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Porozhan Y, Carstensen M, Thouroude S, Costallat M, Rachez C, Batsché E, Petersen T, Christensen T, Muchardt C. Defective Integrator activity shapes the transcriptome of patients with multiple sclerosis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402586. [PMID: 39029934 PMCID: PMC11259605 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
HP1α/CBX5 is an epigenetic regulator with a suspected role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, using high-depth RNA sequencing on monocytes, we identified a subset of MS patients with reduced CBX5 expression, correlating with progressive stages of the disease and extensive transcriptomic alterations. Examination of rare non-coding RNA species in these patients revealed impaired maturation/degradation of U snRNAs and enhancer RNAs, indicative of reduced activity of the Integrator, a complex with suspected links to increased MS risk. At protein-coding genes, compromised Integrator activity manifested in reduced pre-mRNA splicing efficiency and altered expression of genes regulated by RNA polymerase II pause-release. Inactivation of Cbx5 in the mouse mirrored most of these transcriptional defects and resulted in hypersensitivity to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, our observations suggested a major contribution of the Integrator complex in safeguarding against transcriptional anomalies characteristic of MS, with HP1α/CBX5 emerging as an unexpected regulator of this complex's activity. These findings bring novel insights into the transcriptional aspects of MS and provide potential new criteria for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Porozhan
- https://ror.org/01c2cjg59 Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mikkel Carstensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Forum, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sandrine Thouroude
- https://ror.org/01c2cjg59 Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Costallat
- https://ror.org/01c2cjg59 Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rachez
- https://ror.org/01c2cjg59 Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Eric Batsché
- https://ror.org/01c2cjg59 Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thor Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Jutland and Research Unit in Neurology, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Muchardt
- https://ror.org/01c2cjg59 Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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2
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Ghezzi L, Tosti V, Shi L, Cantoni C, Mikesell R, Lancia S, Zhou Y, Obert K, Dula C, Sen MK, Ge A, Tolentino M, Bollman B, Don AS, Matarese G, Colamatteo A, La Rocca C, Lepore MT, Raji CA, Rahmani F, Wu GF, Naismith RT, Fontana L, Cross AH, Salter A, Piccio L. Randomised controlled trial of intermittent calorie restriction in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-333465. [PMID: 39137977 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calorie restriction (CR) ameliorates preclinical models of multiple sclerosis (MS) via multiple mechanisms. These include decreased leptin, a proinflammatory adipokine, but mechanistic studies in humans are lacking. Tests of daily and intermittent CR (iCR) in people with MS (pwMS) showed improvements in fatigue and well-being measures. This trial studied the effects of 12-week iCR on metabolic, immunological, and clinical outcomes in pwMS. METHOD Relapsing-remitting MS participants were randomised to iCR or a control group. Study visits were conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was reduction in serum leptin levels at 12 weeks. Feasibility and safety were assessed by diet adherence and adverse events (AEs). Secondary outcomes included changes in anthropometric and body composition measures, metabolic and immunologic profiling, and clinical measures. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to evaluate outcome differences between and within groups over time. RESULTS Forty-two pwMS were randomised, 34 completed the study (17/group). Leptin serum levels at 12 weeks were significantly lower in the iCR versus the control group (mean decrease -6.98 µg/dL, 95% CI: -28.02 to 14.06; p=0.03). Adherence to iCR was 99.5% and 97.2% at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, and no serious AEs were reported. An increase in blood CD45RO+ regulatory T-cell numbers was seen after 6 weeks of iCR. Exploratory cognitive testing demonstrated a significant improvement in the Symbol Digit Modality Test Score in the iCR group at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS iCR has the potential to benefit metabolic and immunologic profiles and is safe and feasible in pwMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03539094 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Valeria Tosti
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa Shi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert Mikesell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samantha Lancia
- Department of Neurology, Section on Statistical Planning and Analysis, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Obert
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Courtney Dula
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anjie Ge
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miguel Tolentino
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bryan Bollman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anthony S Don
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia Gaetano Salvatore, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Claudia La Rocca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia Gaetano Salvatore, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia Gaetano Salvatore, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Cyrus A Raji
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert T Naismith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amber Salter
- Department of Neurology, Section on Statistical Planning and Analysis, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Grut V, Biström M, Salzer J, Stridh P, Jons D, Gustafsson R, Huang J, Bergström T, Kockum I, Waterboer T, Olsson T, Sundström P. Interactions between High Seroreactivity to Human Herpes Virus 6A and Epstein-Barr Virus in MS Development: A Presymptomatic Case-Control Study. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:302-305. [PMID: 38860471 DOI: 10.1002/ana.27009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic interactions between human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are hypothesized in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated if HHV-6A and EBV seroreactivities interact regarding the risk of developing MS. Antibodies against viral antigens were analyzed in biobank samples from 670 individuals who later developed MS and matched controls. Additive interactions were analyzed. A significant interaction between HHV-6A and EBNA-1 seroreactivities was observed in study participants above the median age of 24.9 years (attributable proportion due to interaction = 0.45). This finding supports the hypothesis that HHV-6A and EBV infections interact in MS development. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:302-305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Grut
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Biström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jons
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse Huang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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4
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Xing X, Sun Q, Wang R, Wang Y, Wang R. Impacts of glutamate, an exercise-responsive metabolite on insulin signaling. Life Sci 2024; 341:122471. [PMID: 38301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Disruption of the insulin signaling pathway leads to insulin resistance (IR). IR is characterized by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with metabolic indicators and may potentially predict the onset of metabolic diseases. Glutamate receptor antagonists have significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise is a well-known strategy to combat IR. The aims of our narrative review are to summarize preclinical and clinical findings to show the correlations between circulating glutamate levels, IR and metabolic diseases, discuss the causal role of excessive glutamate in IR and metabolic disturbance, and present an overview of the exercise-induced alteration in circulating glutamate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify studies on glutamate, insulin signaling, and exercise in the PubMed database. The search covered articles published from December 1955 to January 2024, using the search terms of "glutamate", "glutamic acid", "insulin signaling", "insulin resistance", "insulin sensitivity", "exercise", and "physical activity". KEY FINDINGS Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with IR. Excessive glutamate can potentially hinder the insulin signaling pathway through various mechanisms, including the activation of ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glutamate can also modify mitochondrial function through Ca2+ and induce purine degradation mediated by AMP deaminase 2. Exercise has the potential to decrease circulating levels of glutamate, which can be attributed to accelerated glutamate catabolism and enhanced glutamate uptake. SIGNIFICANCE Glutamate may act as a mediator in the exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xing
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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5
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Neto A, Fernandes A, Barateiro A. The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1294420. [PMID: 38026693 PMCID: PMC10665538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world's population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Neto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Kim JS. Protein biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. ENCEPHALITIS 2023; 3:54-63. [PMID: 37469674 PMCID: PMC10295828 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to elucidate protein biomarkers in body fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to identify those that may be used for early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), prediction of disease activity, and monitoring of treatment response among MS patients. The potential biomarkers elucidated in this review include neurofilament proteins (NFs), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), and osteopontin (OPN), with each biomarker playing a different role in MS. GFAP, leptin, and CHI3L1 levels were increased in MS patient groups compared to the control group. NFs are the most studied proteins in the MS field, and significant correlations with disease activity, future progression, and treatment outcomes are evident. GFAP CSF level shows a different pattern by MS subtype. Increased concentration of CHI3L1 in the blood/CSF of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is an independent predictive factor of conversion to definite MS. BDNF may be affected by chronic progression of MS. CHI3L1 has potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis of MS and prediction of disability progression, while CXCL13 has potential as a biomarker of prognosis of CIS and reflects MS disease activity. OPN was an indicator of disease severity. A periodic detailed patient evaluation should be performed for MS patients, and broadly and easily accessible biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity in clinical settings should be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Soon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Daboul L, O'Donnell CM, Cao Q, Amin M, Rodrigues P, Derbyshire J, Azevedo C, Bar-Or A, Caverzasi E, Calabresi P, Cree BAC, Freeman L, Henry RG, Longbrake EE, Nakamura K, Oh J, Papinutto N, Pelletier D, Samudralwar RD, Suthiphosuwan S, Schindler MK, Sotirchos ES, Sicotte NL, Solomon AJ, Shinohara RT, Reich DS, Ontaneda D, Sati P. Effect of GBCA Use on Detection and Diagnostic Performance of the Central Vein Sign: Evaluation Using a 3-T FLAIR* Sequence in Patients With Suspected Multiple Sclerosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2023; 220:115-125. [PMID: 35975888 PMCID: PMC10016223 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.22.27731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The central vein sign (CVS) is a proposed MRI biomarker of multiple sclerosis (MS). The impact of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration on CVS evaluation remains poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of GBCA use on CVS detection and on the diagnostic performance of the CVS for MS using a 3-T FLAIR* sequence. METHODS. This study was a secondary analysis of data from the pilot study for the prospective multicenter Central Vein Sign: A Diagnostic Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis (CAVS-MS), which recruited adults with suspected MS from April 2018 to February 2020. Participants underwent 3-T brain MRI including FLAIR and precontrast and post-contrast echo-planar imaging T2*-weighted acquisitions. Postprocessing was used to generate combined FLAIR and T2*-weighted images (hereafter, FLAIR*). MS diagnoses were established using the 2017 McDonald criteria. Thirty participants (23 women, seven men; mean age, 45 years) were randomly selected from the CAVS-MS pilot study cohort. White matter lesions (WMLs) were marked using FLAIR* images. A single observer, blinded to clinical data and GBCA use, reviewed marked WMLs on FLAIR* images for the presence of the CVS. RESULTS. Thirteen of 30 participants had MS. Across participants, on precontrast FLAIR* imaging, 218 CVS-positive and 517 CVS-negative WMLs were identified; on post-contrast FLAIR* imaging, 269 CVS-positive and 459 CVS-negative WMLs were identified. The fraction of WMLs that were CVS-positive on precontrast and postcontrast images was 48% and 58% in participants with MS and 7% and 10% in participants without MS, respectively. The median patient-level CVS-positivity rate on precontrast and postcontrast images was 43% and 67% for participants with MS and 4% and 8% for participants without MS, respectively. In a binomial model adjusting for MS diagnoses, GBCA use was associated with an increased likelihood of at least one CVS-positive WML (odds ratio, 1.6; p < .001). At a 40% CVS-positivity threshold, the sensitivity of the CVS for MS increased from 62% on precontrast images to 92% on postcontrast images (p = .046). Specificity was not significantly different between precontrast (88%) and postcontrast (82%) images (p = .32). CONCLUSION. GBCA use increased CVS detection on FLAIR* images, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the CVS for MS diagnoses. CLINICAL IMPACT. The postcontrast FLAIR* sequence should be considered for CVS evaluation in future investigational trials and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Daboul
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carly M O'Donnell
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Quy Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Moein Amin
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Christina Azevedo
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eduardo Caverzasi
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Leorah Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Roland G Henry
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Kunio Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jiwon Oh
- Division of Neurology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nico Papinutto
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rohini D Samudralwar
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Suradech Suthiphosuwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew K Schindler
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Nancy L Sicotte
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew J Solomon
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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8
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Grut V, Biström M, Salzer J, Stridh P, Lindam A, Alonso-Magdalena L, Andersen O, Jons D, Gunnarsson M, Vrethem M, Hultdin J, Sundström P. Systemic inflammation and risk of multiple sclerosis – A presymptomatic case-control study. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2022; 8:20552173221139768. [DOI: 10.1177/20552173221139768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of systemic inflammation. Increased levels of CRP in young persons have been suggested to decrease the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives To assess CRP as a risk factor for MS. Methods Levels of CRP were measured with a high-sensitive immunoassay in biobank samples from 837 individuals who later developed MS and 984 matched controls. The risk of developing MS was analysed by conditional logistic regression on z-scored CRP values. Results Levels of CRP were not associated with MS risk. Conclusions We found no association between CRP levels and risk of MS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Grut
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Biström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindam
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development Östersund Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucia Alonso-Magdalena
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital and Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oluf Andersen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jons
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Gunnarsson
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Intermittent calorie restriction alters T cell subsets and metabolic markers in people with multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104124. [PMID: 35816900 PMCID: PMC9283513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Biernacki T, Kokas Z, Sandi D, Füvesi J, Fricska-Nagy Z, Faragó P, Kincses TZ, Klivényi P, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Emerging Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis in the Blood and the CSF: A Focus on Neurofilaments and Therapeutic Considerations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063383. [PMID: 35328802 PMCID: PMC8951485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people. This is due to the permanent disability, cognitive impairment, and the enormous detrimental impact MS can exert on a patient's health-related quality of life. It is of great importance to recognise it in time and commence adequate treatment at an early stage. The currently used disease-modifying therapies (DMT) aim to reduce disease activity and thus halt disability development, which in current clinical practice are monitored by clinical and imaging parameters but not by biomarkers found in blood and/or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both clinical and radiological measures routinely used to monitor disease activity lack information on the fundamental pathophysiological features and mechanisms of MS. Furthermore, they lag behind the disease process itself. By the time a clinical relapse becomes evident or a new lesion appears on the MRI scan, potentially irreversible damage has already occurred in the CNS. In recent years, several biomarkers that previously have been linked to other neurological and immunological diseases have received increased attention in MS. Additionally, other novel, potential biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic properties have been detected in the CSF and blood of MS patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarise the most up-to-date knowledge and research conducted on the already known and most promising new biomarker candidates found in the CSF and blood of MS patients. DISCUSSION the current diagnostic criteria of MS relies on three pillars: MRI imaging, clinical events, and the presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF (which was reinstated into the diagnostic criteria by the most recent revision). Even though the most recent McDonald criteria made the diagnosis of MS faster than the prior iteration, it is still not an infallible diagnostic toolset, especially at the very early stage of the clinically isolated syndrome. Together with the gold standard MRI and clinical measures, ancillary blood and CSF biomarkers may not just improve diagnostic accuracy and speed but very well may become agents to monitor therapeutic efficacy and make even more personalised treatment in MS a reality in the near future. The major disadvantage of these biomarkers in the past has been the need to obtain CSF to measure them. However, the recent advances in extremely sensitive immunoassays made their measurement possible from peripheral blood even when present only in minuscule concentrations. This should mark the beginning of a new biomarker research and utilisation era in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsófia Kokas
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Judit Füvesi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsanett Fricska-Nagy
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Péter Faragó
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Tamás Zsigmond Kincses
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-356; Fax: +36-62-545-597
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Wang W, Zhang BT, Jiang QL, Zhao HQ, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Xu JY, Jiang J. Leptin receptor antagonist attenuates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by regulating Treg/Th17 cell differentiation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1042511. [PMID: 36339447 PMCID: PMC9630560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1042511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been found to be involved in the development and progression of many autoimmune diseases. As an organ-specific autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis has not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that serum leptin level is increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but other studies have not shown any difference. We replicated a mouse model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) with a high-iodine diet and found that injection of the leptin receptor antagonist Allo-aca reduced thyroid follicle destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in EAT mice, and thyroxine and thyroid autoimmune antibody levels. Further investigation revealed that Allo-aca promotes the differentiation of Treg cells and inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells. We believe that Allo-aca can alter the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells by inhibiting the leptin signaling pathway, thereby alleviating thyroid injury in EAT mice. Interfering with the leptin signaling pathway may be a novel new approach to treat treating and ameliorating Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han-Qing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Jia-Ying Xu,
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Jia-Ying Xu,
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Fahmi RM, Kamel AE, Elsayed DA, Zidan AA, Sarhan NT. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with multiple sclerosis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The role of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin in regulating the immunity has been documented, however data concerning their consequence on multiple sclerosis (MS) Egyptian patients are deficient. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in MS patients and to assess their association with disease disability and severity. A case–control study including 60 subjects (30 MS patients and 30 age, sex and body mass index-matched healthy controls) was performed.
Results
Serum leptin level was significantly higher among MS patients than controls (P < 0.001) while adiponectin was not significantly elevated in MS patients (P = 0.24). There was a significant positive correlation between leptin levels with MS disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale) (r = 0.678; P < 0.001), severity (Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score) (r = 0.631; P < 0.001) and progression (progression index) (r = 0.461; P = 0.01). There was no statistically significant correlation between adiponectin with disease disability, severity or progression.
Conclusions
MS patients had significantly higher serum leptin levels and insignificant adiponectin levels compared to controls. Leptin has a potential role in multiple sclerosis disability and severity. However, adiponectin is not useful as a biomarker of MS disease, disability and severity.
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The complex role of adipokines in obesity, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:731-752. [PMID: 33729498 PMCID: PMC7969664 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic is a major contributor to chronic disease and disability in the world today. Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, a multitude of studies have characterized the pathological changes that occur within adipose tissue in the obese state. One significant change is the dysregulation of adipokine production. Adipokines are an indispensable link between metabolism and optimal immune system function; however, their dysregulation in obesity contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation and disease pathology. Herein, I will highlight current knowledge on adipokine structure and physiological function, and focus on the known roles of these factors in the modulation of the immune response. I will also discuss adipokines in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
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Biström M, Hultdin J, Sundström P. Response to 'Mendelian randomization analysis does not support a role for leptin in multiple sclerosis'. Mult Scler 2020; 27:161-162. [PMID: 32662733 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520938982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Biström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Wu P, Li R, Zhang W, Lu H. Mendelian randomization analysis does not support a role for leptin in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2020; 27:160-161. [PMID: 32662727 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520938990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruizhuo Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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