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Shen MD, Gao RT, Chen SB, Xu ZH, Ding XD. The effectiveness of interventions on improving body image for pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:581. [PMID: 39242994 PMCID: PMC11380436 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image dissatisfaction, leading to a variety of negative emotions and adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes. Studies on body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women have been reported, yielding mixed results. Existing evidence lacks a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review interventions which aimed at improving body image during pregnancy and postpartum in women of childbearing age, and further to explore their effectiveness. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database, to retrieve relevant studies. Body image was reported employing descriptive analysis, whereas the Cochrane Handbook tool was used to evaluate the quality and potential bias of each included study. RESULTS Following established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were identified from an initial 1,422 records for further analysis, involving 1290 participants. This systematic review grouped body image interventions into lifestyle interventions and psychological interventions based on their content. These interventions yielded more pronounced positive effects on improving body image in pregnant and postpartum women when compared to control groups. And, the statistical difference on psychological interventions is more significant on the whole. CONCLUSIONS Our work offers a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women. Psychological interventions are considered to be a suitable measure to improve body image for pregnant or postpartum women. Additional research and practical applications are recommended to enhance the mental health and well-being of perinatal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registry: CRD42024531531.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-di Shen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Tong Gao
- School of Nursing, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Si-Bing Chen
- Department of Plastic and reconstructive Microsurgery, China-Japan union hospital, Jilin University, No. 126, Sendai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Zhong-Hang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No. 126, Sendai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Ding
- Department of Plastic and reconstructive Microsurgery, China-Japan union hospital, Jilin University, No. 126, Sendai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
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Wang Q, Lin J, Zheng Q, Kang L, Zhang X, Zhang K, Lin R, Lin R. Validation and psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the prenatal body image questionnaire. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38302902 PMCID: PMC10835852 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body image during pregnancy potentially affects both short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including pregnancy mood, postpartum weight recovery, and the quality of mother-child interactions. However, research on the impact of body changes during pregnancy in the Chinese population is scarce. A comprehensive, practical, and reliable tool for assessing pregnant women is needed to detect, intervene in, and implement the reduction of physical dissatisfaction risk. This study translated the Prenatal Body Image Questionnaire (PBIQ) into the Chinese version (PBIQ-C) to assess the body image of pregnant women and evaluated its reliability and validity. METHODS An improved Brislin translation model was used for the translation. A panel of experts determined the content validity. A convenience sample of 429 pregnant women was chosen from three third-class hospitals in different regions of Fujian Province, China. Factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha were employed to evaluate structural validity and reliability. RESULTS The final PBIQ-C had five dimensions with 21 items. Exploratory factor analysis obtained a five-factor solution, which accounted for a total of 60.34%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the five-factor model also reached a satisfactory model fit after modifying: The Comparative Fit Index was 0.93, and the Tucker-Lewis Index was 0.92; the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was 0.079. The content validity index of the scale ranged from 0.63 ~ 1.00. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, and the test-retest reliability was 0.80. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that the PBIQ-C is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing women's body image during pregnancy, which helps in the early identification of body dissatisfaction during pregnancy and enables the early prevention of postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosong Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Qirong Zheng
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Liping Kang
- Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Rong Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Rongjin Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China.
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Shriver LH, Eagleton SG, Hosseinzadeh M, Buehler C, Wideman L, Leerkes EM. Associations among eating behaviors, food security status, and dietary intake during pregnancy. Appetite 2023; 191:107062. [PMID: 37742786 PMCID: PMC10957504 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of certain food groups and/or nutrients during pregnancy has been associated with maternal and infant pregnancy-related outcomes. Few studies have examined how behavioral and environmental factors interact to influence prenatal diet. We examined associations between eating behaviors (dietary restraint, emotional eating, external eating) and food security status regarding dietary intake of selected nutrients/food groups during pregnancy. Participants (N = 299; 29% Non-Hispanic Black; 16% ≤ high school education; 21% food insecure) completed validated questionnaires to assess estimated daily intake of food groups/nutrients during pregnancy [e.g., added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), % of energy from fat, fruit and vegetable (FV) intake] via National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener Questionnaires); eating behaviors (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire); and food security status (6-item USDA Food security Module). Separate hierarchical multiple regressions for each dietary outcome were conducted controlling for maternal age, education, income-to-needs, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational diabetes. A significant interaction was found between dietary restraint and food security status on added sugar intake from SSBs (β = -0.15, p = 0.02). The negative association between restraint and added sugar from SSBs was stronger among food insecure participants (β = -0.47, p < 0.001 vs. β = -0.15, p = 0.03). Higher external eating (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) and lower restraint (β = -0.13, p = 0.03) were associated with higher % of energy from fat and living in a food insecure household (β = -0.15, p = 0.01) was associated with lower FV intake. Understanding dietary intake during pregnancy requires consideration of the broader context in which eating behaviors occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka H Shriver
- Nutrition, UNC Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
| | - Sally G Eagleton
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Mali Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition, UNC Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
| | - Cheryl Buehler
- Human Development and Family Studies, UNC Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Kinesiology, UNC Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
| | - Esther M Leerkes
- Human Development and Family Studies, UNC Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
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Flores-Quijano ME, Mota-González C, Rozada G, León-Rico JC, Gómez-López ME, Vega-Sánchez R. A Mexican Spanish Adaptation of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Influence of Sociodemographic Variables in Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:3243. [PMID: 37513659 PMCID: PMC10385891 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating behaviors are complex phenomena, entangling physiological signals of hunger and satiety, food choices, emotional states, and social factors and expectations, as well as food availability and sensory appearance. Evaluating eating behaviors is challenging and must cover different motives. One instrument for such evaluation is the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), composed of three subscales for exploring emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating. In this article, we aimed to (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of a Mexican Spanish adaptation of the DEBQ; and (2) explore the associations between the three adapted DEBQ scales and the influence of sociodemographic factors on each of the three eating behaviors in Mexican pregnant women. A sample of 514 pregnant women responded to our adapted version of the DEBQ and a questionnaire about sociodemographic information. We performed an exploratory factor analysis using a principal component analysis with varimax rotation; based on this analysis, we removed items that loaded on two factors and then performed a confirmatory factor analysis. The final version of the adapted DEBQ has 26 items, clearly divided into a three-factor structure and satisfactorily reliable (Cronbach's ⍺ = 0.903). We then performed Spearman bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression with backward variable selection to test the associations and influence of sociodemographic factors on each of the three eating behaviors evaluated with the DEBQ. In pregnant women, emotional eating (EmoE) had a medium-high correlation with external eating (ExtE) and a low correlation with restrained eating (RestE), while ExtE and RestE showed no association. The three eating behaviors are associated with maternal sociodemographic and reproductive variables, which partly explain their variation, most notably maternal schooling. Our adapted version of the DEBQ is suitable for use with Mexican Spanish-speaking pregnant women. Maternal sociodemographic and reproductive factors have an influence on the variance of eating behaviors during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Mota-González
- Department of Psychology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Rozada
- Private Consultant, Alimentación Plena, Ciudad de México 06760, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Vega-Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
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Bień A, Pieczykolan A, Korżyńska-Piętas M, Grzesik-Gąsior J. Body Esteem and Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2171. [PMID: 36767537 PMCID: PMC9915844 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus provokes a change in a pregnant woman's lifestyle, which may affect her well-being and precipitate a sense of loss of self-control over her own body. The perception of "body image" is not only physical appearance and physical attractiveness but also the emotional attitude to the body and beliefs about it. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors affecting body esteem and analyze the relationship between body esteem and self-efficacy in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted in the period from April 2019 to January 2021 among 287 women with gestational diabetes mellitus with the use of the following research tools: Body Esteem Scale (BES) and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The explanatory variables for the sexual attractiveness variable were age (β = 0.252; p = 0.006) and education (β = 0.334; p = 0.007), for the weight concern variable were age (β = 0.161; p = 0.005), BMI (β = 0.334; p = 0.005), and education (β = 0.252; p = 0.033), for the physical condition variable, were age (β = 0.096; p = 0.004) and education (β = 0.213; p = 0.006). Positive correlations were found between self-efficacy and body esteem in the aspects of sexual attractiveness (p = 0.350), weight concern (p = 0.296), and physical condition (p = 0.286). Positive correlations were found between self-efficacy and body esteem in the aspects of sexual attractiveness (p = 0.350), weight concern (p = 0.296), and physical condition (p = 0.286). Older women who had better education and a lower BMI rated their bodies better. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, high self-efficacy determines a better perception of their bodies in all areas: sexual attractiveness, weight concern, and physical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bień
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4/6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pieczykolan
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4/6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Korżyńska-Piętas
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4/6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzesik-Gąsior
- State University of Applied Sciences in Krosno, 6 KazimierzaWielkiego St., 38-400 Krosno, Poland
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Barberis N, Calaresi D, Cannavò M, Verrastro V. Body mass index and quality of life in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome: Dysmorphic concerns and eating disorders as mediators. Front Public Health 2022; 10:962083. [PMID: 36276397 PMCID: PMC9581187 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.962083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Weight issues, dysmorphic concerns and eating disorders are common among individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and are linked to poor quality of life (QoL). The goal of the current study was to examine whether the association between body mass index (BMI) and QoL was mediated by dysmorphic concerns, examining also the relations with eating disorder symptomatology. Methods Questionnaires were administered to 435 individuals with PCOS aged between 18 and 40 years (M = 27.62; SD = 4.83) to measure dysmorphic concerns, eating disorder symptoms and QoL. Participants were also asked to report their height and weight to compute their BMI. Results Structural equation modeling was used to observe the relationship between the variables. The results revealed a direct relationship between QoL, BMI, dysmorphic concerns and eating disorder symptomatology. In addition, dysmorphic concerns were related to BMI and eating disorder symptomatology. Furthermore, the results showed the mediating role of dysmorphic concerns and eating disorder symptoms in the relationship between BMI and QoL. Conclusion The current results highlight the potential importance of harmful relationships with one's own body and food, explaining why weight issues may be linked to different levels of QoL in PCOS individuals. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Barberis
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Danilo Calaresi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Cannavò
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy,*Correspondence: Marco Cannavò
| | - Valeria Verrastro
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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The Relationship between Postmenopausal Women’s Self-Esteem and Physical Activity Level—A Survey Study from Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159558. [PMID: 35954907 PMCID: PMC9368150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Physical inactivity has become one of the major public health and economic concerns in Western societies. The consequences of physical inactivity are associated with many physical problems, however, the influence of physical activity (PA) on psychological health is unclear. The aims of our study were to assess self-esteem and physical activity levels in postmenopausal women and to examine the association between physical activity levels and self-esteem in this group. Material and methods: Survey research was conducted on postmenopausal women aged M = 58.81 ± 7.68 in women’s health clinics in Silesia, Poland. The total number of participants was 131, and 18 were excluded. A questionnaire with socio-demographic data and other international questionnaires were used: International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Beck Depression inventory. Results: 78.76% of postmenopausal women were physically active. Mean value of MET-min/week was M = 1543.46 ± 1060.92. A total of 11.51% of women reported low self-esteem, with the mean total value of SES M = 31.79 ± 2.93. There was a lack of correlation between total IPAQ score and self-esteem (r = −0.241, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Postmenopausal women have mostly average self-esteem. They are generally active, and walking is the most common form of physical activity, however, a higher PA level does not influence self-esteem.
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Gün Kakaşçı Ç, Ergün G, Sezer Balcı A. The psychometric properties and validity of the Turkish version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS-Turkish). Women Health 2021; 62:21-36. [PMID: 34886765 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2021.2008584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS). A total of 220 pregnant women participated in the study. The content validity of the scale was evaluated by the content validity index (CVI) and its construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of the scale was assessed with internal consistency analysis, item analysis, test-retest reliability, and parallel forms reliability. After the modification, the t values, factor loadings and fit indices of the scale items were at a good and acceptable level (χ2 = 1114.57, df = 505, χ2/df = 2.20, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.07, CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.90). Hence, a 34-item, 7-factor construct was confirmed for the Turkish version of the BIPS. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the overall scale was 0.90 and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients of the subscales were within the range of 0.65-0.94. Test-retest and parallel forms reliability of the scale were at a sufficient level. In conclusion, it was determined that BIPS can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate body image perceptions of Turkish pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Gün Kakaşçı
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Gül Ergün
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Sezer Balcı
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Differential Effects of Intuitive and Disordered Eating on Physical and Psychological Outcomes for Women with Young Children. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:407-414. [PMID: 34655423 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pressure to lose weight can increase the risk of developing disordered eating behaviours, negative body image and depressive symptomatology. Eating intuitively may counteract these negative outcomes. This research examined the unique relationship between intuitive eating and disordered eating on body mass index (BMI), body image and depressive symptoms for women of young children. METHODS A survey of women with a child aged between six and 48 months, included the Intuitive Eating Scale, Eating Attitudes Test-26, Body Shape Questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted as an omnibus test to estimate the effect of intuitive and disordered eating on BMI, negative body image and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of the 419 sample (M age = 32.06), 32% were classified with disordered and 32% with intuitive eating. MANOVA and regression analysis found disordered eating positively associated with depressive symptoms, (β = 0.303) and negative body image (β = 0.318). Intuitive eating was associated with lower depressive symptoms (β = - 0.183) and negative body image (β = - 0.615). Disordered eating (β = - 0.194) and intuitive eating (β = - 0.586) both contributed to lower BMI, with the association stronger for intuitive eating. CONCLUSION The early parenting period involves a high risk for developing disordered eating behaviours. Eating patterns are modifiable factors, illustrating the potential for positive and preventive health outcomes through adopting intuitive eating behaviours. There is an opportunity for healthcare professionals to promote physical and psychological health including for women in the early parenting period.
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Canlı A, Demirtaş B. Prenatal Attachment and the Relationship With Body Self-Perception. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2021; 51:e1-e12. [PMID: 34592162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore prenatal attachment by sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and to determine the relationship between prenatal attachment and body self-perception among pregnant women. DESIGN Descriptive correlational. SETTING The obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS One hundred eighty-three healthy pregnant women at 20 weeks or more of pregnancy who visited the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of the university hospital between April 3 and July 6, 2019. METHODS We collected data using a personal data collection form, the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), and the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire. RESULTS Participants' mean PAI score was 67.74 (SD = 9.98). Participants younger than 20 years had the lowest mean PAI score of 57.20 (SD = 10.66). The level of prenatal attachment decreased as the number of pregnancies increased (p < .05). Participants' mean PAI score had a weak positive relationship with their total body self-perception score (r = .226) and the Appearance Evaluation, Fitness Evaluation, Health Orientation, Fitness Orientation, and Body Areas Satisfaction subscales (p < .05). CONCLUSION Prenatal attachment levels were greater if participants were pleased with their appearances and bodies, approached their physical fitness positively, and engaged in practices to increase their health and physical capacity. We recommend conducting education programs concentrating on adaptation to pregnancy that enable women to evaluate their bodies more positively during pregnancy, to adopt behaviors to improve their health in pregnancy, and to increase prenatal attachment.
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Savard C, Yan E, Plante AS, Bégin C, Robitaille J, Michaud A, Lemieux S, Provencher V, Morisset AS. Positive attitudes toward weight gain in late pregnancy are associated with healthy eating behaviours. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2051-2058. [PMID: 33128720 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study examined the associations between 3rd trimester attitudes toward weight gain and (1) pre-pregnancy BMI, (2) gestational weight gain (GWG) and (3) eating behaviours assessed in the 3rd trimester. METHODS Seventy-nine (79) pregnant women completed the French version of the Pregnancy Weight Gain Attitude Scale (PWGAS), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) in their 3rd trimester. Total GWG was calculated as the difference between the weight recorded before delivery and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. RESULTS Most (55.6%) women gained weight above the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendations, but there was no association between PWGAS scores and total or 3rd trimester GWG. Women with obesity had lower PWGAS total scores compared to women with overweight (3.48 ± 0.6 vs. 3.99 ± 0.3, p = 0.005), indicating more negative attitudes in women with obesity vs. overweight. Higher total PWGAS scores were positively correlated with intuitive eating scores (r = 0.28, p < 0.05), and inversely associated with unfavourable eating behaviours such as dietary restraint (r = - 0.42, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Women with positive attitudes toward weight gain reported healthier eating behaviours in late pregnancy, which remains to be confirmed in prospective studies. Interventions addressing body image issues during pregnancy may positively influence pregnant women's health, including eating behaviours. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Savard
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Yan
- Biology's Formation and Research Unit, Clermont-Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Plante
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Julie Robitaille
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada
| | - Andréanne Michaud
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Morisset
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada.
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada.
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de Oliveira SR, de Carvalho PHB, Veiga RT. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2020; 40:228-241. [PMID: 33115262 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1836336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the translation and cultural adaptation, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale when applied to Brazilian pregnant women. BACKGROUND Poor body image of pregnant women is associated with negative outcomes for maternal and child health. However, there is a lack of psychometric studies aiming to evaluate the body image experiences during pregnancy. METHODS A methodological study was carried out with 187 Brazilian pregnant women. We performed translation and cross-cultural adaptation (evidence of content validity), and evaluated the psychometric properties (factorial validity through principal component analysis, discriminant validity, and estimated internal consistency) of the Brazilian version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale. RESULTS The scale items presented semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences, showing evidence of content validity. Principal component analysis resulted in a 6-factor structure with 35 items which showed an adequate adjustment of the scale among Brazilian pregnant women. Adequate estimated internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .88) was found. The Brazilian version was not able to discriminate pregnant women from different gestational age. CONCLUSION The Brazilian version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale showed evidence of content validity, factorial validity, and estimated internal consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Riveli de Oliveira
- Department of Business Administration, Applied Social Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.,Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho
- Department of Physical Education, Life Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.,AMBULIM - Eating Disorders Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Teixeira Veiga
- Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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An application of psychosocial frameworks for eating disorder risk during the postpartum period: A review and future directions. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:625-633. [PMID: 32613296 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The postpartum period may be a particular window of vulnerability for eating disorder symptoms given changes to body shape and weight that women experience. However, no quantitative studies have identified risk factors for postpartum eating disorder symptoms, and current psychosocial frameworks of risk may be missing key elements unique to this period. This manuscript reviews existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding the developmental trajectory of eating disorder symptoms during the perinatal period and proposes an application of three psychosocial models of eating disorder risk (objectification theory, the tripartite influence model of body image and eating disturbances, and social comparison theory) to the postpartum period. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative literature, this paper identifies novel postpartum-specific factors that should be included for consideration in psychosocial models (e.g., self-oriented body comparison and pressure to achieve a prepregnancy weight and shape). This review is the first to theorize potential postpartum-specific risk factors for postpartum eating disorder symptoms. Prior models of eating disorder risk omit key psychosocial factors that are unique to the postpartum period. Other limitations of prior research relate to measurement and methodology. This critical window of vulnerability has been largely ignored in the quantitative literature and necessitates further research.
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Schlaff RA, Baruth M, Gherke JT, Deere SJ. Pre-pregnancy body dissatisfaction and weight-related outcomes and behaviors during pregnancy. Health Care Women Int 2020; 42:446-461. [PMID: 32730139 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1802462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine relationships among pre-pregnancy body dissatisfaction (BD) and gestational weight gain (GWG), and related attitudes/behaviors. Pre-pregnancy BD was self-reported in early pregnancy. Weight-related attitudes/behaviors were self-reported and physical activity was objectively measured during pregnancy. Overall, 92% of the women reported BD, with 69% desiring a smaller pre-pregnancy size than their actual pre-pregnancy size. Ideal pre-pregnancy weight was 20.7 ± 28 pounds less than self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. Only weight-control strategies used at 35 weeks were associated with BD (p = 0.008). Pre-pregnancy BD may not predict risk for excess GWG and some weight-related issues during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Schlaff
- Department of Health Science, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
| | - Meghan Baruth
- Department of Health Science, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessika T Gherke
- Department of Kinesiology, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
| | - Samantha J Deere
- Department of Kinesiology, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
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Alghawrien D, Al-Hussami M, Ayaad O. The impact of obesity on self-esteem and academic achievement among university students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2019-0137/ijamh-2019-0137.xml. [PMID: 32474454 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that obesity was correlated with many negative social and health outcomes including poor academic achievement and low self-esteem. PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of obesity and to identify the impact of obesity on self-esteem and academic performance among university students. METHOD The study used a correlational design to achieve the study objectives. It was conducted at the University of Jordan (UJ). The study population was all university students in at UJ. A convenience sampling technique was conducted to select 419 students. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect data from the sample. The body of the questionnaire was divided into two sections: a demographic data section, and the second section aimed to measure the students' self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES). RESULTS The response rate in this study was 91.1%. The results showed that 33 students were obese (7.88%), 116 students were overweight (27.68%), 266 students were normal weight (63.48%), and four students were underweight (0.95%). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between obesity and self-esteem (total item) (r = -0.231, 0.000*). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between obesity and academic achievement (r = -0.131, 0.002). CONCLUSION There was a significant impact of obesity on the self-esteem and academic performance among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar Ayaad
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan, Phone: 00962780346181
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Dryer R, Graefin von der Schulenburg I, Brunton R. Body dissatisfaction and Fat Talk during pregnancy: Predictors of distress. J Affect Disord 2020; 267:289-296. [PMID: 32217229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, women are vulnerable to mood and anxiety disorders due to the significant physical and emotional changes that occur during this period. For some women, pregnancy can also present as a period of immense body dissatisfaction due to the substantial changes in body shape and size. OBJECTIVES This study examined the mediating role of Fat Talk (i.e., engaging in disparaging comments about one's body shape and size with others) in the relationship between (a) body dissatisfaction and distress in pregnant women (i.e., pregnancy-related anxiety, depression and eating disorder symptomatology), and (b) sociocultural pressure to meet the thin ideal and distress. METHOD A nonclinical sample of 408 pregnant women (Mage = 28.24 years, SDage = 5.04, range 18-44 years) completed measures of body dissatisfaction, sociocultural pressure, pregnancy-related anxiety, depression and eating disorder symptomatology. FINDINGS Analyses confirmed the partial mediating role of Fat Talk between body dissatisfaction and all three measures of distress, when examined individually. Fat Talk also mediated the relationship between sociocultural pressure (i.e., peers/family and media) and the three measures of distress. Age also partially mediated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and a composite measure of pregnancy distress. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that women face sociocultural pressures for thinness and body dissatisfaction even when pregnant, and that engaging in Fat Talk contribute to greater levels of pregnancy-related anxiety, depression and eating disorder symptomatology. The role of Fat Talk in regard to pregnancy distress may be more pertinent to younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dryer
- School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales 2135, Australia.
| | | | - Robyn Brunton
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales 2795, Australia
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17
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Chan CY, Lee AM, Koh YW, Lam SK, Lee CP, Leung KY, Tang CSK. Associations of body dissatisfaction with anxiety and depression in the pregnancy and postpartum periods: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:582-592. [PMID: 31744745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a time of increasing vulnerability to the development of body dissatisfaction, anxiety, and depression. The present study aims to examine associations of body dissatisfaction with anxiety and depression at the following points: 6 months before pregnancy (retrospective report); in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy; and up to 6 weeks postpartum. METHODS A prospective longitudinal design with a quantitative approach was adopted. A consecutive sample of 1,371 Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong was assessed using standardized instruments at four time points. RESULTS A mixed-effects model with repeated measures revealed that body dissatisfaction and depression symptoms changed across different stages of pregnancy. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that, after adjusting for the identified risk factors, body dissatisfaction before and during pregnancy were positively associated with antenatal anxiety and depression symptoms. Concurrent body dissatisfaction was positively associated with postpartum depression symptoms. LIMITATIONS There was a high attrition rate in the follow-up assessments. Antenatal anxiety symptoms were assessed using the scale for general anxiety, which may not adequately capture the experience of anxiety among pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Primary healthcare practitioners should be made aware of body dissatisfaction among pregnant women in order to facilitate early intervention for anxiety and depression, because untreated psychological disturbance during pregnancy may persist into the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Yi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Felizberta Lo Padilla Tong School of Social Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - Antoinette Marie Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yee Woen Koh
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre of Family and Population Research, The National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Siu Keung Lam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chin Peng Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Yin Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine So Kum Tang
- Department of Psychology, The National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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18
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Sohrabi Z, Kazemi A, Farajzadegan Z. Prenatal body image questionnaire: Development and psychometric evaluation. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1508-1518. [PMID: 31556308 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319878252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of developing and psychometric evaluation of prenatal body image questionnaire in Farsi language. For preparation of the prenatal body image questionnaire, psychometric steps were performed on a questionnaire based on the results of a qualitative study. Construct validity was evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 300 Iranian pregnant women undergoing prenatal care in health centers in Isfahan, Iran. The results of the psychometric evaluation showed that the 30-item prenatal body image questionnaire in seven dimensions has a good validity and reliability, which is applicable to research on body image in pregnancy.
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Shloim N, Lans O, Brown M, Mckelvie S, Cohen S, Cahill J. “Motherhood is like a roller coaster… lots of ups, then downs, something chaotic… “; UK & Israeli women’s experiences of motherhood 6-12 months postpartum. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 38:523-545. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1631448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Shloim
- Faculty of Medicine and health, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - O. Lans
- Social Work Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - M. Brown
- Faculty of Medicine and health, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S. Mckelvie
- Faculty of Medicine and health, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S. Cohen
- Faculty of Medicine and health, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J. Cahill
- Faculty of Medicine and health, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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20
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Wu S, Zheng X. The Effect of Family Adaptation and Cohesion on the Well-being of Married Women: A Multiple Mediation Effect. The Journal of General Psychology 2019; 147:90-107. [PMID: 31291171 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2019.1635075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the years since the implementation of the two-child policy in China, there has been an increase in attention to the psychological status of married women. It is necessary to increase knowledge on the association between family cohesion and the adaptation of married women and their well-being. To accomplish this goal, the mediating variables of social support and positive coping style were examined in this paper. Married women were assessed using the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale, the General Well-Being Schedule, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Positive Coping Style Scale. The 353 participants were married women across three provinces in China. The results indicated that (1) there is a significant positive correlation between family cohesion, adaptation, subjective well-being, age, and employment status; (2) there is a correlation between perceived social support, family adaptation and cohesion, and well-being; and (3) the effect of family cohesion and adaptation on subjective well-being is mediated by perceived social support and positive coping style. Therefore, married women with good family adaptation and cohesion can get adequate support from family members and have higher subjective well-being.
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21
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Lee MF, Williams SL, Burke KJ. Striving for the thin ideal post-pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of intuitive eating in postpartum women. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 38:127-138. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1607968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan F. Lee
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Australia
| | - Susan L. Williams
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Karena J. Burke
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
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22
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Savage JS, Hohman EE, McNitt KM, Pauley AM, Leonard KS, Turner T, Pauli JM, Gernand AD, Rivera DE, Symons Downs D. Uncontrolled Eating during Pregnancy Predicts Fetal Growth: The Healthy Mom Zone Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E899. [PMID: 31010102 PMCID: PMC6520673 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess maternal weight gain during pregnancy elevates infants' risk for macrosomia and early-onset obesity. Eating behavior is also related to weight gain, but the relationship to fetal growth is unclear. We examined whether Healthy Mom Zone, an individually tailored, adaptive gestational weight gain intervention, and maternal eating behaviors affected fetal growth in pregnant women (n = 27) with a BMI > 24. At study enrollment (6-13 weeks gestation) and monthly thereafter, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was completed. Ultrasounds were obtained monthly from 14-34 weeks gestation. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Higher baseline levels of uncontrolled eating predicted faster rates of fetal growth in late gestation. Cognitive restraint was not associated with fetal growth, but moderated the effect of uncontrolled eating on fetal growth. Emotional eating was not associated with fetal growth. Among women with higher baseline levels of uncontrolled eating, fetuses of women in the control group grew faster and were larger in later gestation than those in the intervention group (study group × baseline uncontrolled eating × gestational week interaction, p = 0.03). This is one of the first intervention studies to use an individually tailored, adaptive design to manage weight gain in pregnancy to demonstrate potential effects on fetal growth. Results also suggest that it may be important to develop intervention content and strategies specific to pregnant women with high vs. low levels of disinhibited eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Emily E Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Katherine M McNitt
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Abigail M Pauley
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Krista S Leonard
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Tricia Turner
- Diagnostic Medical Sonography, South Hills School of Business and Technology, State College, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Jaimey M Pauli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
- Department of Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Daniel E Rivera
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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23
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Blau LE, Orloff NC, Flammer A, Slatch C, Hormes JM. Food craving frequency mediates the relationship between emotional eating and excess weight gain in pregnancy. Eat Behav 2018; 31:120-124. [PMID: 30253292 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 50% of pregnancies in the U.S. are associated with maternal weight gain that exceeds Institute of Medicine recommendations. The numerous adverse consequences of obesity in gestation, delivery and the postpartum have been widely documented. The role of excess gestational weight gain (GWG) as a predictor of lifetime obesity risk in mothers and their children is also increasingly recognized. Cravings and negative affect are commonly cited triggers of overconsumption in pregnant women. We sought to examine the role of food craving frequency as a mediator in the relation between emotional eating and excess GWG. In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women (n = 113) completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, a measure of "restrained," "emotional," and "external" eating styles, along with the Food Craving Inventory, which quantifies cravings for "high fat foods," "fast food fats," "carbohydrates/starches," and "sweets." Participants also reported on pre-pregnancy weight and height, and GWG at the time of survey completion. Data supported the hypothesized mediation model, with frequency of "high fat foods" cravings fully mediating the relationship between "emotional" eating and excess GWG (Sobel test z = 2.40, p = .016). This study addresses the striking dearth of research examining potentially modifiable psychosocial predictors of excess GWG. Future longitudinal research should examine if salient affective states trigger food cravings, thus placing pregnant women at increased risk of excess weight gain. Findings have implications for treatment interventions targeting excess GWG, suggesting a need to teach skills to help patients better manage low moods and cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Blau
- University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America.
| | - Natalia C Orloff
- University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America
| | - Amy Flammer
- Albany Medical College, United States of America
| | | | - Julia M Hormes
- University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America; Albany Medical College, United States of America
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24
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Shloim N, Rudolf M, Feltbower RG, Blundell-Birtill P, Hetherington MM. Israeli and British women's wellbeing and eating behaviours in pregnancy and postpartum. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2018; 37:123-138. [PMID: 30325661 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2018.1529408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study had two main objectives: (a) track changes in self-esteem, eating behaviours and body satisfaction from early pregnancy to 24 months postpartum and (b) to compare changes by context (Israel vs. UK) and maternal body mass index (BMI). BACKGROUND High maternal BMI is associated with negative body image and restrained eating, which are experienced differently across cultures. METHODS 156 pregnant women were recruited from Israel and the UK. Seventy-three women were followed up every six months from early postpartum and until 24 months following birth. Women completed questionnaires assessing self-esteem (RSEQ), body image (BIS/BIDQ) and eating behaviours (DEBQ) and self-reported weights and heights so that BMI could be calculated. RESULTS Women with higher BMI had higher levels of self-esteem and were less satisfied with their body. Healthy-weight women were more likely to lose all of their retained pregnancy weight compared to overweight and obese women. Self-esteem, body image and eating behaviours remained stable from pregnancy until 24 months postpartum. No significant differences were found for any measure by context. CONCLUSION BMI was the strongest predictor of self-esteem and body dissatisfaction and a higher BMI predicted less weight loss postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shloim
- a Institute of Medicine and health, School of Healthcare , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - McJ Rudolf
- b Faculty of Medicine in the Galil , Bar Ilan University , Safed , Israel
| | - R G Feltbower
- c Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute for Genetics Health and Therapeutics, School of Medicine , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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Physical activity and body image dissatisfaction among pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 229:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Aksoy Derya Y, Timur Taşhan S, Uçar T. The effects of infertility on perception of body in pregnancy: A comparative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2018; 54:405-409. [PMID: 29645281 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effects of infertility on perception of body in pregnancy. DESIGN AND METHODS This comparative study was conducted with 428 pregnant women (in vitro fertilization [IVF = 214, spontaneously conceived/SC = 214]). FINDINGS The IVF group had a higher body image scale (BIS) score. Moreover, it was observed that the IVF group had more positive views on growth in the abdominal area, gaining weight, and changes in skin. The rates of taking precautions for these changes and thinking that these changes affected sexual life negatively were lower the in the IVF group. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Infertility has a positive effect in perception of body in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuba Uçar
- Department of Midwifery, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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27
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Ahadzadeh AS, Rafik-Galea S, Alavi M, Amini M. Relationship between body mass index, body image, and fear of negative evaluation: Moderating role of self-esteem. Health Psychol Open 2018; 5:2055102918774251. [PMID: 29977587 PMCID: PMC6024295 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918774251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the correlation between body mass index as independent variable, and body image and fear of negative evaluation as dependent variables, as well as the moderating role of self-esteem in these correlations. A total of 318 Malaysian young adults were conveniently recruited to do the self-administered survey on the demographic characteristics body image, fear of negative evaluation, and self-esteem. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed that body mass index was negatively associated with body image, while no such correlation was found with fear of negative evaluation. Meanwhile, the negative correlation of body mass index with body image was stronger among those with lower self-esteem, while a positive association of body mass index with fear of negative evaluation was significant only among individuals with low self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shameem Rafik-Galea
- Department of English Language and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University
| | - Masoumeh Alavi
- Faculty of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, University Malaysia Sarawak
| | - Mansour Amini
- Department of English Language and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University
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28
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Shloim N, Shafiq I, Blundell-Birtill P, Hetherington MM. Infant hunger and satiety cues during the first two years of life: Developmental changes of within meal signalling. Appetite 2018; 128:303-310. [PMID: 29879451 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overfeeding in infancy may lead to overweight and obesity in later childhood. Mothers are advised to "tune in" to their infant's hunger, appetite and satiation cues to prevent overfeeding. The present study aimed to 1) assess stability and change in infant hunger and satiety cues (first two years of life) taken at six monthly intervals; 2) track the expression of appetite cues during the course of a meal (beginning, middle and end). Thirty-eight women (mean age 35.3 + 3.7 years) participated in the study. Mothers were within a normal weight range (BMI = 22 + 3.3 kg/m2), most were married (N = 35; 95%) and for most this was not their first child. After an initial investigation (T1) follow-up visits took place every six months with filmed meals involving solid foods. A typical meal contained foods high in protein and carbohydrate plus cooked vegetables. Films were viewed and communication cues (engagement indicating appetite and disengagement indicating satiation) identified and recorded by appearance using the NCAST (Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training). Coding included the frequency and time at which each cue appeared. Results showed that infants were more likely to communicate potent engagement cues such as babbling, mutual gaze and looking at mother with age. None of the disengagement cues showed any significant main effects of time of follow up. Most, not all, feeding cues were stable across the segment of the feed and did not show a simple linear change across the meal, rather this appeared to develop with age. Raising awareness of these cues with mothers may encourage more responsive and positive mealtime interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shloim
- University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - I Shafiq
- University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Fernández-Sola C, Huancara-Kana D, Granero-Molina J, Carmona-Samper E, López-Rodríguez MDM, Hernández-Padilla JM. Sexualidade durante todas as fases da gravidez: experiências de gestantes. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Explorar e compreender as experiências sexuais de gestantes durante a gravidez. Métodos O estudo foi realizado em dois centros de saúde no Distrito Sanitário de Almería, sul da Espanha. Os participantes incluíram gestantes que receberam atendimento pré-natal e/ou educação para maternidade. Os critérios de inclusão foram estar grávida, manter atividade sexual e concordar em participar do estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram ter limitações na atividade sexual por prescrição médica. A amostra foi composta por 15 gestantes selecionadas por meio de amostra de conveniência, das quais cinco participaram de grupo focal (GF) e 10 de entrevistas em profundidade (EP). Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de junho e dezembro de 2016. Os participantes foram contatados pelo pesquisador principal e foi realizada uma consulta para conduzir o GF ou EP. Resultados Três categorias principais emergiram: Falsas crenças e uma abordagem holística da sexualidade durante a gravidez, que está relacionada ao conceito de sexualidade, falsas crenças e aconselhamento sexual limitado durante a gravidez. Limitações: Do medo no início à dificuldade física no final, referindo-se às flutuações no desejo sexual, bem como às mudanças físicas que limitam a atividade sexual. Adaptação às mudanças: práticas seguras e satisfação com a imagem corporal, que engloba preocupações com os riscos e a relação entre imagem corporal e autoestima. Conclusão A falta de aconselhamento sexual durante a gravidez leva à criação de falsas crenças, que, juntamente com mudanças físicas, preocupações com o risco e flutuações no desejo e interesse sexual, provocam uma diminuição na atividade sexual. Mas a sexualidade permanece um aspecto importante da gravidez, em relação ao qual os participantes devem adotar uma abordagem mais ampla e não limitada ao ato sexual, além de adotar práticas adaptadas às mudanças físicas e emocionais que ocorrem durante esse período.
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Novel Interventions to Reduce Stress and Overeating in Overweight Pregnant Women: A Feasibility Study. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:670-678. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Tolosa-Sola I, Gunnard K, Giménez Muniesa C, Casals L, Grau A, Farré JM. Body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptomatology: Which factors interfere with sexuality in women with eating disorders? J Health Psychol 2017; 24:1526-1535. [PMID: 28810426 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317695425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction is a relevant aspect in both eating disorders and sexuality. Using Stice's model, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between these variables in eating disorder patients compared with healthy controls. Statistically significant correlations between body dissatisfaction and sexuality were found in the whole sample. The clinical group had higher rates of body dissatisfaction and sexual impairment. Within the clinical group, the participants with a greater drive for thinness showed higher sexual dysfunctions. These results suggest that sexuality should be systematically explored in eating disorders. Higher rates of drive for thinness may be associated with greater sexual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antoni Grau
- 3 Institut de Trastorns Alimentaris (ITA), Spain
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Heery E, Wall PG, Kelleher CC, McAuliffe FM. Effects of dietary restraint and weight gain attitudes on gestational weight gain. Appetite 2016; 107:501-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Associations between dietary patterns and psychological factors: a cross-sectional study among Chinese postmenopausal women. Menopause 2016; 23:1294-1302. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Shloim N, Vereijken CMJL, Blundell P, Hetherington MM. Looking for cues - infant communication of hunger and satiation during milk feeding. Appetite 2016; 108:74-82. [PMID: 27647500 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is known that duration of breastfeeding and responsive feeding are associated with decreased risk of obesity. It is however, not clear whether breastfed infants signal more to mothers to facilitate responsive feeding, compared to formula fed, nor what communication cues are important during the feeding interaction. The present study aimed to explore feeding cues in milk-fed infants and to examine if such cues vary by mode of feeding. Twenty-seven mothers and infants were filmed while breastfeeding or formula feeding. Infants' age ranged from 3 to 22 weeks. Feeding cues were identified using a validated list of communication cues (NCAST). The frequency of each cue during the beginning, middle, and end of the meal was recorded. There were 22 feeding cues identified during the feeds, with significantly more frequent disengagement cues expressed than engagement cues. Significantly more frequent feeding cues were observed at the beginning than at the end of the meal showing that cue frequency changes with satiation. Breastfeeding infants exhibited more engagement and disengagement cues than formula fed infants. Supporting mothers to identify engagement and disengagement cues during a milk feed may promote more responsive feeding-strategies that can be acquired by mothers using different modes of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shloim
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK.
| | - C M J L Vereijken
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Blundell
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK
| | - M M Hetherington
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK
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Boepple L, Thompson JK. An exploration of appearance and health messages present in pregnancy magazines. J Health Psychol 2016; 22:1862-1868. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105316639435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored appearance-related images and messages present in pregnancy magazines (e.g. Fit Pregnancy, Pregnancy & Newborn, and Pregnancy Magazine). A substantial portion of advertisements and articles promoted appearance-related products or products for postpartum weight loss. Health messages and messages related to diet and exercise were also present. Images also sexualized pregnant women’s bodies. Appearance-related messages aimed toward pregnant women may be problematic and may contribute to body dissatisfaction in these women.
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Shloim N, Hugh-Jones S, Rudolf MCJ, Feltbower RG, Lans O, Hetherington MM. "It's like giving him a piece of me.": Exploring UK and Israeli women's accounts of motherhood and feeding. Appetite 2015; 95:58-66. [PMID: 26119810 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study explored how Israeli and UK mothers integrate feeding into their conceptualisations of mothering 2-6 months post-partum. BACKGROUND The nature and importance of motherhood is subject to differential contextual, cultural, political and historical influences. We set out to compare experiences of motherhood and feeding between these two countries using a qualitative approach. METHODS Forty one women (mean age 36.4 ± 2.7 years) from Israel and the UK, mostly married or in a committed relationship were interviewed about their experience of pregnancy, motherhood and feeding. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS The experience of motherhood in the early postnatal period was dominated, for all mothers, by the experience of breastfeeding and clustered around three representations of mothering, namely; 1) a devoted mother who ignores her own needs; 2) a mother who is available for her infant but acknowledges her needs as well; and 3) a struggling mother for whom motherhood is a burden. Such representations existed within both cultural groups and sometimes coexisted within the same mothers. UK women described more struggles within motherhood whereas a tendency towards idealising motherhood was observed for Israeli women. CONCLUSION There are similarities in the ways that UK and Israeli women experienced motherhood and feeding. Where family life is strongly emphasized, mothers reported extremes of idealism and burden and associated an "ideal" mother with a breastfeeding mother. Where motherhood is represented as just one of many roles women take up, they are more likely to represent a "good enough" approach to mothering. Understanding the experience of motherhood and feeding in different cultural settings is important to provide the context for postnatal care specifically where mothers are reluctant to share problems or difficulties encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shloim
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - S Hugh-Jones
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M C J Rudolf
- Bar Ilan Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Safed, Israel
| | - R G Feltbower
- School of Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute for Genetics Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - O Lans
- Social Work Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, 12110, Israel
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Shloim N, Rudolf M, Feltbower RG, Mohebati L, Hetherington M. Breast is best: Positive mealtime interactions in breastfeeding mothers from Israel and the United Kingdom. Health Psychol Open 2015; 2:2055102915579605. [PMID: 28070352 PMCID: PMC5193277 DOI: 10.1177/2055102915579605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined mealtime interactions to assess whether they varied according to maternal body mass index, country and mode of feeding in 41 Israeli and UK mother–infant dyads. Feeding behaviours were coded using the Simple Feeding Element Scale. Significantly, more UK mothers breastfed during the filmed meal compared to Israeli mothers. Mealtime interactions did not vary according to maternal body mass index or country. Women who breastfed (as opposed to those who bottle fed or fed solids) provided fewer distractions during the meal, a more ideal feeding environment and fed more responsively.
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