1
|
Montano D, Peter R. Informal care-giving and the intention to give up employment: the role of perceived supervisor behaviour in a cohort of German employees. Eur J Ageing 2021; 19:575-585. [PMID: 36052195 PMCID: PMC9424390 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current social policies in the European Union addressing employment, retirement and long-term care are expected to result in increasing employment rates among informal carers. The present investigation contributes to previous research by focusing on how specific work-related factors, in this case supervisor behaviour, may facilitate the fulfilment of the demands arising from paid work and care and ultimately influence the desire to give up employment. To this end, population data from the German Cohort Study on Work, Age, Health and Work Participation conducted in 2011 and 2014 are analysed (n = 3916). Three research hypotheses investigating the associations between care-giving, supervisor behaviour, the intention to give up employment and work-private-life conflict are tested by means of cumulative link models. The results suggest that the intention to give up employment is stronger among employed carers. In addition, the perception that one’s supervisor is considerate towards subordinates and is effective in planning, coordinating work and solving conflicts is found to be negatively related to the desire to give up employment, especially among carers. The statistical analyses reveal that supervisor behaviour mediates the association between the level of work-private-life conflict and the intention to give up employment. It is concluded that the working conditions may exert a substantial influence on the levels of psychosocial load carers experience by facilitating or hindering the extent to which carers are allowed to accommodate their work schedules and job assignments to the conflicting demands of their dual role as workers and carers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montano
- Department of Population-Based Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard Peter
- Department of Medical Sociology, Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Parkstr. 11, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Söderbacka T, Nyholm L, Fagerström L. What is giving vitality to continue at work? A qualitative study of older health professionals' vitality sources. Scand J Caring Sci 2021; 36:699-705. [PMID: 34491585 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vitality is described as 'life energy', 'inner strength' and 'inner health resource' and is the essence of health. Especially during the ageing process, it is of fundamental importance that an individual's health resources are strengthened to support work ability. The need for health services increases as the population ages and meanwhile the workforce in health care is also ageing. The aim of the study was to explore what is giving vitality to older workers in health care to continue at work until retirement age and maybe even an extended working life. INFORMANTS, METHODOLOGY AND METHODS A qualitative interview study was conducted. A total of 15 people aged 59-65 participated in the study, all of them working in the health care sector. Five participants were administrative personnel and ten were nurses. One man and fourteen women took part in the study. Qualitative content analyses were used. FINDINGS The results show that meaningful work, possibilities to use one's knowledge, relationships and work community are promoting vitality. Vitality is affected by work conditions, benefits, personal values and own health. CONCLUSION Plans about continuing at work seem to depend on both external and internal reasons. Knowledge of what influences older employees' vitality resources makes it possible to improve their work situation so that vitality and work ability can be maintained by occupational health and employers despite the ageing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Söderbacka
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland
| | - Linda Nyholm
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland
| | - Lisbeth Fagerström
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santini ZI, Becher H, Jørgensen MB, Davidsen M, Nielsen L, Hinrichsen C, Madsen KR, Meilstrup C, Koyanagi A, Stewart-Brown S, McDaid D, Koushede V. Economics of mental well-being: a prospective study estimating associated health care costs and sickness benefit transfers in Denmark. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2021; 22:1053-1065. [PMID: 33861391 PMCID: PMC8318969 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has examined the societal costs of mental illness, but few studies have estimated the costs associated with mental well-being. In this study, a prospective analysis was conducted on Danish data to determine 1) the association between mental well-being (measured in 2016) and government expenditure in 2017, specifially healthcare costs and sickness benefit transfers. METHODS Data stem from a Danish population-based survey of 3,508 adults (aged 16 + years) in 2016, which was linked to Danish registry data. A validated scale (WEMWBS) was used for the assessment of mental well-being. Costs are expressed in USD PPP. A two-part model was applied to predict costs in 2017, adjusting for sociodemographics, health status (including psychiatric morbidity and health behaviour), as well as costs in the previous year (2016). RESULTS Each point increase in mental well-being (measured in 2016) was associated with lower healthcare costs ($- 42.5, 95% CI = $- 78.7, $- 6.3) and lower costs in terms of sickness benefit transfers ($- 23.1, 95% CI = $- 41.9, $- 4.3) per person in 2017. CONCLUSIONS Estimated reductions in costs related to mental well-being add to what is already known about potential savings related to the prevention of mental illness. It does so by illustrating the savings that could be made by moving from lower to higher levels of mental well-being both within and beyond the clinical range. Our estimates pertain to costs associated with those health-related outcomes that were included in the study, but excluding other social and economic outcomes and benefits. They cover immediate cost estimates (costs generated the year following mental well-being measurement) and not those that could follow improved mental well-being over the longer term. They may therefore be considered conservative from a societal perspective. Population approaches to mental health promotion are necessary, not only to potentiate disease prevention strategies, but also to reduce costs related to lower levels of mental well-being in the non-mental illness population. Our results suggest that useful reductions in both health care resource use and costs, as well as in costs due to sick leave from the workplace, could be achieved from investment in mental well-being promotion within a year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziggi Ivan Santini
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hannah Becher
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Davidsen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Nielsen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hinrichsen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Rich Madsen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Meilstrup
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Vibeke Koushede
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nielsen MB, Emberland JS, Knardahl S. Office design as a risk factor for disability retirement: A prospective registry study of Norwegian employees. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:22-32. [PMID: 32556338 PMCID: PMC7801143 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This aim of this study was to (i) examine differences in risk of subsequent disability retirement between employees working in cellular, shared, and open-plan offices and (ii) determine the contribution of gender, skill-level, work ability, medically certified sickness absence, leadership position, and personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) as confounders. Methods: Survey data on predictor variables combined with official objective registry data on disability retirement and sickness absence were extracted from a large Norwegian occupational cohort of office workers (N=6779, 53.5% women). Questionnaire data included the respondents’ office designs, comparing cellular, shared, and open-plan offices, demographic characteristics, workability, and personality factors. Objective data on disability retirement and medically certified sickness absence were extracted from the sickness and disability benefit register of the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration. Results: In the final fully adjusted model, employees working in shared [hazard rato (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.16] and open-plan (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.31–2.90) offices had significantly higher risk of subsequent disability retirement compared to employees in cellular offices. Gender, work ability, medically certified sickness absence, and conscientiousness had independent direct effects on risk of disability retirement. Conclusion: This study shows that open and shared workspace designs have detrimental effects by increasing risk of disability retirement among office workers, even when taking other known predictive factors into account.
Collapse
|
5
|
Koski TPK, Hintsanen M, Miettunen J, Ek E, Salo H, Jääskeläinen E, Ala-Mursula L. Temperament and Early Intentions to Retire: A Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:136-143. [PMID: 30475312 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between temperament traits and early retirement intentions. METHODS In the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, we analyzed early retirement intentions at the age 46 according to Cloninger temperament traits at the age 46 (n = 4409) and at the age 31 (n = 3226). Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used. Adjustments were made for marital status, education, work type, job satisfaction, perceived health, and mental health problems. RESULTS 11% of men and 9% of women had strong retirement intentions. Especially higher harm avoidance was associated with higher early retirement intentions in both sexes at the age of 46. A similar pattern of results, although with weaker associations, was found for temperament assessed at the age of 31. CONCLUSIONS Temperament and especially harm avoidance is related to early retirement intentions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomi P K Koski
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu (Drs Koski, Miettunen, Jääskeläinen, Ek, Mr Salo, Dr Ala-Mursula); Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu (Drs Koski, Miettunen, Jääskeläinen); Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education (Dr Hintsanen), University of Oulu, Oulu; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä (Dr Ek), Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
From plans to action? Retirement thoughts, intentions and actual retirement: an eight-year follow-up in Finland. AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study applies Feldman and Beehr's three-step model to examine retirement as a decision-making process leading from retirement thoughts to retirement plans and from retirement plans to actual retirement. The results show that retirement thoughts have a clear independent effect on retirement plans as measured by intended retirement age. Furthermore, retirement plans have an isolated effect on retirement patterns. Intended retirement age is the strongest predictor of actual retirement age. Retirement intentions can be thought to represent the effect of unobservable characteristics on retirement, such as preference and motivation. Retirement plans materialise with quite high accuracy. Several key factors are associated with intended and actual retirement age in a similar manner. Unemployment and higher income are connected with earlier planned and actual retirement. Health has a pronounced effect: better health is conducive to later retirement while weaker health (sickness absences) is conducive to earlier retirement. This applies both to retirement intentions and actual retirement and to the difference between the two. The most important way for organisations to extend working lives is to look after the health of older employees. Giving older workers an increased sense of control and lowering job demands helps to prevent premature retirement. Supporting older workers’ continued employment is significant for the retention of older workers, while layoffs targeting older workers shorten working lives.
Collapse
|
7
|
Multimorbidity and intention to retire: a cross-sectional study on 14 European countries. Int J Public Health 2019; 65:187-195. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
8
|
K C P, Oakman J, Nygård CH, Siukola A, Lumme-Sandt K, Nikander P, Neupane S. Intention to Retire in Employees over 50 Years. What is the Role of Work Ability and Work Life Satisfaction? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142500. [PMID: 31337012 PMCID: PMC6678099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: We investigated work ability and trajectories of work life satisfaction (WLS) as predictors of intention to retire (ITR) before the statutory age. Methods: Participants were Finnish postal service employees, who responded to surveys in 2016 and 2018 (n = 1466). Survey measures included ITR, work ability and WLS. Mixture modelling was used to identify trajectories of WLS. A generalized linear model was used to determine the measures of association (Risk Ratios, RR; 95% Confidence Intervals, CI) between exposures (work ability and WLS) and ITR. Results: Approximately 40% of respondents indicated ITR. Four distinct trajectories of WLS were identified: high (33%), moderate (35%), decreasing (23%) and low (9%). Participants with poor work ability (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.40–2.29) and decreasing WLS (1.29, 1.13–1.46) were more likely to indicate an ITR early compared to the participants with excellent/good work ability and high WLS. Job control mediated the relationship between ITR and work ability (9.3%) and WLS (14.7%). Job support also played a similar role (14% and 20.6%). Conclusions: Work ability and WLS are important contributors to the retirement intentions of employees. Ensuring workers have appropriate support and control over their work are mechanisms through which organisations may encourage employees to remain at work for longer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash K C
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jodi Oakman
- Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Clas-Håkan Nygård
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Siukola
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Lumme-Sandt
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nikander
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Subas Neupane
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Merikukka M, Ristikari T, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Gissler M, Laaksonen M. Childhood determinants for early psychiatric disability pension: A 10-year follow-up study of the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:715-725. [PMID: 30394811 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018806936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders can affect work ability and lead to early exit from the labour market through disability pension. AIMS This study aimed to identify childhood determinants of psychiatric disability pension in early adulthood. METHODS The 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort includes a complete census of children born in a single year. The children were followed up from birth until 31 December 2012 using official registers maintained by the Finnish authorities. Risk factors for disability pension were examined in the full 1987 cohort (N = 58,739) and among children who had received mental health care (N = 9,599). Odds ratios were calculated for disability pension due to all mental disorders and separately for schizophrenia, depressive and anxiety and other mental and behavioural disorders in association with childhood determinants. RESULTS Altogether, 1.4% of cohort members had retired due to mental disorders in 2003-2012. In the full 1987 cohort, female sex, parental divorce and social assistance, both mother's and father's psychiatric care and mother's psychiatric disability pension increased the risk for disability pension due to mental disorders. Among children who had received mental health care, risk factors for psychiatric disability pension were father's psychiatric care and mother's psychiatric disability pension. CONCLUSION Childhood determinants were related to the risk of psychiatric disability pension before the age of 25. The risk factors varied by the diagnosis of the disability pension. Using knowledge of this study's risk factors should enable the identification of adolescents and young adults in general population and especially in the mental health care population who are at greatest risk of receipt of psychiatric disability pension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Merikukka
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Ristikari
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Oulu, Finland
| | - Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
- Research Department, Social Insurance Institution (KELA), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Laaksonen
- Research Department, Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK), Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ilmakunnas P, Ilmakunnas S. Health and retirement age: Comparison of expectations and actual retirement. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:18-31. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494817748295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: We examine the relationship between the subjective assessment of health status and retirement by using information on expected and actual retirement ages. Methods: Subjective data from cross-sectional surveys, conducted in Finland in 2003 and 2008, are linked to information on actual retirement age from register data from 2003 to 2013. Regression models are estimated for actual and expected retirement ages. Results: While the health status is positively correlated with both actual and anticipated full-time retirement age, the actual age of retirement is less sensitive to health. On average, individuals tend to retire later than they had anticipated. We examine potential biases in the health–retirement relationship. Measurement error in regard to health status biases the results downwards. Using data on observed retirement ages, omitting those who do not retire during the data period, leads to a selection problem. Ignoring the selection also leads to a downwards bias in the health–retirement age connection. As a more exogenous health variable we use health shocks, which are measured by average annual days of absence due to sickness in the follow-up period. These shocks are negatively related to retirement age in a subsample of initially healthy individuals. Conclusions: When subjective assessment of health is used for explaining retirement behavior, the effects of health can often be underestimated rather than overestimated. To lengthen working careers, attention should be given to both the ability (health) and willingness (perceptions of proper retirement age) of people to continue longer at work.
Collapse
|
11
|
Topa G, Depolo M, Alcover CM. Early Retirement: A Meta-Analysis of Its Antecedent and Subsequent Correlates. Front Psychol 2018; 8:2157. [PMID: 29354075 PMCID: PMC5759094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early or voluntary retirement (ER) can be defined as the full exit from an organizational job or career path of long duration, decided by individuals of a certain age at the mid or late career before mandatory retirement age, with the aim of reducing their attachment to work and closing a process of gradual psychological disengagement from working life. Given the swinging movements that characterize employment policies, the potential effects of ER-both for individuals and society-are still controversial. This meta-analysis examined the relationships between ER and its antecedent and subsequent correlates. Our review of the literature was generated with 151 empirical studies, containing a total number of 706,937 participants, with a wide range of sample sizes (from N = 27 to N = 127,384 participants) and 380 independent effect sizes (ESs), which included 171 independent samples. A negligible ES value for antecedent correlates of early retirement (family pull, job stress, job satisfaction, and income) was obtained (which ranged from r = -0.13 to 0.19), while a fair ES was obtained for workplace timing for retirement, organizational pressures, financial security, and poor physical and mental health, (ranging from r = 0.28 to 0.25). Regarding ER subsequent correlates, poor ESs were obtained, ranging from r = 0.08 to 0.18 for the relationships with subsequent correlates, and fair ESs only for social engagement (r = -0.25). Examination of the potential moderator variables has been conducted. Only a reduced percentage of variability of primary studies has been explained by moderators. Although potential moderator factors were examined, there are several unknown or not measurable factors which contribute to ER and about which there are very little data available. The discussion is aimed to offer theoretical and empirical implications suggestion in order to improve employee's well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Topa
- Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Depolo
- Psychology, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlos-Maria Alcover
- Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nursing, and Stomatology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muurinen C, Laine M, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Salo P, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Oksanen T. Vertical and horizontal trust at work as predictors of retirement intentions: the Finnish Public Sector Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106956. [PMID: 25191745 PMCID: PMC4156392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the associations of trust towards the supervisor (vertical trust) and trust towards co-workers (horizontal trust) with retirement intentions. The participants were 14 840 women and men working in the municipal sector in 2000–12 (Finnish Public Sector Study). Trust (vertical trust towards the supervisor and horizontal trust towards co-workers) and retirement intentions were assessed in repeated surveys. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between baseline trust and retirement intentions at 3.7 years of follow-up. Demographic characteristics, health, psychological distress, health risk behaviors, personality factors, and psychosocial factors were included as covariates. Of the participants, 67.0% trusted their supervisor and 54.9% trusted their co-workers. Employees who trusted their supervisor (odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.67) and employees who trusted their co-workers (odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.70) at baseline were less likely to have strong retirement intentions at follow-up compared to those who did not trust. These associations largely persisted after adjusting for all covariates and taking into account baseline retirement intentions. In conclusion, trust in the supervisor and co-workers predicted retirement intentions. These observational findings suggest that increasing trust in the workplace may contribute to lengthening working careers and preventing early retirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Muurinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Development of Work and Organisations, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
- Åbo Akademi University, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Matti Laine
- Åbo Akademi University, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Development of Work and Organisations, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Development of Work and Organisations, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Development of Work and Organisations, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
- University of Turku, Department of Behavioral Science and Philosophy, Psychology section, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Development of Work and Organisations, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom, and University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Development of Work and Organisations, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
- University of Turku, Department of Public Health, Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Development of Work and Organisations, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suadicani P, Bonde JP, Olesen K, Gyntelberg F. Job satisfaction and intention to quit the job. Occup Med (Lond) 2013; 63:96-102. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
14
|
Salonsalmi A, Laaksonen M, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Drinking habits and disability retirement. Addiction 2012; 107:2128-36. [PMID: 22697358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine associations between drinking habits and disability retirement, and to determine whether the associations differ between all-cause disability retirement and the main causes of disability retirement, i.e. musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders. DESIGN A prospective cohort study with a mean follow-up time of 8 years. SETTING Middle-aged employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6275 municipal employees (78% women) who were 40-60 years old at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Data on drinking habits, i.e. quantity and frequency of drinking, binge drinking and problem drinking, were derived from the baseline questionnaire. The data on disability retirement and its diagnoses came from the Finnish Centre for Pensions. The analyses were made using Cox regression analysis. FINDINGS Heavy average and frequent drinking were not associated with all-cause disability retirement, but increased the risk of disability retirement due to mental disorders even after adjusting for all covariates [hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.54 (1.26-5.12) and 2.10 (1.23-3.61), respectively]. Binge and problem drinking were both associated with all-cause disability retirement in the base models adjusted for age, gender and marital status. Problem drinking more than doubled the risk of disability retirement due to mental disorders even after all adjustments (HR 2.17, CI 1.53-3.08). Non-drinkers had an increased risk for disability retirement due to all mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Adverse drinking habits may contribute to disability retirement among the middle-aged working population. Tackling unhealthy drinking habits may lessen the likelihood of early retirement due to poor mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aino Salonsalmi
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ropponen A, Svedberg P, Huunan-Seppälä A, Koskenvuo K, Koskenvuo M, Alexanderson K, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J. Personality traits and life dissatisfaction as risk factors for disability pension due to low back diagnoses: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study of Finnish twins. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:289-94. [PMID: 22980535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the association of mild symptoms and mental well-being with risk of disability pension (DP) due to somatic diagnoses, even less for DP due to low back diagnoses (LBD). Moderate genetic influences on personality traits, life dissatisfaction and DP exist suggesting that shared genetic influences may underlie these associations. One can control for familial confounding (genetics and family environment) by examining twins. This twin study aimed to investigate personality traits and life dissatisfaction as predictors for DP due to LBD accounting for familial confounding. METHODS Data on 24043 twins aged 18-65year in a baseline survey in 1975 was followed up from national DP register data until 2004. Personality traits were assessed using the short version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and life dissatisfaction was measured with a four item scale on levels of interest, happiness, easiness, and loneliness of life. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS DP due to LBD was granted to 537 individuals during the follow-up. Each one unit increase in life dissatisfaction (HR 1.06; 95%CI 1.03, 1.10) and neuroticism (1.07; 1.03, 1.10) but not extroversion was significantly associated with an elevated risk for DP due to LBD. These associations with life dissatisfaction and neuroticism remained when socioeconomic status, education, and marital status were taken into account, and demonstrated an independence from familial confounding. CONCLUSION Life dissatisfaction and neuroticism seems to be early, perhaps causal risk factors for DP due to LBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annina Ropponen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Unexpected Retirement from Full Time Work after Age 62: Consequences for Life Satisfaction in older Americans. Eur J Ageing 2012; 9:207-219. [PMID: 24159276 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-012-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent policy shifts in the United States have resulted in an increase in the number of older workers remaining in the labor force. Increases in the retirement age for receiving full Social Security benefits coupled with declining pension funds and the erosion of employer retiree health benefits, mean that current cohorts of older workers may fully expect to work longer than previous generations. Yet, working longer may not always be possible due to health problems, outdated skills, economic insecurity, and competing obligations. We examine the consequences of unmet expectations for full time work after age 62 for life satisfaction in a nationally representative sample of older Americans. With longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2008), this paper uses repeated measures of expectations for later life work among a cohort of Americans (N=1684) gathered prospectively over an eight year period, and examines the effects of unfulfilled expectations on subsequent life satisfaction. Using generalized growth mixture modeling three latent classes of individuals were identified with distinct trajectories of later life work expectations (low expectations, high expectations, and neutral expectations for full time work after age 62). A majority of men had generally high expectations to work full time past age 62, whereas the majority of women reported a low probability of working full time after age 62. When comparing expectations to actual full time work past age 62, we found no effects of unmet expectations for women. But men with less job stability (reflected by shorter job tenure and lower incomes) generally had high expectations to work longer, and their life satisfaction scores were significantly lower when these expectations were not realized. The hazards of missed expectations for later life work have consequences for subjective well-being in older adults.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lahelma E, Laaksonen M, Lallukka T, Martikainen P, Pietiläinen O, Saastamoinen P, Gould R, Rahkonen O. Working conditions as risk factors for disability retirement: a longitudinal register linkage study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:309. [PMID: 22537302 PMCID: PMC3438015 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early retirement due to disability is a public health and work environment problem that shortens working careers. Transition to disability retirement is based on ill-health, but working conditions are also of relevance. We examined the contributions of work arrangements, physical working conditions and psychosocial working conditions to subsequent disability retirement. METHODS The data were derived from the Helsinki Health Study cohort on employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. Information on working conditions was obtained from the baseline surveys conducted in 2000, 2001 and 2002. These data were linked with register data on disability retirement and their main diagnoses obtained from the Finnish Centre for Pensions. Follow up by the end of 2008 yielded 525 disability retirement events. The analysed data included 6525 participants and 525 disability retirement events. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated from Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Several working conditions showed own associations with disability retirement before adjustment. After adjustment for all working conditions, the primary risk factors for all-cause disability retirement were physical workload among women (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.57-2.59) and men (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.18-3.38), and low job control among women (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.29-1.99). In addition, for disability retirement due to musculoskeletal causes, the risk factors were physical workload and low job control. For disability retirement due to mental causes the risk factors were computer work and low job control. Furthermore, occupational class was a risk factor for disability retirement due to all causes and musculoskeletal diseases. CONCLUSIONS Among various working conditions, those that are physically demanding and those that imply low job control are potential risk factors for disability retirement. Improving the physical working environment and enhancing control over one's job is likely to help prevent early retirement due to disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Lahelma
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between employee well-being and early-retirement intentions, and the extent to which early-retirement intentions are associated with company performance. METHODS This study is based on cross-sectional survey data on the ageing employees of the Finnish metal industry and retail trade, collected in 2007 (company-level n = 129, employee-level n = 1281). It was analyzed using multinomial logistic and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Poor work ability, frequent emotional exhaustion, low organizational commitment, and job control were associated with the prevalence of early-retirement intentions among aging employees in both industries. Metal industry employees' early-retirement intentions were associated with weaker company performance measured by the perceptions of the manager. CONCLUSION By enhancing well-being, employees may stay at work for longer rather than retiring early. Early-retirement intentions can be counterproductive for companies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Volanen SM, Suominen S, Lahelma E, Koskenvuo K, Koskenvuo M, Silventoinen K. Sense of coherence and intentions to retire early among Finnish women and men. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:22. [PMID: 20085637 PMCID: PMC2831030 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that age, physical and mental health status and working circumstances, along with different socio-economic and psychosocial factors affect the retirement process. However, the role of psychological resources, such as sense of coherence (SOC), on the retirement process is still poorly understood. This study investigated the associations between SOC and intentions to retire early and whether these associations were explained by socio-economic, psychosocial and work and health related factors. Methods The data were derived from the Finnish Health and Social Support (HeSSup) Study. The information was gathered from postal surveys in 1998 (baseline) and in 2003 (follow-up). The analyzed data consisted of 7409 women and 4866 men aged 30-54 at baseline. SOC and background factors including childhood circumstances, language, education, working circumstances, social support, health behaviour and somatic and mental health status were assessed at baseline. The intentions to retire early were assessed at follow-up using logistic regression analysis. Results SOC was associated with intentions to retire early among both genders. Socio-economic, psychosocial and work and health behaviour related factors did not influence the association between SOC and intentions to retire early among women and men reporting somatic or mental illness. Further, the association between SOC and intentions to retire early remained among (somatically and mentally) healthy men. Among healthy women the association was weaker and statistically non-significant. Among unhealthy women, the odds ratios of SOC was 0.97 (CI 95% 0.96-0.98) and 0.97 among ill men (CI 95% 0.96-0.98), i.e., each additional SOC score reduced the risk of intentions by 3% among both genders. Conclusion Unhealthy employees with low SOC and low education were in the greatest risk to have reported intentions to retire early. SOC had an independent effect on intentions to retire early, and a strong SOC may have a potential to prevent early retirement in groups otherwise at risk. An important challenge would be to target the resources of SOC to the most vulnerable and design appropriate interventions in order to strengthen the level of SOC and hence prolong working years of the aging employees.
Collapse
|