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Liu W, Thompson PA, Gray KM, Hastings RP. Child behavior problems and parental psychological distress in Chinese families of children with autism: The putative moderating role of parental social support and cultural values. Autism Res 2024; 17:1016-1026. [PMID: 38491340 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The wellbeing of parents of children with autism residing in mainland China remains understudied. We aimed to examine whether and how parental perceived social support, individualism, and collectivism acted together to moderate the relationships between child behavior problems and parental psychological distress in Chinese parents of children with autism. With convenience and snowball sampling, data on 268 primary caregiver parents of children with autism were collected from an online cross-sectional survey. Linear regression analysis indicated that child behavior problems were significantly associated with increased psychological distress in Chinese parents of children with autism. There was no evidence to support the stress-buffering model of social support in moderation analysis of the association between child behavior problems and parental psychological distress. Nonetheless, increased social support was associated with lower levels of parental psychological distress. Moderated moderation analyses did not support a role for individualism or collectivism as a moderator of the putative buffering role of social support. However, there was evidence that parental individualism was associated with increased parental psychological distress. Our findings highlight that child behavior problems are a robust correlate of parental psychological distress, and parental social support may act as a compensatory factor promoting less psychological distress rather than having a protective role. The role of social support and cultural values in the wellbeing of parents of children with autism in China requires additional exploration, including longitudinal research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Liu
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul A Thompson
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kylie M Gray
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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2
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Hou Y, Yan T, Deng M. A Qualitative Study on Parental Experience of Involvement in the Transition from Kindergarten to Primary School for Chinese Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4872-4887. [PMID: 36109470 PMCID: PMC9483495 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parental involvement plays a vital role in the transition from kindergarten to primary school among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs); this study aims to explore Chinese parents' experiences of parental involvement during this period. Informed by interpretive phenomenological analysis, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were held with 10 parents. Three major themes were identified: (1) "aggressive" involvement; (2) factors in transforming parental involvement; and (3) "rational" involvement. Participants reported their perceptions, attitudes, and parenting behaviors in different phases of involvement in the transition to primary school. These findings highlight the need to support parents of children with IDDs during this time of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Hou
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingrui Yan
- Special Education Department, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Zhongshan North Street, No.3663, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Deng
- Special Education Department, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Zhongshan North Street, No.3663, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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3
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Chien YL, Wu CS, Chang YC, Cheong ML, Yao TC, Tsai HJ. Associations between parental psychiatric disorders and autism spectrum disorder in the offspring. Autism Res 2022; 15:2409-2419. [PMID: 36250255 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether parental psychiatric disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring has remained inconclusive. We examined the associations of parental psychiatric disorders with ASD in offspring. This population-based case-control study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to identify a cohort of children born from 2004 to 2017 and their parents. A total of 24,279 children with ASD (diagnostic ICD-9-CM code: 299.x or ICD-10 code F84.x) and 97,715 matched controls were included. Parental psychiatric disorders, including depressive disorders, bipolar spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and adjustment disorders were identified. Conditional logistic regressions with covariate adjustment were performed. The results suggest that parental diagnosis with any of the psychiatric disorders is associated with ASD in offspring (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.40-1.51 for mothers; and AOR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.08-1.17 for fathers). ASD in offspring was associated with schizophrenia, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, adjustment disorders, ADHD and ASD in both parents. The relationship between parental psychiatric disorders and the timing of the child's birth and ASD diagnosis varied across the different psychiatric disorders. The present study provides supportive evidence that parental psychiatric disorders are associated with autistic children. Furthermore, because the associations between parental psychiatric disorders and the timing of child's birth and ASD diagnosis varied across psychiatric disorders, the observed relationships may be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Future studies are needed to disentangle the potential influence of genetic and environmental factors on the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Leng Cheong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,College of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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4
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Li M, Zhao SX, Chen WJ, Huang TY, Chen LS. Knowledge and Attitudes toward Genetic Testing for Autism Spectrum Disorders among Parents of Affected Children in Taiwan. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020239. [PMID: 35205283 PMCID: PMC8871752 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Taiwan has been increasing, and genetic testing for ASD has been available and provided to parents of children diagnosed with ASD in Taiwan. However, there is still limited understanding of Taiwanese parents’ knowledge of and attitudes toward such testing. Therefore, the present study addressed this gap by assessing the attitudes toward as well as actual and perceived knowledge of ASD genetic testing among Taiwanese parents of children diagnosed with ASD. A sample of 443 parents of children with ASD recruited from 236 public schools in Taiwan completed a paper-and-pencil survey. Although parents generally held favorable attitudes toward ASD genetic testing, they had deficient knowledge of such test (with only a 31.4% average correct rate on the actual knowledge scale). Tailored health education materials should be developed to improve the knowledge of ASD genetic testing among parents with affected children in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Health Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA;
| | - Shi-Xi Zhao
- Department of Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, TX 79762, USA;
| | - Tse-Yang Huang
- Department of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Lei-Shih Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(979)-862-2912
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5
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Naicker VV, Bury SM, Hedley D. Factors associated with parental resolution of a child's autism diagnosis: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1079371. [PMID: 36683975 PMCID: PMC9849876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receiving a child's autism diagnosis can be stressful; as such, parent resolution contributes to the wellbeing and development of healthy parent-child relationships. In other significant childhood diagnoses (e.g., cerebral palsy, diabetes), the degree to which parents adjust to (a) their child's diagnosis and (b) their changes in expectations concerning their child's development and capacity (referred to as resolution to diagnosis), has been associated with improved outcomes including facilitating parent-child relationships and improved parental wellbeing. Given potential benefits to parent and child, and the heterogenous nature of autism, examining the unique factors associated with resolution to diagnosis is important. In this systematic review we identified factors that support or inhibit parental resolution to their child receiving a diagnosis of autism. METHODS We completed a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of peer-reviewed studies from 2017 to 2022, that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis. Papers including "acceptance" needed to encompass both accepting the diagnosis and the implications regarding the child's abilities. We searched six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest), with additional papers located following review of reference lists. RESULTS Fourteen papers with 592 participants that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis, were included. We identified six common factors that facilitate or inhibit parental resolution and acceptance of an autism diagnosis including: symptom severity; religion, belief, and culture; knowledge and uncertainty; negative emotions (i.e., denial, shame, guilt); positive emotions; and support. Greater resolution was associated with improved "attunement and insightfulness" in the parent-child relationship. LIMITATION The review was limited by the small number of studies meeting inclusion criteria. Second, the quality of included studies was mixed, with over half of the studies being qualitative and only one randomized control trial (RCT) identified. CONCLUSION Parental resolution can have an impact on parent's perception of their child's capabilities and impact the parent-child relationship. We identified six categories that aid in inhibiting or promoting resolution to diagnosis. Despite taking a broad approach on the definition of resolution, the low number of studies identified in the review indicates a need for more research in this area. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, PROSPERO [ID: CRD42022336283].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda V Naicker
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M Bury
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Seng GJ, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Lin HY, Li SC, Hsiao MN, Liu TJ, Chen HM, Shih A, Chang YC, Who Cst Team, Soong WT. Promotion and implementation effectiveness of World Health Organization's Caregiver Skills Training program in Taiwan. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:904380. [PMID: 36117658 PMCID: PMC9470946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Caregiver Skills Training for Families of Children with Developmental Delays and Disabilities (CST) with support from Autism Speaks to address the resource gaps and worldwide needs for interventions for children with developmental disorders or delays, especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and their families. Evidence has indicated that parent-mediated interventions benefit both caregivers and children by strengthening caregivers' knowledge and confidence and children's social communication skills and behavioral regulation. The CST-Taiwan team began the prepilot field trial in 2017 and developed the project to serve families in various locations. This study (1) delineated the adaptations and promotion of CST-Taiwan; (2) determined the program's effectiveness in the promotional stage, in terms of caregiver and child outcomes, and (3) examined the maintenance of its effects. The materials, delivery, and facilitator training procedure of the original CST were adapted to Taiwan. The quantitative data indicated that CST-Taiwan is a promising program, it positively affected caregiver knowledge and confidence and reduced the severity of the children's autistic symptoms. The 3-month follow-up results suggested that the effects persisted. Thus, CST-Taiwan, and its promotional strategies are feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jye Seng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Su-Chen Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ni Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tseng-Jung Liu
- Foundation for Autistic Children and Adults in Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Man Chen
- Foundation for Autistic Children and Adults in Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Special Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Shih
- Autism Speaks, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Ya-Chih Chang
- Department of Special Education and Counseling, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Who Cst Team
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Tsuen Soong
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Persistence in the Face of Ecological Challenges: A Phenomenological Study of Parents of Children With Disabilities in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-021-09453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Yaacob WNW, Yaacob LH, Muhamad R, Zulkifli MM. Behind the Scenes of Parents Nurturing a Child with Autism: A Qualitative Study in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8532. [PMID: 34444280 PMCID: PMC8391347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many parents have experienced difficulties in parenting children with autism. We, therefore, consider a more in-depth understanding that is necessary to explore the challenges facing parents and families to provide a better outcome for both. We interviewed 21 parents of 24 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to qualitatively explore the challenges they experienced through a phenomenological framework. Four main aspects emerged as challenges to the parents: inadequate knowledge, psychological distress and stigma, lack of support, and barriers to services. These four themes reflect a lack of balance between the needs of caregivers and the services and resources or support available in the community to meet those needs. Our study contributes to an understanding of how parents perceive challenges, making it easier to take necessary action to meet their needs and ease their burden of stress. A concerted effort is needed to coordinate services across all disciplines to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Husniati Yaacob
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (W.N.W.Y.); (M.M.Z.)
| | - Rosediani Muhamad
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (W.N.W.Y.); (M.M.Z.)
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9
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Makino A, Hartman L, King G, Wong PY, Penner M. Parent Experiences of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis: a Scoping Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this review was to identify the quantity, breadth, and methodological characteristics of literature examining parent perspectives of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, synthesize key research findings, and highlight gaps in the current literature. A systematic search was conducted for the period January 1994–February 2020. One hundred and twenty-two articles underwent data extraction. The majority of studies took place in Europe and North America in high-income countries. Over half of the studies used qualitative methodology. Four key components of the diagnostic experience were identified: journey to assessment, assessment process, delivery of the diagnosis and feedback session, and provision of information, resources, and support. Themes of parental emotions and parental satisfaction with the diagnostic process were also found.
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10
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Liao CY, Ganz JB, Vannest KJ, Wattanawongwan S, Pierson LM, Yllades V, Li YF. Caregiver Involvement in Communication Skills for Individuals with ASD and IDD: a Meta-analytic Review of Single-Case Research on the English, Chinese, and Japanese Literature. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-020-00223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Lin YN, Iao LS, Lee YH, Wu CC. Parenting Stress and Child Behavior Problems in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Transactional Relations Across Time. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:2381-2391. [PMID: 32965625 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the transactional relations between parenting stress and both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over 1.5 years using a cross-lagged panel analysis. Participants included 75 young children with ASD (Time 1; mean age = 25.68 months) and their parents. Parenting stress that was related to parent's perceptions on child characteristics was found to predict externalizing behavioral problems in young children with ASD across two time points. However, behavioral problems in young children with ASD did not predict parenting stress. These findings provide implications for early intervention and family services for young children with ASD and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Nung Lin
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 8F, Chi-Shih Building, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Sang Iao
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yu-Han Lee
- Clinical Psychology Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 8F, Chi-Shih Building, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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Neupane KG. Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Parental Experience. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:14-19. [PMID: 31710368 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20191022-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, one in every 59 children was diagnosed in the United States with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a developmental disability, which is a biologically based neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a child's social interaction and communication skills. ASD includes repetitive patterns and restrictive behaviors, which could last a lifetime. Limited awareness of disease condition, less effective coping strategies, and inadequate guidance lead to increased stress levels among parents of children with ASD. Parents experience peaks and troughs of social, emotional, and financial challenges as they go through a pre-diagnosis phase, diagnosis phase, and post-diagnosis phase. The shortage of health care providers and fragmentation of care in the health care delivery system delays early diagnosis and management of ASD. Primary care providers along with the U.S. physician workforce for patients with ASD are strongly encouraged to review their practices on early screening and diagnosis and have clearly planned out care for every child with a family-centered approach. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(2), 14-19.].
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13
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Shorey S, Ng ED, Haugan G, Law E. The parenting experiences and needs of Asian primary caregivers of children with autism: A meta-synthesis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:591-604. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361319886513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with autism are faced with higher risks of unemployment, divorce, and poorer mental health than parents of children with other disorders. Such parenting stress can be further exacerbated by cultural and environmental factors such as the more conservative and collectivistic Asian values. Therefore, this review identifies and synthesizes literature on the parenting experiences and needs of Asian primary caregivers of children with autism using a critical interpretive method. A qualitative meta-summary was conducted. Seven electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from each database’s date of inception to November 2018. In total, 44 studies were included in this review. Thirteen studies examined Asian immigrant parents’ experiences, and 31 studies were done among Asia-based parents. Six domains were identified: “personal parenting journey”; “adaptation and coping strategies”; “family, community, and social support”; “experiences with healthcare, education, and social services”; “future hopes and recommendations”; and “unique experiences of immigrants.” The distinctive influence of religious beliefs, cultural values, and environmental factors on Asian parenting experiences were discussed, and recommendations were proposed to better meet the needs of parents with autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gørill Haugan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
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14
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Chu SY, Mohd Normal SNSAB, McConnell GE, Tan JS, Joginder Singh SKD. Challenges faced by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Malaysia. SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2050571x.2018.1548678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Rehabilitation & Special Needs, Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Grace E. McConnell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Joo Siang Tan
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Susheel Kaur Dhillon Joginder Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Rehabilitation & Special Needs, Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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