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Campos-Valdez M, Feustel S, Monroy-Ramírez HC, Barrientos-Salcedo C, Ayón-Pérez MF, Ramos-Márquez ME, Fernández-Galindo DA, Silva-Gómez JA, Santos A, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Sánchez-Orozco LV. Influence of C107R mutation from hepatitis B virus genotype H on in vitro hepatitis B surface antigen detection and IFN-β-1a treatment. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Assess the in vitro effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype H (HBV/H) with the small surface HBV protein (HBs) C107R mutation on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and the response to IFN-β-1a treatment. Methods: HBV/H wild-type and HBs C107R variant replicons were constructed and transfected into hepatic stellate cells and/or Huh7 that were later treated with IFN-β-1a. HBsAg, HBV-DNA, pgRNA, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression was analyzed. 3D HBs structure from wild-type and C107R were foreseen by AlphaFold protein predictor, and IFN-β-1a antiviral effect was evaluated. Results: C107R mutation did not impact viral replication, but HBsAg serologic detection was affected. Wild-type and C107R similarly modified gene expression and responded to IFN-β-1a. Conclusion: C107R disrupts the Cys107/Cys138 disulfide bond and impairs HBsAg detection. Independently of the mutation, there were changes in TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and a medium response to IFN-β-1a treatment compared with genotype A and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Campos-Valdez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Sina Feustel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Carolina Barrientos-Salcedo
- Laboratorio de Química Médica y Quimiogenómica, Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Martha Eloísa Ramos-Márquez
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - David A Fernández-Galindo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Jorge Antonio Silva-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Arturo Santos
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45201, México
| | - Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45201, México
| | - Laura Verónica Sánchez-Orozco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
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2
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Prevention of HBV Reactivation in Hemato-Oncologic Setting during COVID-19. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050567. [PMID: 35631088 PMCID: PMC9144674 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Onco-hematologic patients are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and, once infected, frequently develop COVID-19 due to the immunosuppression caused by tumor growth, chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy. In addition, COVID-19 has also been recognized as a further cause of HBV reactivation, since its treatment includes the administration of corticosteroids and some immunosuppressive drugs. Consequently, onco-hematologic patients should undergo SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and comply with the rules imposed by lockdowns or other forms of social distancing. Furthermore, onco-hematologic facilities should be adapted to new needs and provided with numerically adequate health personnel vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Onco-hematologic patients, both HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive, may develop HBV reactivation, made possible by the support of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) persisting in the hepatocytic nuclei of patients with an ongoing or past HBV infection. This occurrence must be prevented by administering high genetic barrier HBV nucleo(t)side analogues before and throughout the antineoplastic treatment, and then during a long-term post-treatment follow up. The prevention of HBV reactivation during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the topic of this narrative review.
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3
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Tsuruya K, Anzai K, Shioyama S, Ito A, Arase Y, Hirose S, Tanaka Y, Suzuki H, Kagawa T. Case of hepatitis B virus reactivation after ibrutinib therapy in which the patient remained negative for hepatitis B surface antigens throughout the clinical course. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:239-244. [PMID: 32978866 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A 71-year-old man was diagnosed with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. He was negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), positive for antibodies against the hepatitis B surface and core, and negative for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA before starting chemotherapy. A total of 13 months after the initiation of ibrutinib (a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor), the patient's alanine aminotransferase levels suddenly increased to 427 U/L. As the level of serum HBV-DNA increased to 5.2 logIU/mL, a diagnosis of HBV reactivation was made, whereas the patient remained negative for HBsAg. The patient's serum alanine aminotransferase levels normalized after the initiation of entecavir at a dose of 1 mg/day. However, it took >1 year to achieve an undetectable level of HBV-DNA, even with an add-on therapy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Interestingly, the patient remained negative for HBsAg throughout the clinical course owing to triple HBsAg escape mutations: Q101K, M133L, and G145A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tsuruya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Anzai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shioyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ayano Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Arase
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shunji Hirose
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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4
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Liu Y, Wu C, Chen R, Li X, Xu Z, Li Q, Li L, Wang FS, Yang D, Lu M, Xu D. Molecular cloning and phenotypic analysis of drug-resistance mutants with relevant S-region variants of HBV for a patient during 189-month anti-HBV treatment. Antivir Ther 2020; 24:237-246. [PMID: 30882363 DOI: 10.3851/imp3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A unique chronic hepatitis B patient was followed over 189 months of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) therapies with the analysis of multiple drug-resistance HBV mutants. METHODS Clonal sequencing (≥20 clones/sample) was performed on sera sampled at 41 time points, and the phenotypic features of eight representative mutants were analysed. RESULTS Lamivudine (LAM)-, adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-, entecavir (ETV)- and repeat ADV-resistance mutants emerged upon individual sequential NA monotherapy. The efficacy of NA combination rescue therapies ranked as LAM+ADV < ETV+ADV < ETV+ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Specifically, LAM+ADV and ETV+ADV suppressed viral loads to <100 IU/ml for a long period of time, either with or without late stage HBV DNA fluctuations. Furthermore, ETV+TDF suppressed the viral load to <10 IU/ml. During the LAM+ADV and ETV+ADV combination therapies, ETV-resistance mutants dominated at most time points, and multidrug-resistance (MDR) mutants that harboured LAM-, ETV- and ADV-resistance mutations were intermittently detected. Interestingly, the rtA181T-causative sW172stop to sW172non-stop mutation transition was observed at HBV DNA fluctuations. In a phenotypic analysis, two MDR strains had cross-resistance to LAM, ETV and ADV, and a lower susceptibility to TDF (<10-fold decrease compared with the wild-type strain). In contrast, the natural replication capacity was inversely associated with the number of primary resistant mutations which would limit MDR mutant development. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, viral drug susceptibility, replication capacity, and perhaps immunological adaptation may play coordinated roles in the fitness of drug-resistance mutants. ETV+TDF therapy is the preferred option for treating chronic hepatitis B patients with multiple drug failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjuan Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dongping Xu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Wang H, Luo H, Wan X, Fu X, Mao Q, Xiang X, Zhou Y, He W, Zhang J, Guo Y, Tan W, Deng G. TNF-α/IFN-γ profile of HBV-specific CD4 T cells is associated with liver damage and viral clearance in chronic HBV infection. J Hepatol 2020; 72:45-56. [PMID: 31499130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The role of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD4 T cells in patients with chronic HBV infection is not clear. Thus, we aimed to elucidate this in patients with chronic infection, and those with hepatitis B flares. METHODS Through intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α staining, HBV-specific CD4 T cells were analyzed in 68 patients with chronic HBV infection and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) <2x the upper limit of normal (ULN), and 28 patients with a hepatitis B flare. HBV-specific HLA-DRB1*0803/HLA-DRB1*1202-restricted CD4 T cell epitopes were identified. RESULTS TNF-α producing cells were the dominant population in patients' HBV-specific CD4 T cells. In patients with ALT <2xULN, both the frequency and the dominance of HBV-specific IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells increased sequentially in patients with elevated levels of viral clearance: HBV e antigen (HBeAg) positive, HBeAg negative, and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) negative. In patients with a hepatitis B flare, the frequency of HBV core-specific TNF-α producing CD4 T cells was positively correlated with patients' ALT and total bilirubin levels, and the frequency of those cells changed in parallel with the severity of liver damage. Patients with HBeAg/HBsAg loss after flare showed higher frequency and dominance of HBV-specific IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells, compared to patients without HBeAg/HBsAg loss. Both the frequency and the dominance of HBV S-specific IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells were positively correlated with the decrease of HBsAg during flare. A differentiation process from TNF-α producing cells to IFN-γ producing cells in HBV-specific CD4 T cells was observed during flare. Eight and 9 HBV-derived peptides/pairs were identified as HLA-DRB1*0803 restricted epitopes and HLA-DRB1*1202 restricted epitopes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HBV-specific TNF-α producing CD4 T cells are associated with liver damage, while HBV-specific IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells are associated with viral clearance in patients with chronic HBV infection. LAY SUMMARY TNF-α producing cells are the dominant population of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD4 T cells in patients with chronic HBV infection. This population of cells might contribute to the aggravation of liver damage in patients with a hepatitis B flare. HBV-specific IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells are associated with HBV viral clearance. Differentiation from HBV-specific TNF-α producing CD4 T cells into HBV-specific IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells might favor HBV viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaomei Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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6
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Lazarevic I, Banko A, Miljanovic D, Cupic M. Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090778. [PMID: 31450544 PMCID: PMC6784188 DOI: 10.3390/v11090778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs as a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy among persons who have recovered from acute hepatitis and those who have controlled chronic infection. Recent literature data emphasize the presence of a high degree of S gene variability in HBV isolates from patients who developed reactivation. In reactivated HBV, the most frequently detected mutations belong to the second loop of “a” determinant in HBsAg. These mutations were identified to be immune escape and responsible for vaccine- and diagnostic-escape phenomena. Their emergence clearly provides survival in the presence of a developed humoral immune response and is often associated with impaired serological diagnosis of HBV reactivation. The knowledge of their existence and roles can elucidate the process of reactivation and strongly highlights the importance of HBV DNA detection in monitoring all patients with a history of HBV infection who are undergoing immunosuppression. This review discusses the possible influence of the most frequently found immune-escape mutations on HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lazarevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Banko
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Miljanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Cupic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Characterization and Clinical Significance of Natural Variability in Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcriptase in Treatment-Naive Chinese Patients by Sanger Sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.00119-19. [PMID: 31189581 PMCID: PMC6663897 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00119-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) are associated with nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) resistance during long-term antiviral treatment. However, the characterization of mutations in HBV RT in untreated patients has not yet been well illustrated. The objective of this study was to investigate the characterization and clinical significance of natural variability in HBV RT in treatment-naive patients. HBV RT sequences were analyzed in 427 patients by Sanger sequencing and in 66 patients by next-generation sequencing. Primary or secondary NA resistance (NAr) mutations were not found, except A181T in RT (rtA181T) by Sanger sequencing, but they were detected by next-generation sequencing. Mutations were found in 56 RT amino acid (aa) sites by Sanger sequencing, 36 of which had mutations that could lead to changes in B or T cell epitopes in the RT or S protein. The distribution of mutations was diverse in different sections within the RT region. Multiple mutations showed significant association with HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, age, and severity of liver fibrosis. Mutations at rt251, rt266, rt274, rt280, rt283, rt284, and rt286 were found most in the advanced liver disease (ALD) group by next-generation sequencing. The present study demonstrates that next-generation sequencing (NGS) was more suitable than Sanger sequencing to monitor NAr mutations at a low rate in the treatment-naive patients, and that mutations in the RT region might be involved in the progression to ALD.
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8
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Anastasiou OE, Widera M, Westhaus S, Timmer L, Korth J, Gerken G, Canbay A, Todt D, Steinmann E, Schwarz T, Timm J, Verheyen J, Ciesek S. Clinical Outcome and Viral Genome Variability of Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Acute Liver Failure. Hepatology 2019; 69:993-1003. [PMID: 30229977 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a frequent cause of acute liver failure (ALF) worldwide. ALF occurs in 0.1%-0.5% of infected patients. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the outcome of patients with HBV-induced ALF and mutational patterns of HBV variants, which might contribute to ALF. From 2005 to 2016, 42 patients were treated for HBV-induced ALF in the University Hospital Essen, Germany. Clinical and virological data from these patients were collected. As a control, 38 patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB) without liver failure were included. The HBV genome was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Mutations that were found by NGS were analyzed in vitro. Of 42 patients, 8 had ALF without spontaneous recovery (NSR): Seven patients underwent liver transplantation (LT) and one patient died before LT. Of 42 patients, 34 (81%) had spontaneous recovery (SR) and cleared the infection, achieving either anti-HBs seroconversion or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. HBV genotype (GT)-D was the most frequent GT in patients with ALF. Mutations in HBV core, preS2, and small hepatitis B surface antigen (SHB) were more frequent in patients with ALF-NSR compared with those with ALF-SR or AHB. Amino acid deletions (del; 16-22 and 20-22) in preS2 and SHB mutation L49R were exclusively detected in patients with ALF-NSR. In vitro analyses reveal that these mutations did not influence HBsAg secretion or infectivity. Conclusion: HBV GT-D and increased variability in HBV core, preS2 region, and SHB are associated with a worse clinical outcome of acute HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympia E Anastasiou
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Westhaus
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lejla Timmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Korth
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Verheyen
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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9
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Nomura M, Tsuge M, Uchida T, Hiraga N, Kurihara M, Tsushima K, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Abe-Chayama H, Kawaoka T, Miki D, Hiramatsu A, Imamura M, Kawakami Y, Aikata H, Ochi H, Zhang Y, Makokha GN, Hayes CN, Tanaka S, Chayama K. CTL-associated and NK cell-associated immune responses induce different HBV DNA reduction patterns in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1555-1564. [PMID: 29998562 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The activation of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis is associated with both natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We analyzed the association between the immune response and changes in the proportion of Pre-S deletion variants. We quantified Pre-S deleted HBV (HBV-del) and wild-type HBV (HBV-wt) DNA levels in sera obtained from HBV-infected mice and chronic hepatitis B patients. In chronic hepatitis B patients, the HBV-del proportion usually increased during or after ALT elevation but did not occur during all ALT elevations. To clarify this difference in the immunological responses, we performed in vivo analyses using HBV-infected human hepatocyte chimeric mice. Although HBV-del proportions did not change in mice with NK cell-associated hepatitis or in mice treated with entecavir, the proportions sharply increased in mice with CTL-associated hepatitis. Furthermore, the number of patients in which HBV-del proportions were greater than 5% was significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B patients than in asymptomatic carriers (P = 0.023). We identified associations between virological response in chronic hepatitis B patients and two different immune responses. The proportion of HBV-del variants could be a useful biomarker for distinguishing between chronic hepatitis and asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mio Kurihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken Tsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Clair Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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van der Ree MH, Jansen L, Welkers MRA, Reesink HW, Feenstra KA, Kootstra NA. Deep sequencing identifies hepatitis B virus core protein signatures in chronic hepatitis B patients. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:213-225. [PMID: 30121196 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify HBc amino acid differences between subgroups of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODS Deep sequencing of HBc was performed in samples of 89 CHB patients (42 HBeAg positive, 47 HBeAg negative). Amino acid types were compared using Sequence Harmony to identify subgroup specific sites between HBeAg-positive and -negative patients, and between patients with combined response and non-response to peginterferon/adefovir combination therapy. RESULTS We identified 54 positions in HBc where the frequency of appearing amino acids was significantly different between HBeAg-positive and -negative patients. In HBeAg negative patients, 22 positions in HBc were identified which differed between patients with treatment response and those with non-response. The fraction non-consensus sequence on selected positions was significantly higher in HBeAg-negative patients, and was negatively correlated with HBV DNA and HBsAg levels. CONCLUSIONS Sequence Harmony identified a number of amino acid changes associated with HBeAg-status and response to peginterferon/adefovir combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike H van der Ree
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs R A Welkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Anton Feenstra
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics VU (IBIVU), Department of Computer Science, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicine and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Quasispecies characters of hepatitis B virus in immunoprophylaxis failure infants. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1153-1162. [PMID: 29629487 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B vaccination prevents 80-95% of transmission and reduces the incidence of HBV in children. The variations in the a determinant of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) have been reported to be the most prevalent cause for vaccine or antibody escape. There is a conflicting evidence on as to whether escape mutants arise de novo in infected infants or whether the mutants, that have preexisted maternally, subsequently undergo selective replication in the infant under immune pressure. Here, we report that nearly 65% (55 of 85) vaccination failure in child patients has no amino acid substitution in a determinant as seen by Sanger sequencing. We further employed an Illumina sequencing platform-based method to detect HBV quasispecies in four immunoprophylaxis failure infants and their mothers. In our data, the substitution rate of amino acid located at a determinant is relatively low (< 10%), I/T126A, C124S, F134Y, K141Q, Q129H, D144A, G145V, and N146K, which showed no statistical difference to their mothers, proving that these vaccine escape mutants preexist maternally as minor variants. Besides that, bioinformatical analysis showed that the binding affinity of high variation epitopes (amino acid divergence in mother and their infants > 20%) to related HLA molecules was generally decreased, these traces of immune escape suggesting that immune pressure was present and was effective in all samples.
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12
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Tan W, Xia J, Dan Y, Li M, Lin S, Pan X, Wang H, Tang Y, Liu N, Tan S, Liu M, He W, Zhang W, Mao Q, Wang Y, Deng G. Genome-wide association study identifies HLA-DR variants conferring risk of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gut 2018; 67:757-766. [PMID: 28130311 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an extreme condition after severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B; however, the underlying genetic factors involved in its onset and progression are currently unclear. DESIGN We carried out a genome-wide association study among 399 HBV-related ACLFs (cases) and 401 asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsCs, as controls) without antiviral treatment. The initial findings were replicated in four independent case-control sets (a total of 901 ACLFs and 1686 AsCs). The roles of risk variants on clinical traits of ACLF were also analysed. RESULTS Among 1300 ACLFs and 2087 AsCs, we identified rs3129859 at human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II region (chromosome 6p21.32) associated with HBV-related ACLF (combined P dominant =2.64×10-20, OR=1.83). Analysis identified HLA-DRB1*12:02 as the top susceptible HLA allele associated with ACLF (p=3.94×10-6, OR=2.05). The association of rs3129859 was robust in ACLF subgroups (ACLFs with liver cirrhosis, p=1.36×10-16; ACLFs without liver cirrhosis, p=1.52×10-7), and patients at low-replicative phase (p=6.36×10-11, OR=2.29) or HBV e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B phase (p=1.51×10-14, OR=1.86). Clinical traits analysis in patients with ACLF showed that the risky rs3129859*C allele was also associated with prolonged prothrombin time, faster progression to ascites development and higher 28-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide association study identified HLA-DR as the major locus for susceptibility to HBV-related ACLF. Our findings highlight the importance of HLA class II restricted CD4+ T-cell pathway on the immunopathogenesis of HBV-related ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Clinical and Research Center of Liver Failure, The 302nd Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Dan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 303rd Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shide Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingnan Pan
- Clinical Liver Center, The 180th Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Clinical and Research Center of Liver Failure, The 302nd Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzi Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Nana Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Research of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Bekele Y, Graham RL, Soeria-Atmadja S, Nasi A, Zazzi M, Vicenti I, Naver L, Nilsson A, Chiodi F. Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in HIV-1-Infected Young Adults: A Tool to Reduce the Size of HIV-1 Reservoirs? Front Immunol 2018; 8:1966. [PMID: 29375579 PMCID: PMC5767726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During anti-retroviral therapy (ART) HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs, mostly represented by CD4+ memory T cells. Several approaches are currently being undertaken to develop a cure for HIV-1 infection through elimination (or reduction) of these reservoirs. Few studies have so far been conducted to assess the possibility of reducing the size of HIV-1 reservoirs through vaccination in virologically controlled HIV-1-infected children. We recently conducted a vaccination study with a combined hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in 22 HIV-1-infected children. We assessed the size of the virus reservoir, measured as total HIV-1 DNA copies in blood cells, pre- and postvaccination. In addition, we investigated by immunostaining whether the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and parameters of immune activation and proliferation on these cells were modulated by vaccination. At 1 month from the last vaccination dose, we found that 20 out of 22 children mounted a serological response to HBV; a majority of children had antibodies against HAV at baseline. The number of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood at 1 month postvaccination was reduced in comparison to baseline although this reduction was not statistically significant. A significant reduction of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood following vaccination was found in 12 children. The frequencies of CD4+ (naïve, effector memory) and CD8+ (central memory) T-cell subpopulations changed following vaccinations and a reduction in the activation and proliferation pattern of these cells was also noticed. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the frequency of CD8+ effector memory T cells prior to vaccination was strongly predictive of the reduction of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood following vaccination of the 22 HIV-1-infected children. The results of this study suggest a beneficial effect of vaccination to reduce the size of virus reservoir in HIV-1-infected children receiving ART. A reduced frequency of activated CD4+ cells and an increase in central memory CD8+ T cells were associated with this finding. Further studies should assess whether vaccination is a possible tool to reduce HIV-1 reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Bekele
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Lantto Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Soeria-Atmadja
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aikaterini Nasi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lars Naver
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Women's and Children Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Bian Y, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Zhao J, Zhu D, Wang Y, Fu S, Guo J, Liu L, Su L, Wang FS, Fu YX, Peng H. Vaccines targeting preS1 domain overcome immune tolerance in hepatitis B virus carrier mice. Hepatology 2017; 66:1067-1082. [PMID: 28445927 PMCID: PMC5605403 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Strong tolerance to hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigens limits the therapeutic effect of the conventional hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccination in both preclinical animal models and patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. In contrast, we observed that clinical CHB patients presented less immune tolerance to the preS1 domain of HBV large surface antigen. To study whether targeting the weak tolerance of the preS1 region could improve therapy gain, we explored vaccination with the long peptide of preS1 domain for HBV virions clearance. Our study showed that this preS1-polypeptide rather than HBsAg vaccination induced robust immune responses in HBV carrier mice. The anti-preS1 rapidly cleared HBV virions in vivo and blocked HBV infection to hepatocytes in vitro. Intriguingly, vaccination of preS1-polypeptide even reduced the tolerized status of HBsAg, opening a therapeutic window for the host to respond to the HBsAg vaccine. A sequential administration of antigenically distinct preS1-polypeptide and HBsAg vaccines in HBV carrier mice could finally induce HBsAg/hepatitis B surface antibody serological conversion and clear chronic HBV infection in carrier mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that preS1 can function as a therapeutic vaccine for the control of CHB. (Hepatology 2017;66:1067-1082).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Bian
- IBP-UT Group for Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichen Sun
- IBP-UT Group for Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Sherry Fu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jingya Guo
- IBP-UT Group for Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longchao Liu
- IBP-UT Group for Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lishan Su
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- IBP-UT Group for Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hua Peng
- IBP-UT Group for Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Wisskirchen K, Metzger K, Schreiber S, Asen T, Weigand L, Dargel C, Witter K, Kieback E, Sprinzl MF, Uckert W, Schiemann M, Busch DH, Krackhardt AM, Protzer U. Isolation and functional characterization of hepatitis B virus-specific T-cell receptors as new tools for experimental and clinical use. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182936. [PMID: 28792537 PMCID: PMC5549754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell therapy of chronic hepatitis B is a novel approach to restore antiviral T-cell immunity and cure the infection. We aimed at identifying T-cell receptors (TCR) with high functional avidity that have the potential to be used for adoptive T-cell therapy. To this end, we cloned HLA-A*02-restricted, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cells from patients with acute or resolved HBV infection. We isolated 11 envelope- or core-specific TCRs and evaluated them in comprehensive functional analyses. T cells were genetically modified by retroviral transduction to express HBV-specific TCRs. CD8+ as well as CD4+ T cells became effector T cells recognizing even picomolar concentrations of cognate peptide. TCR-transduced T cells were polyfunctional, secreting the cytokines interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2, and effectively killed hepatoma cells replicating HBV. Notably, our collection of HBV-specific TCRs recognized peptides derived from HBV genotypes A, B, C and D presented on different HLA-A*02 subtypes common in areas with high HBV prevalence. When co-cultured with HBV-infected cells, TCR-transduced T cells rapidly reduced viral markers within two days. Our unique set of HBV-specific TCRs with different affinities represents an interesting tool for elucidating mechanisms of TCR-MHC interaction and dissecting specific anti-HBV mechanisms exerted by T cells. TCRs with high functional avidity might be suited to redirect T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy of chronic hepatitis B and HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wisskirchen
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (UP); (KW)
| | - Kai Metzger
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Schreiber
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Asen
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Luise Weigand
- III. Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Dargel
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Witter
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Kieback
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin F. Sprinzl
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Focus Groups “Viral Hepatitis” and “Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela M. Krackhardt
- III. Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
- Focus Groups “Viral Hepatitis” and “Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (UP); (KW)
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16
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Eschlimann M, Malvé B, Velay A, Fenaux H, Berger S, Frippiat JP, Zoulim F, Bensenane M, Bronowicki JP, Goehringer F, May T, Jeulin H, Schvoerer E. The variability of hepatitis B envelope is associated with HBs antigen persistence in either chronic or acute HBV genotype A infection. J Clin Virol 2017; 94:115-122. [PMID: 28822954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 240 million people are chronically infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. Envelope proteins play a crucial role in viral cellular entry and immune recognition. The loss of HBs antigen (HBsAg) correlated with a good clinical prognosis is rarely achieved with or without treatment (3-16%). OBJECTIVES HBV envelope variability was investigated according to HBsAg persistence. STUDY DESIGN The cohort consisted of 15 HBV genotype A-infected patients divided into "resolvers", with HBsAg clearance, and "non-resolvers", with HBsAg persistence and in subgroups: acute (n=5, AHBV) or chronic infection (n=4, CHBV) and HBV/HIV coinfection (n=6, CHBV/HIV). HBV S and preS sequences were studied by direct and ultra-deep sequencing. Amino acid sequences were analyzed with bioinformatics for predicted antigenicity. RESULTS In S gene, the complexity was lower in AHBV than in chronic-infected patients (p=0.046). Major mutations, detected using direct sequencing, were more frequent in AHBV developing chronicity (p=0.01) than in AHBV resolvers. In the Major Hydrophilic Region, more frequent mutations were observed in non-resolvers versus resolvers (p=0.047) and non-resolvers tended to have more haplotypes with a reduced predicted antigenicity (p=0.07). Most of the mutations in preS/S region were found rather in epitopic than in non-epitopic areas (p=0.025). Interestingly, the mutation sY161F found in 3/8 non-resolvers was associated with a decrease in predicted antigenicity (28%; AnTheProt). CONCLUSIONS HBsAg persistence was correlated with mutations and deletions in areas playing a key role in immune recognition. These data suggest that variability in HBV envelope could favor immune escape in various clinical settings of HBV genotype A-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Eschlimann
- Université de Lorraine, EA 7300 Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54505, France.
| | - Brice Malvé
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Laboratoire de Virologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Aurélie Velay
- Université de Lorraine, EA 7300 Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54505, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Laboratoire de Virologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Honorine Fenaux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Laboratoire de Virologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Sibel Berger
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Laboratoire de Virologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Jean-Pol Frippiat
- Université de Lorraine, EA 7300 Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54505, France.
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Université de Lyon, Unité Inserm UI1052, Lyon, F-69424, France.
| | - Mouni Bensenane
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Bronowicki
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - François Goehringer
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Thierry May
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Hélène Jeulin
- Université de Lorraine, EA 7300 Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54505, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Laboratoire de Virologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
| | - Evelyne Schvoerer
- Université de Lorraine, EA 7300 Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54505, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Laboratoire de Virologie, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54511, France.
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17
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Malve B, Eschlimann M, Galgey S, Fenaux H, Zoulim F, Goehringer F, Rabaud C, May T, Jeulin H, Schvoerer E. Impact of deletions and mutations in Hepatitis B virus envelope proteins on serological profile and clinical evolution. Virus Res 2017; 238:141-147. [PMID: 28673869 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope glycoproteins are essential for viral entry into the hepatocyte and are also targets for host immune response. The study of these proteins could allow us to highlight molecular hot points influencing HBV fitness, which would subsequently modify the clinical evolution of the disease, both under anti-viral therapy or without treatment. The present short communication underlines the importance of the high variability in HBV envelope proteins, in regard with the literature and in our hands, for HBV-infected patients either on anti-HBV treatment or not. We report mutations in antigenic areas of S protein, i.e. CD8+/CD4+ T-cell epitopes and B-cell epitopes in the major hydrophilic region (MHR), such as sI126N and sG145R possibly involved in the rare coexisting Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)/anti-HBs serological pattern. We mostly report serial mutations in preS region including preS1 deletion (aa 1-6, 31-71, 38-73, 72-104) and preS2 deletion (aa132-141) in patients with various clinical evolutions. Some of these viral envelope mutations, due to immune selection pressure, may result in a worsening of the hepatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Malve
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Marine Eschlimann
- EA 7300 'Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes', Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Shaunagh Galgey
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Honorine Fenaux
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Unité Inserm UI1052, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France.
| | - François Goehringer
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Christian Rabaud
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Thierry May
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Hélène Jeulin
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France; EA 7300 'Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes', Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
| | - Evelyne Schvoerer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France; EA 7300 'Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes', Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France.
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18
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Lumley S, Noble H, Hadley MJ, Callow L, Malik A, Chua YY, Duffey OJ, Grolmusova N, Kumar A, Ravenscroft S, Spencer JI, Neumann-Haefelin C, Thimme R, Andersson M, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Matthews PC. Hepitopes: A live interactive database of HLA class I epitopes in hepatitis B virus. Wellcome Open Res 2016; 1:9. [PMID: 27976751 PMCID: PMC5142601 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9952.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased clinical and scientific scrutiny is being applied to hepatitis B virus (HBV), with focus on the development of new therapeutic approaches, ultimately aiming for cure. Defining the optimum natural CD8+ T cell immune responses that arise in HBV, mediated by HLA class I epitope presentation, may help to inform novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Therefore, we have set out to develop a comprehensive database of these epitopes in HBV, coined ‘Hepitopes’. This undertaking has its foundations in a systematic literature review to identify the sites and sequences of all published class I epitopes in HBV. We also collected information regarding the methods used to define each epitope, and any reported associations between an immune response to this epitope and disease outcome. The results of this search have been collated into a new open-access interactive database that is available at
http://www.expmedndm.ox.ac.uk/hepitopes. Over time, we will continue to refine and update this resource, as well as inviting contributions from others in the field to support its development. This unique new database is an important foundation for ongoing investigations into the nature and impact of the CD8+ T cell response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Lumley
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Liz Callow
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Amna Malik
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi Yi Chua
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Owen J Duffey
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalia Grolmusova
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Arvind Kumar
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Ravenscroft
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan I Spencer
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monique Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Qu Y, Huang Y, Liu D, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Mi Z, An X, Tong Y, Lu J. High-Throughput Analysis of the T Cell Receptor Beta Chain Repertoire in PBMCs from Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with HBeAg Seroconversion. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2016; 2016:8594107. [PMID: 27818694 PMCID: PMC5081459 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8594107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the most important immune cells that affect both the development and treatment of hepatitis B. We used high-throughput sequencing to determine the diversity in the V and J regions of the TCRβ chain in 4 chronic hepatitis B patients before and after HBeAg seroconversion. Here, we demonstrate that the 4 patients expressed Vβ12-4 at the highest frequencies of 10.6%, 9.2%, 17.5%, and 7.5%, and Vβ28 was the second most common, with frequencies of 7.8%, 6.7%, 5.3%, and 10.9%, respectively. No significant changes were observed following seroconversion. With regard to the Jβ gene, Jβ2-1 was the most commonly expressed in the 4 patients at frequencies of 5.8%, 6.5%, 11.3%, and 7.3%, respectively. Analysis of the V-J region genes revealed several differences, including significant increases in the expression levels of V7-2-01-J2-1, V12-4-J1-1, and V28-1-J1-5 and a decrease in that of V19-01-J2-3. These results illustrate the presence of biased TCRVβ and Jβ gene expression in the chronic hepatitis B patients. TRBVβ12-4, Vβ28, Jβ2-1, V7-2-01-J2-1, V12-4-J1-1, and V28-1-J1-5 may be associated with the development and treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Qu
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Network Information Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Huang
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Li H, Song XF, Hu TT, Ren H, Hu P. A strong conservative tendency in HBV transcriptase (RT): a majority of natural RT mutations derived from the S gene. Liver Int 2016; 36:963-70. [PMID: 26707356 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about natural mutations in the HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) region. Our study aimed to characterize the natural RT mutation along the natural course of chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS Sixty CHB patients (immune-tolerant phase, IT, n = 20; immune-active phase, IA, n = 20 and inactive carriers phase, IC, n = 20) were selected from the Focal study, including 25 subjects with median 18 months follow-up. Mutations were evaluated at both RT and main S protein encoding region by clone-based sequencing. RESULTS The HBV RT quasispecies had significant lower heterogeneity in IT than IA and IC phases (P < 0.05), but not between IA and IC phases (P > 0.05). Limited heterogeneity over time was further confirmed in a longitudinal study. Locations of RT mutations were primarily located in the interdomians and the lowest in functional domains in each phase. Mutations in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) I epitopes (IT, 0.95%; IA, 1.31%; IC, 1.28%, P < 0.05) and HLA II epitopes (IT, 0.70%; IA, 0.90%; IC, 1.45%, P < 0.01) varied significantly over time. More frequent mutations were detected in the ORF of S gene from the same clones (HBsAg vs. RT: IT, 75 vs. 45; IA, 83 vs. 64; IC, 80 vs. 65). The majority of RT mutations were shared with genetic changes in the main S gene. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that HBV RT showed a strong conservative tendency and a majority of their natural mutations were derived from the same genetic changes in the S gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Czarnota A, Tyborowska J, Peszyńska-Sularz G, Gromadzka B, Bieńkowska-Szewczyk K, Grzyb K. Immunogenicity of Leishmania-derived hepatitis B small surface antigen particles exposing highly conserved E2 epitope of hepatitis C virus. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:62. [PMID: 27075377 PMCID: PMC4831159 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide, affecting an estimated 2-3 % of human population. An HCV vaccine, however, remains unavailable. High viral diversity poses a challenge in developing a vaccine capable of eliciting a broad neutralizing antibody response against all HCV genotypes. The small surface antigen (sHBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has the ability to form highly immunogenic subviral particles which are currently used as an efficient anti-HBV vaccine. It also represents an attractive antigen carrier for the delivery of foreign sequences. In the present study, we propose a bivalent vaccine candidate based on novel chimeric particles in which highly conserved epitope of HCV E2 glycoprotein (residues 412-425) was inserted into the hydrophilic loop of sHBsAg. RESULTS The expression of chimeric protein was performed in an unconventional, Leishmania tarentolae expression system resulting in an assembly of particles which retained immunogenicity of both HCV epitope and sHBsAg protein. Direct transmission electron microscopy observation and immunogold staining confirmed the formation of spherical particles approximately 22 nm in diameter, and proper foreign epitope exposition. Furthermore, the sera of mice immunized with chimeric particles proved reactive not only to purified yeast-derived sHBsAg proteins but also HCV E2 412-425 synthetic peptide. Most importantly, they were also able to cross-react with E1E2 complexes from different HCV genotypes. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we confirmed successful assembly of chimeric sHBsAg virus-like particles (VLPs) in the L. tarentolae expression system which has the potential to produce high-yields of properly N-glycosylated mammalian proteins. We also proved that chimeric Leishmania-derived VLPs are highly immunogenic and able to elicit cross-reactive antibody response against HCV. This approach may prove useful in the development of a bivalent prophylactic vaccine against HBV and HCV and opens up a new and low-cost opportunity for the production of chimeric sHBsAg VLPs requiring N-glycosylation process for their proper functionality and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czarnota
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Tyborowska
- Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, Gdańsk, 80-307, Poland
| | - Grażyna Peszyńska-Sularz
- Tri-City Academic Laboratory Animal Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, Gdańsk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Beata Gromadzka
- Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, Gdańsk, 80-307, Poland
| | - Krystyna Bieńkowska-Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzyb
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland.
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22
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Wasityastuti W, Yano Y, Ratnasari N, Triyono T, Triwikatmani C, Indrarti F, Heriyanto DS, Yamani LN, Liang Y, Utsumi T, Hayashi Y. Protective effects of HLA-DPA1/DPB1 variants against Hepatitis B virus infection in an Indonesian population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:177-184. [PMID: 27051043 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DPA1/DPB1 variants have been reported to influence Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HLA-DPA1/DPB1 plays a pivotal role in antigen presentation to CD4(+) helper T cells and influences the outcome of HBV infection. To investigate the influence of HLA-DP variants on the outcome of HBV infection in an Indonesian population where it has the third-highest prevalence of HBV infection worldwide, we performed a case-control study of 686 participants, including patients with HBV-related advanced or nonadvanced liver disease, patients with spontaneously resolved HBV, and healthy controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HLA-DPA1 (rs3077) and HLA-DPB1 (rs3135021, rs9277535, and rs228388) were genotyped using real-time TaqMan® genotyping assays. Because rs2281388 deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it was excluded from subsequent analyses. The results of logistic regression analyses showed that the HLA-DPB1 rs9277535 variants were associated with a reduced risk of persistent HBV infection (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.52-0.96, P=0.026, additive genetic model; OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.96, P=0.033, dominant genetic model). The HLA-DPA1 rs3077 variant was associated with a protective effect increasing the spontaneously resolved HBV infection (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-0.98, P=0.039, dominant genetic model). By contrast, the HLA-DPB1 rs3135021 variant was not associated with the outcome of HBV infection, including susceptibility, spontaneously resolved, or disease progression. Combinations of haplotype markers were also associated with HBV susceptibility (CA for rs3077-rs9277535, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.92, P=0.021; GA for rs3135021-rs9277535, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.86, P=0.0087). In conclusion, these findings confirm that HLA-DPA1/DPB1 variants were associated with the outcomes of HBV infection in an Indonesian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Wasityastuti
- Division of Molecular Medicine & Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Infectious Disease Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Neneng Ratnasari
- Subdivision of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Triyono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Catharina Triwikatmani
- Subdivision of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Fahmi Indrarti
- Subdivision of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Laura Navika Yamani
- Division of Molecular Medicine & Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Infectious Disease Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yujiao Liang
- Division of Molecular Medicine & Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Infectious Disease Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takako Utsumi
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yoshitake Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Medicine & Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Infectious Disease Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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23
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Pu Z, Li D, Wang A, Su H, Shao Z, Zhang J, Ji Z, Gao J, Choi BCK, Yan Y. Epidemiological characteristics of the carriers with coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs based on a community cohort study. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:286-93. [PMID: 26663578 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs is an atypical serological pattern in HBV infection. There is no epidemiological characteristics of this serological pattern in the community and there is controversy over the molecular mechanisms underlying this pattern. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of the carriers with HBsAg and anti-HBs in a longitudinal community cohort study. The prevalence of this atypical serological pattern was 2.93% (122/4169) in HBsAg-positive populations. The prevalence progressively increased with age from 40 to 70 years old. The rate of HBeAg positive and detectable HBV DNA were both significantly higher in carriers with this pattern than in carriers who were HBsAg positive but anti-HBs negative (26/122 verse 598/4047, P = 0.046; 86/122 verse 275/529,P < 0.001). After 1 year of follow-up, 85.19% of the carriers still had coexistence HBsAg and anti-HBs, 14.81% of the carriers lost their anti-HBs. Viral sequencing showed that carriers with coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs had higher numbers of residue changes within the S gene than carriers who were HBsAg positive but anti-HBs negative (2.42 verse 1.33 changes per 100 residues, P < 0.05). Hence, the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs is a unique serological pattern which may be associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcome and may be related to HBsAg immune variants which have genotypic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - A Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - H Su
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - B C K Choi
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Y Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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24
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Aragri M, Alteri C, Battisti A, Di Carlo D, Minichini C, Sagnelli C, Bellocchi MC, Pisaturo MA, Starace M, Armenia D, Carioti L, Pollicita M, Salpini R, Sagnelli E, Perno CF, Coppola N, Svicher V. Multiple Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Quasispecies and Immune-Escape Mutations Are Present in HBV Surface Antigen and Reverse Transcriptase of Patients With Acute Hepatitis B. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1897-905. [PMID: 26908731 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study characterizes and defines the clinical value of hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies with reverse transcriptase and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) heterogeneity in patients with acute HBV infection. METHODS Sixty-two patients with acute HBV infection (44 with genotype D infection and 18 with genotype A infection) were enrolled from 2000 to 2010. Plasma samples obtained at the time of the first examination were analyzed by ultradeep pyrosequencing. The extent of HBsAg amino acid variability was measured by Shannon entropy. RESULTS Median alanine aminotransferase and serum HBV DNA levels were 2544 U/L (interquartile range, 1938-3078 U/L) and 5.88 log10 IU/mL (interquartile range, 4.47-7.37 log10 IU/mL), respectively. Although most patients serologically resolved acute HBV infection, only 54.1% developed antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). A viral population with ≥1 immune-escape mutation was found in 53.2% of patients (intrapatient prevalence range, 0.16%-100%). Notably, by Shannon entropy, higher genetic variability at HBsAg amino acid positions 130, 133, and 157 significantly correlated with no production of anti-HBs in individuals infected with genotype D (P < .05). Stop codons were detected in 19.3% of patients (intrapatient prevalence range, 1.6%-47.5%) and occurred at 11 HBsAg amino acid positions, including 172 and 182, which are known to increase the oncogenic potential of HBV.Finally, ≥1 drug resistance mutation was detected in 8.1% of patients (intrapatient prevalence range, 0.11%-47.5% for primary mutations and 10.5%-99.9% for compensatory mutations). CONCLUSIONS Acute HBV infection is characterized by complex array of viral quasispecies with reduced antigenicity/immunogenicity and enhanced oncogenic potential. These viral variants may induce difficult-to-treat HBV forms; favor HBV reactivation upon iatrogenic immunosuppression, even years after infection; and potentially affect the efficacy of the current HBV vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Aragri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Arianna Battisti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Domenico Di Carlo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Carmine Minichini
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Caserta
| | - Caterina Sagnelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Antonietta Pisaturo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Caserta
| | - Mario Starace
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Caserta
| | - Daniele Armenia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Luca Carioti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Michela Pollicita
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Romina Salpini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Evangelista Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Caserta
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Caserta
| | - Valentina Svicher
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
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Increased intrahepatic quasispecies heterogeneity correlates with off-treatment sustained response to nucleos(t)ide analogues in e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:201-207. [PMID: 26493847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Finite treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) remains a great challenge for chronic hepatitis B in the clinic. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intrahepatic quasispecies heterogeneity and the NAs off-treatment outcomes in a prospective cohort. Eighteen HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B who achieved the cessation criteria underwent liver biopsy, and stopped treatment thereafter. Patients were followed up prospectively for 1 year. The reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) was cloned and sequenced. Intrahepatic quasispecies heterogeneity and specific gene mutations were analysed using bioinformatic methods. Ten patients achieved sustained response, and eight patients developed viral relapse. The intrahepatic quasispecies Shannon entropy and nucleotide diversity within either RT or the surface (S) region of patients with sustained response were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of patients who had a viral relapse. Intrahepatic quasispecies Shannon entropy at the nucleotide level predicted the sustained off-treatment response (area under receiver operating characteristics curve 0.925; 95% CI 0.807-1.000; p 0.003). More positive selection sites and N-glycosylation mutations within the S region were found in patients with sustained response than in the patients with viral relapse (p < 0.01). Most of the positive selection sites in patients with sustained response were located in reported HLA-I-restricted or HLA-II-restricted epitopes. Intrahepatic quasispecies heterogeneity at the end of treatment was correlated with off-treatment outcomes in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. More immune escape mutations were found within the S region in patients with sustained response. The higher intrahepatic quasispecies heterogeneity indicated a more robust immune control over HBV, which in turn maintained a sustained response after withdrawal of NAs.
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26
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Zhang AY, Lai CL, Huang FY, Seto WK, Fung J, Wong DKH, Yuen MF. Evolutionary Changes of Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Mutations Prior to Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139478. [PMID: 26421619 PMCID: PMC4589234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Deletions/mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S region have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to study the evolutionary changes of pre-S mutations prior to HCC development. METHODS We studied the HBV pre-S sequences at 1 to 10 years preceding diagnosis of HCC in 74 patients with HBV-related HCC (HCC group). 148 chronic hepatitis B patients matched for sex and age in 2:1 ratio, who had been followed up for at least 3 years without HCC (HCC-free group) were recruited as controls. 56 and 47 patients of HCC and HCC-free groups respectively had serially stored sera for longitudinally examination at 1-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and ≥10 years prior to the recruitment of the study. RESULTS Compared to the HCC-free group, higher frequencies of pre-S deletions and point mutations (at 11 codons) were observed in the HCC group (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that pre-S deletions, point mutations at codon 51 and 167 were independent factors associated with HCC. Longitudinal observation showed that pre-S deletions and most of the 11 HCC-associated pre-S point mutations existed at least 10 years before HCC development, and were more prevalent preceding HCC development in patients from HCC groups than HCC-free group. The number of HCC-associated pre-S point mutations increased over time preceding HCC development, and correlated positively with the time to HCC diagnosis (r = 0.220, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS High prevalence and cumulative evolution of pre-S mutations preceding HCC development suggested a possible carcinogenic role of pre-S mutations and their potential application in HCC risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ye Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ching-Lung Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fung-Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James Fung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail: (MFY); (DKHW)
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail: (MFY); (DKHW)
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Rybczynska J, Campbell K, Kamili S, Locarnini S, Krawczynski K, Walker CM. CD4+ T Cells Are Not Required for Suppression of Hepatitis B Virus Replication in the Liver of Vaccinated Chimpanzees. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:49-56. [PMID: 26324781 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans vaccinated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) sometimes develop humoral and cellular immunity to HBV proteins such as core and polymerase that are not vaccine components, providing indirect evidence that vaccine-induced immunity is not sterilizing. We previously described CD4(+) T-cell immunity against HBsAg and polymerase in chimpanzees after vaccination and HBV challenge. Here, vaccinated chimpanzees with protective levels of anti-HBsAg antibodies were rechallenged with HBV after antibody-mediated CD4(+) T-cell depletion. HBV DNA was detected in liver for at least 3 months after rechallenge, but virus replication was suppressed, as revealed by the absence of HBV DNA and HBsAg in serum. These observations provide direct virological evidence for nonsterilizing immunity in individuals with anti-HBsAg antibodies and are consistent with translation of HBV proteins to prime immune responses. They also indicate that CD4(+) T cells were not required for suppression of HBV replication in previously vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rybczynska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Locarnini
- Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Krawczynski
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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28
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Han Y, Gong L, Sheng J, Liu F, Li XH, Chen L, Yu DM, Gong QM, Hao P, Zhang XX. Prediction of virological response by pretreatment hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase quasispecies heterogeneity: the advantage of using next-generation sequencing. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:797.e1-8. [PMID: 25882357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of antiviral efficacy prior to treatment remains largely unavailable. We have previously demonstrated the clinical value of on-treatment hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) quasispecies (QS) evolution patterns. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relevance for prediction of pretreatment HBV RT QS characteristics by comparing the performance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clone-based Sanger sequencing (CBS). Thirty-six lamivudine-treated patients were retrospectively studied, including 18 responders and 18 non-responders. CBS and NGS data of pretreatment serum HBV were used to generate RT QS genetic complexity and diversity scores, according to our previous studies. The ability of both methods to predict responsiveness was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A cut-off value was generated on the basis of prediction ability. Responders had significantly higher pretreatment RT QS genetic complexity and diversity (in the first two parts, which overlapped with the S gene, at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels) than non-responders by NGS-based testing. NGS-based algorithms predicted response better than CBS in the ROC curve analysis. The mean distance of the second contig had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value. When the cut-off value was set to 0.007186, the difference between survival curves was significant (p 0.0090). Pretreatment HBV RT QS heterogeneity in the overlapping region of the RT and S genes could be a predictor of antiviral efficacy. NGS improves the predictions of virological outcomes relative to CBS algorithms. This may have important implications for the clinical management of subjects chronically infected with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Liver Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Sheng
- Shanghai Centre for Bioinformation Technology, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X-H Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - D-M Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Q-M Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - P Hao
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - X-X Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Medicine Research Centre, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Charuworn P, Hengen PN, Aguilar Schall R, Dinh P, Ge D, Corsa A, Reesink HW, Zoulim F, Kitrinos KM. Baseline interpatient hepatitis B viral diversity differentiates HBsAg outcomes in patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. J Hepatol 2015; 62:1033-9. [PMID: 25514556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HBsAg loss is a desired, but rare, treatment-induced clinical endpoint in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Few studies have evaluated viral factors contributing to HBsAg loss. METHODS This study evaluated baseline interpatient sequence diversity across the HBV genome in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-treated patients who lost HBsAg and compared it to that of control patients with high HBsAg levels throughout therapy. Twenty-one HBeAg+ patients (14 genotype (GT) A and 7 GT D) who achieved HBsAg loss and 27 controls (17 GT A and 10 GT D), were analyzed. Population sequencing was performed on baseline samples and pairwise genetic distances were calculated for 17 overlapping regions across the HBV genome as a measure of interpatient viral diversity. RESULTS Overall, viral diversity was up to 10-fold higher across GT D patients compared to GT A patients throughout the HBV genome. Within the pol/RT and HBs genes, interpatient viral diversity was significantly lower among HBsAg loss patients for both GT A and D, with the difference driven largely by a reduction in diversity in the small S gene. Conversely, interpatient viral diversity was generally higher in HBsAg loss patients across the HBx gene regulatory elements and precore region. CONCLUSION In HBsAg loss patients, less interpatient viral diversity was observed within structural-coding regions while specific regions across the HBx and precore genes encoding nonstructural regulatory elements generally displayed higher interpatient viral diversity. These distinct patterns may reflect different responses to adaptive pressure for HBV genomic structural and nonstructural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
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Characterization of Full-Length Genomes of Hepatitis B Virus Quasispecies in Sera of Patients at Different Phases of Infection. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2203-14. [PMID: 25926495 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00068-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in different clinical presentation due to different levels of immune response. Our study aimed to characterize HBV full-length genome quasispecies (QS) in patients with different phases of infection to better understand its pathogenesis. Forty treatment-naive HBV-infected patients were enrolled, including 10 cases of acute hepatitis B (AHB), 9 cases of immunotolerant (IT) HBV carriers, 11 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 10 cases of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The present study was conducted by clone-based sequencing. QS heterogeneity within each open reading frame was calculated. The mutation frequency index (MFI) and amino acid variations within the large HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBxAg regions were analyzed based on the different infection phases. In total, 606 HBV full-length sequences were obtained. HBV QS had higher heterogeneity in ACLF and CHB than that in IT among chronically infected individuals. AHB patients had the lower QS heterogeneity at onset than those with chronic infection. ACLF patients had the highest frequency of mutations in the core promoter and precore region. A triple mutation (A1762T/G1764A/G1896A) was observed more frequently in genotype C than in genotype B. The MFI indicated that specific peptides of the studied regions had more frequent mutations in ACLF. Furthermore, several amino acid variations, known as T- and B-cell epitopes, were potentially associated with the immunoactive phase of infection. More HBV genome mutations and deletions were observed in patients with more severe diseases, particularly in specific regions of the core and preS regions, the clinical significance and mechanism of which need to be further investigated.
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31
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The prevalence of mutations in the major hydrophilic region of the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus varies with subgenotype. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 143:3572-82. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYMutations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) may result in vaccine escape, failure of immunotherapy and antiviral resistance. These mutants may be transmitted and constitute a public health threat. We aimed to determine the prevalence of MHR mutations of HBV in areas of high endemicity in Guangxi, China. HBV surface gene was analysed from 278 HBsAg-positive asymptomatic individuals recruited from Guangxi using cluster sampling. Three genotypes, B, C and I, were identified. The overall prevalence of MHR mutations is 17·6%. The prevalence of MHR mutations in genotype B (15·1%) is not significantly different from that in genotype C (16·4%). However, the prevalence in subgenotype C5 (31·1%) is significantly higher than in subgenotype C2 (13·0%) (χ2= 6·997,P< 0·05). The prevalence of escape mutations and overlapping polymerase substitutions in subgenotype C5 is significantly higher than in subgenotypes B2 and C2. In total, 7·9% of MHR mutants are escape mutations and 72·1% of MHR mutations produced amino-acid changes in the overlapping polymerase, including resistance mutations to entecavir. Our results suggest that the prevalence of MHR mutations varies with subgenotype. The prevalence of escape mutations and polymerase mutations may be associated with subgenotype.
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Mondal RK, Khatun M, Ghosh S, Banerjee P, Datta S, Sarkar S, Saha B, Santra A, Banerjee S, Chowdhury A, Datta S. Immune-driven adaptation of hepatitis B virus genotype D involves preferential alteration in B-cell epitopes and replicative attenuation--an insight from human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:710.e11-20. [PMID: 25882358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An important driving force behind the sequence diversity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is viral adaptation to host immune responses. To gain an insight into the impact of host immunity on genetic diversification and properties of HBV, we characterized HBV of genotype D from treatment-naive hepatitis B e antigen-positive (EP) and hepatitis B e antigen-negative (EN) patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), where HBV is under stronger immune pressure, with that of HBV derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HBV-coinfected individuals, where HIV infection has significantly weakened the immune system. Full-length sequence analysis showed that HBV heterogeneity was most extensive in EN-CHB followed by EP-CHB and HIV/HBV coinfection. The relative magnitude of non-synonymous changes within B-cell epitopes was greater than that in T-cell epitopes of HBV open reading frames (ORFs) in both EP-CHB and EN-CHB. Nine amino acid substitutions were identified in B-cell epitopes and one in a T-cell epitope of HBV in EN-CHB, most of which resulted in altered hydrophobicities, as determined using the Kyte and Doolittle method, relative to wild-type residues found in HBV from the HIV-positive group. Additionally, 19 substitutions occurred at significantly higher frequencies in non-epitope regions of HBV ORF-P in EN-CHB than HIV/HBV-coinfected patients. In vitro replication assay demonstrated that the substitutions, particularly in reverse transcriptase and RNaseH domains of ORF-P, resulted in a decline in replication capacity of HBV. Hence, our results indicate that HBV adapts to increasing immune pressure through preferential mutations in B-cell epitopes and by replicative attenuation. The viral epitopes linked to immune response identified in this study bear important implications for future HBV vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mondal
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - M Khatun
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Ghosh
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - P Banerjee
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Datta
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - B Saha
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - A Santra
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Banerjee
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - A Chowdhury
- Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Datta
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
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Salpini R, Colagrossi L, Bellocchi MC, Surdo M, Becker C, Alteri C, Aragri M, Ricciardi A, Armenia D, Pollicita M, Di Santo F, Carioti L, Louzoun Y, Mastroianni CM, Lichtner M, Paoloni M, Esposito M, D'Amore C, Marrone A, Marignani M, Sarrecchia C, Sarmati L, Andreoni M, Angelico M, Verheyen J, Perno CF, Svicher V. Hepatitis B surface antigen genetic elements critical for immune escape correlate with hepatitis B virus reactivation upon immunosuppression. Hepatology 2015; 61:823-33. [PMID: 25418031 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during immunosuppression can lead to severe acute hepatitis, fulminant liver failure, and death. Here, we investigated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) genetic features underlying this phenomenon by analyzing 93 patients: 29 developing HBV reactivation and 64 consecutive patients with chronic HBV infection (as control). HBsAg genetic diversity was analyzed by population-based and ultradeep sequencing (UDS). Before HBV reactivation, 51.7% of patients were isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positive, 31.0% inactive carriers, 6.9% anti-HBc/anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) positive, 6.9% isolated anti-HBs positive, and 3.4% had an overt HBV infection. Of HBV-reactivated patients, 51.7% were treated with rituximab, 34.5% with different chemotherapeutics, and 13.8% with corticosteroids only for inflammatory diseases. In total, 75.9% of HBV-reactivated patients (vs. 3.1% of control patients; P<0.001) carried HBsAg mutations localized in immune-active HBsAg regions. Of the 13 HBsAg mutations found in these patients, 8 of 13 (M103I-L109I-T118K-P120A-Y134H-S143L-D144E-S171F) reside in a major hydrophilic loop (target of neutralizing antibodies [Abs]); some of them are already known to hamper HBsAg recognition by humoral response. The remaining five (C48G-V96A-L175S-G185E-V190A) are localized in class I/II-restricted T-cell epitopes, suggesting a role in HBV escape from T-cell-mediated responses. By UDS, these mutations occurred in HBV-reactivated patients with a median intrapatient prevalence of 73.3% (range, 27.6%-100%) supporting their fixation in the viral population as a predominant species. In control patients carrying such mutations, their median intrapatient prevalence was 4.6% (range, 2.5%-11.3%; P<0.001). Finally, additional N-linked glycosylation (NLG) sites within the major hydrophilic loop were found in 24.1% of HBV-reactivated patients (vs. 0% of chronic patients; P<0.001); 5 of 7 patients carrying these sites remained HBsAg negative despite HBV reactivation. NLG can mask immunogenic epitopes, abrogating HBsAg recognition by Abs. CONCLUSION HBV reactivation occurs in a wide variety of clinical settings requiring immune-suppressive therapy, and correlates with HBsAg mutations endowed with enhanced capability to evade immune response. This highlights the need for careful patient monitoring in all immunosuppressive settings at reactivation risk and of establishing a prompt therapy to prevent HBV-related clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Salpini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Li F, Zhang D, Li Y, Jiang D, Luo S, Du N, Chen W, Deng L, Zeng C. Whole genome characterization of hepatitis B virus quasispecies with massively parallel pyrosequencing. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:280-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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Yang J, Lu H, Guo R, Yan D, Ye P, Jin L, Chen C, Cao H, Diao H, Li L. Molecular profile of the T cell receptor beta variable in peripheral blood lymphocytes from chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers. Pathog Dis 2014; 73:1-9. [PMID: 25722488 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiezuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Renyong Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ping Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Linfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chunlei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Cheng HY, Kang PJ, Chuang YH, Wang YH, Jan MC, Wu CF, Lin CL, Liu CJ, Liaw YF, Lin SM, Chen PJ, Lee SD, Yu MW. Circulating programmed death-1 as a marker for sustained high hepatitis B viral load and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95870. [PMID: 25427199 PMCID: PMC4245192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence indicates a crucial role of the immunoinhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) in enforcing T-cell dysfunction during chronic viral infection and cancer. We assessed the impact of circulating soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) levels on long-term dynamics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) load and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. METHODS In a case-cohort study on longitudinal analysis of viral load within a cohort of 2903 men chronically infected with HBV, followed up from baseline (1989-1992) through 2010, we determined sPD-1 levels in baseline plasma with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from 126 men who subsequently developed HCC and 1155 men who did not develop HCC. To evaluate whether patients' characteristics involved the use of sPD-1 as a biomarker, sPD-1 was also tested in 614 newly-diagnosed patients with HBV-related HCC recruited from a multicenter study for comparison with the 1155 noncases in the case-cohort study. RESULTS Plasma quartile levels of sPD-1 were positively associated with HCC risk for men in the case-cohort analysis (vs. quartile 1: adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] for quartile 2-quartile 4 were 1.51 [0.75-3.03], 2.15 [1.12-4.13], and 2.29 [1.20-4.38], respectively), and in the case-control study regardless of age-of-onset and clinical stage. Furthermore, we found longitudinal effect of elevated sPD-1 levels to maintain higher viral load for 4 or more years, with greater and more prolonged effect among HBV genotype C- vs. non-C-infected participants. High levels of viral load and sPD-1 (vs. absence of both) was associated with a 6.29-fold increase in risk of HCC, and combining both conditions with HBV genotype C yielded an odds ratio of 30.47 with significant additive interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction: 27.08 [95% confidence interval = 8.76-45.41]). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest plasma sPD-1 as an important immune-related marker for assessment of HBV activity and HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yun Cheng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Kang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chin Jan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Wu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fan Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ming Lin
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Whei Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Mirabelli C, Surdo M, Van Hemert F, Lian Z, Salpini R, Cento V, Cortese MF, Aragri M, Pollicita M, Alteri C, Bertoli A, Berkhout B, Micheli V, Gubertini G, Santoro MM, Romano S, Visca M, Bernassola M, Longo R, De Sanctis GM, Trimoulet P, Fleury H, Marino N, Mazzotta F, Cappiello G, Spanò A, Sarrecchia C, Zhang JM, Andreoni M, Angelico M, Verheyen J, Perno CF, Svicher V. Specific mutations in the C-terminus domain of HBV surface antigen significantly correlate with low level of serum HBV-DNA in patients with chronic HBV infection. J Infect 2014; 70:288-98. [PMID: 25452041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To define HBsAg-mutations correlated with different serum HBV-DNA levels in HBV chronically-infected drug-naive patients. METHODS This study included 187 patients stratified into the following ranges of serum HBV-DNA:12-2000 IU/ml, 2000-100,000 IU/ml, and >100,000 IU/ml. HBsAg-mutations were associated with HBV-DNA levels by applying a Bayesian-Partitional-Model and Fisher-exact test. Mutant and wild-type HBV genotype-D genomes were expressed in Huh7 cells and HBsAg-production was determined in cell-supernatants at 3 days-post-transfection. RESULTS Specific HBsAg-mutations (M197T,-S204N-Y206C/H-F220L) were significantly correlated with serum HBV-DNA <2000 IU/ml (posterior-probability>90%, P < 0.05). The presence of Y206C/H and/or F220L was also associated with lower median (IQR) HBsAg-levels and lower median (IQR) transaminases (for HBsAg:250[115-840] IU/ml for Y206C/H and/or F220L versus 4300[640-11,838] IU/ml for wild-type, P = 0.023; for ALT:28[21-40] IU/ml versus 53[34-90] IU/ml, P < 0.001). These mutations were localized in the HBsAg C-terminus, known to be involved in virion and/or HBsAg secretion. The co-occurrence of Y206C + F220L was found significant by cluster-analysis, (P = 0.02). In addition, in an in-vitro model Y206C + F220L determined a 2.8-3.3 fold-reduction of HBsAg-amount released in supernatants compared to single mutants and wt (Y206C + F220L = 5,679 IU/ml; Y206H = 16,305 IU/ml; F220L = 18,368 IU/ml; Y206C = 18,680 IU/ml; wt = 14,280 IU/ml, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Specific HBsAg-mutations (compartmentalized in the HBsAg C-terminus) correlated with low-serum HBV-DNA and HBsAg-levels. These findings can be important to understand mechanisms underlying low HBV replicative potential including the inactive-carrier state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mirabelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Surdo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Formijn Van Hemert
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhichao Lian
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 United States
| | - Romina Salpini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Cento
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Aragri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Pollicita
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Bertoli
- University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maria Mercedes Santoro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Romano
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Visca
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Bernassola
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Longo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Trimoulet
- Virology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Université "Victor Segalen", CHU de Bordeaux, 33300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hervè Fleury
- Virology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Université "Victor Segalen", CHU de Bordeaux, 33300 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Spanò
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "S. Pertini" Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Angelico
- University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Jens Verheyen
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital, 45147 Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Svicher
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy.
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Cento V, Mirabelli C, Dimonte S, Salpini R, Han Y, Trimoulet P, Bertoli A, Micheli V, Gubertini G, Cappiello G, Spanò A, Longo R, Bernassola M, Mazzotta F, De Sanctis GM, Zhang XX, Verheyen J, D’Arminio Monforte A, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Perno CF, Svicher V. Overlapping structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and immune selection pressure are critical forces modulating HBV evolution. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:143-149. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.046524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
How the overlap between the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) and HBV S antigen (HBsAg) genes modulates the extent of HBV genetic variability is still an open question, and was investigated here. The rate of nucleotide conservation (≤1 % variability) followed an atypical pattern in the RT gene, due to an overlap between RT and HBsAg (69.9 % nucleotide conservation in the overlapping region vs 41.2 % in the non-overlapping region;P<0.001), with a consequently lower rate of synonymous substitution within the overlapping region [median(interquartile range)dS = 3.1(1.5–7.4) vs 20.1(10.6–30.0);P = 3.249×10−22]. The most conserved RT regions were located within the YMDD motif and the N-terminal parts of the palm and finger domains, critical for RT functionality. These regions also corresponded to highly conserved HBsAg domains that are critical for HBsAg secretion. Conversely, the genomic region encoding the HBsAg antigenic loop (where immune-escape mutations are localized) showed a sharp decrease in the extent of conservation (40.6 %), which was less pronounced in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-driven immune suppression (48.8 % in HIV–HBV co-infection vs 21.5 % in mono-infected patients;P = 0.020). In conclusion, the overlapping reading frame and the immune system appear to have shaped the patterns of RT and HBsAg genetic variability. Highly conserved regions in RT and HBsAg may deserve further attention as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cento
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Carmen Mirabelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dimonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Romina Salpini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Pascale Trimoulet
- Bordeaux University Hospital, University Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Ada Bertoli
- University Hospital ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Valentina Svicher
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
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