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Kankaanpää SL, Lehti V, Solin P, Salama E. Fostering trust and understanding in social and healthcare services with migrant-origin parents: qualitative focus-group interviews of foreign-born mothers living in Finland. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1827-1836. [PMID: 37624572 PMCID: PMC11211134 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Migrant-origin families may have a pronounced need for psychosocial support and healthcare services, but they face barriers in using services. To ensure the timely use of services, it is important that families understand how service systems work and trust care providers. Thirty-two migrant-origin mothers living in Finland participated in five focus-group interviews and shared their wishes for social and healthcare professionals on how trust and understanding can be increased. The data were analyzed with Qualitative Content Analysis. We identified six main themes related to the use of services and professionals' behavior. These were the need for professionals to justify and explain questions, to meet each family as individuals, the importance of non-verbal communication, the need to talk about racism and discrimination, the importance of cultural sensitivity in services, and a discussion of positive aspects of life after migration and children`s strengths. To foster trust and mutual understanding in social and healthcare services, professionals should be aware of potential cultural differences in family life, while avoiding pre-conceived ideas. Misunderstandings can rise from language barriers and unclear or intimidating questions. It is important that professionals explain what they do and justify why they might inquire about a family's personal matters. Working with interpreters is necessary when professionals and parents do not share a common fluent language. Professionals should also pay attention to their non-verbal communication and to being friendly. Finally, it is important to show interest in families' experienced hardships such as racism as well as their strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija-Liisa Kankaanpää
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Venla Lehti
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 250, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Solin
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Salama
- Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
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Rahal D, Huynh VW, Irwin MR, McCreath H, Fuligni AJ. Everyday discrimination, emotion, and daily interactions during adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:141-158. [PMID: 38058247 PMCID: PMC11298793 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined whether everyday discrimination relates to the frequency of adolescents' positive and negative daily social interactions and whether these associations are driven by anger and positive emotion. Adolescents (N = 334) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study, in which they completed surveys regarding everyday discrimination, anger, and positive emotion, as well as 15 daily reports of conflict and getting along with friends and family. Higher everyday discrimination was related to more daily conflicts and fewer experiences of getting along with other people. Longitudinal models also provided preliminary evidence that everyday discrimination was associated with daily conflicts 4 years later indirectly through anger. Overall, results suggest everyday discrimination relates to adolescents' daily experiences, potentially through differences in emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Psychology, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Virginia W. Huynh
- California State University at Northridge, Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Northridge, CA 91330
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Heather McCreath
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Andrew J. Fuligni
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Kaur A, Charles ST, Molina KM, Almeida DM. Adding Insult to Injury: Everyday Discrimination Moderates Stressor-Related Negative Affect. Behav Med 2024; 50:26-36. [PMID: 35834177 PMCID: PMC9839892 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2092441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining the effects of discrimination on emotional well-being have often overlooked (a) differential effects of both everyday and lifetime discrimination and (b) how both types of discrimination may exacerbate stressor-related affect-even when daily stressors are unrelated to discrimination. The current study examined the effects of daily stressors not attributed to discrimination (i.e., nondiscrimination-related daily stressors) on daily negative and positive affect in the presence of either form of discrimination (everyday and lifetime). Participants who completed the second wave of the Survey of Midlife Development in the US (MIDUS-II) and the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE-II) answered questionnaires about everyday and lifetime discrimination. Later, they completed daily phone interviews across 8 consecutive days, asking about the nondiscrimination-related daily stressors and the positive and negative affect they had experienced that day. Multilevel model analyses revealed that everyday discrimination was associated with decreased daily positive affect and lifetime discrimination was associated with increased daily negative affect. Moreover, higher frequency of everyday discrimination exacerbated the within-person effects of nondiscriminatory daily stressors on negative affect. Results underscore the importance of considering both independent and synergistic effects of discrimination on daily emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan T. Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Kristine M. Molina
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - David M. Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Hosseinabadi-Farahani M, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Arsalani N, Hosseini M, Mohammadi E. Culture of discrimination in healthcare: A grounded theory. Nurs Ethics 2023; 30:302-316. [PMID: 36476080 DOI: 10.1177/09697330221130608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrimination in health care is an international challenge and a serious obstacle to justice and equality in health. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to design a grounded theory of discrimination in health care based on the experiences and perceptions of Iranian healthcare providers and patients. RESEARCH DESIGN This qualitative study was conducted using by the grounded theory method. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 healthcare providers including 11 nurses, two physicians, two nurse's assistants, and three patients in two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling and analyzed simultaneously using the Corbin and Strauss (2015) approach. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (Ethics code: IR.USWR.REC.1398.023). Also, after explaining the objectives of the study, all the participants completed and signed the written consent form. FINDINGS The "culture of discrimination" was the study's core category, reflecting the nature of discrimination in health care. The theory of "culture of discrimination in health care" is the result of five main categories: "individual social stimuli," "culture of discrimination," "unintentional discrimination," "conflict with discrimination," and "dissatisfaction with discriminatory behavior." These categories cover the underlying factors, strategies, and outcomes of the discrimination process in health care. DISCUSSION The results of the study showed that nurses and other health care providers experience unintentional discrimination. Unintentional discrimination refers to discriminatory behaviors and practices of health care providers. CONCLUSION The theory of culture of discrimination in health care can be used as a practical guide to describe and understand the role of health care providers, especially nurses. Further studies with a quantitative approach to applying this theory in medical settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab
- Department of Nursing, School of Rehabilitation, 48533University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Arsalani
- Department of Nursing, Iranian Research Centre of Aging, 48533University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Hosseini
- Department of Nursing, School of Rehabilitation, 48533University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eesa Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Bámaca MY, Martinez G, Schroeder KM, Lobo FM, Witherspoon DP. Daily Discrimination and Affect in Latinx Adolescent-Parent Dyads Residing in Northeast United States. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:611-624. [PMID: 35403333 PMCID: PMC9324836 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this 14-day study, we tested whether Latinx adolescents' (Mage = 12.76 years, 52% female; 52% U.S. born; N = 21) and parents' (95% female; 24% U.S. born) daily discrimination experiences were associated with their own and other's daily affective states. Results indicated that on days when adolescents reported discrimination, they reported higher negative affect and marginally lower positive affect and, interestingly, parents reported higher positive affect. On average (i.e., across the 2-week period), adolescents' discrimination was associated with higher adolescent negative affect and lower parent positive affect. Together, findings suggest that Latinx adolescents' discrimination experiences are linked to their own affective states and their parents'. Results underscore how discrimination is linked to the affective states present in family contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Y. Bámaca
- University of California Merced
- The Pennsylvania State University
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Martin Romero MY, Gonzalez LM, Stein GL, Alvarado S, Kiang L, Coard SI. Coping (together) with hate: Strategies used by Mexican-origin families in response to racial-ethnic discrimination. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2022; 36:3-12. [PMID: 33661688 PMCID: PMC8896309 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coping in the context of racial-ethnic discrimination is often framed as an individualistic process, where the focus is on how the individual deals with the racialized stressor to mitigate its negative effects. However, individuals exist within social contexts including the family and coping processes may operate interdependently as well. Further, racialized stressors have the potential to disrupt the entire family system, regardless of whether the experience in that moment is shared among all its members. Despite these realities, few studies have considered how Latinx youth and their parents may cope together in the face of racial-ethnic discrimination. To address this gap, we analyzed focus group data from Mexican-origin adolescents (n = 17; Mage = 12.8; 71% girls) and their parents (n = 17; Mage = 42.8; 82% mothers) to explore the coping strategies used in response to racial-ethnic discrimination. An inductive thematic analysis identified a broad range of coping strategies representing both individualistic and interdependent approaches to deal with racial-ethnic discrimination. Strategies included (a) reframing (with pride) and ignoring an encounter, (b) standing up for oneself, (c) talking issues out, (d) problem-solving together, and (e) protection tactics. These findings provide evidence for the ways in which Mexican-origin families help adolescents cope with racial-ethnic discrimination and offer a glimpse as to how adolescents may help their families cope as well. Future research is needed to further explore the interdependent nature of coping as Latinx family members protect and support one another in the face of pervasive racialized stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Barr AB, Simons RL, Beach SR, Simons LG. Racial discrimination and health among two generations of African American couples. Soc Sci Med 2022; 296:114768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sud D. Utilising dyads in medicines optimisation and illness management research. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 17:2044-2053. [PMID: 33846101 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been much growth in the interest in and use of family-level and dyadic level theories and methodologies to explore the influence of social relationships on health and the influence of health on social relationships. Social relationships include those with romantic partners, friends, siblings, children and care professionals these individuals play a significant role in the physical health, mental health and well-being of a patient. An important part of this includes medicines optimisation and illness management. Studying health and well-being and consideration of both partners in the context of these close social relationships is clearly important in health research; as such both partners become the unit of study - also known as a dyad. The aim of this paper is to provide an introduction and overview as to how dyads might be used in medicines optimisation and illness management research. This aim will be achieved through the following objectives: dyadic study designs used in health research; some of the challenges that can occur in recruitment and data collection and strategies that can be used to overcome them; dyadic data analysis: some methodological and substantive considerations that require consideration when using dyadic data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Sud
- Pharmacy Department, Bradgate Site, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE3 9EJ, UK.
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Chiang JJ, Lam PH. Commentary: Ecology momentary assessment as a tool for understanding dynamic patterns in child and adolescent health and development - reflections on Russell and Gajos (2020). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:395-398. [PMID: 32064635 PMCID: PMC8696652 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has served as a methodological tool across subdisciplines in psychology, shedding light on family, personality, and affective processes, and physical and mental health. In their review, Russell and Gajos demonstrate how EMA can overcome several limitations of traditional methods in developmental psychopathology to answer questions about mental and behavioral health in youth. They also provide thoughtful future directions on integrating sensor technology, advancing modeling techniques for temporally dense data, and employing EMA for delivering interventions. This commentary similarly advocates for the use of EMA but extends Russell and Gajos's review by emphasizing EMA's utility for understanding and revealing dynamic changes and processes along micro timescales that have relevance for youth's health and development. We discuss how EMA can be especially fruitful for advancing theory and practice when administered in bursts and when combined with traditional assessments and longer-term longitudinal designs. Because such studies are resource-intensive, we also consider how extant EMA studies can be leveraged and subjected to meta- and mega-analytic techniques to inform theories and future EMA designs. We conclude that EMA is a promising tool for elucidating dynamic fluctuations in experiences and intra- and interpersonal processes that contribute to child and adolescent development and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Chiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306N
White-Gravenor Hall, 37 and O Streets, NW, Washington DC, 20057
| | - Phoebe H. Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift
Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University,
2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
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