Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates atrial tachycardia-induced sympathetic nerve remodeling

Angiotensin 1-7 restrains vascular injury of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by inhibiting ferroptosis

BACKGROUND

Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) is the classical end product of angiotensin II, which has the effects of dilating blood vessels, protecting endothelial cells, anti-hypertension, improving cardiac function, and inhibiting atherosclerosis. We hypothesize that Ang1-7 inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) ferroptosis through NF-κB/P53 signal pathway, and reduces extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) vascular injury.

METHODS

Cultured HUVEC were seeded into 15 wells and randomly divided into five groups: the control group and four experimental groups (erastin, erastin + Ang1-7, erastin + Ang1-7 + Betulinic acid, erastin + Betulinic acid). After stimulation, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. The effects of Ang1-7 on HUVEC microstructure, antioxidant enzymes (ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), cystine/glutamic acid reverse transport solute carrier family 7 members 11 (SLC7A11 or XCT), superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)), NF-κB, P-NF-κB, P53, and P-P53).

RESULTS

Erastin stimulation promoted HUVEC lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant enzyme expression, increased P-NF-κB, P53, and P-P53 expressions, and damaged HUVEC mitochondrial structure. Ang1-7 alleviated the effect of erastin on HUVEC, which was destroyed by Betulinic acid.

CONCLUSION

Angiotensin1-7 pretreatment inhibited vascular endothelial cells' ferroptosis and alleviated ECMO vessel injury through NF-κB /P53 signal pathway.

Cardiovascular Disease in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology and Diagnosis Approach

Long COVID or post-acute Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a malady defined by the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or even months, is expected to affect the lives of millions of individuals worldwide significantly. Cardiopulmonary symptoms such as chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, and autonomic manifestations such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and arrhythmias are prevalent and widely recognized. A variety of cardiovascular problems, including myocardial inflammation, myocardial infarction, ventricular dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction, have been described in individuals following the initial acute phase. With over 10,000 published publications on COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system, presenting an unbiased thorough analysis of how SARS-CoV-2 affects the system is essentially challenging. This review will provide an overview of frequent cardiovascular manifestations, emphasizing consequences, proposed pathophysiology, and clinical diagnostic manifestation strategy.

Progress of Pathogenesis in Pediatric Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is defined as irregular P-P, R-R, and P-R intervals, isoelectric baseline between P waves, and ventricular rate over 100 beats/min. Although the prognosis of pediatric MAT in most patients is favorable, adverse outcomes of MAT have been reported, such as cardiogenic death (3%), respiratory failure (6%), or persistent arrhythmia (7%), due to delayed diagnosis and poorly controlled MAT. Previous studies demonstrated that pediatric MAT is associated with multiple enhanced automatic lesions located in the atrium or abnormal automaticity of a single lesion located in the pulmonary veins via multiple pathways to trigger electrical activity. Recent studies indicated that pediatric MAT is associated with the formation of a re-entry loop, abnormal automaticity, and triggering activity. The occurrence of pediatric MAT is affected by gestational disease, congenital heart disease, post-cardiac surgery, pulmonary hypertension, and infectious diseases, which promote MAT via inflammation, redistribution of the autonomic nervous system, and abnormal ion channels. However, the pathogenesis of MAT needs to be explored. This review is aimed to summarize and analyze the pathogenesis in pediatric MAT.

The renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular autonomic control: recent developments and clinical implications

Complex and bidirectional interactions between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and autonomic nervous system have been well established for cardiovascular regulation under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Most research to date has focused on deleterious effects of components of the vasoconstrictor arm of the RAS on cardiovascular autonomic control, such as renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. The recent discovery of prorenin and the prorenin receptor have further increased our understanding of RAS interactions in autonomic brain regions. Therapies targeting these RAS components, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, are commonly used for treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, with blood pressure-lowering effects attributed in part to sympathetic inhibition and parasympathetic facilitation. In addition, a vasodilatory arm of the RAS has emerged that includes angiotensin-(1-7), ACE2, and alamandine, and promotes beneficial effects on blood pressure in part by reducing sympathetic activity and improving arterial baroreceptor reflex function in animal models. The role of the vasodilatory arm of the RAS in cardiovascular autonomic regulation in clinical populations, however, has yet to be determined. This review will summarize recent developments in autonomic mechanisms involved in the effects of the RAS on cardiovascular regulation, with a focus on newly discovered pathways and therapeutic targets for this hormone system.