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George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O'Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:90. [PMID: 32117120 PMCID: PMC7029740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. H. pylori infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with H. pylori. Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in H. pylori-infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio George
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Okuda M, Lin Y, Mabe K, Kato M, Osaki T, Miyamoto R, Okumura A, Kamiya S, Kikuchi S. Serum Pepsinogen Values in Japanese Junior High School Students With Reference to Helicobacter Pylori Infection. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:30-36. [PMID: 30643100 PMCID: PMC6908843 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Distributions of serum pepsinogen (PG) values were assessed in Helicobacter pylori-infected and non-infected junior high school students (aged 12–15 years) in Japan. Methods All junior high school students (1,225 in total) in Sasayama city, who were basically healthy, were asked to provide urine and serum samples, which were used to measure urine and serum H. pylori antibodies using ELISA kits and PG values. The subjects, whose urine and serum antibodies were both positive, were considered H. pylori infected. Results Of the 187 subjects who provided urine and blood samples, 8 were infected, 4 had discrepant results, 4 had negative serum antibody titers no less than 3.0 U/ml, and 171 were non-infected. In the H. pylori non-infected subjects, the median PG I and PG II values and PG I to PG II ratio (PG I/II) were 40.8 ng/mL, 9.5 ng/mL, and 4.4, respectively, whereas in the infected subjects, these values were 55.4 ng/mL, 17.0 ng/mL, and 3.3, respectively (each P < 0.01). In the non-infected subjects, PG I and PG II were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.01). Conclusions The PG I and PG II values were higher, and the PG I/II was lower in H. pylori infected students than in non-infected students. In H. pylori non-infected students, males showed higher PG I and PG II values than females. The distributions of PG values in junior high school students differed from those in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine.,Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Yingsong Lin
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine
| | - Katsuhiro Mabe
- Department of Cancer Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Akihisa Okumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Shogo Kikuchi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine
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Wang C, Nishiyama T, Kikuchi S, Inoue M, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Lin Y. Changing trends in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Japan (1908-2003): a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 170,752 individuals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15491. [PMID: 29138514 PMCID: PMC5686167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing trends in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the general population over time are thought to be the main driving force behind the declining gastric cancer mortality in Japan. However, whether the prevalence of H. pylori infection itself shows a birth-cohort pattern needs to be corroborated. We performed a systematic review of studies that reported the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Japanese individuals. Meta-regression was conducted in the framework of a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to account for heterogeneity in the prevalence of H. pylori infection as a function of birth year. The prevalence of H. pylori infection confirmed a clear birth cohort pattern: the predicted prevalence (%, 95% CI) was 60.9 (56.3–65.4), 65.9 (63.9–67.9), 67.4 (66.0–68.7), 64.1 (63.1–65.1), 59.1 (58.2–60.0), 49.1 (49.0–49.2), 34.9 (34.0–35.8), 24.6 (23.5–25.8), 15.6 (14.0–17.3), and 6.6 (4.8–8.9) among those who were born in the year 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. The present study demonstrated a clear birth-cohort pattern of H. pylori infection in the Japanese population. The decreased prevalence of H. pylori infection in successive generations should be weighed in future gastric cancer control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Wang
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.,Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shogo Kikuchi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingsong Lin
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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Nakayama Y, Lin Y, Hongo M, Hidaka H, Kikuchi S. Helicobacter pylori infection and its related factors in junior high school students in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 27785853 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few reports on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in asymptomatic Japanese children and adolescents. We hypothesized that the prevalence of H. pylori infection is very low among Japanese children and that clinical variables such as serum pepsinogen and iron levels are associated with H. pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 454 junior high school students aged 12-15 years in four areas in Nagano Prefecture. A commercial ELISA kit (E-plate Eiken H. pylori antibody) was used to measure IgG antibody against H. pylori. Serum pepsinogen and iron levels were also measured using standard methods. A urea breath test was performed for seropositive students. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori was 3.1% (14/454). There were no significant differences in H. pylori prevalence among mountain, rural, and urban areas. The mean level of both serum pepsinogen (PG I) and PG II was significantly increased in the seropositive subjects compared with the seronegative subjects. When the cutoff values for adults (PG I: 70 ng/mL and PG I/II ratio: 3) were used, 4 of 14 subjects had PG I ≤70 ng/mL and PG I/II ratio ≤3. The results of a logistic regression analysis showed that low serum iron levels were significantly associated with H. pylori infection (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori infection is as low as 3% among junior high school students aged 12-15 years in Japan. The disappearance of H. pylori is accelerating in Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yingsong Lin
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Minoru Hongo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroya Hidaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Kikuchi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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Shiota S, Murakami K, Okimoto T, Kodama M, Yamaoka Y. Serum Helicobacter pylori CagA antibody titer as a useful marker for advanced inflammation in the stomach in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:67-73. [PMID: 24033876 PMCID: PMC3870047 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Subjects infected with Helicobacter pylori containing cagA do not always induce serum CagA antibody. Our previous meta-analysis showed that serum CagA seropositivity was associated with gastric cancer even in East Asian countries. However, it remains unclear why serum CagA-positive status is associated with gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between anti-CagA antibody titer and the levels of pepsinogen (PG), and histological score. METHODS Eighty-eight H. pylori-positive Japanese patients with gastritis were included. Serum CagA antibody titer, PG I, and PG II were evaluated by ELISA. Histological scores were evaluated according to Update Sydney System. CagA expression was examined by immunoblot. RESULTS Seroprevalence of CagA antibody was found in 75.0%. Interestingly, serum CagA antibody titer was significantly correlated with PG I and PG II levels (P = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Serum CagA antibody titer was also significantly correlated with mucosal inflammation in the corpus (P = 0.04). On the other hand, bacterial density was not related with CagA antibody titer. CagA expression level of the strains was irrespective of the status of PG and serum CagA antibody. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with higher serum CagA antibody titer can be considered as high-risk population for the development of gastric cancer from the point of strong gastric inflammatory response even in Japan. Host recognition rather than bacterial colonization might be associated with the difference of serum CagA antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shiota
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan,Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Tadayoshi Okimoto
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Masaaki Kodama
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, JapanS
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan,Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030 USA,Corresponding author: Yoshio Yamaoka MD, PhD, Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan, Tel: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749,
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Nakata A, Tajiri H, Etani Y, Kimura S, Takano T. A Five-Year-Old Boy with Marked Hypergastrinemia Associated with H. pylori Infection. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2010; 4:381-385. [PMID: 21060704 PMCID: PMC2975003 DOI: 10.1159/000320650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old boy was referred to our department for persistent epigastric discomfort. Serum gastrin level was 635 pg/ml with a pepsinogen (PG) I level of 102.7 ng/ml and a PG I/II ratio of 23.2, indicating a hyperacidic state. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed normal gastric mucosal folds and no abnormalities including no gastric mucosal atrophy. To investigate the cause of hypergastrinemia, a Ca injection test was performed and the patient showed no definitive response to a large load of Ca. Contrast-enhanced dynamic CT revealed no space-occupying lesions. The results from these two studies were not consistent with the presence of gastrinoma. A urea breath test showed 2.8%, and a test for the fecal H. pylori antigen was positive. Since H. pylori infection was considered to be a possible cause of hypergastrinemia, eradication therapy was introduced. The therapy was shown to be successful by using a repeated urea breath test that showed a normalization to 0.6%. 7 months after the therapy blood examination showed a gastrin level of 191 pg/ml, a PG I level of 36.7 ng/ml, and a PG I/II ratio of 7.3. An immunostaining study of the gastric mucosa suggested that a decrease in somatostatin secretion due to a reduction in D cell population might have induced hypergastrinemia in this case. In children with H. pylori infection showing marked hypergastrinemia, immunohistochemical examination and therapeutic diagnosis by eradication may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of gastrinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Nakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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de Angelis GL, Cavallaro LG, Maffini V, Moussa AM, Fornaroli F, Liatopoulou S, Bizzarri B, Merli R, Comparato G, Caruana P, Cavestro GM, Franzé A, Di Mario F. Usefulness of a serological panel test in the assessment of gastritis in symptomatic children. Dig Dis 2007; 25:206-13. [PMID: 17827941 DOI: 10.1159/000103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive methods are advisable for the detection of Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis in pediatric patients. Serum pepsinogens I and II (sPGII and sPGII), gastrin-17 (G-17) and anti-H. pylori antibodies (IgG-Hp) have been proposed as a 'serological gastric biopsy'. AIM To assess H. pylori infection and to evaluate gastric mucosa status in a pediatric population by means of serological parameters such as sPGI, sPGII, G-17 and IgG-Hp. METHODS 45 consecutively children evaluated for upper gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed. All children were submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies. Serum samples were analyzed for IgG-Hp, sPGII, sPGI and G-17 (Biohit, Helsinki, Finland). RESULTS 18 children had H. pylori-related mild or moderate non-atrophic chronic gastritis. They presented significantly higher mean levels of sPGII and of IgG-Hp than negative ones, either under or up to 10 years. sPGI showed significantly increased levels in H. pylori-positive patients only over 10 years. G-17 levels were not different between H. pylori-positive and -negative ones. The best cut-offs of IgG-Hp, sPGII and of product IgG-Hp x sPGII, to identify H. pylori infection, were 30 IU/l, 9 microg/l, and 241 IU/l x microg/l, respectively. The product IgG-Hp x sPGII identified H. pylori infection with a 100% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 90% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value. IgG-Hp and IgG-Hp showed a correlation (r = 0.94; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Combined analysis of sPGII and IgG-Hp antibody levels could be recommended as a non-invasive panel for the assessment of H. pylori-related histological alterations of gastric mucosa in childhood.
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Lopes AI, Palha A, Lopes T, Monteiro L, Oleastro M, Fernandes A. Relationship among serum pepsinogens, serum gastrin, gastric mucosal histology and H. pylori virulence factors in a paediatric population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:524-31. [PMID: 16638693 DOI: 10.1080/00365520500337098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum pepsinogens and gastrin have been proposed as markers of gastritis, but have seldom been studied in children. In this study the aim was to identify host- and Helicobacter pylori-related factors linked to variations in serum gastrin, PGI, PGII, and to evaluate the potential of these biomarkers for diagnosing gastritis, whether H. pylori-associated or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-two dyspeptic children referred for endoscopy (peptic ulcer exclusion) were included in the study. H. pylori status (urease, culture, histology) was assessed, and genotype determined (PCR) in H. pylori-positive subjects. Serum gastrin, PGI and PGII levels were measured by standard radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS PGI and PGII levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive subjects (p=0.007; p=0.012, respectively). Gastrin levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-negative subjects (p=0.035). PGI and PGII were associated significantly with higher antrum inflammation scores (p=0.002; p=0.016, respectively); only PGI was associated with age, after controlling for inflammation (p=0.033) and for activity (p=0.037). The contribution of virulence factors could not be assessed owing to the low number of virulent strains. After multivariate analysis, only antrum inflammation was independently associated with PGI level (p=0.012). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a low PGI and PGII discriminant power for predicting antrum inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Pepsinogen levels as measured in this study seem predominantly to reflect antral inflammation, but they are not an effective screening test for gastritis (H. pylori-positive or -negative) in dyspeptic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Lopes
- Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Nardone G, Rocco A, Staibano S, Mezza E, Autiero G, Compare D, De Rosa G, Budillon G. Diagnostic accuracy of the serum profile of gastric mucosa in relation to histological and morphometric diagnosis of atrophy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22:1139-46. [PMID: 16305728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histology is the gold standard for diagnosis of atrophy but is hampered by observer variation. A reliable method to overcome this issue is morphometric analysis of gastric mucosa. Serum pepsinogens and gastrin have been proposed in the diagnostic work-up of gastric atrophy although diagnostic accuracy of these tests is considered unsatisfactory. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of gastric serum profile in relation both to morphological and morphometric diagnosis of gastric atrophy. METHODS Ninety-four dyspeptic out-patients underwent upper endoscopy and evaluation of serum levels of PGI, PGII and 17-gastrin. Diagnostic accuracy of gastric serum profile was tested by receiver operating characteristic curves and by evaluation of sensitivity and specificity in relation to both histology and morphometric analyses. RESULTS As far as concern to histological evaluation, only PGI/PGII ratio showed an acceptable diagnostic accuracy in discrimination of gastric atrophy, while, when morphometric analysis was considered as reference, both serum PGI level and PGI/PGII ratio showed an excellent performance. However, both PGI and PGI/PGII ratio showed low sensitivity and high specificity. CONCLUSIONS Serological gastric profile corresponds better with the morphometric diagnosis of atrophy, even if, because of the low sensitivity, today this could only be used as screening test of chronic atrophic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nardone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Nishi Y, Isomoto H, Mukae H, Ishimoto H, Wen CY, Wada A, Ohnita K, Mizuta Y, Murata I, Hirayama T, Nakazato M, Kohno S. Concentrations of α- and β-defensins in gastric juice of patients with various gastroduodenal diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:99-103. [PMID: 15609405 PMCID: PMC4205393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the concentration of α- and β-defensins in gastric juice of patients with various gastroduodenal diseases.
METHODS: Concentrations of human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-3, the major forms of α-defensins, and human β-defensin (HBD)-1 and HBD-2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma and gastric juice of 84 subjects, consisting of 54 Helicobacter pylori-infected and 30 uninfected subjects. They included 33 patients with chronic gastritis (CG), 12 with gastric ulcer (GU), 11 with duodenal ulcer (DU), 11 with benign gastric polyp (BGP) and 16 with normal mucosa (N group) on upper endoscopy. Plasma pepsinogen I and II levels, biomarkers for gastric mucosal inflammation and atrophy, were also measured.
RESULTS: Gastric juice HNPs 1-3 levels in patients with CG, GU and BGP were significantly higher than those in patients with DU and N. Gastric juice HBD-2 concentrations in patients with CG and GU were significantly higher than those in the N group, but were significantly lower in DU patients than in GU patients. Gastric juice HBD-1 levels and plasma levels of these peptides were similar in the patient groups. Concentrations of gastric juice HNPs 1-3 and HBD-2 of in H pylori-infected patients were significantly different from those in uninfected subjects. HNPs 1-3 concentrations in gastric juice correlated negatively with plasma pepsinogen I levels and I/II ratios. HBD-2 levels in gastric juice correlated positively and negatively with plasma pepsinogen II concentrations and I/II ratios, respectively.
CONCLUSION: HNPs 1-3 and HBD-2 levels in gastric juice are diverse among various gastrointestinal diseases, reflecting the inflammatory and atrophic events of the background gastric mucosa affected by H pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Nishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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