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Gallo CC, Honda TSB, Alves PT, Han SW. Macrophages mobilized by the overexpression of the macrophage-colony stimulating factor promote efficient recovery of the ischemic muscle functionality. Life Sci 2023; 317:121478. [PMID: 36758666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Narrowing or occlusion of arteries that supply the limbs can evolve to critical limb ischemia. M-CSF promotes proliferation, differentiation and survival of monocytes and macrophages, and polarization of macrophages to M2-subtype, which are essential elements for vessel formation and tissue repair. Based on these properties of M-CSF, we hypothesize that transfection of M-CSF into ischemic limbs may promote vessel formation and repair of ischemic limbs. MAIN METHODS Hindlimb ischemia was surgically induced in 10-12 weeks old Balb/c and gene therapy was performed with intramuscular application of either uP-MCSF or uP plasmids (100 μg). Macrophage and monocyte subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry and blood flow was monitored by Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging (LDPI). Thirty days after transfection, we assessed gastrocnemius mass and muscle force, subsequently collecting the muscle for histology. KEY FINDINGS We successfully developed the uP-MCSF plasmid, which increases M-CSF expression in the muscle transiently. Thirty days after uP-MCSF gene therapy in ischemic muscles, the treated group presented: improved muscle force, reduced fibrosis and increased arteriogenesis, although LDPI analysis did not show any significant difference in blood flow among groups. Noteworthy, we observed a temporary increase in MHCIIhighCD206high macrophages after uP-MCSF transfection. SIGNIFICANCE M-CSF gene therapy improved ischemic muscle functionality by promoting arteriogenesis and decreasing fibrosis, likely through increased MHCIIhighCD206high macrophages and not via classically known M2-macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Congentino Gallo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tâmisa Seeko Bandeira Honda
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Terra Alves
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sang Won Han
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil..
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Foussard N, Rouault P, Cornuault L, Reynaud A, Buys ES, Chapouly C, Gadeau AP, Couffinhal T, Mohammedi K, Renault MA. Praliciguat Promotes Ischemic Leg Reperfusion in Leptin Receptor-Deficient Mice. Circ Res 2023; 132:34-48. [PMID: 36448444 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower-limb peripheral artery disease is one of the major complications of diabetes. Peripheral artery disease is associated with poor limb and cardiovascular prognoses, along with a dramatic decrease in life expectancy. Despite major medical advances in the treatment of diabetes, a substantial therapeutic gap remains in the peripheral artery disease population. Praliciguat is an orally available sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) stimulator that has been reported both preclinically and in early stage clinical trials to have favorable effects in metabolic and hemodynamic outcomes, suggesting that it may have a potential beneficial effect in peripheral artery disease. METHODS We evaluated the effect of praliciguat on hind limb ischemia recovery in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Hind limb ischemia was induced in leptin receptor-deficient (Leprdb/db) mice by ligation and excision of the left femoral artery. Praliciguat (10 mg/kg/day) was administered in the diet starting 3 days before surgery. RESULTS Twenty-eight days after surgery, ischemic foot perfusion and function parameters were better in praliciguat-treated mice than in vehicle controls. Improved ischemic foot perfusion was not associated with either improved traditional cardiovascular risk factors (ie, weight, glycemia) or increased angiogenesis. However, treatment with praliciguat significantly increased arteriole diameter, decreased ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) expression, and prevented the accumulation of oxidative proangiogenic and proinflammatory muscle fibers. While investigating the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of praliciguat therapy, we found that praliciguat significantly downregulated Myh2 and Cxcl12 mRNA expression in cultured myoblasts and that conditioned medium form praliciguat-treated myoblast decreased ICAM1 mRNA expression in endothelial cells. These results suggest that praliciguat therapy may decrease ICAM1 expression in endothelial cells by downregulating Cxcl12 in myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that praliciguat promotes blood flow recovery in the ischemic muscle of mice with type 2 diabetes, at least in part by increasing arteriole diameter and by downregulating ICAM1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon Foussard
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Paul Rouault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Lauriane Cornuault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Annabel Reynaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | | | - Candice Chapouly
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Kamel Mohammedi
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
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Han SW, Vergani CA, Reis PEO. Is gene therapy for limb ischemia a reality? J Vasc Bras 2020; 19:e20190059. [PMID: 34178054 PMCID: PMC8202161 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.190059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of angiogenic therapy emerged in the early 1990s. The method employs genes that encode growth factors to promote formation of new vessels and remodeling of collateral vessels. Since the procedure involved in this therapy usually only consists of local injections of vectors, the process is minimally invasive, quick, and simple to perform. However, since the first clinical evidence of the effects of gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was observed in patients with peripheral artery disease, to date only two angiogenic therapy drugs have been approved, one in Russia and another in Japan, which seem a very small number, in view of the large volume of investment made in pre-clinical and clinical studies. After all, can we conclude that angiogenic therapy is a reality?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Han
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP,
Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP,
Brasil.
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP,
Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica – CINTERGEN, São Paulo, SP,
Brasil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Vergani
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP,
Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica – CINTERGEN, São Paulo, SP,
Brasil.
| | - Paulo Eduardo Ocke Reis
- Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF,
Departamento de Cirurgia Geral e Especializada, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil.
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Page DJ, Clarkin CE, Mani R, Khan NA, Dawson JI, Evans ND. Injectable nanoclay gels for angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:378-387. [PMID: 31541735 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The retention and sustained activity of therapeutic proteins at delivery sites are goals of regenerative medicine. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has significant potential in promoting the growth and regeneration of blood vessels but is intrinsically labile. This is exacerbated by the inflammatory microenvironments at sites requiring regeneration. For VEGF to be efficacious, it may require a carrier that stabilises it, protects it from degradation and retains it at the site of interest. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that injectable nanoclay gels comprising Laponite™ XLG (a synthetic hectorite clay) can stabilise VEGF and retain it in the active form for therapeutic delivery. To achieve this, VEGF was incorporated in Laponite gels and its activity tested at a range of concentrations using in vitro cell culture tubulogenesis assays and in vivo angiogenesis assays. We found that VEGF-Laponite gels enhanced tubulogenesis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. When administered subcutaneously in vivo, Laponite was retained at the injection site for up to a period of three weeks and promoted a 4-fold increase in blood vessel formation compared with that of alginate or vehicle controls as confirmed by CD31 staining. Notably, as compared to alginate, Laponite gels did not release VEGF, indicating a strong interaction between the growth factor and the nanoclay and suggesting that Laponite enhancement of VEGF efficacy is due to its retention at the implantation site for a prolonged period. Our approach provides a robust method for the delivery of bioactive recombinant VEGF without the necessity for complex hydrogel or protein engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In medicine, it is important to deliver drugs to a particular location in the body. Often, however, the drugs are quickly broken down and carried away in the blood before they can exert their effect. In this study, we used a type of synthetic clay, called Laponite™, to preserve a molecule, named VEGF, that stimulates the growth of blood vessels. Previously, we have been able to bind VEGF to the surface of clays, but the clay is not effective when injected or applied as a gel. Herein, we show that we can mix VEGF with the clay and that it strongly stimulates blood vessel growth. We speculate that this would be a useful material for skin wound healing.
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Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) refers to narrowing of the peripheral arteries and atherosclerosis is the most important cause. In patients with PAD, revascularization is the preferred therapeutic strategy; nonetheless several patients are not deemed candidates for it due to advanced disease or several comorbidities. The main target of therapeutic angiogenesis is to promote development of new arterial vessels and improve perfusion of ischemic tissue. Angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), administered intramuscularly or intra-arterially, have been shown to promote angiogenesis and development of collateral vasculature in preclinical studies. However, clinical studies failed to confirm their efficacy in ulcer healing and prevention of amputation, among patients with claudication or critical limb ischemia (CLI). Autologous progenitor cell therapy with bone marrow or adipose-derived progenitor cells administered intra-arterially or intra-muscularly, was shown to improve claudication symptoms and ankle-brachial index in small studies. However, subsequent randomized controlled studies did not demonstrate any beneficial effects of stem cell therapy on amputation rates and survival. Although, therapeutic angiogenesis remains an area of interest in PAD with several ongoing studies of investigational therapies, so far the use of these strategies in clinical practice has not been successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakradhari Inampudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Tomo Ando
- Division of Cardiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Abstract
End-stage ischemic cardiomyopathy patients are an ever-increasing group of coronary artery disease patients, often with no options in our current treatment armamentarium. Angiogenesis therapy pre-clinical and phase I clinical trials showed great promise, however, the benefits of single growth factor treatments have not been borne out in the larger phase II randomized trials. The complexity of angiogenesis process and the challenges in creating animal models to replicate and study this process in ischemic adult human myocardium have been major limitations to progress in this field. In addition failure to control for the powerful placebo effect in the clinical trials and inadequate methods of outcomes measures assessment have created difficult to overcome road blocks in establishing the efficacy of angiogenic strategies. Herein we review the challenges of angiogenesis research and development of treatment strategies. We also propose a structured model for further investigations of angiogenic therapies. The adherence to such a regimented approach as proposed here is, in our opinion, the only way to achieve success in angiogenesis approach development to treatment of patients with end-stage cardiac ischemia refractory to other established therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Uk Lee
- Cardiovascular Division, BIDMC/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Lin JW, Sheu WHH, Lee WJ, Chen YT, Liu TJ, Ting CT, Lee WL. Circulating Hepatocyte Growth Factor Level but Not Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Level Is Elevated in Angiography-Proven Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease. Angiology 2016; 58:420-8. [PMID: 17875955 DOI: 10.1177/0003319706294556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating vasogenic factors may be up-regulated in response to ischemia to promote angiogenesis in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Studies on this are limited in number and size, and results are inconsistent, especially regarding basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) level. From March 1999 to April 2004, all consecutive patients with lower limb PAD having serum samples at the time of intervention were recruited. The diameter of the primary PAD lesion had to be at least 70% stenotic at the lower limb artery. Control subjects, who underwent angiography, were free of PAD, coronary disease, and other major medical diseases. Serum samples were analyzed for circulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and bFGF levels. Patients with PAD (n = 60) had higher circulating HGF levels (mean ± SEM, 1544 ± 238 vs 970 ± 129 pg/mL; P = .04) but similar bFGF distribution tertiles (P = .55) compared with control subjects (n = 30). Thirty-six patients with summed PAD lesion lengths exceeding 5 cm demonstrated a significantly higher circulating HGF level compared with control subjects (mean ± SEM, 1701 ± 335 vs 970 ± 129 pg/mL; P = .048). Patients with concurrent coronary artery disease tend to have a higher circulating HGF level (mean ± SEM, 1606 ± 365 vs 970 ± 129 pg/mL; P = .06) but not a higher bFGF level compared with control subjects. Circulating HGF level, but not bFGF level, is significantly elevated in patients with symptomatic angiographically documented PAD, especially in those with more extensive involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Wen Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Chandiwal A, Balasubramanian V, Baldwin ZK, Conte MS, Schwartz LB. Gene Therapy for the Extension of Vein Graft Patency: A Review. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 39:1-14. [PMID: 15696243 DOI: 10.1177/153857440503900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mainstay of treatment for long-segment small-vessel chronic occlusive disease not amenable to endovascular intervention remains surgical bypass grafting using autologous vein. The procedure is largely successful and the immediate operative results almost always favorable. However, the lifespan of a given vein graft is highly variable, and less than 50% will remain primarily patent after 5 years. The slow process of graft malfunction is a result of the vein's chronic maladaptive response to the systemic arterial environment, its primary component being the uncontrolled proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). It has recently been suggested that this response might be attenuated through pre-implantation genetic modification of the vein, so-called gene therapy for the extension of vein graft patency. Gene therapy seems particularly well suited for the prevention or postponement of vein graft failure since: (1) the stimulation of SMC proliferation appears to largely be an early and transient process, matching the kinetics of current gene transfer technology; (2) most veins are relatively normal and free of disease at the time of bypass allowing for effective gene transfer using a variety of systems; and (3) the target tissue is directly accessible during operation because manipulation and irrigation of the vein is part of the normal workflow of the surgical procedure. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge of the incidence and basic mechanisms of vein graft failure, the vector systems and molecular targets that have been proposed as possible pre-treatments, the results of experimental genetic modification of vein grafts, and the few available clinical studies of gene therapy for vascular proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amito Chandiwal
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Smoke inhalation injury repaired by a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell paracrine mechanism: Angiogenesis involving the Notch signaling pathway. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78:565-72. [PMID: 25710428 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke inhalation injury is an acute lung injury induced by smoke exposure characterized by vascular endothelial injury and increased permeability. Cell therapy is an attractive new therapeutic approach, although its underlying mechanism and signaling pathway remain poorly understood. We investigated the effect of systemic transplantation of preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on angiogenesis in rat model of smoke inhalation injury and explored the underlying mechanism and possible signaling pathway. METHODS After the establishment of a smoke inhalation injury rat model, the animals were further randomized into subgroups that received either a tail vein injection of 2 × 10(6) preconditioned or nonpreconditioned BMSCs in 5-mL phosphate-buffered saline to explore the characteristics of preconditioned BMSCs, pulmonary microvessel quantities in smoke inhalation injury, and its Notch1 expression. RESULTS BMSCs preconditioned by 60Co γ-ray radiation at an appropriate dose were inhibited differentiation potential in vitro without significantly affecting the paracrine activity, the ability of cell proliferation, viability, and homing. Systemic preconditioned BMSC transplantation significantly increased the quantities of microvessels in rat with smoke inhalation injury, improved the lung wet-dry weight ratio, and alleviated lung injury simply through paracrine activity. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression level of Notch microvessel and Notch1 protein increased significantly after systemic transplantation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that systemic transplantation of preconditioned BMSCs promotes angiogenesis through paracrine activity after smoke inhalation injury and that the Notch signaling pathway is involved in the angiogenesis process.
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Kanbara Y, Otsu R, Ikeda-Iwabu Y, Carracedo M, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Gene therapy in peripheral artery disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:381-90. [PMID: 25633211 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1007039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the remarkable progress of medicine and endovascular procedures for revascularization, patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) remain at high risk for amputation and often have a low quality of life due to pain and ulcers in the ischemic leg. Thus, a novel strategy for generating new blood vessels in CLI patients without treatment options is vital. Pre-clinical studies and Phase I clinical trials using VEGF and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) demonstrated promising results; however, more rigorous Phase II and III clinical trials failed to demonstrate benefits for CLI patients. Recently, two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in Japan (Phase III) and the USA (Phase II) showed the benefits of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy for CLI patients. Although the number of patients included in these trials was relatively small, these results imply a distinct beneficial function for HGF over other angiogenic growth factors in a clinical setting. AREAS COVERED In this review, data from Phase I-III clinical trials of gene therapy for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are examined. In addition, the potential mechanisms behind the success or failure of clinical trials are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Compared with VEGF and FGF, HGF has a unique molecular effect on inflammation, fibrosis and cell senescence under pathological conditions. These features may explain the clinical benefits of HGF in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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Birbrair A, Zhang T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Mintz A, Delbono O. Pericytes: multitasking cells in the regeneration of injured, diseased, and aged skeletal muscle. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:245. [PMID: 25278877 PMCID: PMC4166895 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are perivascular cells that envelop and make intimate connections with adjacent capillary endothelial cells. Recent studies show that they may have a profound impact in skeletal muscle regeneration, innervation, vessel formation, fibrosis, fat accumulation, and ectopic bone formation throughout life. In this review, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of pericytes' influence on adult skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We also discuss how further elucidating their biology may offer new approaches to the treatment of conditions characterized by muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maria L Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Singh N, Vasam G, Pawar R, Jarajapu YPR. Angiotensin-(1-7) reverses angiogenic dysfunction in corpus cavernosum by acting on the microvasculature and bone marrow-derived cells in diabetes. J Sex Med 2014; 11:2153-63. [PMID: 24953642 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a recently identified vasoprotective heptapeptide, and it appears to activate the reparative functions of bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells (BMPCs). AIM This study evaluated the effect of Ang-(1-7) in the angiogenic function of cavernosum in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and delineated the role of BMPCs in this protective function. METHODS T1D was induced by streptozotocin in mice, and mice with 20-24 weeks of diabetes were used for the study. Ang-(1-7) was administered subcutaneously by using osmotic pumps. Cavernosa, and BMPCs from peripheral blood and bone marrow were evaluated in different assay systems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Angiogenic function was determined by endothelial tube formation in matrigel assay. Circulating BMPCs were enumerated by flow cytometry and proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation. Cell-free supernatant of BMPCs were collected and tested for paracrine angiogenic effect. Expression of angiogenic factors in BMPCs and cavernosa were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Ang-(1-7) (100 nM) stimulated angiogenesis in mouse cavernosum that was partially inhibited by Mas1 receptor antagonist, A779 (10 μM) (P < 0.05). In cavernosa of T1D, the angiogenic responses to Ang-(1-7) (P < 0.005) and VEGF (100 nM) (P < 0.03) were diminished. Ang-(1-7) treatment for 4 weeks reversed T1D-induced decrease in the VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Ang-(1-7) treatment increased the circulating number of BMPCs and proliferation that were decreased in T1D (P < 0.02). Paracrine angiogenic function of BMPCs was reduced in diabetic BMPCs, which was reversed by Ang-(1-7). In diabetic BMPCs, SDF and angiopoietin-1 were upregulated by Ang-(1-7), and in cavernosum, VEGFR1, Tie-2, and SDF were upregulated and angiopoietin-2 was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Ang-(1-7) stimulates angiogenic function of cavernosum in diabetes via its stimulating effects on both cavernosal microvasculature and BMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Birbrair A, Zhang T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Olson JD, Mintz A, Delbono O. Type-2 pericytes participate in normal and tumoral angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C25-38. [PMID: 24788248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00084.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue growth and function depend on vascularization, and vascular insufficiency or excess exacerbates many human diseases. Identification of the biological processes involved in angiogenesis will dictate strategies to modulate reduced or excessive vessel formation. We examine the essential role of pericytes. Their heterogeneous morphology, distribution, origins, and physiology have been described. Using double-transgenic Nestin-GFP/NG2-DsRed mice, we identified two pericyte subsets. We found that Nestin-GFP(-)/NG2-DsRed(+) (type-1) and Nestin-GFP(+)/NG2-DsRed(+) (type-2) pericytes attach to the walls of small and large blood vessels in vivo; in vitro, type-2, but not type-1, pericytes spark endothelial cells to form new vessels. Matrigel assay showed that only type-2 pericytes participate in normal angiogenesis. Moreover, when cancer cells were transplanted into Nestin-GFP/NG2-DsRed mice, type-1 pericytes did not penetrate the tumor, while type-2 pericytes were recruited during its angiogenesis. As inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising strategy in cancer therapy, type-2 pericytes may provide a cellular target susceptible to signaling and pharmacological manipulation in treating malignancy. This work also reports the potential of type-2 pericytes to improve blood perfusion in ischemic hindlimbs, indicating their potential for treating ischemic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Maria Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John D Olson
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Azuma J, Yuka II, Kanbara Y, Iwabayashi M, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Therapeutic Angiogenesis by Gene Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Choice of Biological Agent. IMMUNOLOGY, ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 14:32-39. [PMID: 26005508 PMCID: PMC4435566 DOI: 10.2174/1871522213999131231105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, hardening and narrowing arteries over time due to buildup of fatty deposit in vascular bed called plaque. Severe blockage of an artery of the lower extremity markedly reduce blood flow, resulting in critical limb ischemia (CLI) manifested by a variety of clinical syndromes including rest pain in the feet or toes, ulcer and gangrene with infection. Despite significant advances in clinical care and interventions for revascularization, patients with CLI remain at high risk for amputation and cardiovascular death. To overcome this unmet need, therapeutic angiogenesis using angiogenic growth factors has evolved in an attempt to increase blood flow in ischemic limb. Initial animal studies and phase I clinical trials with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) demonstrated promising results, inspiring scientists to progress forward. However, more rigorous phase II and III clinical trials have failed to demonstrate beneficial effects of these angiogenic growth factors to date. Recently, two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in Japan (phase III) and US (phase II) demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy for CLI significant improved primary end points and tissue oxygenation up to two years in comparison to placebo. These clinical results implicate a distinct action of HGF on cellular processes involved in vascular remodeling under pathological condition. This review presents data from phase I-III clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis by gene therapy in patients with PAD. Further, we discuss the potential explanation for the success or failure of clinical trials in the context of the biological mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, including cellular senescence, inflammation, and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junya Azuma
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Lee EJ, Park HW, Jeon HJ, Kim HS, Chang MS. Potentiated therapeutic angiogenesis by primed human mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Regen Med 2013; 8:283-93. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are advantageous for cell-based therapy to treat ischemic diseases owing to their capacity to secrete various paracrine factors with potent angiogenic activity. Materials & methods: In this study, we describe a method to increase secreted levels of VEGF and HGF from hMSCs without genetic modification. Results: We demonstrated that transplantation of primed hMSCs into ischemic limbs led to significantly greater improvements in tissue perfusion and limb salvage by increasing capillary formation compared with nonprimed hMSCs. The primed hMSCs also exhibited greater survival in vivo and secreted human VEGF and HGF in the ischemic tissue, supporting enhanced angiogenesis and cell survival. Conclusion: These findings indicate that priming hMSCs via methods described in this study enhances secretion of critical proangiogenic factors resulting in an enhanced therapeutic effect of cells for the treatment of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells & IRICT, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Jeon
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells & IRICT, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Program, Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, IRICT, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asialoerythropoietin Exerts Stronger Angiogenic Activity than Erythropoietin Via its Binding Affinity to Tissue. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 27:117-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xu Y, Zhou Y, Lin H, Hu H, Wang Y, Xu G. Toll-like receptor 2 in promoting angiogenesis after acute ischemic injury. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:555-60. [PMID: 23314218 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important mechanism that protects tissue against necrosis following acute ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway is involved in angiogenesis following ischemic injury by cell migration and lymphocyte invasion assays in vitro, and a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia by ligation in vivo, respectively. To assess the potential role of TLR2 activation in endothelial cell permeability, HUVECs were pretreated with Pam3CSK4 and analyzed using wound repair and transwell assays. The results showed that the TLR2 agonist induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and increased the permeability of HUVECs to lymphocyte. The lymphocyte invasion of TLR2 knockout (TLR2-/-) mice was inhibited as compared to that of wild-type (WT) mice. In the mouse model of hindlimb ischemia by ligation, blood perfusion of operated limbs was significantly lower in TLR2-/- compared to WT mice, 7 and 14 days after ligation. TLR2-/- mice showed a decreased CD31 expression in ischemic gastrocnemius at 7 and 14 days after ligation, reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and lowered tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. These findings demonstrated that TLR2 activation promotes cell migration, cell permeability and the lymphocyte invasion of endothelial cells. TLR2 activation promotes angiogenesis in vivo, which may be associated with the serum of TNF-α levels and IL-6 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
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Toyama T, Hoshizaki H, Kasama S, Yamashita E, Kawaguchi R, Adachi H, Oshima S, Hasegawa A, Kurabayashi M. Low-dose and long-term G-CSF treatment can improve severe myocardial ischemia in patients with severe coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2011; 18:463-71. [PMID: 21328025 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-011-9350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can promote angiogenesis by mobilizing bone marrow stem cells to blood vessels. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether low-dose and long-term G-CSF treatment can improve severe myocardial ischemia. METHODS We studied 40 patients (M/F = 29/11, age = 68 ± 9 years) who had severe coronary artery disease (7 with and 5 without old myocardial infarction; 3VD/2VD/1VD = 17/17/6) and severe myocardial ischemia with no indication for revascularization. G-CSF (1.5 μg/kg) was injected for 14 consecutive days. All patients were evaluated using stress myocardial scintigraphy, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCVS) score, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after 3 months of treatment. On 17 SPECT segments, the total defect score (TDS) and delta TDS (TDS (stress) minus TDS (resting)) were evaluated to assess the severity of myocardial ischemia. RESULTS The changes in stress TDS, delta TDS, and regional wall motion score were significantly greater in the G-CSF group than the control group (P < .0001). The CCVS score improved significantly from baseline to the 3-month follow-up assessment in the G-CSF group (P < .0001). The increase of peak VO2 was significantly larger in the G-CSF group than the control group (P = .015). CONCLUSION Low-dose and long-term G-CSF treatment can improve severe ischemia in patients with severe coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Toyama
- Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, 3-12, Kameizumi-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0004, Japan.
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De Francesco F, Tirino V, Desiderio V, Ferraro G, D'Andrea F, Giuliano M, Libondi G, Pirozzi G, De Rosa A, Papaccio G. Human CD34/CD90 ASCs are capable of growing as sphere clusters, producing high levels of VEGF and forming capillaries. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6537. [PMID: 19657392 PMCID: PMC2717331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adult adipose tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Moreover, it is an easily accessible site producing a considerable amount of stem cells. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we have selected and characterized stem cells within the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adult adipose tissue with the aim of understanding their differentiation capabilities and performance. We have found, within the SVF, different cell populations expressing MSC markers – including CD34, CD90, CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD117 – and endothelial-progenitor-cell markers – including CD34, CD90, CD44, and CD54. Interestingly, CD34+/CD90+ cells formed sphere clusters, when placed in non-adherent growth conditions. Moreover, they showed a high proliferative capability, a telomerase activity that was significantly higher than that found in differentiated cells, and contained a fraction of cells displaying the phenotype of a side population. When cultured in adipogenic medium, CD34+/CD90+ quickly differentiated into adipocytes. In addition, they differentiated into endothelial cells (CD31+/VEGF+/Flk-1+) and, when placed in methylcellulose, were capable of forming capillary-like structures producing a high level of VEGF, as substantiated with ELISA tests. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that CD34+/CD90+ cells of human adipose tissue are capable of forming sphere clusters, when grown in free-floating conditions, and differentiate in endothelial cells that form capillary-like structures in methylcellulose. These cells might be suitable for tissue reconstruction in regenerative medicine, especially when patients need treatments for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Francesco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Laboratory, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ortopediche, Traumatologiche, Riabilitative e Plastico-Ricostruttive, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Laboratory, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Laboratory, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ortopediche, Traumatologiche, Riabilitative e Plastico-Ricostruttive, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ortopediche, Traumatologiche, Riabilitative e Plastico-Ricostruttive, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Libondi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Laboratory, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ortopediche, Traumatologiche, Riabilitative e Plastico-Ricostruttive, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pirozzi
- UOC Biologia cellulare e Bioterapia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “G. Pascale”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche, Ortodontiche e Chirurgiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Laboratory, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Cao L, Arany PR, Wang YS, Mooney DJ. Promoting angiogenesis via manipulation of VEGF responsiveness with notch signaling. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4085-93. [PMID: 19481797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Promoting angiogenesis via delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other angiogenic factors is both a potential therapy for cardiovascular diseases and a critical aspect for tissue regeneration. The recent demonstration that VEGF signaling is modulated by the Notch signaling pathway, however, suggests that inhibiting Notch signaling may enhance regional neovascularization, by altering the responsiveness of local endothelial cells to angiogenic stimuli. We tested this possibility with in vitro assays using human endothelial cells, as well as in a rodent hindlimb ischemia model. Treatment of cultured human endothelial cells with DAPT, a gamma secretase inhibitor, increased cell migration and sprout formation in response to VEGF stimulation with a biphasic dependence on DAPT concentration. Further, delivery of an appropriate combination of DAPT and VEGF from an injectable alginate hydrogel system into ischemic hindlimbs led to a faster recovery of blood flow than VEGF or DAPT alone; perfusion levels reached 80% of the normal level by week 4 with combined DAPT and VEGF delivery. Direct intramuscular or intraperitoneal injection of DAPT did not result in the same level of improvement, suggesting that appropriate presentation of DAPT (gel delivery) is important for its activity. DAPT delivery from the hydrogels also did not lead to any adverse side effects, in contrast to systemic introduction of DAPT. Altogether, these results suggest a new approach to promote angiogenesis by controlling Notch signaling, and may provide new options to treat patients with diseases that diminish angiogenic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., 319 Pierce Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Cao L, Mooney DJ. Spatiotemporal control over growth factor signaling for therapeutic neovascularization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:1340-50. [PMID: 17868951 PMCID: PMC2581871 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many of the qualitative roles of growth factors involved in neovascularization have been delineated, but it is unclear yet from an engineering perspective how to use these factors as therapies. We propose that an approach that integrates quantitative spatiotemporal measurements of growth factor signaling using 3-D in vitro and in vivo models, mathematic modeling of factor tissue distribution, and new delivery technologies may provide an opportunity to engineer neovascularization on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Mooney
- Corresponding author. Harvard University, 319 Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford, Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Tel.: +1 617 384 9624; fax: +1 617 495 9837. E-mail address: (D.J. Mooney)
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Li Y, Hazarika S, Xie D, Pippen AM, Kontos CD, Annex BH. In mice with type 2 diabetes, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-activating transcription factor modulates VEGF signaling and induces therapeutic angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. Diabetes 2007; 56:656-65. [PMID: 17327433 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease is a major complication of diabetes. The ability to promote therapeutic angiogenesis may be limited in diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat feeding C57BL/6 mice (n = 60). Normal chow-fed mice (n = 20) had no diabetes. Mice underwent unilateral femoral artery ligation and excision. A plasmid DNA encoded an engineered transcription factor designed to increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression (ZFP-VEGF). On day 10 after the operation, the ischemic limbs received 125 microg ZFP-VEGF plasmid or control. Mice were killed 3, 10, or 20 days after injection (n = 10/group, at each time point). Limb blood flow was measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. VEGF mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR. VEGF, Akt, and phospho-Akt protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Capillary density, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed histologically. Compared with normal mice, mice with diabetes had greater VEGF protein, reduced phospho-Akt-to-Akt ratio before ligation, and an impaired perfusion recovery after ligation. At 3 and 10 days after injection, in mice with diabetes, gene transfer increased VEGF expression and signaling. At later time points, gene transfer resulted in better perfusion recovery. Gene transfer with ZFP-VEGF was able to promote therapeutic angiogenesis mice with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- Division of Cardiology, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Box 111A, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Ohtaki H, Fujimoto T, Sato T, Kishimoto K, Fujimoto M, Moriya M, Shioda S. Progressive expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis after chronic ischemic hypoperfusion in rat. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2006; 96:283-7. [PMID: 16671472 DOI: 10.1007/3-211-30714-1_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular stenosis caused by arteriosclerosis induces failure of the cerebral circulation. Even if chronic cerebral hypoperfusion does not induce acute neuronal cell death, cerebral hypoperfusion may be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine if vasodilation, expression of VEGF, and neovascularization are homeostatic signs of cerebral circulation failure after permanent common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) in the rat. Neuronal cell death in neocortex was observed 2 weeks after CCAO and gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. The diameter of capillaries and expression of VEGF also increased progressively after CCAO. Moreover, we observed unusual irregular angiogenic vasculature at 4 weeks. In conclusion, chronic hypoperfusion results in mechanisms to compensate for insufficiency in blood flow including vasodilation, VEGF expression, and neovascularization in the ischemic region. These results suggest that angiogenesis might be induced in adult brain through the support of growth factors and transplantation of vascular progenitor cells, and that neovascularization might be a therapeutic strategy for children and adults with diseases such as vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohtaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University, Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Xie D, Li Y, Reed EA, Odronic SI, Kontos CD, Annex BH. An engineered vascular endothelial growth factor-activating transcription factor induces therapeutic angiogenesis in ApoE knockout mice with hindlimb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2006; 44:166-75. [PMID: 16753278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is the growth and proliferation of blood vessels from existing vascular structures, and therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to promote blood vessel growth to improve tissue perfusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prototypic angiogenic agent that exists in vivo in multiple isoforms, and studies with VEGF to date had used single isoform therapy with disappointing results. We tested plasmid and adenoviral vectors encoding a zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factor (ZFP-32E) that was designed to increase the expression of all major VEGF isoforms in a preclinical model of peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD) in hypercholesterolemic (ApoE knock-out) mice. METHODS Unilateral femoral artery ligation/excision was performed in 117 mice. At 7 days postoperatively, the ischemic tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles received either ZFP-32E treatment (125 microg of plasmid, 2.5 x 10(11) viral particle units [vpu] of adenovirus; some mice received a second plasmid injection 3 days later) or no-ZFP treatment (125 microg of beta-galactosidase [beta-gal], a plasmid-lacking insert, or an equal dose of adenoviral encoding beta-gal; some mice received a second plasmid injection 3 days later). Group 1 mice (n = 31) were euthanized 3 days later, and VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were measured. Group 2 mice (n = 38) were euthanized 7 days later, and measures of capillary density, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were quantified. Group 3 mice (n = 48) were euthanized 28 days later, and changes in lower limb blood flow perfusion were measured. RESULTS In group 1, VEGF mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in those with ZFP-32E treatment vs beta-gal. In group 2, capillary density and proliferating cells were significantly greater and apoptosis was significantly lower in those with ZFP-32E treatment vs beta-gal. Finally, in group 3, changes in the perfusion ratio (ischemic/nonischemic limb) at 21 days after injection were significantly greater in those with ZFP-32E treatment vs no-ZFP treatment. CONCLUSION The ability of this engineered zinc-finger VEGF-activating transcription factor to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in hypercholesterolemic mice suggests this approach warrants investigation as a novel approach to treat PAOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Baumgartner I, Thoeny HC, Kummer O, Roefke C, Skjelsvik C, Boesch C, Kreis R. Leg ischemia: assessment with MR angiography and spectroscopy. Radiology 2005; 234:833-41. [PMID: 15681685 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2343031440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively determine reproducibility of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and MR spectroscopy of deoxymyoglobin in assessment of collateral vessels and tissue perfusion in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and to follow changes in patients undergoing intramuscular vascular endothelial growth factor (pVEGF)-C gene therapy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, supervised exercise training, or no therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study and gene therapy protocols were approved, and all patients gave written informed consent. To determine repeatability and reproducibility, seven patients underwent MR angiography and five underwent MR spectroscopy. The techniques were used to judge disease progress in 12 other patients with or without therapy: MR angiography to help determine change in visualization of collateral vessels and MR spectroscopy to help assess change in perfusion at proximal and distal calf levels. MR angiographic results were subjectively analyzed by three blinded readers. Intraobserver variability was expressed as 95% confidence interval (CI) (n=7); interobserver variability, as kappa statistic (n=15). Reexamination variability of MR spectroscopy was given as 95% CI for subsequent recovery times, and correlation with disease extent was calculated with Kendall taub rank correlation. Fisher-Yates test was used to correlate changes with pressure measurements and clinical course. RESULTS Intraobserver and interobserver concordance was sensitive for detection of collateral vessels. Intraobserver agreement was 85.7% (95% CI: 42.1%, 99.6%). Interobserver agreement was high for small collateral vessels (kappa=0.74, P <.001) and fair for large collateral vessels (kappa=0.36, P=.002). MR spectroscopy was reproducible (95% CI: +/-26 seconds for proximal, +/-21 seconds for distal) and showed a correlation with disease extent (proximal calf, taub=0.84, P <.001; distal calf, taub=0.68, P=.04). Small collateral vessels increased over time (P=.04) but did not correlate with pressure measurements and clinical course. Recovery time correlated with clinical course (proximal calf, P=.03; distal calf, P=.005). CONCLUSION MR angiography and MR spectroscopy of deoxymyoglobin can help document changes in visualization of collateral vessels and tissue perfusion in patients with CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Baumgartner
- Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Division of Angiology and Departments of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Conklin LD, McAninch RE, Schulz D, Kaluza GL, LeMaire SA, Coselli JS, Raizner AE, Sutton RE. HIV-based vectors and angiogenesis following rabbit hindlimb ischemia1. J Surg Res 2005; 123:55-66. [PMID: 15652951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2004.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous medical and surgical options exist for the treatment of vessel ischemia, which some patients fail or cannot tolerate. These investigations were designed to determine the effects of lentiviral-delivered vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) on collateralization in a rabbit model of hindlimb ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Self-inactivating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-based vectors were constructed encoding VEGF or Ang-2, co-transfected with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G) into 293T cells, and vector supernatants (1 x 10(8) IU/ml after concentration) were harvested. New Zealand white rabbits had ligation of either the right or left external iliac artery and excision of the ipsilateral femoral artery. Ten days later, empty, VEGF, or VEGF+Ang-2 vector supernatant was injected intramuscularly (IM) into the ipsilateral thigh. Ankle systolic blood pressure (SBP) ratios were recorded and venous blood samples collected on postoperative days (POD) 10, 25, and 40. On POD 40, run-off angiography was performed to measure vessel collateralization. Capillary density was determined by thin sectioning of muscle. RESULTS A significant increase was noted in SBP in the VEGF-treated animals over time. Capillary density was not elevated despite significantly increased large vessel collateralization in rabbits receiving VEGF, which was counteracted by Ang-2. Antibodies against vector components were detected in exposed serum. CONCLUSIONS Arterial collateralization and SBP increased significantly following VEGF vector administration, which was reversed by the Ang-2 vector. Development of antibody against VSV G can limit repeated injections of vector. Future experiments will involve the addition of other pro-angiogenic factors, repeated vector administration, and alternative routes of vector delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori D Conklin
- The Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Barandon L, Leroux L, Dufourcq P, Plagnol P, Deville C, Duplaa C, Couffinhal T. Gene Therapy for Chronic Peripheral Arterial Disease: What Role for the Vascular Surgeon? Ann Vasc Surg 2004; 18:758-65. [PMID: 15599638 DOI: 10.1007/s10016-004-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of peripheral arterial disease is rising and despite advances in clinical management, many problems remain unsolved. Better knowledge of the mechanisms and consequences associated with chronic muscle ischemia has opened the way for development of new treatment strategies, including therapeutic angiogenesis. Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising technique based on experimental studies showing that growth factors or genes able to increase capillary density can be used to reduce the impact of muscle ischemia and increase blood flow to ischemic tissue. Enthusiasm for this technique has prompted numerous clinical trials with encouraging results, but data are still inconclusive. Optimal indications for gene therapy must be defined and further experimental progress is needed to respond to ethical issues. Therapeutic angiogenesis should be viewed as an adjunct to rather than as a competitor of current surgical revascularization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Barandon
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Haut-Leveque Hospital, Pessac, France.
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Dai Q, Huang J, Klitzman B, Dong C, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, March KL, Rokovich J, Johnstone B, Rebar EJ, Spratt SK, Case CC, Kontos CD, Annex BH. Engineered zinc finger-activating vascular endothelial growth factor transcription factor plasmid DNA induces therapeutic angiogenesis in rabbits with hindlimb ischemia. Circulation 2004; 110:2467-75. [PMID: 15477407 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000145139.53840.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to promote blood vessel growth to improve tissue perfusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exists in multiple isoforms. We investigated an engineered zinc finger-containing transcription factor plasmid designed to activate the endogenous VEGF gene (ZFP-VEGF). METHODS AND RESULTS New Zealand White rabbits (n=56) underwent unilateral femoral artery ligation and excision. At day 10 postoperatively, the ischemic muscle received ZFP treatment (500 microg ZFP-VEGF plasmid) or no ZFP treatment (beta-galactosidase, empty, or no plasmid). Group 1 (n=13) was harvested 3 days after injection to examine VEGF mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein by ELISA. Groups 2 (n=13) and 3 (n=10) were harvested 11 days after injection. Group 2 was studied by histology and group 3, by histology and changes in blood flow. Groups 4 and 5 (n=10 each) were harvested 22 and 32 days after injection, respectively, and studied for changes in blood flow. In group 1, VEGF mRNA copy numbers were significantly higher for VEGF121, VEGF165, VEGF189, and protein in the ZFP-VEGF-treatment versus no-ZFP-treatment arms. In groups 2 and 3, capillary density and proliferating cells were significantly greater and apoptosis significantly lower in the treatment versus no-treatment arms. Changes in the blood flow ratio of the ischemic to the nonischemic limb were significantly greater in the treatment versus no-ZFP-treatment groups (6.57+/-1.52% versus 3.38+/-0.87%, P<0.005; 13.15+/-1.77% versus 6.13+/-1.55%, P<0.001; and 20.16+/-2.84% versus 13.88+/-3.14%, P<0.01, for groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This engineered ZFP-VEGF-activating transcription factor may provide a novel approach to treat peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunsheng Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Abo-Auda W, Benza RL. Therapeutic angiogenesis: review of current concepts and future directions. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003; 22:370-82. [PMID: 12681415 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)00665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abo-Auda
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0006, USA
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Bernardini G, Ribatti D, Spinetti G, Morbidelli L, Ziche M, Santoni A, Capogrossi MC, Napolitano M. Analysis of the role of chemokines in angiogenesis. J Immunol Methods 2003; 273:83-101. [PMID: 12535800 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a large family of inflammatory cytokines, have been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis during several pathophysiologic processes, such as tumor growth, wound healing and ischemia. Semiquantitative or quantitative angiogenesis assays are commonly utilized to screen the angiogenic or angiostatic activity of chemokines. These include in vitro endothelial cell activation assays and ex vivo or in vivo models of neovascularization. Chemokines may exert their regulatory activity on angiogenesis directly or as a consequence of leukocyte infiltration and/or the induction of growth factor expression. The effect of chemokines on endothelium can be assessed by performing in vitro assays on purified endothelial cell populations or by in vivo assays. Nevertheless, each model used to evaluate the angiogenic or angiostatic activity of a discrete factor has advantages and limitations. Thus, in order to avoid under- or overestimating the regulatory effect of chemokines on angiogenesis and to evaluate all aspects of the angiogenic process, multiple assays are usually performed. This review summarizes past and recent studies on chemokines as modulators of angiogenesis with particular emphasis on the methods currently used for the assessment of chemokine-mediated angiogenic or angiostatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, La Sapienza 00161, Italy.
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Dai Q, Thompson MA, Pippen AM, Cherwek H, Taylor DA, Annex BH. Alterations in endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis contribute to vascular remodeling following hind-limb ischemia in rabbits. Vasc Med 2002; 7:87-91. [PMID: 12402988 DOI: 10.1191/1358863x02vm430oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hind-limb ischemia is a potent stimulus for angiogenesis. However, capillary density does not change in tibialis anterior muscle (TA) following hind-limb ischemia, despite increases in angiogenic growth factors. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in proliferation and apoptosis occurred in the same muscle. In total, 19 New Zealand white rabbits underwent femoral artery ligation and excision and the ischemic and contra-lateral (control) TA muscles were harvested after 1 (n = 7), 5 (n = 7) and 21 (n= 5). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptosis and double staining was used to identify the apoptotic cell types. Proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and [3H]thymidine incorporation, in vitro. TUNEL positive nuclei were greater in ischemic than control muscle at 1 day (1.83 +/- 0.70% vs 1.03 +/- 0.20%), 5 days (2.13 +/- 0.50% vs 1.21 +/- 0.42%) and at 21 days the difference was statistically significant (3.42 +/- 0.80% vs 0.96 +/- 0.40%, p < 0.01). The majority of TUNEL positive nuclei were endothelial (Tie2 positive) cells. The number of PCNA positive cells in ischemic versus control muscle was similar at 1 day (0.71 +/- 0.20% vs 0.53 +/- 0.20%) and 5 days (1.28 +/- 0.30% vs 0.77 +/- 0.30%), but was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in ischemic muscle at 21 days (0.18 +/- 0.20% vs 1.35 +/- 0.30%) with no difference in [3H]thymidine incorporation. Directionally opposite changes in endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis occur in TA muscle following hind-limb ischemia. Modulating apoptosis in ischemic skeletal muscle may present a novel therapeutic target in peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunsheng Dai
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina 27710, USA
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33
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Cytokines and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3124(02)11027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Laham RJ, Chronos NA, Pike M, Leimbach ME, Udelson JE, Pearlman JD, Pettigrew RI, Whitehouse MJ, Yoshizawa C, Simons M. Intracoronary basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in patients with severe ischemic heart disease: results of a phase I open-label dose escalation study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:2132-9. [PMID: 11127452 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of intracoronary (IC) basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2). BACKGROUND FGF-2 is a heparin-binding growth factor capable of inducing functionally significant angiogenesis in animal models of myocardial ischemia. METHODS Phase I, open-label dose-escalation study of FGF-2 administered as a single 20-min infusion in patients with ischemic heart disease not amenable to treatment with CABG or PTCA. RESULTS Fifty-two patients enrolled in this study received IC FGF-2 (0.33 to 48 microg/kg). Hypotension was dose-dependent and dose-limiting, with 36 microg/kg being the maximally tolerated dose. Four patients died and four patients had non-Q-wave myocardial infarctions. Laboratory parameters and retinal examinations showed mild and mainly transient changes during the 6-month follow-up. There was an improvement in quality of life as assessed by Seattle Angina Questionnaire and improvement in exercise tolerance as assessed by treadmill exercise testing (510+/-24 s at baseline, 561+/-26 s at day 29 [p = 0.023], 609+/-26 s at day 57 (p < 0.001), and 633+/-24 s at day 180 (p < 0.001), overall p < 0.001). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed increased regional wall thickening (baseline: 34+/-1.7%, day 29: 38.7+/-1.9% [p = 0.006], day 57: 41.4+/-1.9% [p < 0.001], and day 180: 42.0+/-2.3% [p < 0.001], overall p = 0.001) and a reduction in the extent of the ischemic area at all time points compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS Intracoronary administration of rFGF-2 appears safe and is well tolerated over a 100-fold dose range (0.33 to 0.36 microk/kg). Preliminary evidence of efficacy is tempered by the open-label uncontrolled design of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Laham
- Angiogenesis Research Center and Interventional Cardiology Section, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Meyerson SL, Skelly CL, Curi MA, Schwartz LB. Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2000. [DOI: 10.1177/108925320000400410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, gene therapy for the treatment of many inherited and acquired medical problems has become the subject of increasing focus in both the scientific litera ture and the lay press. This review examines the history and current status of gene therapy for advanced chronic periph eral and myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari L. Meyerson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christopher L. Skelly
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael A. Curi
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lewis B. Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Lee PC, Kibbe MR, Schuchert MJ, Stolz DB, Watkins SC, Griffith BP, Billiar TR, Shears LL. Nitric oxide induces angiogenesis and upregulates alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression on endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2000; 60:269-80. [PMID: 11078643 DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2000.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a mediator of angiogenesis. However, its precise role in angiogenesis and its mechanism of action have not been established. We performed in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis assays using NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and NO synthase inhibitor N-iminoethyl-l-ornithine (L-NIO). SNAP significantly increased and L-NIO significantly suppressed capillary ingrowth into subcutaneously implanted Matrigel plugs in mice. For the in vitro angiogenesis assay, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (4 x 10(4) cells/well) were treated with placebo, SNAP (100 microM), or L-NIO (100 microM) and cultured on Matrigel for 18 h. The typical capillary networks formed on Matrigel by HUVECs as a result of cell migration and differentiation were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis as a measure of angiogenesis. Treatment of HUVECs with SNAP significantly increased the capillary network area compared with control, 8701 +/- 693 vs 6258 +/- 622 area units (P < 0.05), whereas L-NIO significantly decreased the capillary area (4540 +/- 342, P < 0.05). Furthermore, we have shown with a blocking monoclonal antibody that formation of capillary networks on Matrigel is mediated by the functional expression of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, which plays a role in facilitating endothelial cell adhesion to basement membrane matrix and endothelial cell migration. After an 18-h culture, flow cytometry revealed that SNAP significantly upregulated and L-NIO significantly downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression on endothelial cells. In conclusion, NO induces angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by promoting endothelial cell migration and differentiation into capillaries. One possible mechanism might involve the upregulation of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin on endothelial cells, a critical mediator of cell-matrix adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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GENETICS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Nurs Clin North Am 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Gene therapy for the treatment of many medical problems, including vascular disease, has become the subject of increasing discussion in both the scientific literature and the national press over the past decade. This review will examine the history and current status of gene therapy for vascular proliferative disorders and advanced chronic peripheral and cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Meyerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a degenerative process characterized by endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammatory cell adhesion and infiltration, and the accumulation of cellular and matrix elements leading to the formation of fibrocellular plaques. In the end stages, advanced occlusive plaques limit blood flow and oxygen delivery resulting in the well-known ischemic syndromes of the coronary, skeletal muscle, mesenteric, and cerebrovascular circulation. Moreover, sudden critical ischemic events may be precipitated by plaque disturbance, rupture, hemorrhage, and/or thrombosis. Traditional pharmacologic approaches have been effective in reducing serum cholesterol and controlling thrombosis but, in the main, have had little impact on the treatment of advanced lesions. The purpose of this review is to examine the current status of gene therapy for vascular proliferation, aberrant endothelial function, thrombosis, peripheral ischemia, and modification of the blood/biomaterial interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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