinflammation, they have attracted attention as a therapeutic target. Also, due to their different origin, location, and turnover, other strategies may require to target the various myeloid cell populations. Here we review the role of distinct subsets of MФs in the pathogenesis of MS and different therapeutic agents that target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Radandish
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalilian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Gezmis H, Doran T, Mayda Domac F, Yucel D, Karaci R, Kirac D. CD4+ and CD25+ T-cell response to short-time interferon-beta therapy on IL10, IL23A and FOXP3 genes in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14238. [PMID: 33884734 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Interferon-beta (IFN-β), multiple sclerosis (MS) drug for years, does not have therapeutic effects on each patient. Yet, a considerable portion has experienced no therapeutic response to IFN-β. Therefore, it is necessary to determine disease-specific biomarkers that affect drug response. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of interleukin 10 (IL10) and 23 (IL23A), as well as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) genes on MS after IFN-β therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 42 MS patients were isolated to obtain CD4+ and CD25+ T cells. Both cell types were characterised by flow cytometry. To determine optimum drug concentration of IFN-β, cytotoxicity assays were assessed on each cell type for 4, 16, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Then, cells were cultured in the presence of 500 IU/mL of IFN-β. cDNA synthesis was performed after mRNA extraction. RT-PCR was performed to measure gene expressions of IL10, IL23A and FOXP3. Results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS It was found that the cytotoxic effect of IFN-β was more efficient as the exposure time was expanded regardless of drug concentration. Moreover, CD25+ T lymphocytes were more resistant to IFN-β. IL23A was down-regulated, whereas FOXP3 was up-regulated at 48 hours in CD4+ T cells. For CD25+ T cells, the graded increase in FOXP3 was obtained while IL10 expression was gradually decreased throughout the drug intake. CONCLUSION Although a considerable change in expression was obtained, the long-term IFN-β effect on both genes and cells should be determined by follow-up at least a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Gezmis
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Tansu Doran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Mayda Domac
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yucel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Karaci
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oraby MI, El Masry HA, Abd El Shafy SS, Abdul Galil EM. Serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a potential biomarker for disease activity. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is secreted by immune cells in response to neuroimmune and inflammatory cascades as an act to prevent axonal and neuronal damage after various pathological insults. The serum level of BDNF is altered in a diversity of neurological diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate the serum level of BDNF in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and the relation between BDNF and disease activity and severity.
Methods
A case–control study was conducted on 90 subjects: 60 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (30 in relapse and 30 in remission) on different lines of medical treatment and 30 healthy volunteers as a control. Clinical, functional, and radiological evaluation was done for the patients, and all the patients and controls were subjected to assessment of the serum level of BDNF by sandwich-ELISA technique.
Results
The BDNF level was significantly higher in MS patients in relapse than in patients in remission (P value = 0.006). In the remission group, there was no significant linear correlation between different MS patients’ characteristics and BDNF level, while in the relapse group, a positive linear correlation was found between the number of T2 infratentorial lesions and BDNF level (r = 0.402, P = 0.028). There was no statistically significant difference between the BDNF level in patients administered different drugs for MS in both remission and relapse groups (P value > 0.05).
Conclusion
BDNF was significantly higher in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients in the relapse phase. Attention should be paid to the link between serum BDNF level as a neuroprotective factor and multiple sclerosis; it can be a biomarker for MS activity in the near future.
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Karmand Z, Hartung HP, Neuhaus O. Interferon beta-1a induces expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human T lymphocytes in vitro and not in vivo. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To detect IFN β-1a-induced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to undermine the hypothesis of IFN β-1a-associated neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The influence of IFN β-1a on in vitro activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors was tested. Proliferation analyses were made to detect T-cell growth. BDNF expression was measured by standard ELISA. To assess the influence of IFN β-1a on BDNF expression in vivo, BDNF serum levels of MS patients treated with IFN β-1a were compared with those of untreated patients. Results: IFN β-1a inhibited T-cell proliferation dose dependently. It induced BDNF expression at middle concentrations. MS patients treated with IFN β-1a exhibited significantly lower BDNF serum levels than untreated patients. Conclusion: IFN β-1a may promote neuroprotection by inducing BDNF expression, but its importance in vivo remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarlascht Karmand
- Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Department of Neurology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Department of Neurology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Neuhaus
- Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Department of Neurology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- SRH Krankenhaus Sigmaringen, Department of Neurology, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
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Naghashpour M, Amani R, Sarkaki A, Ghadiri AA, Samarbaf-Zadeh A, Jafarirad S, Rouhizadeh A, Saki A. Riboflavin may ameliorate neurological motor disability but not spatial learning and memory impairments in murine model of multiple sclerosis. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Li R, Patterson KR, Bar-Or A. Reassessing B cell contributions in multiple sclerosis. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:696-707. [PMID: 29925992 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate-adaptive interface and their potential to modulate the responses of other immune cells such as T cells and myeloid cells. These B cell functions can have both pathogenic and protective effects in the context of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Here, we review recent advances in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS), which has traditionally been viewed as primarily a T cell-mediated disease, and we consider antibody-dependent and, particularly, emerging antibody-independent functions of B cells that may be relevant in both the peripheral and CNS disease compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET) and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina R Patterson
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET) and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET) and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Stampanoni Bassi M, Iezzi E, Marfia GA, Simonelli I, Musella A, Mandolesi G, Fresegna D, Pasqualetti P, Furlan R, Finardi A, Mataluni G, Landi D, Gilio L, Centonze D, Buttari F. Platelet-derived growth factor predicts prolonged relapse-free period in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:108. [PMID: 29655371 PMCID: PMC5899838 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the early phases of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), a clear correlation between brain lesion load and clinical disability is often lacking, originating the so-called clinico-radiological paradox. Different factors may contribute to such discrepancy. In particular, synaptic plasticity may reduce the clinical expression of brain damage producing enduring enhancement of synaptic strength largely dependent on neurotrophin-induced protein synthesis. Cytokines released by the immune cells during acute inflammation can alter synaptic transmission and plasticity possibly influencing the clinical course of MS. In addition, immune cells may promote brain repair during the post-acute phases, by secreting different growth factors involved in neuronal and oligodendroglial cell survival. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a neurotrophic factor that could be particularly involved in clinical recovery. Indeed, PDGF promotes long-term potentiation of synaptic activity in vitro and in MS and could therefore represent a key factor improving the clinical compensation of new brain lesions. The aim of the present study is to explore whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PDGF concentrations at the time of diagnosis may influence the clinical course of RR-MS. Methods At the time of diagnosis, we measured in 100 consecutive early MS patients the CSF concentrations of PDGF, of the main pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and of reliable markers of neuronal damage. Clinical and radiological parameters of disease activity were prospectively collected during follow-up. Results CSF PDGF levels were positively correlated with prolonged relapse-free survival. Radiological markers of disease activity, biochemical markers of neuronal damage, and clinical parameters of disease progression were instead not influenced by PDGF concentrations. Higher CSF PDGF levels were associated with an anti-inflammatory milieu within the central nervous system. Conclusions Our results suggest that PDGF could promote a more prolonged relapse-free period during the course of RR-MS, without influencing inflammation reactivation and inflammation-driven neuronal damage and likely enhancing adaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Stampanoni Bassi
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ennio Iezzi
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Girolama A Marfia
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Service of Medical Statistics & Information Technology, Fondazione Fatebenefratelli per la Ricerca e la Formazione Sanitaria e Sociale, Lungotevere de' Cenci 5, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Service of Medical Statistics & Information Technology, Fondazione Fatebenefratelli per la Ricerca e la Formazione Sanitaria e Sociale, Lungotevere de' Cenci 5, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mataluni
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Landi
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Gilio
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. .,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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12
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels under chronic natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis. A preliminary report. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2017; 51:221-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Avolio E, Fazzari G, Mele M, Alò R, Zizza M, Jiao W, Di Vito A, Barni T, Mandalà M, Canonaco M. Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Paradigm Established Effects of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine on Neurodegeneration-Linked Depressive States in Hamsters with Brain Endothelial Damages. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6446-6458. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Discussions of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology tend to focus on T cells and B cells of the adaptive immune response. The innate immune system is less commonly considered in this context, although dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and microglia - collectively referred to as myeloid cells - have prominent roles in MS pathogenesis. These populations of myeloid cells function as antigen-presenting cells and effector cells in neuroinflammation. Furthermore, a vicious cycle of interactions between T cells and myeloid cells exacerbates pathology. Several disease-modifying therapies are now available to treat MS, and insights into their mechanisms of action have largely focused on the adaptive immune system, but these therapies also have important effects on myeloid cells. In this Review, we discuss the evidence for the roles of myeloid cells in MS and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS, and consider how interactions between myeloid cells and T cells and/or B cells promote MS pathology. Finally, we discuss the direct and indirect effects of existing MS medications on myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Mishra
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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15
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Interferon-β Inhibits Neurotrophin 3 Signalling and Pro-Survival Activity by Upregulating the Expression of Truncated TrkC-T1 Receptor. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1825-1843. [PMID: 26887385 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although clinically useful for the treatment of various diseases, type I interferons (IFNs) have been implicated as causative factors of a number of neuroinflammatory disorders characterized by neuronal damage and altered CNS functions. As neurotrophin 3 (NT3) plays a critical role in neuroprotection, we examined the effects of IFN-β on the signalling and functional activity of the NT3/TrkC system. We found that prolonged exposure of differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to IFN-β impaired the ability of NT3 to induce transphosphorylation of the full-length TrkC receptor (TrkC-FL) and the phosphorylation of downstream signalling molecules, including PLCγ1, Akt, GSK-3β and ERK1/2. NT3 was effective in protecting the cells against apoptosis triggered by serum withdrawal or thapsigargin but not IFN-β. Prolonged exposure to the cytokine had little effects on TrkC-FL levels but markedly enhanced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of the truncated isoform TrkC-T1, a dominant-negative receptor that inhibits TrkC-FL activity. Cell depletion of TrkC-T1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment enhanced NT3 signalling through TrkC-FL and allowed the neurotrophin to counteract IFN-β-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the upregulation of TrkC-T1 by IFN-β was associated with the inhibition of NT3-induced recruitment of the scaffold protein tamalin to TrkC-T1 and tamalin tyrosine phosphorylation. These data indicate that IFN-β exerts a negative control on NT3 pro-survival signalling through a novel mechanism involving the upregulation of TrkC-T1.
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16
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Wang Q, Mao-Draayer Y. Interferon beta (IFN-β) treatment exerts potential neuroprotective effects through neurotrophic factors and novel neurotensin/neurotensin high affinity receptor 1 pathway. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:1932-3. [PMID: 26889174 PMCID: PMC4730810 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.169636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yang Mao-Draayer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Impaired Neurovisceral Integration of Cardiovascular Modulation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Morbidities. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:362-374. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Increased Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Interferon-β and Its Impact on Functional Abilities. Neurologist 2015; 20:57-60. [DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Sternberg Z, Leung C, Sternberg D, Yu J, Hojnacki D. Disease Modifying Therapies Modulate Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 32:33-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zohara Sternberg
- Department of Neurology; Stroke Center; Buffalo Medical Center; Buffalo NY USA
| | - Christopher Leung
- Department of Neurology; Stroke Center; Buffalo Medical Center; Buffalo NY USA
| | - Daniel Sternberg
- Department of Neurology; Stroke Center; Buffalo Medical Center; Buffalo NY USA
| | - Jinhee Yu
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| | - David Hojnacki
- Department of Neurology; Stroke Center; Buffalo Medical Center; Buffalo NY USA
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20
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Lühder F, Gold R, Flügel A, Linker RA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuroimmunology: lessons learned from multiple sclerosis patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:95-105. [PMID: 23283517 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of neuroprotective autoimmunity implies that immune cells, especially autoantigen-specific T cells, infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) after injury and contribute to neuroregeneration and repair by secreting soluble factors. Amongst others, neurotrophic factors and neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) are considered to play an important role in this process. New data raise the possibility that this concept could also be extended to neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) where autoantigen-specific T cells infiltrate the CNS, causing axonal/neuronal damage on the one hand, but also providing neuroprotective support on the other hand. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on BDNF levels analyzed in MS patients in different compartments and its correlation with clinical parameters. Furthermore, new approaches in experimental animal models are discussed that attempt to decipher the functional relevance of BDNF in autoimmune demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Lühder
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and The Hertie Foundation, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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21
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Kürtüncü M, Tüzün E, Türkoğlu R, Petek-Balcı B, İçöz S, Pehlivan M, Birişik Ö, Ulusoy C, Shugaiv E, Akman-Demir G, Eraksoy M. Effect of short-term interferon-β treatment on cytokines in multiple sclerosis: Significant modulation of IL-17 and IL-23. Cytokine 2012; 59:400-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Lindquist S, Hassinger S, Lindquist JA, Sailer M. The balance of pro-inflammatory and trophic factors in multiple sclerosis patients: effects of acute relapse and immunomodulatory treatment. Mult Scler 2011; 17:851-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458511399797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: In multiple sclerosis inflammation is primarily injurious to the central nervous system, but its therapeutic suppression might inhibit repair-promoting factors. Objectives: We aimed at better describing the complexity of biological effects during an acute relapse and analysed the effects of intervention with high-dose i.v. glucocorticoids and immunomodulatory treatment with interferon-beta (IFNβ). Methods: We studied the intracellular expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) together with the neurotrophins ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients during an acute relapse, after intervention with i.v. methylprednisolone and at baseline, using a highly quantitative flow-cytometric approach. Results: We demonstrated the expression of CNTF in human leucocytes. We showed that CNTF levels differed in acutely relapsing multiple sclerosis patients compared with controls and increased after corticosteroid treatment. CNTF can counteract the toxicity of TNFα towards oligodendrocytes and we found TNFα increased during acute relapses. Following corticosteroids, neither TNFα nor iNOS expression was reduced. Levels of BDNF were not affected by glucocorticoids, but increased during IFNβ therapy. However, IFNβ also increased the expression of iNOS and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), underlining its immunomodulatory potential. Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis patients might benefit from reparative, and not solely from anti-inflammatory, effects of glucocorticoids. Interactive effects of glucocorticoid- and IFNβ-treatment need to be considered to improve neuroprotection and remyelination resulting from immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hassinger
- University Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Co-senior authors
| | - Michael Sailer
- University Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Centre for Neurological Rehabilitation, Magdeburg, Germany
- Co-senior authors
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23
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Hedegaard CJ, Sellebjerg F, Krakauer M, Hesse D, Bendtzen K, Nielsen CH. Interferon-beta increases systemic BAFF levels in multiple sclerosis without increasing autoantibody production. Mult Scler 2010; 17:567-77. [PMID: 21177756 DOI: 10.1177/1352458510393771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with interferon-beta (IFN-beta) increases B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) expression in multiple sclerosis (MS), raising the concern that treatment of MS patients with IFN-beta may activate autoimmune B cells and stimulate the production of MS-associated autoantibodies. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether BAFF levels are associated with disease severity/activity in untreated MS patients, and to assess the effect of IFN-beta therapy on circulating BAFF and anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) autoantibody levels. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were followed longitudinally from initiation of IFN-beta therapy. Their blood levels of BAFF correlated positively at baseline with the expanded disability status scale (p<0.009) and MS severity score (p<0.05), but not with disease activity as determined by the number of gadolinium-enhanced lesions. The patients were followed for up to 26 months, during which the BAFF levels remained elevated without association to increased disease activity. IFN-beta therapy caused an increase in plasma BAFF levels after both 3 and 6 months of therapy (p<0.002). However, an 11% decrease in IgM and a 33% decrease in IgG anti-MBP autoantibodies (p<0.09 and p<0.009, respectively) was observed after 6 months. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment BAFF levels correlate with high disability scores in MS, suggesting that high BAFF expression is a negative prognostic marker. Despite its known beneficial effects, IFN-beta therapy causes a sustained increase in plasma BAFF levels, which does not translate into increased levels of anti-MBP autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Hedegaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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24
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Vogelgesang A, Rosenberg S, Skrzipek S, Bröker BM, Dressel A. Mitoxantrone treatment in multiple sclerosis induces TH2-type cytokines. Acta Neurol Scand 2010; 122:237-43. [PMID: 19925529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitoxantrone is a cytotoxic drug with immune modulatory properties used in the treatment of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). We explored the effect of mitoxantrone treatment in MS patients on cytokine patterns induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T-cell subsets ex vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood was obtained before mitoxantrone infusion and 6, 12 and 18 days thereafter. Proliferation and prototypic TH1-, TH17- and TH2-type cytokines were determined following in vitro stimulation of PBMC, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, a patient cohort receiving its first mitoxantrone treatment was cross-sectionally compared with a cohort of patients with more than 1 year of treatment. RESULTS Mitoxantrone treatment increased the ex vivo production of the TH2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4; P < 0.05) and IL-5 (P < 0.001) in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4+ T cells within 18 days of treatment. The cross-sectional study revealed that long-term treatment with mitoxantrone increased the inducibility of IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by PBMCs and CD4+ T cells even further. No significant changes were observed for interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-17 and IL-10. Mitoxantrone did not alter the proliferative capacity of ex vivo-stimulated T cells. CONCLUSION Mitoxantrone treatment in MS enhances the inducibility of TH2-type cytokines, which may contribute to its beneficial effects in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vogelgesang
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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25
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Boyko AN. Clinical effects and tolerability of high-dose, high-frequency recombinant interferon beta-1a in patients with multiple sclerosis: maximizing therapy through long-term adherence. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:653-66. [PMID: 20218924 DOI: 10.1517/14712591003702361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD High-dose, high-frequency IFN beta-1a in multiple sclerosis (MS) can prevent lesion formation, decrease the frequency/severity of relapses and delay progression of disability, with a proven safety profile. Rates of non-adherence are high. There are drugs under investigation that may have greater efficacy and different safety profiles from existing therapies. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Evidence supporting the efficacy of IFN beta-1a, factors contributing to non-adherence, and strategies to combat non-adherence. It is hoped that these strategies, coupled with future advances in pharmacogenetics, might lead to better outcomes. The PubMed database was searched using the terms "multiple sclerosis" and "interferon beta-1a", for papers published between 1998 and 2010. Relevant manuscripts and pivotal papers from clinical trials were cited. Searches of abstracts from congresses were also performed to obtain recent findings. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN An overview of early pivotal trials, comparative studies with other treatments, and recent studies assessing the development of this therapy. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Long-term treatment with IFN beta-1a has benefits in MS and a good safety profile. Although adherence outside of clinical trials can be poor, injection devices, better tolerated drug formulations and education regarding treatment expectations are some of the strategies employed to help patients to adhere to treatment in the hope of improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N Boyko
- Russian State Medical University, City Hospital #11, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Dvitsev 6, 127018 Moscow, Russia.
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26
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Yoshimura S, Ochi H, Isobe N, Matsushita T, Motomura K, Matsuoka T, Minohara M, Kira JI. Altered production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by peripheral blood immune cells in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16:1178-88. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458510375706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Within multiple sclerosis lesions, brain-derived neurotrophic factor is detected in neurons and immunocytes. Objective: To clarify brain-derived neurotrophic factor production by peripheral blood immunocytes and its relationship with clinical parameters in multiple sclerosis. Methods: Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while brain-derived neurotrophic factor production by immunocytes was determined by an in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 74 multiple sclerosis patients, 32 healthy controls, and 86 patients with other neurological diseases. The tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Multiple sclerosis patients showed significantly higher serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels than healthy controls and patients with other neurological diseases. Multiple sclerosis patients with high brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were younger, and showed fewer relapse numbers than those with low brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor production by T cells increased with age in healthy controls, but not in multiple sclerosis patients. Interferon beta induced a significant increase in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor production from T cells and TrkB expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly enhanced in interferon beta-treated multiple sclerosis patients compared with untreated ones. Conclusions: A high brain-derived neurotrophic factor level is related to early mild disease in young multiple sclerosis patients. Interferon beta potentiates brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which may act beneficially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ochi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Motomura
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motozumi Minohara
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,
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27
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Vergara D, Martignago R, Bonsegna S, De Nuccio F, Santino A, Nicolardi G, Maffia M. IFN-β reverses the lipopolysaccharide-induced proteome modifications in treated astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 221:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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De Santi L, Annunziata P, Sessa E, Bramanti P. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB receptor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2009; 287:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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29
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Interferon-β therapy up-regulates BDNF secretion from PBMCs of MS patients through a CD40-dependent mechanism. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 211:114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Hartung HP. High-dose, high-frequency recombinant interferon beta-1a in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10:291-309. [PMID: 19236200 DOI: 10.1517/14656560802677882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is at present no cure for multiple sclerosis (MS), and existing therapies are designed primarily to prevent lesion formation, decrease the rate and severity of relapses and delay the resulting disability by reducing levels of inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to assess the treatment of relapsing MS with particular focus on subcutaneous (s.c.) interferon (IFN) beta-1a. METHOD The literature on IFN beta-1a therapy of MS was reviewed based on a PubMed search (English-language publications from 1990) including its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy in relapsing MS as shown in placebo-controlled studies and in comparative trials, efficacy in secondary progressive MS, safety and tolerability, and the impact of neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION The literature suggests that high-dose, high-frequency s.c. IFN beta-1a offers an effective option for treating patients with relapsing MS, with proven long-term safety and tolerability, and has a favourable benefit-to-risk ratio compared with other forms of IFN beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hartung
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Department of Neurology, Moorenstreet 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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31
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Mirowska-Guzel D. The role of neurotrophic factors in the pathology and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:32-8. [PMID: 18792835 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802379819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of primary autoimmune origin with essential component of subsequent axonal degeneration. It has been found that inflammatory cells crucial for MS pathogenesis are able to release neurotrophic factors (NFs). Thus the concept of neuroprotective effect of inflammation has arisen. Over recent years, increasing number of studies has revealed that NFs play an important role in MS and its animal model - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the current review the evidence for the role of NFs in MS pathogenesis the same as their remarkable potential in MS therapy is presented.
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32
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Hedegaard CJ, Chen N, Sellebjerg F, Sørensen PS, Leslie RGQ, Bendtzen K, Nielsen CH. Autoantibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP) in healthy individuals and in patients with multiple sclerosis: a role in regulating cytokine responses to MBP. Immunology 2008; 128:e451-61. [PMID: 19191913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-myelin basic protein (-MBP) autoantibodies have generally been considered to be absent from sera from healthy individuals, but to be detectable in sera from some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, their pathogenic role is uncertain. We demonstrate the presence of MBP-reactive autoantibodies in sera from 17 healthy individuals and 17 MS patients. The addition of MBP to the sera caused a dose-dependent deposition of MBP and co-deposition of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and fragments of complement component 3 (C3) on allogeneic monocytes. Calcium chelation abrogated the immunoglobulin deposition, indicating that formation of complement-activating immune complexes played a role in the binding process. Furthermore, MBP elicited tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10 production by normal mononuclear cells in the presence of serum from both patients and controls. Mononuclear cells from MS patients responded to MBP with the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5, in addition to TNF-alpha and IL-10. The production of IFN-gamma and IL-5 was increased when MS serum was added rather than normal serum. Denaturation of MBP strongly inhibited MBP deposition and the MBP-induced IgM deposition and cytokine production, indicating that these events were facilitated by autoantibodies recognizing conformational epitopes on MBP. We infer that MBP-elicited TNF-alpha and IL-10 responses are promoted to equal extents by naturally occurring MBP autoantibodies and autoantibodies contained in MS sera. However, the latter seem to be more efficient in facilitating the production of IFN-gamma and IL-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Hedegaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liguori M, Fera F, Patitucci A, Manna I, Condino F, Valentino P, Telarico P, Cerasa A, Gioia MC, di Palma G, Quattrone A. A longitudinal observation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Brain Res 2008; 1256:123-8. [PMID: 19071096 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This report is part of a 2-year study assessing the functional effect of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and its Val66Met polymorphism on a selected population of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) patients from Southern Italy. For this purpose, we measured the peripheral BDNF expression in RRMS patients compared to healthy controls. The influence of concomitant IFNbeta therapy was also evaluated. Thirty-six inactive RRMS patients and 37 healthy controls were genotyped for BDNF Val66Met, and total RNA was extracted at time-points 0-24 months. The BDNF level was quantified by ABI Prism 7900 HT Sequence Detection System, and its relative expression was calculated by the comparative method of 2(-DeltaDeltaCt). At baseline and after 24 months, the BDNF levels of RRMS patients resulted significantly higher than controls (p=0.001), independently of the concomitant IFNbeta treatment; no correlations were found with the investigated clinical and MRI features of MS. Otherwise, carriers of the Met-allele showed significantly higher levels of BDNF in RRMS patients than healthy controls (p=0.005). These data was replicated after a 24-month interval. The present study confirms the increased levels of peripheral BDNF levels in RRMS, even during the inactive phase of the disease. Although with caution due to the small sample size, it also underscores the potential role of the Val66Met polymorphism on the peripheral BDNF expression in RRMS. Functional studies are needed to better clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Liguori
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Contrada Burga, Mangone, Cosenza 87050, Italy.
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De Santi L, Cantalupo L, Tassi M, Raspadori D, Cioni C, Annunziata P. Higher expression of BDNF receptor gp145trkB is associated with lower apoptosis intensity in T cell lines in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2008; 277:65-70. [PMID: 18992902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting data exist on expression of gp145trkB, the high affinity receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on peripheral blood immunocompetent cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). We analyzed expression of gp145trkB by western blotting and flow cytometry in myelin basic protein (MBP)- and ovalbumin (OVA)-T cell lines prepared from 12 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 12 normal healthy subjects (NHS) and correlated it with activation-induced apoptosis. We found a higher percentage of gp145trkB-expressing MBP-T cells in MS patients than in NHS (p=0.011). gp145trkB was mainly expressed by CD8(+) T cells to a higher extent in MS patients than in NHS (p=0.04). MBP-T cell lines from MS patients showed significantly lower apoptosis intensity than those from NHS (p=0.011). We found also a significant negative correlation between gp145trkB expression and apoptosis intensity in MS patients only (p=0.02). OVA-T cell lines showed a gp145trkB expression similar to that of MBP-T cell lines, with a higher expression in MS patients than NHS, and similar correlations with apoptosis intensity in MS. These findings suggest that gp145trkB is mainly expressed on T cell lines from MS patients and that the BDNF/gp145trkB axis is involved in the regulation of peripheral T cell apoptosis in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo De Santi
- Department of Neurological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Graber JJ, Dhib-Jalbut S. Protective autoimmunity in the nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:147-59. [PMID: 19000712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The immune system can play both detrimental and beneficial roles in the nervous system. Multiple arms of the immune system, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, microglia, antibodies, complement and cytokines participate in limiting damage to the nervous system during toxic, ischemic, hemorrhagic, infective, degenerative, metabolic and immune-mediated insults and also assist in the process of repair after injury has occurred. Immune cells have been shown to produce neurotrophic growth factors and interact with neurons and glial cells to preserve them from injury and stimulate growth and repair. The immune system also appears to participate in proliferation of neural progenitor stem cells and their migration to sites of injury. Neural stem cells can also modify the immune response in the central and peripheral nervous system to enhance neuroprotective effects. Evidence for protective and reparative functions of the immune system has been found in diverse neurologic diseases including traumatic injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, multiple sclerosis, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Existing therapies including glatiramer acetate, interferon-beta and immunoglobulin have been shown to augment the protective and regenerative aspects of the immune system in humans, and other experimental interventions such as vaccination, minocycline, antibodies and neural stem cells, have shown promise in animal models of disease. The beneficent aspects of the immune response in the nervous system are beginning to be appreciated and their potential as pharmacologic targets in neurologic disease is being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome J Graber
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
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Weinstock-Guttman B, Ramanathan M, Zivadinov R. Interferon-beta treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1435-47. [PMID: 18694361 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.9.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant forms of IFN-beta were the first therapeutic intervention found to be effective at interfering with the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and debilitating disease affecting the CNS in young adults. OBJECTIVE/METHODS To examine the application of IFN-beta to MS treatment by a review of relevant literature. RESULTS The different IFN-beta products available are similar in their clinical effects. However, the response to IFN-beta therapy is only partial and the most efficient individual-specific dose, route and frequency of administration are not elucidated fully. The mechanism of action of IFN-beta in MS is also not understood fully but its immunomodulatory effects are probably more important than its anti-proliferative and antiviral activities. CONCLUSIONS Although new therapeutic approaches are being sought to better treat MS, IFN-beta remains one of the most recognized and approved worldwide therapeutic options for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Hedegaard CJ, Krakauer M, Bendtzen K, Sørensen PS, Sellebjerg F, Nielsen CH. The effect of beta-interferon therapy on myelin basic protein-elicited CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production in multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2008; 129:80-9. [PMID: 18653385 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-beta therapy has well-established clinical benefits in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying modulation of cytokine responses to myelin self-antigens remains poorly understood. We analysed the CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine responses elicited by myelin basic protein (MBP) and a foreign recall antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), in mononuclear cell cultures from fourteen MS patients undergoing IFN-beta therapy. The MBP-elicited IFN-gamma-, TNF-alpha- and IL-10 production decreased during therapy (p<0.007-0.03), while the IL-6 production increased (p<0.03). No significant change was observed in the MBP-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation, or in the production of IL-4, IL-5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In comparison, IFN-beta therapy reduced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to TT (p<0.003 and p<0.04). Thus, IFN-beta inhibits IFN-gamma production in general, presumably alleviating the detrimental influence of IFN-gamma in MS. However, the increase in proinflammatory IL-6 and the decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses suggest that IFN-beta has more diverse effects than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Hedegaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Effect of interferon-β and atorvastatin on Th1/Th2 cytokines in multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Int 2008; 53:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lalive PH, Kantengwa S, Benkhoucha M, Juillard C, Chofflon M. Interferon-beta induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 197:147-51. [PMID: 18555540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) achieves its beneficial effect on multiple sclerosis (MS) via anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we assessed the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated or not with IFN-beta. Intracellular BDNF was measured by Western blot and ELISA and compared with serum BDNF. We found higher levels of BDNF in PBMC of IFN-beta-treated versus non-treated patients, whereas serum levels of BDNF were similar. We hypothesize that the increased intracellular BDNF secondary to IFN-beta is not released in the periphery. This release is probably not tissue specific but in MS patients, BDNF could be specifically delivered by PBMC at the site of re-activation, i.e. within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lalive
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuroimmunology Laboratory, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B, Benedict R, Tamaño-Blanco M, Hussein S, Abdelrahman N, Durfee J, Ramanathan M. Preservation of gray matter volume in multiple sclerosis patients with the Met allele of the rs6265 (Val66Met) SNP of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2659-68. [PMID: 17656372 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association of the rs6265 (Val66Met) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with brain morphometry and functional status as measured by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurocognitive testing in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. BDNF is released by neurons and by immune cells in MS brain. The rs6265 SNP variation of BDNF causes substitution of valine (Val) for methionine (Met) and interferes with activity-dependent BDNF secretion. A total of 209 treated MS patients (161 females; 48 males) underwent clinical brain MRI and were genotyped for the BDNF rs6265 Val66Met SNP. A subset of 108 patients had neurocognitive testing for processing speed, memory and executive function. The MRI measurements included T2 and T1-lesion volume (LV); normalized brain volume measures of whole brain (WB) volume, white and gray matter volume (NWMV and NGMV) and the diffusion-weighted imaging measure of WB mean parenchyma diffusivity (MPD). The Met66 allele status was positively associated with NGMV (P = 0.015, standardized beta = 0.15) and negatively associated with T2-LV (P = 0.041, standardized beta = -0.14). There were no significant associations between Met66 allele status and T1-LV, NWMV or MPD. On the Paced Serial Addition Test (PASAT), a trend (P = 0.057) favoring the Met66 allele group was observed. There were no significant associations between Met66 allele status and other neurocognitive measures. The BDNF Met66 allele is associated with lower damage as evidenced by measurement of NGMV and T2-LV in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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